Submarine optical cable state monitoring method, system, device and readable storage medium

Abstract

This invention provides a method, system, device, and readable storage medium for monitoring the status of submarine optical cables. The method includes: transmitting a test laser pulse into the optical fiber of the submarine optical cable through a monitoring device connected to one end of the cable; receiving the backscattered light signal generated in the optical fiber based on the test laser pulse, and collecting and recording the corresponding scattered light information; performing time-domain distributed computation on the collected scattered light information to obtain the optical fiber monitoring signal; and determining and outputting the monitoring result of the submarine optical cable based on the optical fiber monitoring signal. This invention eliminates the coupling devices and loop structures in traditional monitoring systems, reduces system complexity and deployment costs, achieves continuous real-time monitoring of the entire submarine optical cable link, and can simultaneously detect multiple parameters such as acoustic disturbances, temperature, and strain, improving the comprehensiveness of monitoring and the accuracy of fault location, effectively ensuring the stable operation of submarine communication services.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical fiber communication technology, and in particular to a method, system, device, and readable storage medium for monitoring the status of submarine optical cables. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous growth of global intercontinental communication services, submarine optical cable communication systems have become a core infrastructure for carrying massive data transmissions, and their stable operation is directly related to the continuity of transnational communication services. Because submarine optical cables typically travel thousands or even tens of thousands of kilometers and are deployed in complex and harsh environments, the cables themselves and their associated equipment are highly susceptible to failure. Such failures not only lead to large-scale communication outages but also prolong repair time due to difficulties in locating fault points and unclear fault modes, causing serious economic losses and social impacts. Therefore, achieving timely and accurate fault location and rapid fault mode identification is a key requirement for ensuring the reliable operation of submarine optical cable communication systems.

[0003] Existing submarine cable fault detection solutions are as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it mainly relies on discrete coupling devices and loopback mechanisms to process the input signal by splitting it and detecting the power change of the returned signal, thereby determining the operating status of the optical cable and related equipment.

[0004] However, this technical solution has significant limitations: the system requires the deployment of multiple independent coupling devices and the design of complex loopback paths, which not only increases the difficulty of the initial system design but also increases the complexity of the later maintenance; moreover, its detection range is limited to a specific preset functional unit, which cannot achieve continuous status monitoring of the entire transmission link and is difficult to cover the full-domain fault risk of long-distance submarine cables; at the same time, the addition of additional hardware equipment directly leads to a significant increase in the system's manufacturing cost and submarine deployment cost. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method, system, device, and readable storage medium for monitoring the status of submarine optical cables. It eliminates the need for additional signal switching or loopback hardware, significantly reducing system complexity and deployment costs. It enables continuous real-time monitoring of the entire submarine optical cable link and can simultaneously detect multiple parameters such as acoustic disturbances, temperature, and strain, improving the comprehensiveness of monitoring and the accuracy of fault location, and effectively ensuring the stable operation of submarine communication services.

[0006] This invention provides a method for monitoring the status of submarine optical cables, comprising: A test laser pulse is emitted into the optical fiber of the submarine cable through a monitoring device connected to one end of the cable. Receive the backscattered light signal generated in the optical fiber based on the test laser pulse, and collect and record the corresponding scattered light information; The collected scattered light information is processed in a time-domain distributed manner to obtain the fiber optic monitoring signal; Based on fiber optic monitoring signals, the monitoring results of submarine optical cables are determined and output.

[0007] Preferably, in a method for monitoring the status of submarine optical cables, the backscattered light signal includes at least one of Rayleigh scattering, Brillouin scattering, and Raman scattering.

[0008] Preferably, in a method for monitoring the condition of a submarine optical cable, the method involves receiving a backscattered light signal generated in the optical fiber based on a test laser pulse, and collecting and recording the corresponding scattered light information, including: The received backscattered light is filtered to retain the characteristic peak values ​​of the scattered light signal; Based on the aforementioned characteristic peaks, scattered light information is collected to obtain the intensity variation of Rayleigh scattered light, the frequency shift characteristics of Brillouin scattered light, and the intensity ratio of Stokes and anti-Stokes light in Raman scattered light.

[0009] Preferably, in a method for monitoring the status of submarine optical cables, the analysis of the collected scattered light information to obtain the optical fiber monitoring signal includes at least one of the following steps: Based on the intensity variation of Rayleigh scattered light, time-domain fluctuation characteristics are obtained, and acoustic perturbation data are obtained by combining the solution. The intensity ratio of Stokes light to anti-Stokes light in the Raman scattered light was calculated using the Raman time-domain inversion algorithm to obtain temperature data; The Brillouin time-domain inversion algorithm was used to calculate the Brillouin scattering radio frequency shift, and after correction with temperature data, strain data was obtained.

[0010] Preferably, in a method for monitoring the status of a submarine optical cable, the monitoring results of the submarine optical cable are determined and output based on the optical fiber monitoring signal, including: The normal range and alarm threshold of the fiber optic monitoring signal are set; wherein, the fiber optic monitoring signal includes at least one of acoustic disturbance data, temperature data and strain data; If at least one fiber optic monitoring signal exceeds the alarm threshold, the submarine optical cable is determined to be faulty, and the location of the fault point is calculated by testing the laser pulse propagation time.

[0011] Preferably, in a method for monitoring the condition of a submarine optical cable, the optical fiber monitoring signal includes acoustic disturbance data, temperature data, and strain data. After the step of determining that the submarine optical cable has a fault, the method further includes: The fault type is determined based on multi-parameter cross-validation of the acoustic disturbance data, temperature data, and strain data. The fault types include optical cable breakage, physical compression, localized overheating, marine organism attachment, and ocean current interference.

[0012] Preferably, in a submarine optical cable status monitoring method, the calculation of the optical fiber monitoring signal further includes: Environmental adaptive compensation is performed based on the user's accessibility function selection results.

[0013] Preferably, the environmental adaptive compensation specifically includes: During the process of solving the fiber optic monitoring signal, adaptive seawater depth compensation, remote optical amplifier gain correction and / or redundant optical path switching are performed. Among them, seawater depth adaptive compensation is used to eliminate spurious strain interference caused by seabed pressure; Gain correction of the far-end optical amplifier is used to compensate for the attenuation of optical signals over long spans. Redundant optical path switching is used to quickly switch to the backup optical path when the main monitoring optical path fails or needs maintenance.

[0014] This invention provides a submarine optical cable status monitoring system for implementing a method for monitoring the status of submarine optical cables. The system includes: The laser emitting module is used to emit test laser pulses into the optical fibers of submarine cables; The optical receiving and acquisition module is used to receive backscattered light generated in the optical fiber based on the test laser pulse, and to collect and record the corresponding scattered light information. The signal processing module is used to perform time-domain distributed computation on the collected scattered light information to obtain the fiber optic monitoring signal, and based on the fiber optic monitoring signal, determine the monitoring results of the submarine optical cable. The output module is used to output the monitoring results.

[0015] Preferably, in a submarine optical cable status monitoring system, the signal processing module includes a demodulation processing unit and an analysis unit; The demodulation processing unit is used to perform time-domain distributed computation on the scattered light information to obtain temperature data, strain data and acoustic disturbance data; The analysis unit is used to map temperature data, strain data, and acoustic disturbance data to the fiber optic length position, draw the full-link status curve in real time, and determine whether there are any excessive changes. If present, an alarm is triggered, and the location of the fault is calculated by testing the laser pulse propagation time.

[0016] Preferably, in a submarine optical cable status monitoring system, a human-computer interaction module is also included; The human-computer interaction module is used to allow users to select auxiliary functions or configuration parameters. The auxiliary functions include at least one of seawater depth adaptive compensation, remote optical amplifier gain correction, and redundant optical path switching.

[0017] Preferably, in a submarine optical cable status monitoring system, the optical fiber is a distributed sensing optical fiber; The distributed sensing optical fiber is an existing optical fiber in the submarine optical cable, serving as both a data transmission medium and a sensing medium, and is laid coaxially with the submarine optical cable or embedded in the submarine optical cable structure.

[0018] This invention provides a submarine optical cable status monitoring device, comprising: A laser transmitter used to emit test laser pulses into the optical fibers of submarine cables; A laser receiver is used to receive backscattered light generated in an optical fiber based on a test laser pulse; A processor for executing a submarine optical cable status monitoring method as described in any of the above descriptions; The laser transmitter and laser receiver are integrated into a distributed optical fiber sensing interrogation device, which is installed at the land end of the submarine optical cable and electrically connected to the processor.

[0019] The present invention provides a readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when loaded and executed by a processor, implements a submarine optical cable status monitoring method as described in any of the above.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: Existing technologies rely on complex couplers, reflectors, and isolators to construct loopback paths, resulting in cumbersome system structures, high deployment and maintenance costs, and limitations in loopback coverage, leading to numerous monitoring blind spots in long-span scenarios. This invention uses the submarine optical cable's own fiber as both the transmission and sensing medium. Based on the distributed acousto-optical fiber sensing principle, it utilizes the fiber itself as the sensing medium and combines the global propagation characteristics of Rayleigh, Brillouin, and Raman backscattered light. Without the need for discrete monitoring points or additional coupling devices, it can cover the entire length of the submarine optical cable, completely resolving the pain points of traditional monitoring's partial coverage and blind spots. By leveraging the unique physical properties of three types of backscattered light, this invention calculates three core parameters: acoustic disturbance, temperature change, and strain state. Rayleigh scattering captures acoustic disturbances, Brillouin scattering accurately measures strain, and Raman scattering is unaffected by strain when measuring temperature. Combined with the all-domain perception advantage of distributed sensing, this effectively resists interference from the complex underwater environment, ensuring monitoring stability in long spans and harsh environments. Compared to traditional single-power detection, the three types of scattered light information can complement each other for verification, accurately distinguishing different scenarios such as physical damage, localized heating, and environmental interference. Combined with end-to-end data mapping, fault location accuracy is higher, enabling a more comprehensive capture of the optical cable's operating status and providing multi-dimensional data support for fault tracing. Furthermore, the method described in this invention achieves submarine optical cable monitoring through a simple "transmit-receive-calculate-output" process, eliminating the need for signal splitting and loopback transmission. Monitoring results are output simply by analyzing and calculating the backscattered light signal, significantly simplifying the system architecture and monitoring process, reducing equipment manufacturing, deployment, and maintenance costs, and improving monitoring response efficiency. This achieves an innovative balance between low cost and high efficiency. Moreover, this invention allows for free combination and selection based on the differences in sensitivity of the three backscattered lights to various environmental interferences, making the monitoring signal more resistant to interference from seawater pressure, ocean current vibration, salt spray corrosion, etc., thus ensuring the stability and data reliability of submarine cable fault monitoring in complex seabed scenarios.

[0021] This invention integrates a laser transmitter and receiver into a distributed fiber optic sensing interrogation device, eliminating the need for additional signal switching or loopback hardware. This perfectly complements the distributed, minimalist architecture of this invention, simplifying the overall system design, reducing hardware procurement and assembly costs, and lowering wiring complexity during deployment. It addresses the pain points of traditional solutions, such as complex structures, high costs, and difficult deployment. The laser transmitter of this invention specifically emits high-frequency pulsed laser signals, with concentrated energy and long propagation distances. It can effectively excite Rayleigh, Brillouin, and Raman backscattered light in ultra-long spans (100-150km) of optical cables, ensuring that the scattered light signal strength across the entire link meets the acquisition requirements. This effectively solves the limitations of existing technologies, such as weak monitoring signals and incomplete coverage in long spans. Furthermore, this invention installs the distributed fiber optic sensing interrogation device integrating the laser transmitter and receiver on the land end of the submarine optical cable. Routine inspections, parameter adjustments, and equipment maintenance can all be completed on land, eliminating the need for underwater operations. This significantly shortens the maintenance cycle of submarine optical cable monitoring equipment and reduces maintenance costs and safety risks. Meanwhile, the distributed fiber optic sensing interrogation device is directly electrically connected to the processor, reducing signal transmission loss and delay, and ensuring that the backscattered light acquisition information is quickly and accurately transmitted to the processor. The processor efficiently executes the corresponding submarine optical cable status monitoring method, realizes simultaneous calculation of multiple parameters such as acoustic disturbance, temperature and strain, and, combined with fault location and type determination logic, greatly improves the accuracy and response speed of submarine optical cable fault identification.

[0022] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in this application.

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a physical structure diagram of a submarine optical cable status detection scheme in the prior art; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a submarine optical cable status monitoring method according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a logical architecture diagram of a submarine optical cable status monitoring system according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a physical structure diagram of a submarine optical cable status monitoring device according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0026] This invention provides a method for monitoring the status of submarine optical cables, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes: Step 1: Using monitoring equipment connected to one end of the submarine optical cable, a test laser pulse is emitted into the optical fiber of the submarine cable. The monitoring equipment is a distributed fiber optic sensing interrogation device. Through the laser transmitter in the distributed fiber optic sensing interrogation device, test laser pulses are emitted into the optical fiber of the submarine cable. The laser signal frequency is set to 3kHz and the output power is 15dBm. These parameters can be dynamically adjusted according to the length of the optical cable through the human-machine interaction mode to ensure that backscattered light is effectively excited in the optical fiber of the submarine cable.

[0027] Step 2: Receive the backscattered light signal generated by the test laser pulse in the optical fiber, and collect and record the corresponding scattered light information: The laser receiver in the distributed fiber optic sensing interrogation device receives backscattered light generated by test laser pulses in the optical fiber. First, the backscattered light is filtered by a built-in narrowband filter (center wavelength 1550nm, bandwidth 0.5nm) to remove marine environmental noise and stray light interference, while retaining the characteristic peaks of the backscattered light. Based on the characteristic peaks, targeted acquisition is performed to obtain at least one of the following three types of scattered light information: intensity variation of Rayleigh scattered light, frequency shift characteristics of Brillouin scattered light, and intensity ratio of Stokes and anti-Stokes light in Raman scattered light. This scattered light information corresponds to the type of backscattered light acquired.

[0028] Step 3: Perform time-domain distributed computation on the collected scattered light information to obtain the fiber optic monitoring signal: Based on the intensity variation of Rayleigh scattered light, temporal fluctuation characteristics are obtained, and acoustic disturbance data are obtained by calculation. Specifically, Rayleigh backscattering in the optical fiber is excited by a highly coherent test laser pulse. The minute phase changes caused by external sound waves or vibrations are converted into interference light intensity signals by coherent detection technology. Then, after I / Q orthogonal demodulation and phase difference processing of adjacent time moments, the temporal fluctuation characteristics distributed along the optical fiber are extracted, and finally, high spatiotemporal resolution acoustic disturbance data are obtained by inversion.

[0029] The intensity ratio of Stokes light to anti-Stokes light in Raman scattered light is calculated using a Raman time-domain inversion algorithm to obtain temperature data. Specifically, based on the physical characteristics that anti-Stokes light is highly sensitive to temperature while Stokes light is relatively stable in Raman scattering, the backscattered light intensities of both are collected and the ratio is calculated. The wavelength attenuation difference is eliminated by introducing an optical fiber loss correction algorithm. Finally, the intensity ratio is directly calculated into high-precision distributed temperature data along the optical fiber using the logarithmic inversion formula of the Boltzmann distribution law.

[0030] The Brillouin time-domain inversion algorithm is used to calculate the Brillouin distributed frequency shift. After correction with temperature data, strain data is obtained. Specifically, the Brillouin frequency shift at each position is extracted by scanning the Brillouin gain spectrum and using Lorentz line fitting. Then, the temperature data obtained in the previous step is called up, and the frequency shift component caused by temperature change is subtracted according to the temperature coefficient of the Brillouin frequency shift, thereby eliminating the cross-sensitivity effect of temperature change. Only the frequency shift part caused by mechanical deformation is retained and converted into the final distributed strain data.

[0031] Step 4: Based on the fiber optic monitoring signals, determine and output the monitoring results of the submarine optical cable: The normal range and alarm threshold of the fiber optic detection signal can be preset through the human-computer interaction module; it can be seen that different fiber optic detection signals correspond to different normal ranges and alarm thresholds.

[0032] The submarine optical cable is determined to be faulty in response to any fiber optic monitoring signal exceeding the alarm threshold; for example, when any one of the acoustic disturbance data, temperature data, or strain data exceeds the corresponding alarm threshold, the submarine optical cable is determined to be faulty.

[0033] When a fault exists in the submarine optical cable, the location of the fault point is calculated by testing the laser pulse propagation time. The specific formula for the location of the fault point is as follows: ; Where L is the location distance of the fault point; c is the speed of light; The time difference between transmission and reception is used to test the location of the laser pulse fault point; n is the refractive index of the multiplexed optical fiber used for laser pulse transmission.

[0034] Backscattered light includes at least one of Rayleigh scattering, Brillouin scattering, and Raman scattering.

[0035] In this embodiment, the monitoring results include generating a full-link status curve, a fault location report, and fault handling suggestions, and are simultaneously prompted through audible and visual alarms and remote push notifications.

[0036] In this embodiment, the normal range and alarm thresholds (including instantaneous alarm thresholds and continuous alarm thresholds) can be dynamically adjusted through the human-computer interaction module to adapt to the differentiated needs of different sea areas (e.g., shallow sea, deep sea, etc.) and optical cable types (e.g., G.652D, G.655, etc.).

[0037] When the received backscattered light includes Rayleigh scattering, the fiber optic monitoring signal includes acoustic disturbance data; when the received backscattered light includes Brillouin scattering, the fiber optic monitoring signal includes strain data; when the received backscattered light includes Raman scattering, the fiber optic monitoring signal includes temperature data.

[0038] For example, the present invention can set the normal acoustic disturbance data range to be less than 0.5V, the instantaneous temperature alarm threshold to be a peak value greater than 1.0V (duration greater than or equal to 1ms), and the continuous temperature alarm threshold to be a peak value within 0.8-1.0V (duration greater than or equal to 1s). The normal strain data range is 0-500με, the instantaneous strain alarm threshold is a single sudden change greater than 200με, and the continuous strain alarm threshold is a continuous (greater than or equal to 1h) greater than 800με. The normal temperature range is 5-30℃. The instantaneous temperature alarm threshold is ±5℃ for a sudden change within 10 minutes. The continuous temperature alarm threshold is ±3℃ for a continuous deviation from the normal range for ≥2 hours. The above normal range and alarm threshold values ​​are merely examples and do not limit the scope of protection of this invention.

[0039] During submarine optical cable status monitoring, users can select auxiliary functions through the human-computer interaction module to achieve environmental adaptive compensation for optical fiber monitoring signals, specifically including: During the process of solving the fiber optic monitoring signal, adaptive seawater depth compensation, remote optical amplifier gain correction and / or redundant optical path switching are performed. Among them, seawater depth adaptive compensation is used to eliminate pseudo-strain based on preset pressure-strain coefficient, so that the calculated strain data only reflects the real physical deformation of the optical cable, providing high-quality data support for the accurate judgment of physical damage faults (such as compression and breakage). The remote optical amplifier gain correction is used to reverse-calibrate the signal attenuation using the scattered light intensity of a known reference point (e.g., an optical repeater), ensuring that the amplitude of the scattered light signal at different locations throughout the entire link is uniform and effective. This solves the defects of long-span remote monitoring failure and incomplete coverage in traditional solutions, offsets the impact of long-span optical signal attenuation, and provides a foundation for realizing full-area continuous monitoring of ultra-long-distance optical cables. Redundant optical path switching can quickly switch to the backup optical path when the main optical path fails, is subject to strong interference, or is under maintenance, thus avoiding monitoring interruption. At the same time, it supports the backup optical path to continue working when the main path is under maintenance, without interrupting services. This solves the problems of monitoring shutdown and poor operation and maintenance flexibility in traditional solutions when optical path failure occurs, and greatly improves operation and maintenance efficiency and system availability.

[0040] In this embodiment, the redundant optical path switching function is achieved by relying on the spare optical fiber reserved in the submarine optical cable itself, without the need to lay additional dedicated sensing optical fiber or add physical links; the specifications of the primary optical fiber and the spare optical fiber are consistent, ensuring the consistency and continuity of monitoring parameters after switching.

[0041] Existing technologies rely on complex couplers, reflectors, and isolators to construct loopback paths, resulting in cumbersome system structures, high deployment and maintenance costs, and limitations in loopback coverage, leading to numerous monitoring blind spots in long-span scenarios. This invention uses the submarine optical cable's own fiber as both the transmission and sensing medium. Based on the distributed acousto-optical fiber sensing principle, it utilizes the fiber itself as the sensing medium and combines the global propagation characteristics of Rayleigh, Brillouin, and Raman backscattered light. Without the need for discrete monitoring points or additional coupling devices, it can cover the entire length of the submarine optical cable, completely resolving the pain points of traditional monitoring's partial coverage and blind spots. By leveraging the unique physical properties of three types of backscattered light, this invention calculates three core parameters: acoustic disturbance, temperature change, and strain state. Rayleigh scattering captures acoustic disturbances, Brillouin scattering accurately measures strain, and Raman scattering is unaffected by strain when measuring temperature. Combined with the all-domain perception advantage of distributed sensing, this effectively resists interference from the complex underwater environment, ensuring monitoring stability in long spans and harsh environments. Compared to traditional single-power detection, the three types of scattered light information can complement each other for verification, accurately distinguishing different scenarios such as physical damage, localized heating, and environmental interference. Combined with end-to-end data mapping, fault location accuracy is higher, enabling a more comprehensive capture of the optical cable's operating status and providing multi-dimensional data support for fault tracing. Furthermore, the method described in this invention achieves submarine optical cable monitoring through a simple "transmit-receive-calculate-output" process, eliminating the need for signal splitting and loopback transmission. Monitoring results are output simply by analyzing and calculating the backscattered light signal, significantly simplifying the system architecture and monitoring process, reducing equipment manufacturing, deployment, and maintenance costs, and improving monitoring response efficiency. This achieves an innovative balance between low cost and high efficiency. Moreover, this invention allows for free combination and selection based on the differences in sensitivity of the three backscattered lights to various environmental interferences, making the monitoring signal more resistant to interference from seawater pressure, ocean current vibration, salt spray corrosion, etc., thus ensuring the stability and data reliability of submarine cable fault monitoring in complex seabed scenarios.

[0042] After the laser receiver receives the backscattered light, it first performs filtering to accurately retain the characteristic peaks of the scattered light (e.g., Rayleigh scattering intensity peak, Brillouin scattering frequency shift peak), effectively eliminating useless noise and significantly improving signal purity, providing high-quality raw data for subsequent multi-parameter calculation of scattered light information. Then, it focuses on the specific characteristic peaks (including intensity, frequency shift, and intensity ratio) of each type of scattered light for targeted acquisition, achieving precise separation and quantization of Rayleigh, Brillouin, and Raman scattering information, avoiding cross-interference between different scattered light signals, and solving the defects of information mixing and fuzzy feature extraction in traditional schemes. This effectively improves the independence and accuracy of multi-dimensional parameter calculation of scattered light information. Furthermore, this invention directly filters and acquires features from the backscattered light generated in the optical fiber, eliminating the need for additional loopback transmission and avoiding signal loss and distortion in the loopback path. This simplifies the monitoring process of distributed acoustic-fiber sensing and improves the integrity and reliability of feature information. By extracting time-domain fluctuation features through changes in Rayleigh scattering intensity, acoustic disturbance data is directly calculated, enabling precise capture of vibration events in submarine optical cables. This invention employs the Raman Time-Domain Inversion (ROTDR) algorithm, specifically addressing the physical characteristic that the Stokes and anti-Stokes intensity ratio of Raman scattered light is only temperature-dependent. Completely unaffected by strain changes, it overcomes the shortcomings of traditional temperature measurement methods, such as susceptibility to interference and insufficient accuracy, yielding highly reliable temperature data. Furthermore, the precise temperature data obtained through Raman scattering calculations is used to perform temperature correction on the Brillouin scattering radio frequency shift. Combined with the high-resolution advantage of the Brillouin Time-Domain Inversion (BOTDR) algorithm, this solves the problems of low strain measurement accuracy and inability to capture subtle deformations in traditional methods, resulting in strain data. This invention uses differentiated algorithms to separately calculate three core data types: acoustic disturbance, temperature, and strain. Without additional loopback transmission and signal conversion, it simplifies the monitoring process and avoids signal loss and distortion during transmission. Moreover, each calculated data source is independent and complementary, reducing the complexity and latency of the system calculation. This provides an accurate and comprehensive data source for subsequent multi-parameter cross-validation, fundamentally solving the shortcomings of traditional methods, such as ambiguous fault differentiation and weak traceability. Finally, for the three core monitoring signals—acoustic disturbance, high-precision strain, and temperature—and by combining their pre-set dedicated normal ranges and alarm thresholds (e.g., strain surge > 200 με, temperature surge ± 5℃), fault diagnosis is transformed from indirect inference into quantitative standard judgment, which can significantly reduce the false diagnosis rate of submarine optical cable faults. Furthermore, by utilizing the correlation between the test laser pulse propagation time and the refractive index of the optical fiber, combined with the full-coverage characteristics of distributed sensing, precise fault location is achieved, providing accurate guidance for the rapid repair of faulty submarine optical cables.

[0043] During the monitoring of submarine optical cable status, users can select three auxiliary functions as needed: adaptive seawater depth compensation, remote optical amplifier gain correction, and / or redundant optical path switching. By combining and enabling these three functions, pressure pseudo-strain interference is eliminated, signal attenuation over long spans is offset, and the risk of optical path failure is avoided, thus comprehensively covering the differentiated needs of deep sea, ultra-long spans, and operation and maintenance scenarios.

[0044] In some embodiments, when the submarine optical cable is faulty, the method further includes: Fault type is determined by multi-parameter cross-validation based on at least two of the acoustic disturbance data, temperature data, and strain data. The fault types include optical cable breakage, physical compression, localized overheating, marine organism attachment, and ocean current interference.

[0045] In this embodiment, the logic of the multi-parameter cross-validation includes: If both acoustic disturbance data and high-precision strain exceed the limit instantaneously (greater than their corresponding instantaneous alarm threshold, and the duration is within 1ms-10ms), and the temperature data is within the normal range, the submarine optical cable is determined to be broken. If the strain data momentarily exceeds the limit, and the acoustic disturbance data momentarily exceeds the limit at a low amplitude (the value reaches the continuous alarm threshold standard, and the duration is less than the continuous alarm duration, for example, 1 second), but the temperature data is within the normal range, then the submarine optical cable is determined to be subjected to sudden physical compression. If the strain data continues to exceed the limit (exceeding the strain continuous alarm threshold and the duration is greater than or equal to the continuous strain alarm duration), and the acoustic disturbance data and temperature data are both within the normal range, then the submarine optical cable is determined to be subject to chronic physical compression. If the temperature data momentarily exceeds the limit, while the acoustic disturbance data and strain data are within the normal range, it is determined that the submarine optical cable is experiencing sudden localized heating, which may be due to a repeater short circuit or other issues. If the temperature data continues to exceed the limit (the value reaches the continuous temperature alarm standard and the duration is greater than or equal to the continuous temperature alarm duration), the strain data fluctuates slightly (fluctuates within the range of less than the instantaneous alarm threshold), and the acoustic disturbance data is within the normal range, then the submarine optical cable is determined to be experiencing continuous localized heating, which may be due to equipment aging or other issues. If the acoustic disturbance data continues to fluctuate beyond the limit (the value reaches the continuous temperature alarm threshold standard, but the duration is greater than or equal to the continuous temperature alarm duration), and the strain data and temperature data are both within the normal range, then it is determined that there are marine organisms attached to / colliding with the submarine optical cable. If the acoustic disturbance data shows low-frequency fluctuations (the duration of the numerical fluctuation is greater than or equal to 10 minutes and the fluctuation frequency is less than 50 Hz), the strain data shows slight fluctuations, and the temperature data is within the normal range, then it is determined that the submarine optical cable is being interfered with by ocean currents. If the acoustic disturbance data fluctuates at multiple frequencies (the duration of the numerical fluctuation is within 1-10 minutes and the fluctuation frequency is random and not fixed), and the strain data and temperature data are both within the normal range, then it is determined that the submarine optical cable is interfered with by the acoustic waves of the ship's propeller. If both temperature and strain data momentarily exceed limits, while acoustic disturbance data remain within the normal range, the submarine optical cable is determined to have a low-temperature-induced cable deformation fault.

[0046] This invention, through cross-verification using three parameters—acoustic disturbance, strain, and temperature—precisely classifies various fault / interference types, such as optical cable breakage, physical compression, and localized overheating. It overcomes the shortcomings of traditional solutions, which suffer from unclear fault types and weak tracing capabilities, transforming submarine optical cable maintenance from blind troubleshooting to precise policy implementation. This invention can output comprehensive monitoring results—whether a submarine optical cable is faulty, its precise location, and its specific type—in a single test, eliminating the need for subsequent supplementary testing. This significantly shortens the fault response and repair cycle, providing stronger assurance for the stability of submarine optical cable communication services.

[0047] This invention provides a submarine optical cable status monitoring system, used to implement a submarine optical cable status monitoring method, wherein the system, as shown in the figure... Figure 3 As shown, it includes: a laser emitting module, a light receiving and acquisition module, a signal processing module, and an output module; A laser emission module emits test laser pulses at frequencies between 1kHz and 5kHz (default setting is 3kHz) into the optical fiber of the submarine cable. The output optical power is 15dBm, the center wavelength is 1550nm, and the pulse width is 10ns, ensuring that at least one of the three backscattering types—Rayleigh scattering, Brillouin scattering, and Raman scattering—can be effectively excited in a 100km-150km long span of optical cable. An optical receiving module receives the backscattered light generated in the optical fiber by the test laser pulse emitted by the laser emission module. A built-in narrowband filter (center wavelength 1550nm, bandwidth 0.5nm) is then used to remove marine environmental noise and stray light, retaining the characteristic peak values ​​of the scattered light signal. The corresponding scattered light information (including intensity changes of Rayleigh scattering, frequency shift characteristics of Brillouin scattering, and at least one of the Stokes and anti-Stokes intensity ratios of Raman scattering) is then selectively collected and recorded. The collected raw data is transmitted in real time to the signal processing module via a preset communication interface (e.g., RS485).

[0048] The signal processing module is used to receive the scattered light information collected by the laser emission module, perform time-domain distributed computation on the collected scattered light information to obtain the fiber optic monitoring signal, and determine the monitoring results of the submarine optical cable based on the fiber optic monitoring signal. It includes a demodulation processing unit and an analysis unit. The demodulation processing unit is used to perform time-domain distributed computation on the scattered light information to obtain temperature data, strain data and acoustic disturbance data. Specifically, based on the intensity change of Rayleigh scattered light, the time-domain fluctuation characteristics are obtained and combined with the computation to obtain acoustic disturbance data. The intensity ratio of Stokes light to anti-Stokes light in the Raman scattered light was calculated using the Raman time-domain inversion algorithm to obtain temperature data; The Brillouin time-domain inversion algorithm was used to calculate the Brillouin scattering radio frequency shift, and after correction with temperature data, strain data was obtained.

[0049] The analysis unit is used to map temperature data, strain data, and acoustic disturbance data to the fiber optic length position, plot the full-link status curve in real time, and determine whether there are any excessive changes. If present, an alarm is triggered, and the location of the fault point is calculated by testing the laser pulse propagation time. The specific formula for the location of the fault point is as follows: ; Where L is the location distance of the fault point; c is the speed of light; The test is conducted to measure the time difference between the transmission and reception of laser pulses; n represents the refractive index of the multiplexed optical fiber used for laser pulse transmission. Finally, the output module transmits the fault diagnosis results and fault location information of the submarine optical cable to the operation and maintenance management platform and local display via wireless communication. Simultaneously, fault alarms can be triggered via audible and visual alarms.

[0050] In this embodiment, temperature data, strain data, and acoustic disturbance data are precisely mapped to the fiber length position according to the propagation time of the test laser pulse, and a real-time full-link status curve (including the strain-distance, temperature-distance, and acoustic disturbance-distance mapping relationships of the submarine optical cable) is plotted. This full-link status curve is a continuous and visualized data curve formed by using the physical length of the submarine optical cable (from the land end to the remote end) as the horizontal axis and the core monitoring parameters (strain, temperature, and acoustic disturbance) as the vertical axis. It intuitively displays the overall status of the optical cable (for example, a continuous increase in the strain of a certain fiber indicates a potential breakage risk), making the overall status of the optical cable readily visible, which is beneficial for maintenance personnel to quickly discover local hidden dangers in the submarine optical cable.

[0051] In this embodiment, the frequency of the test laser pulse is 1kHz-5kHz to ensure effective excitation and reception of scattered light in long-span (100km-150km) optical cables.

[0052] This invention achieves end-to-end monitoring of submarine optical cables using only four core modules: a laser emission module, a receiving and acquisition module, a signal processing module, and an output module. It eliminates the need for any loopback paths or redundant hardware, perfectly adapting to the minimalist architecture of distributed acousto-fiber sensing, significantly reducing the difficulty of submarine cable deployment and subsequent maintenance. First, the optical receiving and acquisition module selectively receives Rayleigh, Brillouin, and Raman backscattered light and collects their specific characteristic information. Then, the signal processing module is divided into a demodulation unit and an analysis unit. The demodulation unit focuses on multi-parameter time-domain distributed calculation, while the analysis unit focuses on location mapping and fault diagnosis. This clear division of labor and progressive workflow avoids functional overlap and interference, effectively ensuring real-time processing of massive amounts of data over long spans and shortening the calculation delay of scattered light information. The demodulation unit specifically calculates temperature, strain, and acoustic disturbance data, providing a high-precision, independent data source for subsequent multi-parameter cross-validation, thus providing a reliable foundation for accurate fault identification in submarine optical cables. The analysis unit precisely maps temperature, strain, and acoustic disturbance data to the fiber optic cable length based on the test laser pulse propagation time, generating real-time full-link status curves (including strain-distance, temperature-distance, and acoustic disturbance-distance mapping relationships for the submarine cable). This provides a clear view of the cable's overall status, enabling maintenance personnel to quickly identify potential localized problems. The analysis unit can also automatically match preset alarm thresholds and determine in real-time whether parameters exceed limits. Once an alarm is triggered, it immediately calculates the fault location using the test laser pulse propagation time, achieving integrated automatic identification and precise location of submarine cable faults. This significantly shortens the fault response and repair cycle. Finally, the output module directly outputs the full-dimensional fault monitoring results and supports diverse output formats such as audible and visual alarms and remote push notifications, eliminating the need for subsequent supplementary testing. This further shortens the fault response and repair cycle, solving the problems of blind troubleshooting and low efficiency in traditional maintenance, and effectively reducing communication interruptions in submarine cables.

[0053] In some embodiments, a submarine optical cable status monitoring system further includes: a human-computer interaction module; The human-computer interaction module is used to allow users to select auxiliary functions or configuration parameters. The auxiliary functions include at least one of seawater depth adaptive compensation, remote optical amplifier gain correction, and redundant optical path switching.

[0054] In this embodiment, the auxiliary functions are manually selected by the user according to actual monitoring needs.

[0055] In this embodiment, the configuration parameters include the operating parameters for the entire process of laser emission (e.g., laser pulse frequency, pulse width, output power, laser wavelength, etc.), signal acquisition (e.g., the filtering threshold, sampling frequency, signal gain, etc. of the optical receiving device), data calculation (e.g., the calculation formula coefficients, calibration parameters, etc. of multi-dimensional parameters such as acoustic disturbance, temperature, and strain), and result determination (e.g., the normal range and alarm threshold of acoustic disturbance, temperature, and strain, etc.). These parameters can be flexibly adjusted according to the laying scenario of the submarine optical cable (shallow sea / deep sea, short span / long span) and the type of optical cable.

[0056] This invention allows users to independently select auxiliary functions such as seawater depth adaptive compensation, gain correction, and redundant optical path switching through a human-computer interaction module. For example, pressure compensation can be enabled in deep-sea scenarios, gain correction can be enabled in long-span scenarios, and redundant optical path switching can be enabled during operation and maintenance, so that the system can flexibly match various seabed deployment needs.

[0057] In some embodiments, the signal processing module further includes: The cross-fault verification unit is used to determine the fault type based on multi-parameter cross-verification of the acoustic disturbance data, temperature data, and strain data. The fault types include optical cable breakage, physical compression, localized overheating, marine organism attachment, and ocean current interference.

[0058] In this embodiment, the logic of the multi-parameter cross-validation includes: If both acoustic disturbance data and high-precision strain exceed the limit instantaneously (greater than their corresponding instantaneous alarm threshold, and the duration is within 1ms-10ms), and the temperature data is within the normal range, the submarine optical cable is determined to be broken. If the strain data momentarily exceeds the limit, and the acoustic disturbance data momentarily exceeds the limit at a low amplitude (the value reaches the continuous alarm threshold standard, and the duration is less than the continuous alarm duration, for example, 1 second), but the temperature data is within the normal range, then the submarine optical cable is determined to be subjected to sudden physical compression. If the strain data continues to exceed the limit (exceeding the strain continuous alarm threshold and the duration is greater than or equal to the continuous strain alarm duration), and the acoustic disturbance data and temperature data are both within the normal range, then the submarine optical cable is determined to be subject to chronic physical compression. If the temperature data momentarily exceeds the limit, while the acoustic disturbance data and strain data are within the normal range, it is determined that the submarine optical cable is experiencing sudden localized heating, which may be due to a repeater short circuit or other issues. If the temperature data continues to exceed the limit (the value reaches the continuous temperature alarm standard and the duration is greater than or equal to the continuous temperature alarm duration), the strain data fluctuates slightly (fluctuates within the range of less than the instantaneous alarm threshold), and the acoustic disturbance data is within the normal range, then the submarine optical cable is determined to be experiencing continuous localized heating, which may be due to equipment aging or other issues. If the acoustic disturbance data continues to fluctuate beyond the limit (the value reaches the continuous temperature alarm threshold standard, but the duration is greater than or equal to the continuous temperature alarm duration), and the strain data and temperature data are both within the normal range, then it is determined that there are marine organisms attached to / colliding with the submarine optical cable. If the acoustic disturbance data shows low-frequency fluctuations (the duration of the numerical fluctuation is greater than or equal to 10 minutes and the fluctuation frequency is less than 50 Hz), the strain data shows slight fluctuations, and the temperature data is within the normal range, then it is determined that the submarine optical cable is being interfered with by ocean currents. If the acoustic disturbance data fluctuates at multiple frequencies (the duration of the numerical fluctuation is within 1-10 minutes and the fluctuation frequency is random and not fixed), and the strain data and temperature data are both within the normal range, then it is determined that the submarine optical cable is interfered with by the acoustic waves of the ship's propeller. If both temperature and strain data momentarily exceed limits, while acoustic disturbance data remain within the normal range, the submarine optical cable is determined to have a low-temperature-induced cable deformation fault.

[0059] This invention utilizes a cross-fault verification unit to cross-verify three parameters: acoustic disturbance, strain, and temperature. It precisely subdivides various fault / interference types, such as cable breakage, physical compression, and localized overheating, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional solutions that lack clear fault types and weak tracing capabilities. This transforms submarine cable maintenance from blind troubleshooting to precise policy implementation. This invention can output comprehensive monitoring results—whether a submarine cable is faulty, its precise location, and its specific type—in a single test, eliminating the need for subsequent supplementary testing. This significantly shortens the fault response and repair cycle, providing stronger assurance for the stability of submarine cable communication services.

[0060] In some embodiments, the optical fiber is a distributed sensing optical fiber; The distributed sensing optical fiber is an existing optical fiber in the submarine optical cable, serving as both a data transmission medium and a sensing medium, and is laid coaxially with the submarine optical cable or embedded in the submarine optical cable structure.

[0061] This invention directly reuses existing optical fibers in submarine optical cables as the sensing medium, eliminating the need for additional procurement and laying of dedicated sensing fibers. This significantly reduces hardware procurement and submarine construction costs, while avoiding interference from additional fiber optic cables to the existing submarine cable lines. It overcomes the drawbacks of high cost and difficult deployment associated with existing technologies. This invention allows existing optical fibers to simultaneously perform data transmission and sensing functions, eliminating the need to construct dedicated monitoring links. It perfectly fits the invention's distributed, minimalist architecture, which is free of coupling devices and loopback paths, effectively simplifying the overall system design and signal flow. Furthermore, the reused optical fibers are laid coaxially with or embedded in the structure of the submarine optical cable, completely covering the entire length of the cable (from the land end to the remote end), ensuring that distributed sensing signals can propagate along the entire cable, achieving end-to-end monitoring of the submarine optical cable without blind spots.

[0062] This invention provides a submarine optical cable status monitoring device, such as... Figure 4 As shown, it includes: A laser transmitter used to emit test laser pulses into the optical fibers of submarine cables; A laser receiver is used to receive backscattered light generated in an optical fiber based on a test laser pulse; A processor for executing a submarine optical cable status monitoring method as described in any of the above; The laser transmitter and laser receiver are integrated into a distributed optical fiber sensing interrogation device, which is installed at the land end of the submarine optical cable and electrically connected to the processor.

[0063] This invention integrates a laser transmitter and receiver into a distributed fiber optic sensing interrogation device, eliminating the need for additional signal switching or loopback hardware. This perfectly complements the distributed, minimalist architecture of this invention, simplifying the overall system design, reducing hardware procurement and assembly costs, and lowering wiring complexity during deployment. It addresses the pain points of traditional solutions, such as complex structures, high costs, and difficult deployment. The laser transmitter of this invention specifically emits high-frequency pulsed laser signals, with concentrated energy and long propagation distances. It can effectively excite Rayleigh, Brillouin, and Raman backscattered light in ultra-long spans (100-150km) of optical cables, ensuring that the scattered light signal strength across the entire link meets the acquisition requirements. This effectively solves the limitations of existing technologies, such as weak monitoring signals and incomplete coverage in long spans. Furthermore, this invention installs the distributed fiber optic sensing interrogation device integrating the laser transmitter and receiver on the land end of the submarine optical cable. Routine inspections, parameter adjustments, and equipment maintenance can all be completed on land, eliminating the need for underwater operations. This significantly shortens the maintenance cycle of submarine optical cable monitoring equipment and reduces maintenance costs and safety risks. Meanwhile, the distributed fiber optic sensing interrogation device is directly electrically connected to the processor, reducing signal transmission loss and delay, and ensuring that the backscattered light acquisition information is quickly and accurately transmitted to the processor. The processor efficiently executes the corresponding submarine optical cable status monitoring method, realizes simultaneous calculation of multiple parameters such as acoustic disturbance, temperature and strain, and, combined with fault location and type determination logic, greatly improves the accuracy and response speed of submarine optical cable fault identification.

[0064] The present invention provides a readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when loaded and executed by a processor, implements a submarine optical cable status monitoring method as described in any of the above claims.

[0065] This invention transforms core technical solutions such as decoupled device design, continuous monitoring across the entire link, and synchronous multi-parameter calculation into executable code by storing computer programs for corresponding monitoring methods. Users do not need to have in-depth knowledge of complex logic such as Raman / Brillouin time-domain inversion algorithms and multi-parameter cross-validation. They only need to load the program in the storage medium to enable the hardware device to have core functions such as accurate fault location and type determination, effectively reducing the professional threshold for the application of submarine optical cable status monitoring technology.

[0066] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method of monitoring the condition of a submarine optical cable, characterized by, include: A test laser pulse is emitted into the optical fiber of the submarine cable through a monitoring device connected to one end of the cable. Receive the backscattered light signal generated in the optical fiber based on the test laser pulse, and collect and record the corresponding scattered light information; The collected scattered light information is processed in a time-domain distributed manner to obtain the fiber optic monitoring signal; Based on fiber optic monitoring signals, the monitoring results of submarine optical cables are determined and output.

2. The method for monitoring the status of submarine optical cables according to claim 1, characterized in that: Backscattered light signals include at least one of Rayleigh scattering, Brillouin scattering, and Raman scattering.

3. A method of monitoring the condition of a submarine optical cable according to claim 1, wherein, Receive the backscattered light signal generated in the optical fiber by the test laser pulse, and collect and record the corresponding scattered light information, including: The received backscattered light is filtered to retain the characteristic peak values ​​of the scattered light signal; Based on the aforementioned characteristic peaks, scattered light information is collected to obtain at least one of the following: intensity variation of Rayleigh scattered light, frequency shift characteristics of Brillouin scattered light, and intensity ratio of Stokes and anti-Stokes light in Raman scattered light.

4. The method for monitoring the status of submarine optical cables according to claim 1, characterized in that, Analyzing the collected scattered light information to obtain the fiber optic monitoring signal includes at least one of the following steps: Based on the intensity variation of Rayleigh scattered light, time-domain fluctuation characteristics are obtained, and acoustic perturbation data are obtained by combining the solution. The intensity ratio of Stokes light to anti-Stokes light in the Raman scattered light was calculated using the Raman time-domain inversion algorithm to obtain temperature data; The Brillouin time-domain inversion algorithm was used to calculate the Brillouin scattering radio frequency shift, and after correction with temperature data, strain data was obtained.

5. The method for monitoring the status of submarine optical cables according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on fiber optic monitoring signals, the monitoring results of submarine optical cables are determined and output, including: The normal range and alarm threshold of the fiber optic monitoring signal are set; wherein, the fiber optic monitoring signal includes at least one of acoustic disturbance data, temperature data and strain data; In response to at least one fiber optic monitoring signal exceeding the alarm threshold, a fault is determined in the submarine optical cable, and the location of the fault point is calculated by testing the laser pulse propagation time.

6. The method for monitoring the status of a submarine optical cable according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fiber optic monitoring signal includes acoustic disturbance data, temperature data, and strain data. After the step of determining that the submarine optical cable has a fault, the method further includes: The fault type is determined by multi-parameter cross-validation based on the acoustic disturbance data, temperature data, and strain data; wherein the fault types include optical cable breakage, physical compression, localized heating, marine organism attachment, and ocean current interference.

7. The method for monitoring the status of submarine optical cables according to claim 1, characterized in that, The processing of fiber optic monitoring signals also includes: Environmental adaptive compensation is performed based on the user's accessibility function selection results.

8. The method for monitoring the status of submarine optical cables according to claim 7, characterized in that, Environmental adaptive compensation specifically includes: During the process of solving the fiber optic monitoring signal, adaptive seawater depth compensation, remote optical amplifier gain correction and / or redundant optical path switching are performed. Among them, seawater depth adaptive compensation is used to eliminate spurious strain interference caused by seabed pressure; Gain correction of the far-end optical amplifier is used to compensate for the attenuation of optical signals over long spans. Redundant optical path switching is used to quickly switch to the backup optical path when the main monitoring optical path fails or needs maintenance.

9. A submarine optical cable status monitoring system, characterized in that, For implementing the submarine optical cable status monitoring method as described in any one of claims 1-8, the system comprises: The laser emitting module is used to transmit test laser pulse signals into the optical fibers of submarine cables; The optical receiving and acquisition module is used to receive backscattered light generated in the optical fiber based on the test laser pulse signal, and to collect and record the corresponding scattered light information. The signal processing module is used to perform time-domain distributed computation on the collected scattered light information to obtain the fiber optic monitoring signal, and based on the fiber optic monitoring signal, determine the monitoring results of the submarine optical cable. The output module is used to output the monitoring results.

10. A submarine optical cable status monitoring system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The signal processing module includes a demodulation processing unit and an analysis unit; The demodulation processing unit is used to perform time-domain distributed computation on the scattered light information to obtain at least one of temperature data, strain data and acoustic disturbance data. The analysis unit is used to map temperature data, strain data, and acoustic disturbance data to the fiber optic length position, draw the full-link status curve in real time, and determine whether there are any excessive changes. If present, an alarm is triggered, and the location of the fault is calculated by testing the laser pulse propagation time.

11. A submarine optical cable status monitoring system according to claim 9, characterized in that, Also includes: Human-computer interaction module; The human-computer interaction module is used to allow users to select auxiliary functions or configuration parameters. The auxiliary functions include at least one of seawater depth adaptive compensation, remote optical amplifier gain correction, and redundant optical path switching.

12. A submarine optical cable status monitoring system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The optical fiber is a distributed sensing optical fiber; The distributed sensing optical fiber is an existing optical fiber in the submarine optical cable, serving as both a data transmission medium and a sensing medium, and is laid coaxially with the submarine optical cable or embedded in the submarine optical cable structure.

13. A submarine optical cable status monitoring device, characterized in that, include: A laser transmitter used to emit test laser pulses into the optical fibers of submarine cables; A laser receiver is used to receive backscattered light generated in an optical fiber based on a test laser pulse; A processor for executing a submarine optical cable status monitoring method as described in any one of claims 1-8; The laser transmitter and laser receiver are integrated into a distributed optical fiber sensing interrogation device, which is installed at the land end of the submarine optical cable and electrically connected to the processor.

14. A readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer storage medium stores a computer program, which, when loaded and executed by a processor, implements a submarine optical cable status monitoring method as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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