A high-bandwidth high-speed photoelectric hybrid electrical system and information transmission method suitable for airborne photoelectric

Abstract

This invention discloses a high-bandwidth, high-speed optoelectronic hybrid electrical system and information transmission method suitable for airborne optoelectronics. The system includes an airborne end, a payload end, and a single-core optical fiber and an optical fiber bus ring connecting the airborne end and the payload end. The system uses wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology to multiplex the power supply laser and multiple data optical signals onto the same single-core optical fiber for transmission, achieving integrated bidirectional transmission of energy and data. The system eliminates parasitic phase noise introduced by the thermo-optical effect of the power supply laser through two-stage suppression: PID power regulation and reference tone coherent phase compensation. It achieves static and dynamic dual-level dispersion management through dispersion pre-compensation and dynamic polarization compensation. It uses an optical time-domain reflectometer for online monitoring and corrects the BAZ model to predict the remaining lifetime of the optical fiber. This invention solves the problem of simultaneously achieving stable power supply and high-bandwidth bidirectional data transmission within a limited space for airborne rotating optoelectronic payloads, and has the advantages of small size, strong anti-interference, and high reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the intersection of airborne power systems and optical communication technology, specifically to a high-bandwidth, high-speed optoelectronic hybrid electrical system and information transmission method suitable for airborne optoelectronics. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of UAV and aircraft technology, airborne optoelectronic systems are placing higher demands on electrical architecture, and these systems are evolving towards higher integration, lighter weight, and higher reliability. Under the constraints of limited space and payload in aircraft, how to achieve miniaturized power transmission and high-bandwidth data exchange between multiple devices has become a critical problem that urgently needs to be solved.

[0003] Currently, power transmission and data communication in airborne systems often employ independent architectures. Power supply typically relies on power cables for transmission, which presents significant electromagnetic interference problems and requires considerable space for cabling, making it difficult to meet the stringent design requirements of aircraft for lightweight design and strong anti-interference capabilities. Regarding data transmission, although optical communication technology has been gradually applied to airborne environments due to its advantages such as high bandwidth and resistance to electromagnetic interference, existing optical transmission systems often focus solely on achieving high-bandwidth data exchange functions and cannot simultaneously provide power to front-end payload equipment.

[0004] In particular, in airborne optoelectronic payload applications, front-end sensors and imaging equipment typically need to have continuous rotation capabilities to achieve wide-area detection. If the power supply lines and information transmission cables are independent and numerous, it will result in a large number of cables passing through rotating components (such as bus rings) and complex wiring, making it difficult to achieve stable and reliable connections within a limited space, and failing to meet the dual requirements of small system size and high bandwidth.

[0005] To address the problems associated with cable-based power supply, laser power supply technology has been introduced in existing technologies. This involves transmitting laser energy to airborne low-power devices via optical fiber, where it is converted into electrical energy by photovoltaic cells. However, existing laser power supply and information transmission solutions have significant limitations: First, laser energy transmission and data communication typically require separate optical fiber links. Especially when a bus loop is needed in the transmission path for rotational connections, the number of optical fibers increases exponentially, significantly increasing the complexity and size of the system cabling, which contradicts the space-efficient design philosophy of aircraft. Second, attempting to simultaneously achieve laser power supply and signal carrier transmission in a single optical fiber is highly susceptible to wavelength overlap or interference from laser power, severely limiting data transmission bandwidth. Currently, it typically only supports speeds below 100 Mbps, and the stability of laser power supply is also affected, thus failing to meet the synchronous requirements of airborne optoelectronic equipment for high-bandwidth data interaction and stable laser power supply.

[0006] Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology, based on its wavelength differentiation and parallel transmission mechanism, has become a key technology in the communications field for improving transmission capacity, optimizing system costs, and achieving multi-service convergence. In special communication scenarios such as aerospace, maritime, and rail transportation, WDM technology, with its significant characteristic of multiple channels per fiber, provides an effective path to meet the demands of limited cabling space and high interference resistance in complex electromagnetic environments. However, the mature application of WDM technology in airborne environments and the realization of a solution for integrated power supply and high-speed data synchronous transmission still face technical challenges in the current technology landscape.

[0007] On the one hand, when a high-power laser (e.g., several watts to tens of watts) and a high-speed data optical signal are transmitted in parallel through wavelength division multiplexing in a single-core optical fiber, even if linear crosstalk is avoided through wavelength isolation, the weak thermal effect caused by residual absorption of the fiber material by the laser will still cause dynamic fluctuations in the fiber core refractive index. This thermo-optical effect induces parasitic phase modulation, which affects the data optical signal transmitted along the same fiber, causing the bit error rate of the data channel to intermittently deteriorate with fluctuations in the laser power and changes in rotational conditions. Existing solutions generally only focus on wavelength isolation, neglecting this parasitic modulation mechanism indirectly transmitted through the thermal field, and have not provided corresponding solutions.

[0008] On the other hand, fiber optic bus rings, as rotating optical connection devices between rotating components, often contain dispersive elements such as Dowell prisms and free-space optical paths. Different wavelengths of optical signals exhibit varying optical path lengths and losses when passing through the bus ring. During rotation, the periodic variations in bearing runout and collimator gap amplify this wavelength-dependent dispersion mismatch, manifesting as significant wavelength correlation in insertion loss fluctuations and polarization mode dispersion across different wavelength channels. This leads to unbalanced and degraded multi-channel data transmission performance. Existing fiber optic bus ring designs typically assume transparency to all wavelengths and do not provide compensation mechanisms for rotation-induced dispersion mismatch.

[0009] Furthermore, the optical fiber is constantly bent within the bus ring, simultaneously subjected to the optical field of a high-power laser, bending stress, and rotational alternating stress. These three factors generate synergistic optical-thermal-mechanical degradation at defects such as microcracks in the fiber, leading to the accumulation of micro-damage and inducing slow degradation and sudden breakage of the fiber's performance. Existing technologies typically treat the power tolerance of the fiber and the mechanical reliability of the bus ring as independent issues, neglecting the synergistic degradation of high-power optical fields and dynamic mechanical stress at micro-defects, and lacking fiber health management and lifetime prediction methods specifically for this operating condition.

[0010] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new integrated power supply and information transmission solution that can meet the comprehensive requirements of airborne applications for miniaturization, simplified transmission path, high-bandwidth data transmission, weak electromagnetic radiation, and strong anti-interference capabilities, while effectively addressing the aforementioned problems such as thermally induced parasitic modulation, rotational dispersion mismatch, and micro-damage accumulation. Summary of the Invention

[0011] To overcome the shortcomings of existing airborne electrical systems in terms of size, weight, bandwidth, and anti-interference capability, this invention provides a high-bandwidth, high-speed optoelectronic hybrid electrical system and information transmission method suitable for airborne optoelectronics. Its core objective is to solve the problem of achieving stable power supply and high-bandwidth bidirectional data transmission simultaneously in a limited space for airborne equipment, especially optoelectronic loads that require continuous rotation. It also overcomes the problems of parasitic modulation, dispersion mismatch, and micro-damage accumulation introduced by high-power lasers and dynamic rotation conditions, so as to meet the urgent needs of aircraft for system miniaturization, lightweighting, high reliability, and high environmental adaptability.

[0012] The technical solution of this invention is as follows:

[0013] On one hand, the present invention provides a high-bandwidth, high-speed optoelectronic hybrid electrical system suitable for airborne optoelectronics, including an airborne end, a load end, and a single-core optical fiber and an optical fiber bus ring connecting the airborne end and the load end; the optical fiber bus ring is connected in series in the transmission path of the single-core optical fiber to realize a rotating optical connection between the airborne end and the load end;

[0014] The airborne terminal includes:

[0015] A laser is used to generate continuous laser light for power supply, converting electrical energy provided by the airborne power supply into optical energy.

[0016] An airborne wavelength division multiplexing unit is used to couple the power supply laser output by the laser to the single-core optical fiber, and to demultiplex the data optical signal transmitted from the payload end from the bundled light transmitted from the single-core optical fiber.

[0017] The information processing unit is used to convert the demultiplexed optical data signals into electrical signals and process them via the information exchange card.

[0018] The load end includes:

[0019] The payload-end wavelength division multiplexing unit is used to separate the power supply laser from the bundled light transmitted from the single-core optical fiber, and to multiplex the data optical signal generated at the payload end into the single-core optical fiber.

[0020] Photovoltaic cells are used to convert the separated laser power into direct current to power the sensors at the load end;

[0021] The sensor unit is used to generate sensing data and convert electrical signals into optical signals of a specific wavelength through a signal conversion card.

[0022] The system uses wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology to multiplex power supply laser and multiple data optical signals into the same single-core optical fiber for transmission, achieving integrated bidirectional transmission of energy and data.

[0023] The laser, the airborne wavelength division multiplexing unit, the single-core optical fiber, the optical fiber bus ring, the payload wavelength division multiplexing unit, and the photovoltaic cell constitute a power supply subsystem; the sensor unit, the payload wavelength division multiplexing unit, the single-core optical fiber, the optical fiber bus ring, the airborne wavelength division multiplexing unit, and the information processing unit constitute a data transmission and processing subsystem; the power supply subsystem and the data transmission and processing subsystem share the airborne wavelength division multiplexing unit, the single-core optical fiber, the optical fiber bus ring, and the payload wavelength division multiplexing unit to achieve integrated transmission of energy and data.

[0024] Furthermore, the airborne end also includes a laser drive control module; the payload end also includes a power supply laser monitoring module; the input end of the power supply laser monitoring module is connected to one output end of the payload end wavelength division multiplexing unit, for real-time detection of power fluctuations of the power supply laser emitted from the single-core fiber, and transmitting the power fluctuation monitoring data back to the airborne end via the payload end wavelength division multiplexing unit and the single-core fiber; the input end of the laser drive control module is connected to the information processing unit, for receiving the returned power fluctuation monitoring data, and its output end is connected to the laser, for dynamically adjusting the output power of the laser according to the power fluctuation monitoring data, so as to compensate for parasitic phase modulation caused by the thermal effect of the power supply laser in the transmission link.

[0025] Furthermore, the airborne end also includes a reference tone superposition module, whose input end is connected to the output end of the laser, for superimposing a low-frequency perturbation tone on the power supply laser; the payload end also includes a coherent phase compensation module, whose input end is connected to the power supply laser beam splitting port of the payload end wavelength division multiplexing unit, for extracting the instantaneous phase of the perturbation tone from the power supply laser through photoelectric detection and IQ demodulation, which is the parasitic phase noise introduced by the thermo-optic effect; the output end of the coherent phase compensation module is connected to the signal conversion card, for outputting phase compensation control data to the signal conversion card according to the phase compensation amount of each wavelength channel, and the phase modulator in the signal conversion card applies phase pre-compensation to the generated uplink data optical signal and applies phase post-compensation to the received downlink data optical signal.

[0026] The power supply laser monitoring module, the laser drive control module, the reference tone superposition module, and the coherent phase compensation module together form a thermally induced parasitic modulation suppression subsystem, which is used to compensate for the parasitic phase modulation of the data optical signal introduced by the power supply laser in a single-core optical fiber through the thermo-optic effect.

[0027] Furthermore, the airborne end also includes a dispersion pre-compensation module and a dynamic polarization compensation module; the load end also includes a polarization mode dispersion monitoring module; one wavelength is selected as a reference wavelength among the multiple data wavelength channels, and the optical signal of the reference wavelength is the optical signal of the corresponding downlink data channel transmitted from the airborne end through the single-core optical fiber and the optical fiber bus ring to the load end; the dispersion pre-compensation module is disposed on the downlink transmission branch of each wavelength channel inside the wavelength division multiplexing unit of the airborne end, located between each downlink optical transmission module and the wavelength division multiplexing multiplexing port, and is used to change the reflection position of each wavelength in the chirped grating by adjusting the grating period and effective refractive index of the adjustable fiber Bragg grating dispersion compensator according to the preset adjustable dispersion compensation amount, so that the group delay provided by the grating for each downlink wavelength channel is equal in magnitude and opposite in sign to the inherent group delay difference of the corresponding channel, and only performs dispersion pre-compensation on the downlink data optical signal; the input end of the polarization mode dispersion monitoring module is connected to the load end One output of the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) unit is connected to a device for real-time detection of the polarization mode dispersion (PMD) change of the downlink reference wavelength optical signal after passing through the fiber optic bus loop. The PMD monitoring data is then transmitted back to the airborne end via the load-side WDM unit and the single-core fiber. The input of the dynamic polarization compensation module is connected to the airborne WDM unit to receive the transmitted PMD monitoring data. Based on the frequency ratio of each downlink wavelength to the reference wavelength, the module calculates the dynamic PMD increment of each downlink wavelength channel. This increment is then added to the preset PMD compensation amount statically calibrated for each channel to obtain the total polarization compensation amount. A multi-channel polarization control drive signal is output and applied to the polarization control execution unit on the transmit branch of each downlink wavelength channel within the airborne WDM unit. Dynamic polarization compensation is applied only to the downlink data optical signal to counteract rotation-induced wavelength-dependent dispersion mismatch. The polarization mode dispersion of the uplink data signal is compensated at the airborne receiving end through electrical adaptive equalization or post-compensation in the optical domain.

[0028] The dispersion pre-compensation module, the dynamic polarization compensation module, and the polarization mode dispersion monitoring module together form a rotational dispersion compensation subsystem, used to compensate for the differential dispersion introduced by the fiber optic bus ring to data optical signals of different wavelengths under different rotational states. The compensation amount of the dispersion pre-compensation module is determined by static calibration after system assembly and remains unchanged during operation, only being recalibrated and updated during ground maintenance; the compensation amount of the dynamic polarization compensation module is updated in real time at a preset frequency; the two modules respectively address the static intrinsic group delay difference and rotation-induced dynamic PMD fluctuations, synergistically achieving dispersion management at both static and dynamic levels.

[0029] Furthermore, the airborne terminal also includes an optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) monitoring module, an optical fiber lifetime prediction module, and an early warning module. The ODR monitoring module is connected to the airborne wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) unit and is used to transmit probe pulses to the single-core optical fiber, receive and analyze the returned backscattered and reflected signals, and extract the scattering intensity drift of the bent section as a micro-damage index. The input of the optical fiber lifetime prediction module is connected to the output of the ODR monitoring module and is used to calculate the remaining lifetime of the optical fiber using a thermo-mechanical-optical coupling acceleration model based on the fiber bending radius, power supply laser, rotation speed, ambient temperature, and the micro-damage index. The input of the early warning module is connected to the output of the optical fiber lifetime prediction module and is used to issue a maintenance warning when the monitored micro-damage index or predicted remaining lifetime is lower than a preset threshold.

[0030] The optical time domain reflectometer monitoring module, the optical fiber lifetime prediction module, and the early warning module together form an optical fiber health management subsystem, which is used to monitor and predict the health status of optical fibers under the dual stress of rotation and high-power laser power supply.

[0031] In a further preferred embodiment, the laser output wavelength is 1064nm; a coupling integrating sphere cavity is provided between the photovoltaic cell and the power supply laser output terminal of the load-end wavelength division multiplexing unit to improve the light energy conversion efficiency.

[0032] In a further preferred embodiment, the signal conversion card can convert multiple signals from Cameralink, SDI, Gigabit / 10 Gigabit Ethernet, CAN bus, MIL-STD-1553B, RS422, and RS485 into optical signals of different wavelengths.

[0033] In a further preferred embodiment, the airborne wavelength division multiplexing unit and the payload wavelength division multiplexing unit adopt a wavelength partitioning strategy, allocating an independent unidirectional transmission wavelength for the power supply channel and an independent bidirectional transmission wavelength for each of the multiple data channels.

[0034] In a further preferred embodiment, the wavelength partitioning is specifically as follows: the power supply channel occupies a wavelength of 1064nm; the data channel occupies multiple wavelengths from 1271nm, 1331nm, 1351nm, 1391nm, 1431nm, 1471nm, 1511nm and 1551nm, respectively used for transmitting different types of communication and video signals.

[0035] In a further preferred embodiment, the single-core optical fiber is a special optical fiber capable of carrying high-power lasers, including quartz glass optical fiber, hollow-core optical fiber, or double-clad optical fiber; the optical fiber bus ring can realize a 360-degree continuous rotating optical connection between the airborne end and the load end.

[0036] On the other hand, the present invention provides an information transmission method applicable to the above-mentioned optoelectronic hybrid electrical system, the system including an airborne end, a load end, and a single-core optical fiber and an optical fiber bus ring connecting the airborne end and the load end, the method including the following steps:

[0037] Step 1: Power supply startup steps: The laser energy output by the airborne laser is superimposed with low-frequency perturbation tone by the reference tone superposition module, and then coupled into the single-core optical fiber through the airborne wavelength division multiplexing unit. It is transmitted to the load end through the optical fiber bus ring. After being separated by the load end wavelength division multiplexing unit, it is homogenized by the coupling integrating sphere cavity and then illuminates the photovoltaic cell. The photovoltaic cell converts the light energy into DC power to power the sensor unit.

[0038] Step 2: Status reporting and monitoring data feedback steps: After the load-side sensor unit is powered on, it converts the status information into uplink data optical signals through the signal conversion card. After being coupled by the load-side wavelength division multiplexing unit, the signals are transmitted back to the airborne end through a single-core optical fiber and an optical fiber bus ring. After being decoupled by the airborne wavelength division multiplexing unit, the information processing unit processes and monitors the data.

[0039] Meanwhile, the power monitoring module of the power supply laser at the load end detects the power fluctuation of the power supply laser in real time and transmits the power fluctuation monitoring data back to the airborne end through the wavelength division multiplexing unit and single-core fiber at the load end; the polarization mode dispersion monitoring module at the load end detects the change in polarization mode dispersion of the downlink reference wavelength optical signal after passing through the fiber optic bus loop in real time and transmits the polarization mode dispersion monitoring data back to the airborne end through the wavelength division multiplexing unit and single-core fiber at the load end.

[0040] Step 3: Command Issuance and Dynamic Compensation Execution Steps: The airborne terminal generates control commands and converts them into downlink data optical signals through the information exchange card. After being coupled by the airborne terminal wavelength division multiplexing unit, the signals are transmitted to the load end through a single-core optical fiber and an optical fiber bus ring. After being decoupled by the load end wavelength division multiplexing unit, the signals are demodulated by the signal conversion card to control the operation of the sensor.

[0041] While this step is being performed, the following dynamic compensation operations are also being executed: The airborne laser drive control module dynamically adjusts the output power of the laser based on the power fluctuation monitoring data returned from step 2 to compensate for the parasitic phase modulation caused by the thermal effect of the power supply laser in the transmission link; simultaneously, the coherent phase compensation module at the payload end calculates the phase compensation amount for each wavelength channel based on the instantaneous phase of the low-frequency perturbation tone extracted from the power supply laser through photoelectric detection and IQ demodulation by the reference tone superposition module, and outputs the phase compensation control data to the signal conversion card, which applies phase pre-compensation to the uplink data optical signal and phase post-compensation to the downlink data optical signal; the airborne dynamic polarization compensation module calculates the dynamic PMD increment of each downlink wavelength channel based on the polarization mode dispersion monitoring data returned from step 2, adds it to the preset PMD compensation amount statically calibrated for each channel, and outputs a multi-channel polarization control drive signal, which acts on the polarization control execution unit on the transmission branch of each downlink wavelength channel inside the airborne wavelength division multiplexing unit to apply dynamic polarization compensation to the downlink data optical signal;

[0042] Step 4: Data backhaul step: The load-side sensor unit operates according to the control command received in step 3 and the preset program and mode settings. The high-bandwidth data generated is converted into uplink data optical signal through the signal conversion card, coupled through the load-side wavelength division multiplexing unit, and transmitted back to the airborne end through a single-core optical fiber and an optical fiber bus ring. The polarization mode dispersion of the uplink data signal is compensated at the airborne end receiving side through electrical adaptive equalization or post-compensation in the optical domain.

[0043] Step 5: Processing, Distribution, and Health Management: The onboard information processing unit performs photoelectric conversion, routing, and distribution on the received multiple optical signals, and the distributed computing unit completes the information processing.

[0044] Simultaneously with this step or at a preset cycle, fiber health management operations are performed: the onboard optical time-domain reflectometer monitoring module transmits probe pulses to the single-core fiber, receives and analyzes the backscattered and reflected signals returned from the bent section, and extracts the scattering intensity drift as the micro-damage index; the fiber lifetime prediction module calculates the predicted remaining lifetime of the fiber using a thermo-mechanical-optical coupling acceleration model based on the fiber bending radius, power supply laser, rotation speed, ambient temperature, and the micro-damage index; when the predicted remaining lifetime or micro-damage index is lower than a preset threshold, the early warning module issues a maintenance warning.

[0045] In a further preferred embodiment, during the data backhaul step, the high-bandwidth video signal and the low-speed control signal are converted into optical signals of different wavelengths and transmitted in parallel in a single-core optical fiber using wavelength division multiplexing technology, without interfering with each other.

[0046] Beneficial effects

[0047] Compared with traditional power supply and information separation transmission schemes and laser wireless transmission schemes, this invention has the following advantages:

[0048] 1. This invention utilizes wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology to synchronously transmit laser energy and multi-channel high-speed data over a single-core optical fiber, achieving integrated power supply and data transmission. This significantly reduces the number of system cables and wiring complexity, lowers the design difficulty and size of the bus ring, improves system integration, and meets the space-constrained design requirements of aircraft.

[0049] 2. This invention employs a combination of "single-core optical fiber + optical fiber bus ring," providing an efficient and flexible energy and signal transmission solution for payload devices requiring 360° continuous rotation. Simultaneously, it avoids the multi-stage photoelectric conversion, homogenizing lens, and real-time alignment mechanism necessary for laser wireless free-space transmission, simplifying the system composition and making it more suitable for the miniaturization, simplification, and high reliability requirements of airborne environments.

[0050] 3. This invention utilizes a wavelength partitioning strategy based on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to physically isolate the power supply channel from the data channel, effectively avoiding power interference and crosstalk between the energy signal and the data signal. Simultaneously, it employs a thermally induced parasitic modulation suppression subsystem to address the indirect degradation of the data signal caused by the thermo-optic effect of high-power laser power supply. This subsystem achieves first-stage suppression through PID closed-loop power control and second-stage residual phase noise elimination through reference tone coherence phase compensation, achieving a total suppression ratio of over 20dB. Experiments show that under typical operating conditions of a 10W laser power supply, a 10Gbps data rate, and 30m single-mode fiber, the bit error rate of the data channel without suppression measures is significantly lower than that without a laser power supply. Deterioration to After adopting the adaptive power regulation of the present invention, it recovers to After combining with reference pitch phase compensation, it is further restored to This ensures high-speed and stable parallel transmission of communication commands and high-bandwidth video signals.

[0051] 4. This invention addresses the dispersion mismatch problem induced by the rotation of fiber optic bus rings by proposing a rotational dispersion compensation scheme. It introduces the concept of a reference wavelength, using a dispersion pre-compensation module to resolve the static intrinsic group delay difference of each wavelength, and a rotation-induced dynamic polarization mode dispersion fluctuation through real-time polarization mode dispersion monitoring and a dynamic polarization compensation module. These two modules work together to achieve dual-level dispersion management, addressing both static and dynamic aspects. Experimental tests show that at a rotation speed of 120 rpm, the power fluctuation of the uncompensated 1551nm wavelength channel reaches ±0.8 dB, while the 1271nm channel only shows ±0.2 dB, exhibiting a clear wavelength dependence. After employing the dispersion pre-compensation and dynamic polarization compensation of this invention, the power fluctuation of each wavelength channel is reduced to within ±0.15 dB, and the bit error rate fluctuation range is reduced from the uncompensated range. convergence to The transmission performance of each channel tends to be balanced.

[0052] 5. This invention addresses the problem of micro-damage accumulation caused by the coupling of high-power optical fields and rotating mechanical stress. It establishes an optical fiber health management subsystem, using an optical time-domain reflectometer to periodically scan and obtain the scattering intensity drift in the bent section as a micro-damage index. This is combined with a modified Boltzmann-Arrhenius-Zurkov constitutive model to predict the remaining lifetime of the optical fiber. This modified model introduces an optical-mechanical coupling coefficient. The power supply laser is equivalent to additional thermal stress, and a rotational acceleration factor is introduced. Reflecting alternating stress and introducing a damage dependence function This invention reflects the impact of current micro-damage status on remaining lifetime, forming a predictive framework coupled with four factors: mechanical stress, photothermal stress, rotational alternation, and current damage. Accelerated life testing results show that, under conditions of a bending radius of 30 mm, a power supply of 10 W laser, a rotation speed of 120 rpm, and 25 °C, the mean time to failure of ordinary single-mode fiber is only about 500 hours; while, by using the double-clad fiber of this invention and enabling the health management subsystem, micro-damage can be identified and maintenance warnings issued approximately 200 hours in advance, effectively increasing the safe operating time to over 2000 hours, meeting the stringent reliability requirements of long-endurance airborne missions.

[0053] 6. This invention completely replaces traditional cable power supply with fiber optic transmission, eliminating the electromagnetic radiation and electromagnetic susceptibility problems of cables and providing strong anti-interference capabilities. The lightweight design of the system helps improve the overall performance of the aircraft, while the all-optical transmission path exhibits higher reliability and environmental adaptability than cable connections when facing complex airborne environments such as vibration and corrosion.

[0054] 7. The system architecture proposed in this invention possesses high flexibility and compatibility, adaptable to various types of airborne sensors and mainstream data transmission protocols. Functional integration and upgrades can be achieved without significant modifications to existing airborne platforms, facilitating widespread application on various UAVs and aircraft, and demonstrating excellent future scalability.

[0055] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0056] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0057] Figure 1 This invention provides a schematic diagram of a high-bandwidth, high-speed optoelectronic hybrid electrical system suitable for airborne optoelectronic applications.

[0058] Figure 2 : A schematic diagram of the power supply subsystem provided by this invention;

[0059] Figure 3 : A schematic diagram of the data transmission and processing subsystem provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. These embodiments are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0061] The role of airborne optoelectronic systems is to image the external environment along with the platform. Airborne electrical systems are used for power supply, command and data interaction between the flight platform and the optoelectronic payload, and are one of the essential interfaces for the airborne mission system to interface with the payload. With the rapid development of UAV technology, airborne electrical systems are developing towards high integration, lightweight, and high reliability. This invention mainly addresses the problem of simultaneously achieving power supply and high-bandwidth information transmission in small-volume, lightweight systems under space and weight constraints in airborne applications. It provides a high-bandwidth, high-speed optoelectronic hybrid electrical system and information transmission method suitable for airborne optoelectronics. Using a single-core optical fiber as the energy and information carrier, multiple bidirectional information channels and power supply laser quantities are coupled to the single-core optical fiber using wavelength division multiplexing to achieve integrated energy and information transmission. At the same time, the single-core optical fiber and the bus ring are combined to realize the transmission of laser energy and high-bandwidth information between the airborne end and the payload end, enabling free rotation of the airborne end and the payload end of the electrical system, reducing the volume and weight requirements caused by multi-stage optoelectronic conversion and optical alignment in free space optical transmission. Through the status monitoring and coordinated operation of the airborne end and the payload end, sensor control and the generation, transmission and distribution processing of high-bandwidth information are realized. Furthermore, this invention provides an integrated solution to problems such as parasitic modulation, dispersion mismatch, and micro-damage accumulation introduced by high-power lasers and rotating components.

[0062] like Figure 1 As shown, the high-bandwidth, high-speed optoelectronic hybrid electrical system for airborne optoelectronics proposed in this invention includes an airborne end, a load end, and a single-core optical fiber and an optical fiber bus ring connecting the airborne end and the load end; the optical fiber bus ring is connected in series in the transmission path of the single-core optical fiber to realize the rotating optical connection between the airborne end and the load end.

[0063] The system comprises a laser, an airborne wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) unit, a single-core optical fiber, an optical fiber combiner ring, a payload-side WDM unit, and a photovoltaic cell, forming a power supply subsystem. A sensor unit, a payload-side WDM unit, a single-core optical fiber, an optical fiber combiner ring, an airborne WDM unit, and an information processing unit form a data transmission and processing subsystem. The power supply subsystem and the data transmission and processing subsystem share the airborne WDM unit, single-core optical fiber, optical fiber combiner ring, and payload-side WDM unit to achieve integrated energy and data transmission. Furthermore, the system integrates a thermally induced parasitic modulation suppression subsystem, a rotational dispersion compensation subsystem, and an optical fiber health management subsystem. These three subsystems also share the aforementioned WDM unit and single-core optical fiber link. The system composition and signal flow of this invention are as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the signal name, source, destination, and path corresponding to each signal number are detailed in the summary description at the end of this embodiment.

[0064] The airborne component includes a laser, an airborne wavelength division multiplexing unit, an information processing unit, a laser drive control module, a reference tone superposition module, a dispersion pre-compensation module, a dynamic polarization compensation module, an optical time domain reflectometer monitoring module, an optical fiber lifetime prediction module, an early warning module, and auxiliary equipment.

[0065] The laser converts the power supplied by the airborne power source into a stable laser output, providing power to the payload. The airborne wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) unit enables the transmission, reception, splitting, and combining of different wavelength bands of light. The information processing unit is responsible for electro-optical conversion of different signals from the airborne unit. The airborne components are fixedly installed on the aircraft platform, featuring an independent cabin and electromagnetic shielding measures. The laser and information processing unit employ a heat-conducting design to direct heat to the fuselage or casing. The use of lightweight and flexibly deployable single-core optical fibers connected to the payload reduces the cost and volume of multi-core optoelectronic cables, offering excellent deployment flexibility. The installation position can be adjusted according to the aircraft's overall weight distribution and heat dissipation requirements.

[0066] The payload end section includes photovoltaic cells, sensor units, payload end wavelength division multiplexing units, power supply laser power monitoring modules, coherent phase compensation modules, polarization mode dispersion monitoring modules, coupled integrating sphere cavities, and auxiliary equipment.

[0067] Photovoltaic cells are used to convert the laser energy transmitted from the airborne end into electrical energy, which is then supplied to the sensor unit. The sensor unit consists of a control CPU, a spatial perception sensor, an imaging chip, etc., and generates information composed of various types of information, including low-bandwidth low-speed and high-speed high-bandwidth information. This unit also performs photoelectric conversion and format merging of the information. The payload-side wavelength division multiplexing unit enables the transmission, reception, splitting, and beam combining of light in different wavelength bands. The payload-side components are indirectly fixed to the aircraft platform using structural rotating parts, and feature an independent cabin and electromagnetic shielding measures. The payload sensor section can rotate within a hemispherical space using a three-dimensional rotating structure, enabling large-scale field imaging of the external space. After power supply and information transmission are achieved through a single-core optical fiber, it also offers deployment flexibility, allowing the installation position to be adjusted according to overall requirements.

[0068] The airborne and payload ends are connected via single-core optical fibers, with a fiber optic bus ring connected in series in the middle. The single-core fiber is a multi-layered high-strength fiber with a certain tensile strength. The airborne wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) unit, the payload WDM unit, the transmission fiber, and the fiber optic bus ring involve independent and multiplexed channels for laser energy transmission, using high-light-resistant silica glass fiber, hollow-core fiber, or double-clad fiber capable of carrying high-power continuous lasers. Specifically, to reduce the power density of the supplied laser and suppress the optical-thermal-mechanical coupling effect, double-clad fiber is preferred, allowing the supplied laser to be transmitted in the inner cladding and the data signal in the core. The fiber optic bus ring is designed to adapt to high-energy laser transmission, featuring high-precision optical alignment and high-precision passive heat dissipation. It can be fixed to a high-heat-capacity mounting surface as needed, accommodating rapid heat dissipation from localized high heat caused by minor losses. To further suppress rotating dispersion mismatch, the prism material inside the bus ring is low-dispersion optical glass or a dispersion compensation plate is used. Fiber optic bus rings enable 360-degree continuous rotating optical connections between the airborne end and the payload end.

[0069] like Figure 2 As shown, the power supply subsystem of the airborne electrical system consists of airborne and payload-side power channel devices, including: laser, reference tone overlay module, coupling fiber, airborne wavelength division multiplexing unit, single-core fiber, fiber optic bus ring, payload-side wavelength division multiplexing unit, coupling integrating sphere cavity, and photovoltaic cell. The above devices constitute a complete power channel link.

[0070] The laser is responsible for converting electrical energy into light energy, with its wavelength matched to that of the photovoltaic cell, specifically the 1064nm band. A reference tone superposition module is located at the laser output to superimpose a low-frequency perturbation tone onto the powered laser. The coupling fiber couples the stable laser output to the onboard wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) unit. The shared onboard WDM unit, fiber optic bus ring, and payload WDM unit transmit and filter laser energy, separating the laser energy from the combined beam in the single-core fiber into independent fiber channels, which are then connected to the coupling integrating sphere cavity. The coupling integrating sphere cavity utilizes a high-reflectivity integrating sphere to achieve multiple efficient internal reflections of light energy, achieving the highest efficiency conversion of light energy and reducing the photovoltaic cell's requirements for laser beam size. The photovoltaic cell, with its high conversion efficiency in the 1064nm band, is installed at the offset position of the integrating sphere to achieve multiple highly uniform surface irradiations, ensuring stable output from the photoelectric conversion. The power supply subsystem implements the electro-optical conversion, light energy transmission, photoelectric conversion, and stable power supply of the power channel.

[0071] like Figure 3 As shown, the airborne electrical system consists of airborne and payload-side information channel devices, which constitute the data transmission and processing subsystem. These devices include: sensors, signal conversion cards, payload-side wavelength division multiplexing units, single-core optical fibers, optical fiber bus rings, airborne-side wavelength division multiplexing units, information exchange cards, and distributed computing boards. These devices constitute the complete link of the information channel.

[0072] The sensors are confirmed by the airborne mission and mainly include high-resolution, high-frame-rate imaging detectors that generate high-speed, high-bandwidth, high-frame-rate image information, implemented using interfaces such as SDI, Cameralink, Gigabit Ethernet, and 10 Gigabit Ethernet. In addition, there are also space, angle, and position sensors used for control and positioning, which generate low-speed, low-bandwidth periodic information, implemented using ARINC825 (CAN), MIL-STD-1553B, RS422, and RS485 buses.

[0073] The payload-side signal conversion card converts the high-speed, high-bandwidth image-like electrical information acquired by the detector into optical information of different wavelengths. Each information channel occupies one wavelength, and multiple information channels correspond to multiple wavelengths. Through wavelength division multiplexing modules and optical fiber paths, the transmission from the payload end to the airborne end is achieved, maintaining low latency. The signal conversion card combines low-speed, low-bandwidth electrical information of non-time-sensitive signals into optical information of one wavelength, which is then transmitted in a combined manner. The signal conversion card converts low-speed, low-bandwidth electrical information of time-sensitive signals into optical information of one wavelength for independent transmission, strictly maintaining low latency and the relationship between information phases. At the same time, the payload-side signal conversion card converts the optical information transmitted from the airborne end into corresponding electrical signals and connects them to the CPU of their respective sensor control circuits, enabling the airborne end to control the payload end.

[0074] The airborne information switching card performs optical and electrical switching on the information transmitted from the payload end via the wavelength division multiplexing module and transmits it to the corresponding distributed computing board, realizing high-speed, high-bandwidth information photoelectric conversion and computing task allocation, and low-speed, low-bandwidth information photoelectric conversion and signal transmission. At the same time, the airborne information switching card is responsible for converting the control information monitored by the distributed computing board on the payload end into optical information of the corresponding wavelength band, and transmitting it to the payload end signal conversion card through the wavelength division multiplexing module and optical fiber to realize the transmission of control information.

[0075] like Figure 1 As shown, the thermally induced parasitic modulation suppression subsystem consists of a power supply laser monitoring module, a laser drive control module, a reference tone superposition module, and a coherent phase compensation module. It is used to compensate for the parasitic phase modulation of the data optical signal caused by the thermo-optic effect of the power supply laser in a single-core fiber.

[0076] One output of the payload-side wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) unit is connected to the input of the power supply laser monitoring module. The power supply laser monitoring module includes a polarization-maintaining fiber coupler with a splitting ratio of 99:1, which extracts 1% of the power supply laser to a photodetector. The photodetector output is connected to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to sample the power envelope of the power supply laser in real time. The sampled data, after being formatted and encapsulated, is transmitted back to the airborne end via the payload-side WDM unit and a single-core fiber. The airborne WDM unit outputs the returned power fluctuation monitoring data to the information processing unit. The information processing unit analyzes the data, extracts the power fluctuation amount, and inputs it to the laser drive control module. The laser drive control module uses a PID control algorithm to dynamically adjust the pump current to stabilize the power supply laser received at the payload end, thereby suppressing parasitic modulation conducted by thermal effects.

[0077] In this embodiment, the process by which the laser drive control module dynamically adjusts the pump current using a PID control algorithm is as follows:

[0078] The laser drive control module adopts an incremental PID control algorithm. It uses the monitoring data of power fluctuation of the power supplied by the load end as the feedback signal and the expected power received by the load end as the set value to dynamically adjust the pump current of the laser, thereby stabilizing the power supplied by the load end and compensating for the power fluctuation caused by fiber thermal effect, bending loss change and bus ring rotation.

[0079] Let the desired laser power received at the load end be... The load-side power supply laser power monitoring module is in the first... The measured power of the supplied laser in each sampling period is Then the power error signal is: Then the first The increment of the laser pump current of each sample for:

[0080]

[0081] in For proportional gain, For integral gain, For differential gain, The sampling period is and This represents the power error of the previous and the first two sampling periods.

[0082] The pump current for the current cycle is:

[0083]

[0084] Pump current limit:

[0085]

[0086] in These are the minimum and maximum allowable pump currents for the laser, respectively.

[0087] When the received power at the load end decreases due to the increase in fiber microbending loss... As the current increases, the PID controller outputs a positive current increment, increasing the laser's output power and restoring the received power at the load end to the set value. This closed-loop control has a response bandwidth of approximately 1 kHz, effectively suppressing parasitic phase modulation caused by the thermo-optical effect.

[0088] To further compensate for residual phase noise, a reference tone superposition module is installed at the laser output. The input of the reference tone superposition module is connected to the laser output, and a low-frequency perturbation tone with a frequency of 10kHz and a modulation depth of 1% is superimposed on the powered laser through a small signal modulator. The power laser splitting port of the payload-end wavelength division multiplexing unit is connected to the input of the coherent phase compensation module. The coherent phase compensation module detects the instantaneous phase of the perturbation tone signal from the powered laser, which is the parasitic phase noise introduced by the thermo-optic effect. The coherent phase compensation module calculates the phase compensation amount for each wavelength channel based on the parasitic phase noise, and converts the phase compensation amount into a digital phase control word or analog control voltage output to the signal conversion card. The phase modulator in the signal conversion card applies phase pre-compensation to the generated uplink data optical signal and phase post-compensation to the received downlink data optical signal to further eliminate residual parasitic phase noise. Through the above-mentioned two-stage compensation of PID power regulation and coherent phase compensation, the parasitic phase noise introduced by the thermo-optic effect can be reduced by more than 20dB, ensuring that the bit error rate of the high-speed data channel remains stable at an extremely low level.

[0089] In this embodiment, the specific process of the coherent phase compensation algorithm based on the reference pitch is as follows:

[0090] Residual parasitic phase noise manifests as time-varying drift in the phase of the data optical signal. The airborne reference tone superposition module superimposes a frequency of [frequency value] onto the powering laser. A low-frequency perturbation tone with a modulation depth of m=1% is used. After transmission through a single-core optical fiber, this tone undergoes the same thermo-optical effect along the same transmission path as the data optical signal, and its phase contains the same parasitic phase noise information as the data optical signal. The coherent phase compensation module at the load end detects the phase change of this tone and applies reverse phase compensation to the data optical signal accordingly to eliminate residual parasitic phase noise. The specific algorithm formula is as follows:

[0091] Let the electric field of the functional laser be:

[0092]

[0093] in For the electric field amplitude, For modulation depth, For pitch frequency, The power laser frequency is [value]. After transmission through a single-core optical fiber, at the load end, the parasitic phase noise introduced by the thermo-optical effect of the power laser is [value]. The electric field of the powered laser after transmission through optical fiber is:

[0094]

[0095] The coherent phase compensation module acquires a small portion of the power laser from the power laser splitting port of the wavelength division multiplexing unit at the load end, and extracts a 10kHz tone signal after photodetection. Through lock-in amplification or IQ demodulation, ignoring the fixed phase delay, the instantaneous phase of the tone is extracted. This instantaneous phase is the parasitic phase noise introduced by the thermo-optical effect.

[0096] Let the original electric field of the data optical signal to be compensated when it is generated by the signal conversion card be:

[0097]

[0098] The frequency of the data optical signal to be compensated , At the speed of light, The wavelength of the data optical signal to be compensated. This refers to the modulation amplitude.

[0099] When data optical signals transmit in a single-core optical fiber, they undergo the same thermo-optical effect path as the power source laser, but the amplitude of the phase noise is wavelength-dependent. The parasitic phase noise caused by the thermo-optical effect is proportional to the optical frequency. The parasitic phase noise of the data optical signal... Parasitic phase noise of the power laser satisfy:

[0100]

[0101] Taking a data wavelength of 1551 nm as an example:

[0102]

[0103] but This refers to the phase compensation amount of the data optical signal to be compensated. The coherent phase compensation module converts the phase compensation amount into a digital phase control word or an analog control voltage and outputs it to the signal conversion card. The phase modulator in the signal conversion card applies reverse phase pre-compensation to the generated uplink data optical signal and applies reverse phase post-compensation to the received downlink data optical signal to further eliminate residual parasitic phase noise.

[0104] Specifically, for the uplink signal from the payload end to the airborne end, the coherent phase compensation module applies pre-compensation to the data optical signal:

[0105]

[0106] When the pre-compensated uplink data optical signal is transmitted in a single-core optical fiber, it is superimposed with parasitic phase noise introduced by thermal effects. The pre-compensation amount is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to the noise introduced during transmission. After they cancel each other out, the parasitic phase noise in the uplink data optical signal received by the airborne end is effectively suppressed.

[0107] The downlink control command optical signal from the airborne end is already superimposed with parasitic phase noise during transmission in a single-core optical fiber. After being demultiplexed by the wavelength division multiplexing unit at the payload end, the optical signal enters the signal conversion card for photoelectric conversion. During this process, the coherent phase compensation module applies post-compensation to the downlink received signal:

[0108]

[0109] in To compensate for the electric field of the previously received downlink data optical signal, This is the electric field of the compensated downlink data optical signal. After compensation, the parasitic phase noise term is eliminated, and the original downlink data optical signal is recovered. Subsequently, the signal conversion card performs normal photoelectric conversion and data demodulation.

[0110] The compensated residual phase noise power is:

[0111]

[0112] in The correlation coefficient between tone phase detection and data signal phase noise is given. In this system, the power laser and data optical signal share the same optical fiber and have a small wavelength interval. Residual phase noise suppression ratio (Approximately -10 dB). Combined with the first-stage suppression (approximately -10 dB) of PID power control, the total two-stage suppression ratio can reach over -20 dB.

[0113] like Figure 1 As shown, the rotational dispersion compensation subsystem consists of a dispersion pre-compensation module, a dynamic polarization compensation module, and a polarization mode dispersion monitoring module. It is used to compensate for the differential dispersion introduced by the fiber optic bus ring to data optical signals of different wavelengths under different rotational states.

[0114] Among multiple data wavelength channels, one wavelength is selected as the reference wavelength. In this embodiment, 1551nm is selected as the reference wavelength. The optical signal of the reference wavelength is the optical signal of the corresponding downlink data channel transmitted from the airborne end through a single-core optical fiber and an optical fiber bus ring to the load end. The reason for selecting 1551nm as the reference wavelength in this embodiment is that longer wavelengths are more sensitive to polarization mode dispersion, and its variation is the largest and easiest to measure accurately. In addition, 1551nm is already one of the carrying wavelengths of the system data channel, which is convenient for multiplexing without adding additional wavelength resources.

[0115] The dispersion pre-compensation module is located on the downlink transmission branches of each wavelength channel within the airborne wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) unit, between each downlink optical transmission module and the WDM multiplexing port. During system assembly, the inherent group delay difference of each wavelength signal transmitted from the airborne end through single-core optical fiber and fiber bus ring to the load end is obtained through static measurement. Based on this, an adjustable dispersion compensation amount is preset for each downlink wavelength channel. The dispersion pre-compensation module, according to the preset dispersion compensation amount, adjusts the grating period and effective refractive index of the adjustable fiber Bragg grating dispersion compensator to change the reflection position of each wavelength in the chirped grating. This ensures that the group delay provided by the grating for each downlink wavelength channel is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to the inherent group delay difference of the corresponding channel, making the total group delay of each downlink wavelength signal after passing through the entire transmission link more consistent. Meanwhile, the uplink wavelength signals from the load end to the airborne end, after reaching the airborne end, can have the group delay difference caused by bus ring dispersion compensated in the electrical domain after photoelectric conversion using an equalization algorithm. This is a conventional processing method at the communication receiver end. Moreover, the downlink signal is mainly composed of control commands, which has extremely high requirements for real-time performance and determinism, and requires precise pre-compensation in the optical domain using the method proposed in this embodiment; while the uplink signal is mainly composed of service data such as video and Ethernet, and its frame structure allows for dispersion compensation through digital signal processing at the receiving end, without having a substantial impact on system performance.

[0116] The specific process of dispersion pre-compensation in this embodiment is as follows:

[0117] During system assembly, an optical vector network analyzer or optical time-domain reflectometer is used to send test pulses to each wavelength channel, measuring the inherent group delay difference of each wavelength signal transmitted from the airborne end through single-core optical fiber and fiber optic bus loop to the load end. A reference wavelength is used. Group delay of (1551 nm) Based on this, the inherent group delay difference of each wavelength channel is obtained:

[0118]

[0119] The measured group delay transmitted from the airborne end to the load end via a single-core fiber and a fiber optic bus ring was calibrated while the bus ring was stationary, and the measurement results were recorded as a calibration table and stored in the system memory.

[0120] The dispersion pre-compensation module employs an adjustable fiber Bragg grating (FBG) dispersion compensator. Let the group delay provided by the FBG dispersion compensator be... ,in Let the optical frequency be denoted by FBG. By adjusting the grating period and effective refractive index, the reflection positions of each wavelength in the chirped grating are changed, so that the group delay provided by FBG for each wavelength channel is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to the intrinsic group delay difference of the corresponding channel, i.e., satisfying the condition... The total group delay of each wavelength signal tends to be consistent after passing through the entire transmission link.

[0121] The input of the polarization mode dispersion (PMD) monitoring module is connected to one output of the load-side wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) unit, which outputs a reference wavelength (1551 nm) optical signal. The PMD monitoring module measures the differential group delay (PDD) of the downlink reference wavelength optical signal after passing through the fiber optic bus loop in real time using a polarization analyzer, and uses this PDD as the PMD change. The PMD monitoring data is transmitted back to the airborne end via the load-side WDM unit and a single-core fiber. The airborne WDM unit outputs the returned PMD monitoring data to the dynamic polarization compensation module. Based on the real-time PMD change of the downlink reference wavelength monitored back from the load end, the dynamic polarization compensation module calculates the dynamic PMD increment for each channel according to the frequency ratio of each downlink wavelength to the reference wavelength, and adds this to the preset PMD compensation amount statically calibrated for each channel to obtain the total polarization compensation amount for each channel. The dynamic polarization compensation module outputs a multi-channel polarization control drive signal, which acts on the polarization control execution units on the downlink transmission branches of each wavelength channel within the airborne wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) unit. By adjusting the polarization state and differential group delay of each channel, dynamic polarization compensation is applied to the transmitted downlink data optical signal to counteract rotation-induced wavelength-dependent dispersion mismatch. The polarization control execution unit is located between the dispersion pre-compensator and the WDM multiplexing port. The polarization mode dispersion of the uplink data signal is compensated at the airborne receiver side through electrical adaptive equalization or post-compensation in the optical domain.

[0122] The dispersion pre-compensation module's compensation value is determined by static calibration after system assembly and remains unchanged during system operation, only being recalibrated and updated during ground maintenance. The dynamic polarization compensation module's compensation value is updated in real time at a frequency of 1 kHz. Both modules respectively address static intrinsic group delay difference and rotation-induced dynamic PMD fluctuations, working together to achieve both static and dynamic dispersion management of downlink data signals.

[0123] In this embodiment, the specific implementation process of dynamic polarization compensation is as follows:

[0124] Let the intrinsic polarization mode dispersion (PMD) of the reference wavelength (1551 nm) obtained by static calibration be denoted as . The load-end polarization mode dispersion monitoring module is in the first The reference wavelength PMD value measured in real time during each sampling period is Then the change in PMD at the reference wavelength is:

[0125]

[0126] For other wavelength channels Its PMD change The relationship between the change in PMD and the reference wavelength satisfies:

[0127]

[0128] in Wavelength channel optical frequency, The reference wavelength is the optical frequency.

[0129] The final total polarization compensation for each wavelength channel is the sum of the static preset compensation and the dynamic increment:

[0130]

[0131] in The dispersion pre-compensation module is for the wavelength channel. The preset polarization-dependent compensation amount can be obtained through the following process:

[0132] After system assembly and before formal operation, the bus ring is in a static state, and polarization mode dispersion measurements are performed on each wavelength channel. The specific steps are as follows:

[0133] At the airborne end, a test optical signal with a known polarization state and differential group delay is generated by a polarization controller and sequentially injected into each wavelength channel. The test optical signal is transmitted to the load end via a single-core optical fiber and a stationary optical fiber bus loop; at the corresponding wavelength output port of the wavelength division multiplexing unit at the load end, the polarization mode dispersion value of the signal at that wavelength is measured by a polarization analyzer. Repeat the above measurements for all data wavelength channels to obtain the intrinsic polarization mode dispersion (PMD) values ​​for each wavelength under static busbar conditions. The static PMD measurement values ​​are used as a reference wavelength (1551 nm). Based on, wavelength channel The difference in intrinsic polarization mode dispersion relative to the reference wavelength is the amount that needs to be pre-compensated:

[0134]

[0135] The negative sign is used because the compensation amount should be equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to the inherent difference, in order to offset the difference.

[0136] like Figure 1 As shown, the fiber optic health management subsystem consists of an optical time domain reflectometer monitoring module, a fiber optic lifetime prediction module, and an early warning module. It is used to monitor and predict the health status of the fiber optic cable under the dual stress of rotation and high-power laser power supply.

[0137] The optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) monitoring module is integrated into the airborne terminal and connected to the airborne wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) unit. The OTD monitoring module uses a probe pulse with a wavelength of 1625 nm (which does not interfere with the operating wavelengths of 1064 nm and 1271 nm~1551 nm), which is periodically or during mission intervals coupled into a single-core optical fiber via the airborne WDM unit. As the probe pulse propagates in the single-core fiber, it generates backscattered and reflected signals. The Rayleigh backscattered signal is continuously generated along the entire length of the fiber, while the Fresnel reflection signal is generated at points of abrupt refractive index change, such as microcracks, in the fiber bends. The OTD monitoring module receives and analyzes these returned optical signals, extracting the scattering intensity drift at the bend as a micro-damage index, and simultaneously acquiring damage location information (i.e., fiber distance coordinates corresponding to anomalies or reflection peaks) and scan timestamps.

[0138] In this embodiment, the specific calculation process for the scattering intensity drift is as follows:

[0139] Let the fiber optic OTDR reference curve obtained during the initial calibration (after the system is immediately assembled or after replacing the fiber optic cable) be: ,in The curve values ​​represent the distance along the fiber optic cable, and their physical meaning indicates the distance. The backscattering power level at point [number]. The OTDR curve obtained during the second detection scan is A curved segment is defined as a segment extending from a distance... The fiber optic section, corresponding to the portion where the fiber bends inside the bus ring, yields the following scattering intensity drift in the bend section:

[0140]

[0141] The micro-damage index is defined as ,when When the fiber state is unchanged from its initial state, it indicates that the fiber state is no different from the initial state; when As the value gradually increases, it indicates that the generation and propagation of microcracks lead to enhanced local scattering; when... When the preset threshold is exceeded, a maintenance warning is triggered.

[0142] In addition to the scattering intensity shift, it can also be analyzed... Local outliers of the curve Coordinates are used to pinpoint the exact location of microcracks. By tracking the variation in the amplitude of the reflection peak at the same location across different scans, the propagation rate of individual cracks can be further analyzed, providing more refined input data for lifetime prediction.

[0143] The input of the fiber optic lifetime prediction module is connected to the output of the optical time-domain reflectometer monitoring module. Based on a modified Boltzmann-Arrhenius-Zurkov constitutive model, the module takes as input the fiber bending radius, power of the supplied laser, rotational angular velocity, ambient temperature, and microdamage index to calculate the predicted remaining lifetime of the fiber. The input of the early warning module is connected to the output of the fiber optic lifetime prediction module. When the predicted remaining lifetime is less than 1.2 times the mission duration or the microdamage index exceeds a preset threshold, the early warning module sends a maintenance warning to the flight control system via the airborne bus, reminding the user to replace the fiber or fiber optic bus ring assembly during ground maintenance to prevent serious malfunctions during the mission.

[0144] The Boltzmann-Arrhenius-Zurkov (BAZ) model is a classic accelerated life model that describes the failure time of materials under the influence of multiple factors such as stress and temperature. Its classic form is:

[0145]

[0146] in For expiration time, These are material property constants. For activation energy, Boltzmann's constant, Absolute temperature For the applied stress, This is the stress index.

[0147] In this system, the stress sources in the fiber optic bending section include mechanical bending stress and thermal stress introduced by the high-power optical field, and the coupling effect of these two factors accelerates the propagation of microcracks. Meanwhile, the optical time-domain reflectometer monitoring module provides a micro-damage index in real time, reflecting the current damage state. Therefore, the equivalent effective stress, rotational acceleration factor, and damage dependence factor related to optical power are introduced into the classic BAZ model.

[0148] The equivalent effective stress is: In the formula For bending mechanical stress, To supply laser power, The optical-mechanical coupling coefficient is used to equate optical power to additional stress, which is determined by the material's absorption coefficient and thermal expansion coefficient; the bending mechanical stress is determined by the bending radius. The parameters are determined by the fiber optic cable, specifically: , This refers to the Young's modulus of optical fiber. Radius of curvature.

[0149] The rotational acceleration factor is: ,in The rotational angular velocity affects fatigue life by influencing the alternation frequency of stress. The rotational acceleration coefficient is determined by fitting experimental data.

[0150] The damage-dependent factor is:

[0151]

[0152] in The current micro-damage index, The critical microdamage index is the maximum permissible damage value before the optical fiber breaks. The damage acceleration index is determined by fitting experimental data.

[0153] Therefore, the failure time in the corrected BAZ model is:

[0154]

[0155] The predicted remaining lifetime of optical fiber ,in This represents the cumulative running time from the system's first operation to the current moment.

[0156] To achieve parallel, interference-free operation of power supply and data transmission, the wavelength coupling and fan-out of power supply optical energy and optical information are completed by the airborne wavelength division multiplexing unit and the payload wavelength division multiplexing unit. The specific wavelength partitioning strategy is given below, and the allocation is as follows:

[0157] Power supply channel: It has a dedicated 1064nm wavelength. The laser energy is output by the laser, and after being superimposed with low-frequency perturbation tone by the reference tone superposition module, it is transmitted to the photovoltaic cell through a single-core optical fiber. It is dedicated to power supply and does not participate in data signal transmission.

[0158] Communication data channels: Utilizing two wavelengths, 1271nm and 1331nm, to transmit communication signals corresponding to ARINC825 (CAN), MIL-STD-1553B, RS422, and RS485 bus protocols, meeting the basic communication requirements between devices.

[0159] Video data channels: Two wavelengths, 1351nm and 1391nm, are allocated to adapt to different types of video signal transmission, such as Cameralink and SDI, to ensure high-fidelity and high-speed transmission of video data.

[0160] Ethernet data channels: Four wavelengths are set at 1431nm, 1471nm, 1511nm and 1551nm, respectively, to meet the high-speed data transmission requirements of Gigabit Ethernet, 10 Gigabit Ethernet and other high-speed data transmission requirements, and support high-bandwidth data interaction.

[0161] Of the aforementioned wavelengths, 1551nm is simultaneously reused as the reference wavelength for the rotational dispersion compensation subsystem, and 1625nm is used as the detection wavelength for the optical time domain reflectometer of the fiber health management subsystem. Both are coupled into the single-core fiber through a wavelength division multiplexing unit, without occupying the original data channel.

[0162] Based on the above system, this embodiment also provides an information transmission method, including the following steps:

[0163] Step 1: Power-on startup steps:

[0164] The laser energy output from the airborne laser is superimposed with low-frequency perturbation tone by the reference tone superposition module, and then coupled into a single-core optical fiber through the airborne wavelength division multiplexing unit. It is then transmitted to the load end through the optical fiber bus ring. After being separated by the load end wavelength division multiplexing unit, it is homogenized by the coupling integrating sphere cavity and then illuminates the photovoltaic cell. The photovoltaic cell converts the light energy into DC power to power the sensor unit.

[0165] Specifically, after the airborne system is started, the airborne power supply powers the laser and the information processing unit. The laser stably outputs 1064 nm laser energy. The light energy enters the airborne wavelength division multiplexing unit through the coupling optical fiber and is then transmitted to the load end through a single-core optical fiber, an optical fiber bus ring, and the load-end wavelength division multiplexing unit. The load-end wavelength division multiplexing unit splits the transmitted laser light energy to the power channel pigtail. Through the coupling integrating sphere cavity, the light energy completes the photoelectric conversion of power supply energy by covering a large area of ​​the photovoltaic cell, providing a stable power supply for the load sensor unit.

[0166] Step 2: Status Reporting and Monitoring Data Feedback Steps:

[0167] After the payload-side sensor unit is powered on, it performs a self-test and generates periodic status information. This information is converted into uplink data optical signals of the corresponding wavelength by a signal conversion card. After being coupled by the payload-side wavelength division multiplexing unit, it is transmitted back to the airborne end through a single-core optical fiber and an optical fiber bus loop. The airborne-side wavelength division multiplexing unit splits the light to the corresponding wavelength channel and enters the information exchange card. The information exchange card then routes the light to the corresponding distributed computing board, enabling the airborne end to monitor the status of the payload.

[0168] Simultaneously with this step, the power monitoring module at the load end detects the power fluctuation of the power supply laser in real time. The power monitoring module acquires 1% of the power supply laser from the power splitting port of the wavelength division multiplexing unit at the load end through a polarization-maintaining fiber coupler with a splitting ratio of 99:1. The power envelope is sampled by a photodetector and an analog-to-digital converter to form power fluctuation monitoring data, which is transmitted back to the airborne end through the wavelength division multiplexing unit at the load end and a single-core fiber. The airborne wavelength division multiplexing unit then outputs the data to the information processing unit.

[0169] In addition, the polarization mode dispersion monitoring module at the payload end detects the change in polarization mode dispersion of the downlink reference wavelength (1551 nm) optical signal after passing through the fiber optic bus loop in real time. The polarization mode dispersion monitoring module measures the differential group delay of the downlink reference wavelength optical signal through a polarization analyzer, forming polarization mode dispersion monitoring data, which is transmitted back to the airborne end through the payload-end wavelength division multiplexing unit and a single-core fiber, and then output by the airborne wavelength division multiplexing unit to the dynamic polarization compensation module.

[0170] Step 3: Command Issuance and Dynamic Compensation Execution Steps:

[0171] After the airborne terminal detects that the payload is powered on, it generates control commands from the distributed computing board according to the airborne mission requirements. The information is converted into photoelectric signals through the information exchange card, forming downlink data optical signals of the corresponding wavelength. These signals enter the airborne wavelength division multiplexing unit through the corresponding channel pigtail, and are then transmitted to the payload through a single-core optical fiber, an optical fiber bus ring, and the payload-side wavelength division multiplexing unit. The payload-side wavelength division multiplexing unit splits the transmitted downlink data optical signals to the corresponding band pigtails, where the signal conversion card performs photoelectric conversion and transmits the signals to the corresponding sensors to control the payload.

[0172] While this step is being performed, the following dynamic compensation operations will also be executed:

[0173] Thermally-induced parasitic modulation suppression operation: The onboard laser drive control module dynamically adjusts the laser pump current using a PID control algorithm based on the power fluctuation monitoring data returned from step 2, in order to stabilize the power of the supplied laser received at the load end and compensate for parasitic phase modulation caused by the thermal effect of the supplied laser in the transmission link. Simultaneously, the coherent phase compensation module at the load end extracts the instantaneous phase of the 10 kHz low-frequency perturbation tone superimposed by the reference tone superposition module from the supplied laser through photoelectric detection and IQ demodulation. This instantaneous phase is the parasitic phase noise introduced by the thermo-optical effect. The coherent phase compensation module calculates the phase compensation amount for each wavelength channel based on the parasitic phase noise and converts the phase compensation amount into a digital phase control word or analog control voltage output to the signal conversion card. The phase modulator in the signal conversion card applies phase pre-compensation to the generated uplink data optical signal and phase post-compensation to the received downlink data optical signal, further eliminating residual parasitic phase noise.

[0174] Dispersion compensation operation: The airborne dispersion pre-compensation module is located on the downlink wavelength transmission branches within the airborne wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) unit, between each downlink optical transmission module and the WDM multiplexing port. Based on the inherent group delay difference of each downlink wavelength channel statically calibrated during system assembly, the dispersion pre-compensation module adjusts the grating period and effective refractive index of the adjustable fiber Bragg grating dispersion compensator for each channel. This changes the reflection position of each wavelength in the chirped grating, ensuring that the group delay provided by the grating for each downlink wavelength channel is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to the inherent group delay difference of the corresponding channel. This makes the total group delay of each downlink wavelength signal after passing through the entire transmission link more consistent. Simultaneously, the airborne dynamic polarization compensation module calculates the dynamic PMD increment of each downlink wavelength channel based on the polarization mode dispersion monitoring data returned from step 2, using the frequency ratio of each downlink wavelength to the reference wavelength. The total polarization compensation is obtained by adding the preset PMD compensation amount of each channel to the statically calibrated amount. The dynamic polarization compensation module outputs multi-channel polarization control drive signals, which act on the polarization control execution units on the downlink wavelength channel transmission branches inside the airborne wavelength division multiplexing unit. By adjusting the polarization state and differential group delay of each channel, dynamic polarization compensation is applied to the downlink data optical signal to counteract the rotation-induced wavelength-dependent dispersion mismatch.

[0175] Step 4: Data return process:

[0176] After receiving control commands from the airborne terminal, each sensor on the payload side operates according to preset programs and modes. The generated high-bandwidth video signals, gigabit Ethernet, 10-gigabit Ethernet, and other high-speed data are electro-optically converted by a signal conversion card to form uplink data optical signals of the corresponding bands. During the generation of the uplink data optical signal, the signal conversion card has received phase compensation control data output from the coherent phase compensation module and applies phase pre-compensation to the uplink data optical signal. When the pre-compensated uplink data optical signal is transmitted in a single-core optical fiber, it is superimposed with parasitic phase noise introduced by thermal effects. The pre-compensation amount is equal in magnitude and opposite in sign to the noise introduced during transmission. After they cancel each other out, the parasitic phase noise in the uplink data optical signal received by the airborne terminal is effectively suppressed.

[0177] After being coupled by the wavelength division multiplexing unit at the payload end, the uplink data optical signal is transmitted back to the airborne end through a single-core optical fiber and an optical fiber bus ring. The airborne wavelength division multiplexing unit then splits the light into the corresponding wavelength channel and enters the information switching card. Due to the polarization mode dispersion introduced by the optical fiber bus ring, the uplink data signal is post-compensated at the airborne receiving end using an electrical domain adaptive equalization algorithm.

[0178] Step 5: Processing Distribution and Health Management Steps:

[0179] The airborne information exchange card receives multiple high-bandwidth, high-speed uplink optical data signals transmitted from the payload end. The parallel information is distributed through optical routing and electrical switching, and the information processing is completed by each distributed computing board.

[0180] Simultaneously with this step or at preset intervals (e.g., between missions or every 100 hours of cumulative operation), fiber health management is performed: the onboard optical time-domain reflectometer monitoring module emits a 1625nm wavelength probe pulse into the single-core fiber, receives and analyzes the backscattered and reflected signals returned from the bent section, extracts the scattering intensity drift as the micro-damage index, and simultaneously acquires damage location information and scan timestamps. The fiber lifetime prediction module calculates the predicted remaining lifetime of the fiber using a modified Boltzmann-Arrhenius-Zurkov constitutive model based on the fiber bending radius, power supply laser, rotational angular velocity, ambient temperature, and micro-damage index. When the predicted remaining lifetime is less than 1.2 times the mission duration or the micro-damage index exceeds a preset threshold, the early warning module issues a maintenance warning to the flight control system via the onboard bus, reminding the user to replace the fiber or fiber optic bus ring assembly during ground maintenance.

[0181] Thus, the entire airborne optoelectronic high-bandwidth, high-speed optoelectronic hybrid electrical system has completed the complete tasks of system power supply, power-on / off control, status monitoring, information generation, information transmission, and distributed computing, while also possessing parasitic modulation suppression, rotational dispersion compensation, and fiber health management functions.

[0182] For ease of understanding Figure 1The complete paths of each signal stream in the system shown are summarized in the following table, which lists the name, source, destination, and path of each signal in this embodiment:

[0183]

[0184] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-bandwidth, high-speed optoelectronic hybrid electrical system suitable for airborne optoelectronic applications, comprising an airborne end, a load end, and a single-core optical fiber and an optical fiber bus ring connecting the airborne end and the load end; the optical fiber bus ring is connected in series in the transmission path of the single-core optical fiber to realize a rotating optical connection between the airborne end and the load end; characterized in that: The airborne terminal includes: A laser is used to generate continuous laser light for power supply, converting electrical energy provided by the airborne power supply into optical energy. An airborne wavelength division multiplexing unit is used to couple the power supply laser output by the laser to the single-core optical fiber, and to demultiplex the data optical signal transmitted from the payload end from the bundled light transmitted from the single-core optical fiber. The information processing unit is used to convert the demultiplexed optical data signals into electrical signals and process them via the information exchange card. The load end includes: The payload-end wavelength division multiplexing unit is used to separate the power supply laser from the bundled light transmitted from the single-core optical fiber, and to multiplex the data optical signal generated at the payload end into the single-core optical fiber. Photovoltaic cells are used to convert the separated laser power into direct current to power the sensors at the load end; The sensor unit is used to generate sensing data and convert electrical signals into optical signals of a specific wavelength through a signal conversion card. The system uses wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology to multiplex power supply laser and multiple data optical signals into the same single-core optical fiber for transmission, achieving integrated bidirectional transmission of energy and data.

2. The high-bandwidth, high-speed optoelectronic hybrid electrical system suitable for airborne optoelectronic applications according to claim 1, characterized in that: The airborne end also includes a laser drive control module; the payload end also includes a power supply laser monitoring module. The input terminal of the power supply laser monitoring module is connected to one output terminal of the load-end wavelength division multiplexing unit, and is used to detect the power fluctuation of the power supply laser emitted from the single-core fiber in real time, and transmit the power fluctuation monitoring data back to the airborne terminal through the load-end wavelength division multiplexing unit and the single-core fiber. The input terminal of the laser drive control module is connected to the information processing unit to receive the power fluctuation monitoring data transmitted back. Its output terminal is connected to the laser to dynamically adjust the output power of the laser according to the power fluctuation monitoring data in order to compensate for the parasitic phase modulation caused by the thermal effect of the power supply laser in the transmission link.

3. The high-bandwidth, high-speed optoelectronic hybrid electrical system suitable for airborne optoelectronic applications according to claim 2, characterized in that: The airborne terminal also includes a reference tone superposition module, whose input end is connected to the output end of the laser, for superimposing a low-frequency perturbation tone onto the powering laser; The load end also includes a coherent phase compensation module, whose input end is connected to the power laser beam splitting port of the wavelength division multiplexing unit of the load end, for extracting the instantaneous phase of the perturbation tone from the power laser through photoelectric detection and IQ demodulation. This instantaneous phase is the parasitic phase noise introduced by the thermo-optic effect. The output of the coherent phase compensation module is connected to the signal conversion card and is used to output phase compensation control data to the signal conversion card according to the phase compensation amount of each wavelength channel. The phase modulator in the signal conversion card applies phase pre-compensation to the generated uplink data optical signal and applies phase post-compensation to the received downlink data optical signal.

4. The high-bandwidth, high-speed optoelectronic hybrid electrical system suitable for airborne optoelectronic applications according to claim 1, characterized in that: The airborne end also includes a dispersion pre-compensation module and a dynamic polarization compensation module; the load end also includes a polarization mode dispersion monitoring module. A wavelength is selected as a reference wavelength among multiple data wavelength channels. The optical signal of the reference wavelength is the optical signal of the corresponding downlink data channel transmitted from the airborne end through the single-core optical fiber and the optical fiber bus ring to the load end. The dispersion pre-compensation module is located on the downlink wavelength channel transmission branch inside the airborne wavelength division multiplexing unit, between each downlink optical transmission module and the wavelength division multiplexing port. It is used to change the reflection position of each wavelength in the chirped grating by adjusting the grating period and effective refractive index of the adjustable fiber Bragg grating dispersion compensator according to the preset adjustable dispersion compensation amount, so that the group delay provided by the grating for each downlink wavelength channel is equal in magnitude and opposite in sign to the inherent group delay difference of the corresponding channel, and only performs dispersion pre-compensation on the downlink data optical signal. The input of the polarization mode dispersion monitoring module is connected to one output of the load-side wavelength division multiplexing unit. It is used to detect the change in polarization mode dispersion of the downlink reference wavelength optical signal after passing through the fiber optic bus loop in real time, and transmit the polarization mode dispersion monitoring data back to the airborne end through the load-side wavelength division multiplexing unit and the single-core fiber. The input terminal of the dynamic polarization compensation module is connected to the airborne wavelength division multiplexing unit. It is used to receive the transmitted polarization mode dispersion monitoring data, calculate the dynamic PMD increment of each downlink wavelength channel based on the frequency ratio of each downlink wavelength to the reference wavelength, add it to the preset PMD compensation amount of each channel statically calibrated to obtain the total polarization compensation amount, and output a multi-channel polarization control drive signal. This signal is applied to the polarization control execution unit on the transmission branch of each downlink wavelength channel inside the airborne wavelength division multiplexing unit to apply dynamic polarization compensation to the downlink data optical signal to counteract the rotation-induced wavelength-dependent dispersion mismatch.

5. The high bandwidth high speed electro-optical hybrid electrical system suitable for onboard electro-optical of claim 4, wherein: The uplink data signal is subjected to polarization mode dispersion introduced by the fiber optic bus ring, which is post-compensated at the airborne receiving end using an electrical domain adaptive equalization algorithm.

6. The high-bandwidth, high-speed optoelectronic hybrid electrical system suitable for airborne optoelectronic applications according to claim 1, characterized in that: The airborne terminal also includes an optical time domain reflectometer monitoring module, an optical fiber lifetime prediction module, and an early warning module; The optical time domain reflectometer monitoring module is connected to the airborne wavelength division multiplexing unit and is used to transmit probe pulses to the single-core optical fiber, receive and analyze the returned backscattered and reflected signals, and extract the scattering intensity drift of the bent section as the micro-damage index. The input end of the fiber lifetime prediction module is connected to the output end of the optical time domain reflectometer monitoring module, and is used to calculate the remaining lifetime of the fiber based on the fiber bending radius, power supply laser, rotation speed, ambient temperature and the micro-damage index using a thermo-mechanical-optical coupling acceleration model. The input of the early warning module is connected to the output of the fiber optic lifetime prediction module, and is used to issue a maintenance warning when the monitored micro-damage index or the predicted remaining lifetime is lower than a preset threshold.

7. The high bandwidth high speed electro-optical hybrid electrical system suitable for onboard electro-optical of claim 6, wherein: According to the formula The scattering intensity drift amount of the bending section is extracted as a micro-damage index, wherein is the optical time domain reflectometer reference curve at the first calibration, is the optical time domain reflectometer curve obtained at the n-th detection scan, is the start and end distance coordinates of the bending section.

8. The high bandwidth high speed electro-optical hybrid electrical system suitable for onboard electro-optical of claim 6, wherein: According to the formula Computing the time to failure where is a material property constant, is an activation energy, is the Boltzmann constant, is the absolute temperature, is the equivalent effective stress, is the stress exponent, is a rotational acceleration factor, is the rotational angular velocity, is a damage dependent factor, is the current microdamage index.

9. The high-bandwidth, high-speed optoelectronic hybrid electrical system suitable for airborne optoelectronic applications according to claim 8, characterized in that: The equivalent effective stress is: In the formula For bending mechanical stress, To supply laser power, The optical-mechanical coupling coefficient; , This refers to the Young's modulus of optical fiber. For fiber radius, Where is the bending radius; the rotational acceleration factor is: , The rotational acceleration coefficient is ; the damage dependence factor is: in The current micro-damage index, is the critical micro-damage index, and c is the damage acceleration index.

10. An information transmission method applicable to the system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Power supply startup steps: The laser energy output by the airborne laser is superimposed with low-frequency perturbation tone by the reference tone superposition module, and then coupled into the single-core optical fiber through the airborne wavelength division multiplexing unit. It is transmitted to the load end through the optical fiber bus ring. After being separated by the load end wavelength division multiplexing unit, it is homogenized by the coupling integrating sphere cavity and then illuminates the photovoltaic cell. The photovoltaic cell converts the light energy into DC power to power the sensor unit. Step 2: Status reporting and monitoring data feedback steps: After the load-side sensor unit is powered on, it converts the status information into uplink data optical signals through the signal conversion card. After being coupled by the load-side wavelength division multiplexing unit, the signals are transmitted back to the airborne end through a single-core optical fiber and an optical fiber bus ring. After being decoupled by the airborne wavelength division multiplexing unit, the information processing unit processes and monitors the data. Meanwhile, the power monitoring module of the power supply laser at the load end detects the power fluctuation of the power supply laser in real time and transmits the power fluctuation monitoring data back to the airborne end through the wavelength division multiplexing unit and single-core fiber at the load end; the polarization mode dispersion monitoring module at the load end detects the change in polarization mode dispersion of the downlink reference wavelength optical signal after passing through the fiber optic bus loop in real time and transmits the polarization mode dispersion monitoring data back to the airborne end through the wavelength division multiplexing unit and single-core fiber at the load end. Step 3: Command Issuance and Dynamic Compensation Execution Steps: The airborne terminal generates control commands and converts them into downlink data optical signals through the information exchange card. After being coupled by the airborne terminal wavelength division multiplexing unit, the signals are transmitted to the load end through a single-core optical fiber and an optical fiber bus ring. After being decoupled by the load end wavelength division multiplexing unit, the signals are demodulated by the signal conversion card to control the operation of the sensor. Meanwhile, the airborne laser drive control module dynamically adjusts the laser output power based on the power fluctuation monitoring data returned in step 2; the coherent phase compensation module at the payload end extracts the instantaneous phase of the reference tone from the power supply laser, calculates the phase compensation amount for each wavelength channel and outputs it to the signal conversion card, which applies phase pre-compensation to the uplink data optical signal and phase post-compensation to the downlink data optical signal; the airborne dynamic polarization compensation module calculates the dynamic PMD increment of each downlink wavelength channel based on the polarization mode dispersion monitoring data returned in step 2, adds it to the preset PMD compensation amount and outputs a multi-channel polarization control drive signal to apply dynamic polarization compensation to the downlink data optical signal; Step 4: Data backhaul step: The load-side sensor unit operates according to the control command received in step 3. The high-bandwidth data generated is converted into uplink data optical signal through the signal conversion card, coupled through the load-side wavelength division multiplexing unit, and transmitted back to the airborne end through a single-core optical fiber and an optical fiber bus ring. Step 5: Processing, Distribution, and Health Management: The onboard information processing unit performs photoelectric conversion, routing, and distribution on the received multiple optical signals, and the distributed computing unit completes the information processing. Simultaneously or at a preset cycle, the airborne optical time-domain reflectometer monitoring module transmits probe pulses to the single-core optical fiber, receives and analyzes the backscattered and reflected signals returned from the bent section, and extracts the scattering intensity drift as the micro-damage index; the optical fiber lifetime prediction module calculates the predicted remaining lifetime of the optical fiber based on the optical fiber bending radius, power supply laser, rotation speed, ambient temperature, and the micro-damage index; when the predicted remaining lifetime or micro-damage index is lower than a preset threshold, the early warning module issues a maintenance warning.

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