Remote meter reading method and system for electric energy meter

Abstract

This invention relates to the technical field of multipath signal acquisition, and discloses a remote meter reading method and system for electricity meters, comprising: establishing an electricity meter group on the same common path and obtaining a communication address; reading the operating status of each electricity meter and a data acquisition window including the most recent freeze time; sending a short preamble frame to trigger and obtain the sampling residual envelope; calculating the sampling-to-connection coupling edge parameter, meter reading load parameter, and protection waiting time slot number based on the residual envelope, operating status, and acquisition time window; generating an interleaved multiplexed reading sequence based on the meter reading load parameter and the protection waiting time slot number, and allocating formal reading time slots with protection waiting time slots; controlling the electricity meter to load and transmit the electricity reading value corresponding to the most recent freeze time according to the sequence; and finally parsing the response frame and outputting the electricity meter reading dataset.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of multipath signal acquisition, and more specifically, to a remote meter reading method and system for electricity meters. Background Technology

[0002] In existing low-voltage public path meter reading networks, concentrators typically send concurrent or time-division multiplexing reading commands to multiple energy meters according to a predetermined polling list. The metering units within the energy meters continuously sample and accumulate data, while the microcontroller moves the energy data to the storage register according to a fixed freeze period. When a large number of energy meters respond on the same line, channel collision avoidance and retransmission mechanisms cause the actual message interaction time to deviate from the planned time. Current task scheduling strategies primarily allocate time slots based on network routing connectivity or fixed address order, without considering the boundaries of the energy meter's underlying freeze action, register update delays, and the asynchronous state of the communication buffer. Therefore, within the nominal same meter reading cycle, the energy readings carried by the response messages from different nodes correspond to inconsistent sampling time windows. Furthermore, because the carrier-driven network and the anti-aliasing filter of the metering analog front end share the same source reference ground or phase line terminal, the transient line-driven current generated by the communication preamble and data frame will produce high-frequency residuals at the edge under the combined effect of the meter-end line impedance and nonlinear load. This residual can easily be refracted into the sampling sequence through the power supply reference terminal. When multiple meters interact continuously at high frequency, the overlapping sampling disturbances and communication queuing delays add up, causing the copied dataset to become discrete in terms of time synchronization and numerical continuity. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a remote meter reading method and system for electricity meters, which solves the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] In a first aspect, a remote meter reading method for an electricity meter is provided, applied to an electricity meter comprising a microcontroller, a metering sampling unit, a metering sampling buffer, a metering processing unit, a storage unit, a communication buffer, a communication unit, a clock unit, and a common path coupling port, the method comprising:

[0005] A common path energy meter group is established via the physical common path where the common path coupling port is located, and the communication address of each energy meter in the common path energy meter group is obtained. Read the operating status of each energy meter in the common path energy meter group and the data acquisition window including the most recent freeze time; Send a short preamble frame to the energy meter to trigger and collect the sampling residual envelope; Based on the sampling residual envelope, the operating status, and the data acquisition time window, the sampling-through coupling edge characteristic value, the meter reading load characteristic value, and the number of protection waiting time slots are calculated. A multiplexing reading sequence is generated based on the meter reading load characteristic value and the number of protection waiting time slots, and a formal reading time slot containing a time slot index is assigned to the energy meter in the multiplexing reading sequence; The energy meter is controlled to load and transmit the energy reading value corresponding to the most recent freeze time in the formal reading time slot according to the multiplexing reading sequence. Receive a response and output a data set of energy representation values ​​consisting of the communication address, the most recent freeze time, and the energy value.

[0006] Secondly, a remote meter reading system for an electricity meter is provided, applied to an electricity meter comprising a microcontroller, a metering sampling unit, a metering sampling buffer, a metering processing unit, a storage unit, a communication buffer, a communication unit, a clock unit, and a common path coupling port, wherein the system includes: The networking and address acquisition module is used to establish a common path energy meter group via the physical common path where the common path coupling port is located, and to acquire the communication address of each energy meter in the common path energy meter group. The status and time window reading module is used to read the operating status of each energy meter in the common path energy meter group and the data acquisition time window including the most recent freeze time; A preamble frame triggering module is used to send a short preamble frame to the energy meter to trigger and collect the sampling residual envelope; The parameter calculation module is used to calculate the sampling-to-connection coupling edge characteristic value, meter reading load characteristic value, and protection waiting time slot number based on the sampling residual envelope, the operating status, and the data acquisition time window. The sequence generation and allocation module is used to generate a multiplexed reading sequence based on the meter reading load characteristic value and the number of protection waiting time slots, and to allocate a formal reading time slot containing a time slot index to the energy meter in the multiplexed reading sequence; The meter reading control module is used to control the electricity meter to load and transmit the electricity reading value corresponding to the most recent freeze time in the formal reading time slot according to the multiplexed meter reading sequence. The dataset output module is used to receive the response and output a dataset of energy representation values ​​consisting of the communication address, the most recent freeze time, and the energy display value.

[0007] Beneficial effects include: by extracting the disturbance variables of the communication edge on the sampling channel, the coupling state of the signal chain inside the energy meter is transformed into the scheduling parameters of the common path multiplexing task. At the same time, the meter reading load is evaluated by combining the current load status and the historical communication anomaly ratio. High-intensity continuous disturbance responses are separated by using staggered sorting and insertion of protection waiting time slots. This reduces the risk of discrepancy in the indicated value time anchor caused by queuing delay within the same meter reading cycle, reduces local congestion and data retransmission frequency on the common channel, and improves the continuity, accuracy and stability of the entire remote meter reading process. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 This is a waveform diagram of residual extraction from the edge of the sampling coupling in this invention; Figure 2 This is the diagram of the multiplexing and copying strength interleaving and protection time slot arrangement of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a timing diagram of the meter reading frame interaction and the avoidance of the frozen boundary within the meter according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0009] The subject matter described herein will now be discussed with reference to exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the subject matter described herein, and changes may be made to the function and arrangement of the elements discussed without departing from the scope of this specification. Various processes or components may be omitted, substituted, or added as needed in the examples. Furthermore, features described in some examples may be combined in other examples.

[0010] Example 1: A remote meter reading method for an electricity meter, applied to an electricity meter comprising a microcontroller, a metering sampling unit, a metering sampling buffer, a metering processing unit, a storage unit, a communication buffer, a communication unit, a clock unit, and a common path coupling port, the method comprising: A common path energy meter group is established via the physical common path where the common path coupling port is located, and the communication address of each energy meter in the common path energy meter group is obtained. Read the operating status of each energy meter in the common path energy meter group and the data acquisition window including the most recent freeze time; Send a short preamble frame to the energy meter to trigger and collect the sampling residual envelope; Based on the sampling residual envelope, the operating status, and the data acquisition time window, the sampling-through coupling edge characteristic value, the meter reading load characteristic value, and the number of protection waiting time slots are calculated. A multiplexing reading sequence is generated based on the meter reading load characteristic value and the number of protection waiting time slots, and a formal reading time slot containing a time slot index is assigned to the energy meter in the multiplexing reading sequence; The energy meter is controlled to load and transmit the energy reading value corresponding to the most recent freeze time in the formal reading time slot according to the multiplexing reading sequence. Receive a response and output a data set of energy representation values ​​consisting of the communication address, the most recent freeze time, and the energy value.

[0011] S201, Initiate address discovery and path attribution confirmation on the physical common path.

[0012] Specifically, the centralized control node sends out an electromagnetic broadcast pulse sequence carrying a specific query identification code through the physical common path network, which is directly connected to the common path coupling port of each electricity meter. This electromagnetic broadcast pulse sequence is configured as a discovery command data frame for detecting the underlying connectivity status. In some optional embodiments, when sending this discovery command data frame, its transmission power level is limited to the range of 10 milliwatts to 50 milliwatts, and the length of the data frame is set to 32 bytes. Finally, through this globally signaled operation with strict energy level constraints, the verification and checking responses of all unknown receiving nodes connected to the same cable medium are triggered and activated. This physical interaction detection process is executed, and address discovery and path attribution confirmation are initiated on the physical common path.

[0013] S202, the energy meter that returns a response signal via the physical common path is included in the common path energy meter group.

[0014] Specifically, after successfully capturing and verifying the issued query identification code, each underlying energy meter device node activates its internal communication modulation drive circuit and sends a high-frequency digital modulation waveform containing its basic survival status characteristic parameters outward. This high-frequency digital modulation waveform is then extracted and defined as a response signal. Further, after issuing the query command, the data central control node configures and opens a receiving waiting window with a fixed duration span, specifically assigned a value of 200 milliseconds. Within this 200-millisecond fixed duration span, it continuously monitors the signal feedback status of the physical common path. In some optional implementations, when the response signal conforming to the communication protocol specification is demodulated and extracted, it is determined that the hardware node that issued the signal is truly attached to and can stably and bidirectionally connect to the current underlying conductor medium. Finally, the system allocates a relational queue space in the dynamic random access memory, sequentially registering and merging all device objects that meet this connectivity response condition according to the order of their arrival time. This logical merging operation incorporates energy meters that return response signals via the physical common path into the common path energy meter group, forming the same basic set domain for subsequent multiplexing time slot scheduling analysis.

[0015] S203, record the communication address, phase identifier, freeze period identifier, metering register group identifier, and interface identifier of each of the aforementioned energy meters.

[0016] Specifically, for each energy meter object successfully included in the same basic set domain, its uploaded frame payload attribute field is parsed; a hexadecimal hardware unique identifier encoding sequence consisting of 6 bytes is extracted from a fixed byte offset position and directly assigned as the communication address. Further, an integer classification parameter representing the specific line level of the AC power grid accessed by the energy meter, such as the first phase, second phase, or third phase, is extracted and assigned as the phase identifier; a parameter representing the time interval length during which the internal microcontroller of the energy meter periodically performs the energy accumulation snapshot transfer storage action is extracted, set to 15 minutes or 60 minutes, and assigned as the freeze period identifier. In some optional implementations, an integer index code parameter, such as 1 or 2, indicating that the internal storage unit contains specific mapped address data blocks such as instantaneous voltage and instantaneous current, is extracted and assigned as the metering register group identifier; a discrete identification sequence code representing the model type of the underlying carrier chip or communication bus modem is extracted and assigned as the interface identifier. Finally, the five categories of specific real numbers and code parameters that respectively reflect the addressing path, physical access location, internal data update frequency, storage memory structure, and underlying communication hardware medium type are combined as an indivisible whole data record entry and pushed into the corresponding associated field slots of the aforementioned relational queue space. Through this multi-dimensional attribute alignment and solidification saving operation, the communication address, phase identifier, freeze period identifier, metering register group identifier, and interface identifier of each of the aforementioned energy meters are recorded, providing underlying parameter support for subsequent accurate calculation of node meter reading load characteristics.

[0017] S301, a status read frame is sent to each of the energy meters in the common path energy meter group.

[0018] Specifically, the centralized control node retrieves the established common path energy meter group from the dynamic random access memory. In some optional implementations, according to the stored node hardware addressing sequence, a short message of a specific length is sequentially sent to each energy meter in the group to obtain the underlying operating parameter structure status and communication environment attributes of the node. Further, this short message of a specific length is configured to include a table address addressing field, a status query opcode, and a redundancy check field, with its total length fixed at 16 bytes; this short message of a specific length, with a fixed total length of 16 bytes, is extracted and set as the status read frame. Finally, the centralized control node transmits this frame data to the corresponding device entity through the underlying carrier communication medium or bus network medium, thereby issuing a trigger action command to query and obtain the node's operating parameters.

[0019] S302, the microcontroller reads the current effective voltage and current as the operating state from the metering processing unit, and reads the rated current from the storage unit.

[0020] Specifically, after the underlying receiving front-end of the energy meter captures the status read frame, its internal microcontroller responds to the query wake-up action. The microcontroller accesses the metering processing unit, which continuously performs analog-to-digital conversion and multiplication-accumulation operations on the AC power grid, through the internal integrated circuit interconnect bus or serial peripheral interface bus. Further, the root mean square (RMS) floating-point values ​​of voltage and current, reflecting the strength of the current AC waveform energy, are extracted from the specific result cache register of the metering processing unit. The RMS floating-point value of voltage is directly assigned and defined as the current effective voltage, typically fluctuating around 220. The RMS floating-point value of current is directly assigned and defined as the current effective current. In some optional embodiments, the current effective voltage and the current effective current are combined to form a set of parameters objectively reflecting the load level of the power grid line where the energy meter is located, and this set of parameters is defined as the operating state. Finally, synchronously, the microcontroller accesses the onboard non-volatile memory chip, i.e. the memory cell, through the data bus addressing, and reads the floating-point real current, such as 5 or 10, which represents the device's design carrying capacity and was burned into the fixed configuration area during the device's factory initialization stage. The floating-point real current is extracted and defined as the rated current, thereby providing a reference base scale for the system to subsequently evaluate the load bearing ratio and time slot occupancy weight of the current node.

[0021] S303, read the most recent freeze time and the next freeze boundary, which serves as the boundary of the data acquisition window, from the clock unit, and read the number of late responses and the number of no responses, which serve as historical communication states, from the communication unit.

[0022] Specifically, the microcontroller further calls the built-in real-time clock calendar chip, i.e., the clock unit; extracts the absolute timestamp of the most recent energy accumulation snapshot transfer and storage operation recorded within the clock unit, and defines this absolute timestamp as the most recent freeze moment. Further, based on the system-set fixed freeze period length of 15 minutes or 60 minutes, the real number corresponding to the most recent freeze moment is added to the real number of the time span corresponding to the fixed freeze period length to extrapolate and calculate the expected absolute timestamp of the next energy data snapshot transfer operation, and this expected absolute timestamp is defined as the next freeze boundary. In some optional embodiments, the most recent freeze moment and the next freeze boundary together constitute a closed discrete time interval span on the time axis, and this interval span is defined as the data acquisition window. Finally, the microcontroller simultaneously accesses the register address block of the communication unit internally executing communication scheduling and transmit / receive status recording; extracts the cumulative number of positive integers of events in the past 24 hours or 100 historical query communication polling tasks where the energy meter returned response frames exceeding a preset response delay window, such as 200 milliseconds, due to channel congestion, and assigns this number as the response delay count; synchronously extracts the cumulative number of positive integers of events where no response frames were returned due to severe network attenuation or collision conflicts, and assigns this number as the non-response count; combines the response delay count and the non-response count to construct a comprehensive evaluation index recording entity reflecting the degree of congestion and deterioration of the common path channel interaction of the node, and defines and extracts it as the historical communication status.

[0023] S304, wherein there is a time distance of at least one meter reading frame length between the receiving time of the status reading frame and the next freezing boundary.

[0024] Specifically, at the instant the status read frame is successfully captured by the underlying receiving buffer of the energy meter and verified by the processor, the system hardware timer latches the absolute timestamp of that instant, defining the absolute timestamp as the receiving time point of the status read frame. Further, before performing the preceding data acquisition and upward splicing reply actions, the system's underlying controller executes a time difference verification and comparison control command; using the expected absolute timestamp of the next frozen boundary as the minuend and the absolute timestamp corresponding to the receiving time point of the status read frame as the subtrahend, a subtraction calculation is performed to obtain the difference floating-point real number reflecting the current available idle operation time width. In some optional implementations, a set time span is obtained for transmitting a complete meter reading response message containing all data including the energy reading and redundant check bits at a specific carrier communication baud rate. This time span is specifically assigned within the range of 0.05 seconds to 0.1 seconds and defined as the transmission duration of the meter reading frame. Finally, the logic comparison component determines whether the floating-point real number of the difference is greater than or equal to the real number of the time span of the meter reading frame transmission duration. When it is determined that the floating-point real number of the difference is greater than or equal to the real number of the time span, it is determined that the constraint condition that there is a time distance of at least one meter reading frame transmission duration between the two is satisfied. The fulfillment of this condition indicates that there is a sufficient buffer protection interval between the current time point and the next power underlying register data refresh and freeze action, and there will be no underlying bus competition between the communication chip's operation of sending the response frame and the microcontroller's operation of moving the register. At this time, the system continues to execute the subsequent data assembly and enters the reply response processing thread.

[0025] S401, allocate a short detection time slot to each of the energy meters, and send the short preamble frame to the energy meter corresponding to the short detection time slot within the short detection time slot.

[0026] Specifically, during the initialization polling process, the concentrator's main control unit sequentially allocates an independent idle time interval on the time axis for each of the energy meters in the common path energy meter group, without overlapping with other nodes. In some optional implementations, the length of this idle time interval is set to 50 milliseconds, and this 50-millisecond idle time interval is extracted and defined as a short probe time slot. Within the start and end time boundaries corresponding to this short probe time slot, the concentrator directionally sends a carrier burst electromagnetic waveform for channel disturbance feature detection to the energy meter corresponding to the short probe time slot through the common path. Further, the carrier burst electromagnetic waveform is set to use the same frame header modulation method and the same physical coupling injection entry as the formal meter reading message, and its duration is limited to a closed interval between 1 millisecond and 5 milliseconds; this carrier burst electromagnetic waveform of a specific duration is assigned as a whole and defined as the short preamble frame. Finally, during the same time period when the short preamble frame is sent to the target addressing energy meter, all other unaddressed energy meters in the group are required to remain silent to avoid cross-communication collisions in a multiplexed environment.

[0027] S402, control the microcontroller to latch the start time node of the short preamble frame.

[0028] Specifically, in the underlying receiving coupling circuit of the target energy meter, the communication unit continuously monitors the carrier energy fluctuations on the low-voltage common path. In some optional implementations, when the front-end detector of the communication unit captures the rising edge of the first set of effective modulated carrier energy of the short preamble frame, and confirms through the communication message frame header that the destination address matches its own communication address, it triggers and sends a hardware interrupt feedback signal internally. Further, the microcontroller inside the energy meter responds and, upon receiving the hardware interrupt feedback signal, immediately accesses the built-in real-time high-precision clock calendar chip register; reads and records the absolute timestamp real number parameter corresponding to the moment the interrupt occurs, with the recording accuracy of the absolute timestamp real number parameter reaching the microsecond level. Finally, the microcontroller extracts the read absolute timestamp real number parameter from the dynamic volatile register, transfers and persistently stores it in the designated characteristic state static storage segment, performs latching through this extraction and transfer action, and directly assigns and defines this fixed absolute timestamp real number parameter as the start time node of the short preamble frame.

[0029] S403, in the metering sampling buffer, extract the sampling sequence of one half-cycle of power frequency before the starting time node and the sampling sequence of one half-cycle of power frequency after the starting time node.

[0030] Specifically, during normal operation of the AC power grid, the metering sampling unit inside the electricity meter continuously performs analog-to-digital conversion on the input analog voltage and analog current quantities at a fixed discrete sampling frequency. For example, it continuously converts the analog quantities into discrete sampled floating-point real numbers at a fixed frequency of 6400 Hz, and rolls these discrete sampled floating-point real numbers into the metering sampling buffer, which has a first-in-first-out queue storage structure. Further, the standard operating frequency of the AC power grid, 50 Hz, is extracted. Dividing 1 by 50 yields a single-cycle time length of 0.02 seconds. Dividing this 0.02 seconds by 2 calculates the time span length corresponding to half a cycle of a power frequency waveform change, which is 0.01 seconds, or 10 milliseconds. In some optional implementations, in the metering sampling buffer, the absolute timestamp real number parameter corresponding to the latched start time node is used as the data sequence segmentation reference origin; 10 milliseconds are counted backwards from this data sequence segmentation reference origin in the past direction of time flow, and all discrete voltage sampling floating-point real numbers contained in this time span are extracted. When voltage sampling is unavailable, discrete current sampling floating-point real numbers are extracted; these extracted data are combined into a first one-dimensional data array, which is defined as a sampling sequence of one half-cycle of power frequency before the start time node. Finally, similarly, 10 milliseconds are counted forwards from this data sequence segmentation reference origin in the future direction of time flow, and all discrete voltage or current sampling floating-point real numbers newly entered into the buffer within this time span are extracted; these newly extracted data are combined into a second one-dimensional data array, which is defined as a sampling sequence of one half-cycle of power frequency after the start time node.

[0031] S404, obtain the fundamental wave template of the sampling sequence, use the fundamental wave template to eliminate the power frequency fundamental wave component in the sampling sequence, and output the leading edge residual envelope and the trailing edge residual envelope respectively.

[0032] Specifically, within a clean, quiet early time window without communication carrier interaction prior to the extraction of the aforementioned time slice data, for example, within a specific time interval from 30 milliseconds to 20 milliseconds prior to the starting time node, an array of discrete real-valued AC waveform samples, equivalent to a 10-millisecond half-cycle length, is extracted from the metering channel of the energy meter within this interval. In some optional implementations, this array of discrete real-valued background waveform samples, unaffected by any communication burst energy disturbances, is extracted, defined, and established as the fundamental wave template. In the system's arithmetic logic processing unit, for each discrete real-valued sample within a sampling sequence of one power frequency half-cycle prior to the starting time node, it is used as the minuend; the discrete real-valued sample corresponding to the same power frequency phase position in the fundamental wave template is found as the subtrahend, and a subtraction operation is performed bitwise. Furthermore, by subtracting the periodic waveform fluctuations of the original steady-state AC power grid, the fundamental frequency component in the sampling sequence is eliminated, resulting in a set of fundamental deviation real numbers with positive and negative polarities reflecting the transient high-frequency disturbances at the edge. For each value in this set of fundamental deviation real numbers, an absolute value operation is performed to obtain a first set of non-negative floating-point real numbers. This first set of non-negative floating-point real numbers is directly assigned a value and output as the leading-edge residual envelope. Finally, using completely isomorphic positional subtraction and absolute value algebraic processing logic, for each discrete sampled real number within a sampling sequence of one half-cycle of the power frequency after the starting time node, the discrete sampled real number corresponding to the same power frequency phase position in the fundamental frequency template is subtracted, and the absolute value of the difference is calculated. This subtraction and absolute value operation eliminates the fundamental frequency component contained within this segment of the sampling array. The calculated second set of non-negative floating-point real numbers, representing the true carrier injection and communication response queuing extension characteristics, is assigned a value and output independently as the trailing-edge residual envelope.

[0033] S501, calculate the mean of the leading edge residual envelope and the mean of the trailing edge residual envelope.

[0034] Specifically, the leading edge residual envelope and the trailing edge residual envelope output in the preceding steps are extracted. In some optional embodiments, the leading edge residual envelope is represented as a one-dimensional data array containing a fixed number of discrete floating-point real numbers, set to 320 sampling points. The trailing edge residual envelope is also represented as a one-dimensional data array containing 320 discrete floating-point real numbers. Further, in the arithmetic operation unit, an addition and summation operation is performed on all the discrete floating-point real numbers contained within the leading edge residual envelope to obtain a first sum real number. This first sum real number is divided by the number of sampling points, 320, to calculate the mean of the leading edge residual envelope. Finally, in parallel, an addition and summation operation is performed on all discrete floating-point real numbers contained within the trailing edge residual envelope to obtain a second sum real number. This second sum real number is then divided by the same number of sampling points, 320, to calculate the mean of the trailing edge residual envelope. Through the above addition and division algebraic operation process, the operation of calculating the mean of the two envelopes is completed.

[0035] S502, calculate the absolute value of the difference between the mean of the leading edge residual envelope and the mean of the trailing edge residual envelope, divide the absolute value by the amplitude of the fundamental wave template, and obtain the sampling-pass coupling edge characteristic value.

[0036] Specifically, in the subtraction operator, the mean of the acquired leading edge residual envelope is extracted as the minuend, and the mean of the trailing edge residual envelope is used as the subtrahend. A subtraction operation is performed to obtain the real difference. In some optional implementations, an absolute value conversion operator is called to extract the positive polarity feature of the real difference, yielding the absolute value of the difference between the mean of the leading edge residual envelope and the mean of the trailing edge residual envelope. Further, the fundamental wave template used to eliminate the power frequency fundamental wave component is retrieved, and the average peak value of the fundamental wave template within the corresponding time window is extracted and defined as the amplitude of the fundamental wave template. A very small positive tolerance of 0.0001 is set to avoid division by zero anomalies. The amplitude of the fundamental wave template is added to this very small positive tolerance to obtain the denominator scalar. Finally, the absolute value calculated above is used as the dividend, and the scalar denominator is used as the divisor to perform a division operation; the division operation outputs a floating-point real number with the energy dimension excluded, and the floating-point real number is assigned, extracted and obtained to obtain the sampling coupling edge feature value.

[0037] S503, the current effective current is divided by the rated current to obtain the current coefficient, and the sum of the number of late responses and the number of no responses is divided to obtain the communication coefficient.

[0038] Specifically, the floating-point real value of the current effective current, which reflects the operating status of the energy meter, obtained from the preceding read operation, and the floating-point real value of the rated current, which characterizes the design load-bearing benchmark, are read from the storage unit. In some optional embodiments, in the division operation unit, the floating-point real value of the current effective current is used as the dividend, and the floating-point real value of the rated current is used as the divisor to perform a division calculation; the floating-point real number result reflecting the load off-center ratio output by this division calculation is assigned a value to obtain the current coefficient. Further, the positive integer values ​​of the number of delayed responses and the number of unresponded responses, which are previously read from the communication unit to record the historical interaction status, are simultaneously extracted; the positive integer values ​​of the number of delayed responses and the number of unresponded responses are fed into an adder to perform a summation calculation. Finally, the total number of historical query communication polling tasks in the past 100 times can be adjusted to 50 to 200 times according to the actual scenario, with a typical value of 100 times; the integer value of the sum calculated above is used as the dividend, and the total number is used as the divisor to perform division calculation. The resulting real number reflecting the frequency of channel congestion is extracted and the communication coefficient is obtained.

[0039] S504, the meter reading load characteristic value is obtained by multiplying the sampling coupling edge characteristic value, the current coefficient and the communication coefficient.

[0040] Specifically, the floating-point real numbers of the sampling-communication coupling edge characteristic value, the floating-point real number of the current coefficient, and the floating-point real number of the communication coefficient, calculated and output by the aforementioned independent computing channels, are extracted. In some optional embodiments, in the system's multiplication array, the floating-point real number of the sampling-communication coupling edge characteristic value and the floating-point real number of the current coefficient are multiplied together to obtain an intermediate product real number. Further, this intermediate product real number is then multiplied again with the floating-point real number of the communication coefficient. Finally, through this continuous cross-multiplication operation, the sampling disturbance parameters caused by the communication preamble frame, the high-load operation parameters of the energy meter, and the common path congestion frequency parameters are integrated and mapped onto the same numerical scale; the comprehensive floating-point real number output by the final multiplication calculation is extracted and defined to obtain the meter reading load characteristic value. The meter reading load characteristic value is a comprehensive evaluation coefficient; the larger the value, the greater the communication disturbance and load pressure of the energy meter on the common path.

[0041] S505, divide the meter reading load characteristic value by the average value of the meter reading load characteristic values ​​of all the electricity meters, and round up the quotient to obtain the number of protection waiting time slots.

[0042] Specifically, within the global task scheduling array, the floating-point real numbers of the meter reading load characteristic values ​​calculated by each of all meter nodes belonging to the same common path meter group are collected. In some optional implementations, the collected floating-point real numbers are summed by addition, and the total sum is divided by the integer number of meters in the common path meter group, for example, by 50, to calculate the average value of the meter reading load characteristic values ​​of all the meters. Further, the meter reading load characteristic value of a specific meter currently undergoing scheduling evaluation is extracted; the meter reading load characteristic value of this specific meter is used as the dividend, and the sum of the average value of the calculated meter reading load characteristic values ​​of all the meters plus a zero-prevention bias of 0.0001 is used as the divisor to perform a division operation to obtain the quotient value. Finally, the quotient is rounded up to determine whether it contains a fractional part greater than 0. If the result is that there is a fractional part greater than 0, all fractional parts are discarded and 1 is added to the integer part. If the fractional part is equal to 0, the integer part is retained. The positive integer parameter generated after the rounding up is defined and the protection waiting time slot number is obtained.

[0043] S506, divide the number of freeze cycles elapsed since the most recent freeze time by the meter reading load characteristic value to obtain the meter reading priority value.

[0044] Specifically, the system retrieves the current absolute timestamp provided by the internal clock of the main control chip, as well as the recorded absolute timestamp of the most recent freeze moment. In some optional implementations, the current absolute timestamp is subtracted from the absolute timestamp of the most recent freeze moment to calculate a time difference representing the elapsed time span. Further, the system-set fixed freeze period length is obtained and assigned a value of 15 minutes; the time difference is divided by 15 minutes, and the result is truncated downwards, discarding the decimal part and retaining only the integer part, to generate a positive integer result as the number of freeze periods elapsed since the most recent freeze moment. Finally, the floating-point real number of the meter reading load characteristic value specifically for the electricity meter calculated and output in the previous step is extracted; the positive integer result of the number of freezing cycles since the most recent freezing time is used as the dividend, and the safety denominator entity constructed by adding 1 to the floating-point real number of the meter reading load characteristic value is used as the divisor, and the division operation is performed; the floating-point ratio real number output by the division operation comprehensively weighs the urgency of the reading data lag and the current multiplexing pressure state of the node, and the floating-point ratio real number is directly extracted and shaped to obtain the reading priority value.

[0045] S601, the electricity meters in the common path electricity meter group are arranged in descending order of the value of the meter reading load characteristic value to generate a first sequence, and then arranged in ascending order of the value of the meter reading load characteristic value to generate a second sequence.

[0046] Specifically, the parameter list of all energy meter objects in the common path energy meter group recorded in the system memory is retrieved, and the floating-point real number of the meter reading load characteristic value independently calculated and derived by each energy meter in the previous steps is extracted. In some optional embodiments, in the array sorting processor, for these array combinations containing the floating-point real number and the corresponding energy meter object associated pointers, a descending sorting operator is activated, and a position swapping and rearrangement operation is performed according to the unidirectional decreasing rule of the meter reading load characteristic value from the largest to the smallest. Further, the one-dimensional node sequence object formed after the descending sorting operation is directly assigned and defined as the first sequence; the first sequence's front position gathers high-load nodes that are more severely affected by communication interaction and underlying signal interference. Finally, in parallel, the ascending sort operator is activated to perform a position swapping and rearrangement operation again on identical array combinations according to the unidirectional increasing rule of the meter reading load characteristic value from small to large; the other-dimensional node sequence object formed after the ascending sort operation is assigned and defined as the second sequence; the front position of the second sequence gathers low-load nodes that are less affected by communication interaction; through this bidirectional independent sorting and combination operation, the electricity meters in the common path electricity meter group are arranged in descending order of the meter reading load characteristic value to generate the first sequence, and arranged in ascending order of the meter reading load characteristic value to generate the second sequence.

[0047] S602, the elements in the first sequence and the second sequence are interleaved and merged in sequence. When the communication address is repeated during the merging, the earlier arrangement position is retained to generate an initial interleaved sequence.

[0048] Specifically, in the system data assembly control module, an initially empty cache list array is established; the read address pointers pointing to the first position of the first sequence and the read address pointers pointing to the first position of the second sequence are initialized respectively. In some optional implementations, according to the alternating pick-and-merge rule, the electricity meter object element pointed to by the current pointer of the first sequence is first extracted and pushed into the cache list array, and then the electricity meter object element pointed to by the current pointer of the second sequence is extracted and pushed into the same cache list array. Further, before each data push operation, the hexadecimal code of the electricity meter object to be pushed is extracted, i.e., the communication address, and compared with the communication addresses of all elements successfully written in the cache list array; when the comparison logic finds that the character sequence corresponding to the communication address already exists in the cache list array, a blocking interception instruction is triggered, the current merging and pushing operation of the electricity meter object to be pushed is abandoned, and the duplicate element is directly ignored and discarded. This operation mechanism ensures that when a duplicate communication address is encountered during merging, the earlier arrangement position is retained; if no duplicate address is found, the data is normally appended to the end of the cache array. Finally, after each picking decision, the read address pointers of the two sequences are incremented by 1 and incremented sequentially in a loop until all elements within the two sequences have been traversed and processed. The new one-dimensional object linked list entity, which is finally constructed by sequentially interleaving and merging the elements in the first and second sequences, is extracted as a whole, assigned a value, and an initial interleaved sequence is generated. This operation fully cross-isolates the strongly disturbed nodes and the weakly disturbed nodes in terms of temporal arrangement.

[0049] S603, in the initial interleaved sequence, for multiple energy meters with the same meter reading load characteristic value, they are rearranged from largest to smallest according to the reading priority value to generate the multiplexed reading sequence.

[0050] Specifically, the initial interleaved sequence generated by the previous interleaving and merging is extracted; within this initial interleaved sequence, a sequential scan is performed along the arrangement direction, comparing the floating-point real numbers of the meter reading load characteristic values ​​bound to adjacent and nearby energy meter objects. In some optional embodiments, multiple locally adjacent energy meters with completely identical meter reading load characteristic values ​​are located and extracted from this sequence, forming one or more local subsets. Further, for any local subset located by addressing, the positive integer parameter of the reading priority value calculated in the previous step based on the number of freeze cycles for each energy meter contained within it is retrieved; within the scope of this local subset, the local rearrangement processing component is activated, and each energy meter object is sorted and compared in descending order according to the reading priority value from largest to smallest, and its position is changed. Finally, the rearranged local subset object replaces the corresponding original segment in the initial interleaved sequence; by rearranging multiple energy meters with the same meter reading load characteristic value in the initial interleaved sequence according to the reading priority value from largest to smallest, under the same network interference pressure conditions, lagging reading nodes that have not returned valid reading data for a long time can obtain priority access to the common path; the one-dimensional array linked list set that has been finalized after all local order fine-tuning is extracted from the stack, and it is directly assigned and defined to generate the multiplexed reading sequence.

[0051] S604, assign the formal reading time slot and the time slot index to each of the energy meters in the multiplexing reading sequence, and append a number of protection waiting time slots, limited by the number of protection waiting time slots, to the end of the time of the formal reading time slot.

[0052] Specifically, for the multiplexed meter reading sequence established by the above deduction, the time slot resource allocation controller at the system's underlying layer is activated. In some optional implementations, along the arrangement direction of the multiplexed meter reading sequence, an initial integer scalar with a value of 1 is assigned to the first meter in the sequence, and the value is incremented by 1 each time the meter moves forward, obtaining a continuous positive integer array starting from 1 and increasing sequentially; the positive integer scalar allocated to each corresponding meter is directly assigned and extracted as the time slot index. Further, simultaneously, an independent time interval is defined for each meter in the sequence on a continuous communication time axis; the length of this time interval is set to 150 milliseconds, which satisfies the bidirectional propagation time of a complete data read request and data response message at a specific public network baud rate, and this time interval is assigned as the formal reading time slot, thereby completing the allocation of the formal reading time slot and the time slot index for each meter in the multiplexed meter reading sequence. Finally, the positive integer parameter of the number of protection waiting time slots, which is independently calculated and output for each energy meter based on the multiplexing load capacity, is retrieved; the duration of a single protection waiting time slot preset by the system is extracted to be 20 milliseconds; taking the end time coordinate point of the formal reading time slot as the starting position, multiple independent protection waiting time slots equal to the number of protection waiting time slots are continuously added to the positive scale of time shifting forward; these multiple consecutive protection waiting time slots are merged and spliced ​​together to form a silent buffer time band for channel carrier disturbance energy attenuation and common path recovery; through this operation process, the number of protection waiting time slots limited by the number of protection waiting time slots is added to the end of the time of the formal reading time slot.

[0053] S701, a reading request containing the communication address and the time slot index is sent sequentially according to the multiplexing copying sequence.

[0054] Specifically, the concentrator's main control unit retrieves the multiplexed meter reading sequence generated and finalized in the previous steps from the system memory. This multiplexed meter reading sequence contains information about multiple electricity meter nodes arranged in a sequential order. In some optional implementations, the concentrator's main control unit sets a read address pointer with an initial value of 1 and extracts record items one by one, starting from the first node in the multiplexed meter reading sequence. Further, for the record item pointed to by the current read address pointer, the communication address, consisting of a 6-byte hexadecimal hardware code, and the positive integer scalar allocated to that node, i.e., the time slot index, are extracted. Finally, in the concentrator's communication transmission and assembly buffer, the communication address and the time slot index, along with a preset meter reading operation code field, are sequentially concatenated to form a data frame containing 16 bytes. The assembled data frame is extracted as a whole and assigned a value to be finalized as a reading request. Subsequently, the concentrator's underlying carrier communication transmission circuit is activated, converting the reading request into a high-frequency alternating signal and transmitting it sequentially to the outside via the common path coupling port.

[0055] S702, the addressed energy meter, within the formal reading time slot, uses the microcontroller to load the most recent freeze time and the energy reading corresponding to the most recent freeze time from the storage unit into the communication buffer.

[0056] Specifically, multiple energy meters mounted on a common path continuously monitor channel signals through underlying receiving circuitry. In some optional implementations, when an energy meter receives a reading request, it extracts the address field from the request and compares it with its own local address. If the comparison matches, the energy meter is identified as the addressed energy meter. Further, the addressed energy meter retrieves its assigned time interval of 150 milliseconds, i.e., the formal reading time slot. Within the time boundary defined by the formal reading time slot, the microcontroller inside the energy meter responds to the read trigger action and accesses the onboard non-volatile memory chip, i.e., the memory cell, through the internal integrated circuit interconnect bus. Finally, in the storage unit, the historical energy snapshot data storage block is located, and the absolute timestamp of the most recent data snapshot action is extracted, which is the most recent freeze time. At the same time, the floating-point real value of the cumulative active energy consumed recorded at that time node is also extracted, which is the energy value. The microcontroller extracts the most recent freeze time and the energy value, and moves them from the storage unit and writes them into the static random access memory block responsible for assembling outgoing data, which is the communication buffer, through address addressing read and write operations, thus completing the internal loading of the data item to be sent.

[0057] S703, control the communication unit to send a response frame containing the communication address, the time slot index, the most recent freeze time and the power consumption value.

[0058] Specifically, after the data transfer and loading are completed, the microcontroller sends a data transmission enable command to the communication unit. Upon receiving the transmission enable command, the communication unit allocates a continuous byte buffer space in its internal packet splicing area. In some optional embodiments, within this byte buffer space, the following data is sequentially filled in according to the set carrier communication protocol format: the 6-byte hexadecimal hardware code of the energy meter itself (i.e., the communication address), the positive integer scalar assigned to this reading task (i.e., the time slot index), the most recent frozen time representing the absolute occurrence time scale, and the floating-point real number reflecting the cumulative electricity consumption at the corresponding time point (i.e., the energy value). Further, after all four types of feature fields are filled in, a 2-byte cyclic redundancy check (CRC) field is appended to the end of the data sequence; the spliced ​​one-dimensional byte stream sequence is then packaged and finalized to generate a response frame. Finally, the communication unit activates the underlying signal modem hardware circuit, converts the generated response frame into an analog frequency shift keying carrier signal or an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing carrier signal, and sends it out directly. This operation returns a data message containing actual power consumption status indicators and time stamps.

[0059] S704, after receiving the response frame, triggers and maintains the corresponding protection waiting time slot, and after the protection waiting time slot has elapsed, sends a reading request to the next adjacent energy meter in the multiplexing reading sequence.

[0060] Specifically, the data concentrator captures and demodulates the response frame from the energy meter through the receiving channel. In some optional implementations, at the absolute time point when the last stop bit of the response frame is detected to have left the receiving port and the cyclic redundancy check is completed, the system hardware timer latches this absolute time point as the end marker of the current data interaction round. Further, starting from this end marker, the concentrator main control unit independently calculates and outputs a silent buffer time band, i.e., the protection waiting time slot, composed of positive integer single micro-time slots of length, such as 20 milliseconds, for the specific energy meter based on the previous steps, and starts the countdown monitoring mode; during this period, the concentrator actively turns off its enable control bit for transmitting data, does not inject any new carrier interrogation level signal into the common path, and maintains the silent idle state of the bus channel. This action triggers and maintains the corresponding protection waiting time slot, allowing the high-frequency communication residual energy and channel coupling disturbance waveform remaining on the common path to naturally decay and dissipate. Finally, the system's internal timer continuously accumulates the elapsed time. When the accumulated elapsed time equals the length of the protection waiting time slot, that is, after the length of the protection waiting time slot has elapsed, the concentrator ends its silent waiting state. At this time, the concentrator's main control unit increments the previously set read address pointer value by 1, causing the read address pointer to shift backward and align with the next record item in the multiplexing reading sequence. The address and index information corresponding to the new record item are extracted, combined and encapsulated, and a reading request is sent to the next adjacent energy meter in the multiplexing reading sequence, thereby initiating the next round of node polling and time slot interactive scheduling closed-loop process.

[0061] S801, after the protection waiting time slot at the end of the multiplexing copy sequence is completed, the communication address and time slot index are parsed in the received response frame.

[0062] Specifically, the underlying timer of the centralized data control node continuously records the accumulated real number of elapsed time. When the accumulated real number of elapsed time increases and equals the silent buffer time length specifically set for the last energy meter in the multiplexed reading sequence, the system control flow determines that the operation time node has been reached after the protection waiting time slot at the end of the multiplexed reading sequence. In some optional embodiments, the centralized data control node activates the memory read access bus of the underlying communication receive buffer; it sequentially retrieves a one-dimensional continuous byte sequence of all the response frames received and buffered during the previous polling period from the buffer. Further, for each frame sequence, it locates a specific offset segment in the meter header according to the fixed byte offset address addressing dictionary set at the underlying level; it extracts a 6-byte hexadecimal hardware feature identification array in this segment, extracts it, and defines it as the communication address. Finally, the data segment of a specific length is extracted by shifting backward, for example, the positive integer parameter of the allocation sequence number with a length of 1 byte or 2 bytes is extracted and defined as the time slot index; through the above address positioning and fixed-length truncation reading actions, the processing of parsing the communication address and the time slot index on the received response frame is performed.

[0063] S802, after successful parsing, extract the corresponding communication address, the most recent freeze time, and the power consumption value.

[0064] Specifically, within the same processing thread acquiring the characteristics of each field, a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) summation component is initiated. The sequence of all payload bytes preceding the check bit of the response frame is used as the dividend polynomial, and modulo-2 division is performed with a preset generator polynomial to calculate and output a remainder term. In some optional implementations, the two-byte receive checksum appended to the end of the response frame is extracted and compared with the remainder term. When the comparison result indicates that the two values ​​are identical and without difference, the system determines that the current data packet has not experienced channel transmission distortion or loss, and outputs a logical truth status flag, which serves as the trigger condition after successful parsing. Further, under the condition that this trigger condition is met, the previously parsed and separated communication address representing the hardware's ownership is locked and retained in memory. Finally, offset addressing is performed within the frame payload data segment to extract the 4-byte timestamp real number containing absolute calendar time scale information. This is then extracted and defined as the corresponding most recent frozen time. Subsequently, the floating-point real number parameter representing the cumulative active power dissipation value immediately following the timestamp field is extracted and defined as the corresponding energy value.

[0065] S803, the extracted data is written as output items into the energy representation value dataset according to the ascending character order of the communication address.

[0066] Specifically, a two-dimensional relational data array architecture entity is allocated in the system's internal dynamic random access memory and initialized as the energy representation value dataset. In some optional implementations, the multi-dimensional parameter combination containing the communication address, the most recent freeze time, and the energy representation value, which has been validated and extracted in the previous step, is packaged and defined as an independent data record entity, i.e., an output item. All successfully generated sets of these output items within a single reading task batch are collected and sent to the array sorting comparator. Further, using the communication address carried within each output item as the primary sorting key, the hexadecimal encoded parameter is converted into a corresponding decimal numerical scalar. Following the unidirectional increasing rule of the numerical scalar, the positions of these output items in the memory queue are moved and replaced, thereby executing and implementing the arrangement rule based on the ascending character order of the communication address. Finally, all data rows that have been rearranged in ascending order are sequentially pushed into the corresponding empty storage slots of the two-dimensional relational data array architecture entity, namely the energy value dataset, using batch overwrite instructions, thus completing the aggregation and archiving action of writing the extracted data as output items into the energy value dataset.

[0067] S804, for the communication address of the energy meter that has not returned the response frame, fill in the null value identifier in the energy meter value dataset.

[0068] Specifically, the common path energy meter group, discovered and established based on the common path topology at the initial stage of the meter reading task, is retrieved, and the complete set of hardware codes for all target energy meters registered in this group, representing the total number of meters to be read, is extracted. In some optional implementations, the set of all communication addresses that have been successfully written into the energy meter value dataset is extracted; using a set difference operation logic comparator, the complete set of hardware codes is used as the minuend, and the set of communication addresses is used as the subtractor to perform a difference comparison and screening operation. Further, the remaining independent hardware code sequences output after the difference comparison and screening operation objectively indicate the missing nodes that failed to report carrier data on schedule due to abnormal conditions such as channel attenuation collisions or power outages, and these are extracted and defined as the communication addresses of energy meters that have not returned the response frame. Finally, in the aforementioned energy value dataset arranged in ascending order, based on the numerical values ​​of the missing communication addresses, a new blank data row is created at the corresponding sequence sorting position using an address pointer insertion instruction; the missing communication addresses are written into the primary key field of this new data row; a specific unusable character constant or a combination sequence where all bytes are equivalent to decimal 255 is defined to represent the data missing state, and this is extracted and defined as a null value identifier; within the attribute record bit field corresponding to the freeze time and energy value in this new data row, this null value identifier is overwritten and filled in; through this insertion and marking action, the final dataset uploaded to the main station maintains the same number of nodes as the total number of underlying archives and objectively presents the data missing state of a single point.

[0069] Example 2: A remote meter reading system for an electricity meter, applied to an electricity meter comprising a microcontroller, a metering sampling unit, a metering sampling buffer, a metering processing unit, a storage unit, a communication buffer, a communication unit, a clock unit, and a common path coupling port, the system comprising: The networking and address acquisition module is used to establish a common path energy meter group via the physical common path where the common path coupling port is located, and to acquire the communication address of each energy meter in the common path energy meter group. The status and time window reading module is used to read the operating status of each energy meter in the common path energy meter group and the data acquisition time window including the most recent freeze time; A preamble frame triggering module is used to send a short preamble frame to the energy meter to trigger and collect the sampling residual envelope; The parameter calculation module is used to calculate the sampling-to-connection coupling edge characteristic value, meter reading load characteristic value, and protection waiting time slot number based on the sampling residual envelope, the operating status, and the data acquisition time window. The sequence generation and allocation module is used to generate a multiplexed reading sequence based on the meter reading load characteristic value and the number of protection waiting time slots, and to allocate a formal reading time slot containing a time slot index to the energy meter in the multiplexed reading sequence; The meter reading control module is used to control the electricity meter to load and transmit the electricity reading value corresponding to the most recent freeze time in the formal reading time slot according to the multiplexed meter reading sequence. The dataset output module is used to receive the response and output a dataset of energy representation values ​​consisting of the communication address, the most recent freeze time, and the energy display value.

[0070] Appendix Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the sampling waveform and residual extraction within the power frequency cycle. Taking the initial trigger moment of the short preamble frame as the zero point, a power frequency half-cycle (T / 2, corresponding to a 10ms duration at 50Hz power frequency) is divided before and after it. The reference waveform is the power frequency fundamental wave template without communication disturbance, representing the normal sampling waveform of the energy meter's metering channel. The leading edge residual envelope is the disturbance waveform obtained by subtracting the actual sampling sequence from the fundamental wave template within the first half-cycle after the trigger moment, reflecting the baseline noise level before the disturbance. The trailing edge residual envelope is the disturbance waveform obtained by subtracting the actual sampling sequence from the fundamental wave template within the second half-cycle after the trigger moment, reflecting the edge interference intensity coupled into the metering channel by the short preamble frame. By comparing the residual envelopes of the two half-cycles, the sampling-communication coupling edge characteristic value can be quantitatively calculated.

[0071] Appendix Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the time slot arrangement for multi-meter time-division multiplexing reading on a common path. The overall structure employs a staggered arrangement of high-load and low-load meters. Each reading unit consists of a "formal reading time slot + protection waiting time slot." The formal reading time slot completes the interaction between the concentrator sending a reading request and the meter returning a response frame; the duration of each time slot is fixed at 150ms. The protection waiting time slot follows the formal reading time slot and serves as a channel quiet period, allowing carrier coupling disturbances from the previous communication to attenuate sufficiently. The number of protection waiting time slots is determined by the meter reading load characteristics of the corresponding meter; high-load meters correspond to more protection waiting time slots, and low-load meters correspond to fewer. By staggering high-load and low-load meters, the superposition of disturbances from consecutive high-load meters can be avoided, reducing channel crosstalk and sampling interference.

[0072] Appendix Figure 3This diagram illustrates the timing relationship between single-meter reading interaction and internal freeze operations. From top to bottom, it shows the timing of the interaction frames on the common path, the timing of the internal data processing of the energy meter, and the timing of the meter freeze time boundary. The concentrator first sends a reading request frame. After the energy meter receives and verifies the request, it loads the frozen data from the storage unit into the communication buffer and then sends a response frame back to the common path. On the timeline, the time of receiving the status reading frame, loading the data, and sending the response frame are all located between the most recent freeze time and the next freeze boundary, with a time margin of at least one meter reading frame length between them. This avoids resource contention between the communication bus operation and the freeze data update operation, ensuring that the read energy value corresponds to a unique and definite most recent freeze time.

[0073] The embodiments of this example have been described above. However, this example is not limited to the specific implementation methods described above. The specific implementation methods described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms based on the guidance of this example, and all of them are within the protection scope of this example.

Claims

1. A remote meter reading method of an electric energy meter, applied to an electric energy meter comprising a microcontroller, a meter sampling unit, a meter sampling buffer, a meter processing unit, a storage unit, a communication buffer, a communication unit, a clock unit and a public path coupling port, characterized in that, The method includes: A common path energy meter group is established via the physical common path where the common path coupling port is located, and the communication address of each energy meter in the common path energy meter group is obtained. Read the operating status of each energy meter in the common path energy meter group and the data acquisition window including the most recent freeze time; Send a short preamble frame to the energy meter to trigger and collect the sampling residual envelope; Based on the sampling residual envelope, the operating status, and the data acquisition time window, the sampling-through coupling edge characteristic value, the meter reading load characteristic value, and the number of protection waiting time slots are calculated. A multiplexing reading sequence is generated based on the meter reading load characteristic value and the number of protection waiting time slots, and a formal reading time slot containing a time slot index is assigned to the energy meter in the multiplexing reading sequence; The energy meter is controlled to load and transmit the energy reading value corresponding to the most recent freeze time in the formal reading time slot according to the multiplexing reading sequence. Receive a response and output a data set of energy representation values ​​consisting of the communication address, the most recent freeze time, and the energy value.

2. The remote meter reading method for an electricity meter according to claim 1, characterized in that, A common path energy meter group is established via the physical common path where the common path coupling port is located, and the communication address of each energy meter in the common path energy meter group is obtained, including: Initiate address discovery and path attribution confirmation on the physical common path; Energy meters that return response signals via the physical common path are included in the common path energy meter group; Record the communication address, phase identifier, freeze period identifier, metering register group identifier, and interface identifier for each of the aforementioned energy meters.

3. The remote meter reading method for an electricity meter according to claim 2, characterized in that, Reading the operating status of each energy meter in the common path energy meter group and the data acquisition window including the most recent freeze time includes: Send a status read frame to each of the energy meters in the common path energy meter group; The microcontroller reads the current effective voltage and current effective current, which are the operating states, from the metering processing unit, and reads the rated current from the storage unit. The most recent freeze time and the next freeze boundary, which serves as the boundary of the data acquisition window, are read from the clock unit, and the number of late responses and the number of no responses, which serve as historical communication states, are read from the communication unit. The time distance between the receiving time of the status reading frame and the next freezing boundary is at least the length of a meter reading frame.

4. The remote meter reading method for an electricity meter according to claim 3, characterized in that, Sending a short preamble frame to the energy meter to trigger and acquire the sampling residual envelope includes: A short detection time slot is allocated to each of the energy meters, and the short preamble frame is sent to the energy meter corresponding to the short detection time slot within the short detection time slot; The microcontroller is controlled to latch the start time node of the short preamble frame; In the metering sampling buffer, a sampling sequence of one half-cycle of power frequency before the start time node and a sampling sequence of one half-cycle of power frequency after the start time node are extracted. Obtain the fundamental wave template of the sampling sequence, use the fundamental wave template to eliminate the power frequency fundamental wave component in the sampling sequence, and output the sampling residual envelope, which includes the leading edge residual envelope and the trailing edge residual envelope.

5. The remote meter reading method for an electricity meter according to claim 4, characterized in that, Based on the sampling residual envelope, the operating status, and the data acquisition time window, the sampling-to-connection coupling edge characteristic value, the meter reading load characteristic value, and the number of protection waiting time slots are calculated, including: Calculate the mean of the leading edge residual envelope and the mean of the trailing edge residual envelope; Calculate the absolute value of the difference between the mean of the leading edge residual envelope and the mean of the trailing edge residual envelope, and divide the absolute value by the amplitude of the fundamental wave template to obtain the sampling-pass coupling edge characteristic value. The current coefficient is obtained by dividing the current effective current by the rated current, and the communication coefficient is obtained by dividing the sum of the number of late responses and the number of no responses by a constant. The meter reading load characteristic value is obtained by multiplying the sampling coupling edge characteristic value, the current coefficient, and the communication coefficient; The number of protection waiting time slots is obtained by dividing the meter reading load characteristic value by the average value of the meter reading load characteristic values ​​of all the electricity meters and rounding the quotient up. The reading priority value is obtained by dividing the number of freeze cycles elapsed since the most recent freeze time by the meter reading load characteristic value.

6. The remote meter reading method for an electricity meter according to claim 5, characterized in that, A multiplexing reading sequence is generated based on the meter reading load characteristic value and the number of protection waiting time slots, and a formal reading time slot containing a time slot index is assigned to the energy meter in the multiplexing reading sequence, including: The electricity meters in the common path electricity meter group are arranged in descending order of the meter reading load characteristic value to generate a first sequence, and then arranged in ascending order of the meter reading load characteristic value to generate a second sequence. The elements in the first sequence and the second sequence are interleaved and merged in sequence. When the communication address is repeated during the merging, the earlier arrangement position is retained to generate an initial interleaved sequence. In the initial interleaved sequence, for multiple energy meters with the same meter reading load characteristic value, they are rearranged from largest to smallest according to the reading priority value to generate the multiplexed reading sequence; Assign the formal reading time slot and the time slot index to each of the energy meters in the multiplexing reading sequence, and append a number of protection waiting time slots, limited by the number of protection waiting time slots, to the end of the time of the formal reading time slot.

7. The remote meter reading method for an electricity meter according to claim 6, characterized in that, Controlling the energy meter to load and transmit the energy reading value corresponding to the most recent freeze time in the formal reading time slot according to the multiplexing reading sequence includes: Reading requests containing the communication address and the time slot index are sent sequentially according to the multiplexing read sequence; During the formal reading time slot, the addressed energy meter uses the microcontroller to load the most recent freeze time and the energy reading corresponding to the most recent freeze time from the storage unit into the communication buffer. The communication unit is controlled to send a response frame containing the communication address, the time slot index, the most recent freeze time, and the power consumption value. After receiving the response frame, the corresponding protection waiting time slot is triggered and maintained, and after the protection waiting time slot has elapsed, a reading request is sent to the next adjacent energy meter in the multiplexing reading sequence.

8. The remote meter reading method for an electricity meter according to claim 7, characterized in that, Receive a response and output a data set of energy meter values ​​consisting of the communication address, the most recent freeze time, and the energy meter reading, including: After the protection wait time slot at the end of the multiplexing read sequence is completed, the communication address and time slot index are parsed in the received response frame; After successful parsing, extract the corresponding communication address, the most recent freeze time, and the power consumption value; The extracted data is written into the energy representation value dataset as output items, in ascending order of the characters of the communication address. For the communication address of an energy meter that does not return the response frame, a null value identifier is filled into the energy meter value dataset.

9. A remote meter reading system for an electricity meter, applied to an electricity meter comprising a microcontroller, a metering sampling unit, a metering sampling buffer, a metering processing unit, a storage unit, a communication buffer, a communication unit, a clock unit, and a common path coupling port, characterized in that, The system includes: The networking and address acquisition module is used to establish a common path energy meter group via the physical common path where the common path coupling port is located, and to acquire the communication address of each energy meter in the common path energy meter group. The status and time window reading module is used to read the operating status of each energy meter in the common path energy meter group and the data acquisition time window including the most recent freeze time; A preamble frame triggering module is used to send a short preamble frame to the energy meter to trigger and collect the sampling residual envelope; The parameter calculation module is used to calculate the sampling-to-connection coupling edge characteristic value, meter reading load characteristic value, and protection waiting time slot number based on the sampling residual envelope, the operating status, and the data acquisition time window. The sequence generation and allocation module is used to generate a multiplexed reading sequence based on the meter reading load characteristic value and the number of protection waiting time slots, and to allocate a formal reading time slot containing a time slot index to the energy meter in the multiplexed reading sequence; The meter reading control module is used to control the electricity meter to load and transmit the electricity reading value corresponding to the most recent freeze time in the formal reading time slot according to the multiplexed meter reading sequence. The dataset output module is used to receive the response and output a dataset of energy representation values ​​consisting of the communication address, the most recent freeze time, and the energy display value.

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