Digital post-distortion power headroom report

Abstract

Example embodiments of this disclosure relate to Digital Post-Distortion (DPoD) Power Headroom Report (PHR). In one method, a first device determines that the transmission of a DpoD PHR for training and / or selecting a DpoD model is activated. The first device sends the DpoD PHR to a second device. In this way, the second device can receive the DpoD PHR for training and / or selecting a DpoD model.

Description

Cross-reference to related applications

[0001] This application claims priority and benefit to EP application No. 25154606.5, filed on January 29, 2025, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] Various exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are generally related to the telecommunications field, and more particularly to methods, apparatus, devices, and computer-readable storage media for digital post-distortion (DPoD) power headroom reporting (PHR). Background Technology

[0003] A communication network can be used as a facility to enable communication between two or more communication devices or to provide communication devices with access to a data network. A mobile or wireless communication network is an example of a communication network. Communication devices may be serviced by an application server.

[0004] As the size, complexity, and number of users of communication networks and services increase, operations within these networks become increasingly complex. To improve communication performance, it is necessary to enhance transmission power efficiency, such as uplink transmission power efficiency. For example, the network can provide assistance for uplink transmission power consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In a first aspect of this disclosure, a first apparatus is provided. The first apparatus includes: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus to at least: determine that a transmission of a DPoD PHR for training and / or selecting a DPoD model is activated; and send the DPoD PHR to a second apparatus.

[0006] In a second aspect of this disclosure, a second apparatus is provided. The second apparatus includes: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second apparatus to at least: receive a DpoD PHR for training and / or selecting a DPoD model from a first apparatus, wherein the DPoD PHR is sent from the first apparatus after the DPoD PHR is activated.

[0007] In a third aspect of this disclosure, a method is provided. The method includes: determining at a first device that a transmission of a DPoD PHR for training and / or selecting a DPoD model is activated; and sending the DPoD PHR to a second device.

[0008] In a fourth aspect of this disclosure, a method is provided. The method includes: receiving, at a second device, a DPoD PHR for training and / or selecting a DPoD model from a first device, wherein the DPoD PHR is transmitted from the first device after the DPoD PHR is activated.

[0009] In a fifth aspect of this disclosure, a first apparatus is provided. The first apparatus includes: components for determining that a transmission of a DPoD PHR for training and / or selecting a DPoD model is activated; and components for transmitting the DPoD PHR to a second apparatus.

[0010] In a sixth aspect of this disclosure, a second apparatus is provided. The second apparatus includes: a component for receiving from a first apparatus a DPoD PHR for training and / or selecting a DPoD model, wherein the DPoD PHR is transmitted from the first apparatus after the DPoD PHR is activated.

[0011] In a seventh aspect of this disclosure, a computer-readable medium is provided. The computer-readable medium includes instructions stored thereon for causing a device to perform at least the method according to a third or fourth aspect.

[0012] It should be understood that the summary portion is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of this disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Other features of this disclosure will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Some exemplary embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 An example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented is shown; Figure 2 Example signaling flows for DPoD PHR transmissions are shown according to some example embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 3A Example graphs of the DPoD model and its results are shown; Figure 3B An example diagram of the DPoD block in the entire system is shown; Figure 3C An example graph is shown illustrating the EVM curves before and after DPoD in the receiver; Figure 4 Example signaling flows for DPoD PHR reporting are shown according to some example embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 5 Another example signaling flow for DPoD PHR reporting is shown according to some example embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 6Example signaling streams for DPoD PHR generation and transmission are shown according to some example embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 7 Example diagrams are shown of trigger configurations for activating the DPoD PHR according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure; Figure 8 A flowchart is shown illustrating a method implemented at a first device according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure; Figure 9 A flowchart is shown illustrating a method implemented at a second device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure; Figure 10 Another flowchart of a method implemented at a first device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure is shown; Figure 11 A simplified block diagram of a device suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure is shown; and Figure 12 A block diagram of an example computer-readable medium according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0014] Throughout the accompanying drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The principles of this disclosure will now be described with reference to some exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are described for illustrative purposes only and to assist those skilled in the art in understanding and implementing this disclosure, without imposing any limitation on the scope of this disclosure. The embodiments described herein can be implemented in various ways other than those described below.

[0016] In the following description and claims, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0017] References to "an embodiment," "embodiment," "example embodiment," etc., in this disclosure indicate that the described embodiment may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment needs to include that particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Furthermore, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Moreover, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, whether explicitly described or not, it is believed that its influence on such feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments is within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

[0018] It should be understood that although various elements may be described herein using prefixes such as “first,” “second,” etc., these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another, and they do not restrict the order of the terms. For example, without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments, a first element may be referred to as a second element, and similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.

[0019] As used herein, “at least one of the following: ” and “at least one of ” and similar wording, where a list of two or more elements is connected by “and” or “or”, means at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all of the elements.

[0020] As used herein, unless explicitly stated otherwise, “responding to A” does not indicate that the step is performed immediately after “A” occurs and one or more intermediate steps may be included.

[0021] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” “having,” “including,” and / or “containing” as used herein specify the presence of the stated features, elements, and / or components, etc., but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0022] As used in this application, the term "circuit system" may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) Hardware circuit implementation only (such as implementation only in analog and / or digital circuit systems), and (b) A combination of hardware circuitry and software, such as (if applicable): (i) A combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuitry with software / firmware, and (ii) Any part of a hardware processor with software (including digital signal processors, software, and memory that work together to enable devices (such as mobile phones or servers) to perform various functions), and (c) Hardware circuitry and / or processors that require software (e.g., firmware) to operate, such as a microprocessor or a portion thereof, but the software may not be present when operation is not required.

[0023] This definition of circuit system applies to all uses of the term in this application, including in any claim. As another example, as used in this application, the term circuit system also covers implementations of hardware circuitry or processors (or processors in general) or a portion thereof and their accompanying software and / or firmware. For example, and if applicable to a particular claim element, the term circuit system also covers baseband integrated circuits or processor integrated circuits used in mobile devices or servers, cellular network devices, or other computing or networking devices.

[0024] As used herein, the term "communication network" refers to a network that conforms to any suitable communication standard, such as New Radio (NR), Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE Advanced (LTE-A), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), etc. Furthermore, communication between terminal devices and network devices in a communication network can be performed according to any suitable generated communication protocol, including but not limited to first-generation (1G), second-generation (2G), 2.5G, 2.75G, third-generation (3G), fourth-generation (4G), 4.5G, fifth-generation (5G), 5.5G, sixth-generation (6G) communication protocols and / or any other currently known or future-developed protocols. Embodiments of this disclosure can be applied to a variety of communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will naturally be future types of communication technologies and systems that can implement this disclosure. The scope of this disclosure should not be limited to the aforementioned systems only.

[0025] As used herein, the term "network device" refers to a node in a communications network through which terminal devices access the network and receive services. Network devices can refer to base stations (BS) or access points (APs), such as Node B (NodeB or NB), evolved Node B (eNodeB or eNB), NR NB (also known as gNB), Remote Radio Unit (RRU), Radio Header (RH), Remote Radio Header (RRH), repeater, Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node, low-power node (such as femtoseconds, picoseconds), non-terrestrial network (NTN) or non-terrestrial network equipment (such as satellite network equipment, low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, and geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellites), spacecraft network equipment, etc., depending on the terminology and technology applied. In some example embodiments, the Radio Access Network (RAN) split architecture includes a centralized unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU) at the IAB donor node. An IAB node includes a mobile terminal (IAB-MT) portion that behaves like a UE towards its parent node, and a DU portion of the IAB node that behaves like a base station towards the next-hop IAB node.

[0026] The term "terminal device" refers to any terminal device capable of wireless communication. As an example and not a limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE), subscriber station (SS), portable subscriber station, mobile station (MS), or access terminal (AT). Terminal devices can include, but are not limited to, mobile phones, cellular phones, smartphones, Voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, tablets, wearable terminal devices, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable computers, desktop computers, image capture terminal devices (such as digital cameras), gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback devices, in-vehicle wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop embedded devices (LEEs), laptop devices (LMEs), USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer premises equipment (CPEs), Internet of Things (IoT) devices, watches or other wearable devices, head-mounted displays (HMDs), vehicles, drones, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in the context of industrial and / or automated processing chains), consumer electronics devices, devices operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, etc. The terminal device may also correspond to the mobile terminal (MT) portion of an IAB node (e.g., a relay node). In the following description, the terms "terminal device," "communication device," "terminal," "user equipment," and "UE" are used interchangeably.

[0027] As used herein, the terms “resource,” “transmission resource,” “resource block,” “physical resource block” (PRB), “uplink resource,” or “downlink resource” can refer to any resource used to perform communication, such as communication between a terminal device and a network device, including resources in the time domain, frequency domain, spatial domain, code domain, or any other combination of time-domain, frequency-domain, spatial-domain, and / or code-domain resources used to implement communication. In the following, unless explicitly stated otherwise, resources in both the frequency and time domains will be used as examples of transmission resources used to describe some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure. Note that the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.

[0028] As used in this paper, the term "model" refers to the association between inputs and outputs learned from training data, and therefore can generate corresponding outputs for a given input after training. Specifically, an intelligent (AI) / machine learning (ML) model can refer to a data-driven algorithm that applies AI / ML techniques to generate a set of outputs based on a set of inputs. Model generation can be based on ML techniques. ML techniques can also be referred to as AI techniques. Typically, ML models can be built that receive input information and make predictions based on that input information. As used in this paper, "model" is equivalent to an AI / ML model or a data-driven / data processing algorithm / process.

[0029] As used herein, the term "AI / ML model delivery" is a general term referring to the delivery of an AI / ML model from one entity to another in any manner. It should be noted that an entity can refer to a network node / function (e.g., gNB, Location Management Function (LMF), etc.), UE, proprietary server, etc. The term "AI / ML model inference" refers to the process of using a trained AI / ML model to produce a set of outputs based on a set of inputs.

[0030] The term "AI / ML model testing" refers to the training sub-process used to evaluate the performance of the final AI / ML model using a different dataset than that used for model training and validation. Unlike AI / ML model validation, testing does not assume subsequent tuning of the model.

[0031] The term "AI / ML model training" refers to the process of training an AI / ML model, for example, by learning input / output relationships in a data-driven manner, and obtaining a trained AI / ML model for inference.

[0032] The term "model identification" refers to the process or method of identifying an AI / ML model for mutual understanding between the NW and UE. It should be noted that the process or method of model identification may or may not be applicable. It should also be noted that information about the AI / ML model may be shared during model identification.

[0033] The term "model selection" refers to the process of selecting an AI / ML model to activate among multiple models used for enabling the same AI / ML feature. It should be noted that model selection may or may not be performed concurrently with model activation. The term "model update" refers to the process of updating the model parameters and / or model structure of a model. The term "model parameter update" refers to the process of updating the model parameters of a model. The term "model upload" refers to the transfer of a model from the UE to the network.

[0034] The term "data collection" refers to the process by which network nodes, management entities, or user units collect data for the purposes of AI / ML model training, data analysis, and inference.

[0035] The term "offline field data" refers to data collected from the field and used for offline training of AI / ML models. The term "online field data" refers to data collected from the field and used for online training of AI / ML models.

[0036] The term "offline training" refers to the AI / ML training process in which a model is trained based on a collected dataset, and where the trained model is later used or delivered for inference. It should be noted that this definition is for guidance only. There may be cases that do not perfectly fit this definition but can still be classified as offline training by generally accepted conventions.

[0037] The term "online training" refers to the AI / ML training process where the model used for inference is trained (typically continuously) as new training samples arrive (nearly real-time). Note: The concepts of (near) real-time and non-real-time are context-dependent and relative to the inference timescale. It should be noted that this definition is for guidance only. There may be cases that do not perfectly fit this definition but can still be classified as online training by generally accepted conventions. It should be noted that fine-tuning / retraining can be done via either online or offline training. This note can be removed for fine-tuning.

[0038] The term "reinforcement learning (RL)" refers to the process of training an AI / ML model from the model's outputs (also known as actions) and feedback signals (also known as rewards) generated from the model's interactions with its environment.

[0039] Figure 1 An example communication environment 100 in which exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented is shown. In the communication environment 100, a plurality of devices, including a first device 110 and a second device 120, communicate with each other.

[0040] In some example embodiments, if the first device 110 is a terminal device and the second device 120 is a network device serving the terminal device, the transmission direction from the second device 120 to the first device 110 is referred to as the downlink (DL), and the transmission direction from the first device 110 to the second device 120 is referred to as the uplink (UL). In the DL, the second device 120 is a transmitting (TX) device (or transmitter), and the first device 110 is a receiving (RX) device (or receiver). In the UL, the first device 110 is a TX device (or transmitter), and the second device 120 is an RX device (or receiver).

[0041] exist Figure 1 In the example, the second device 120 has a coverage area, which may be referred to as a service area or cell (not shown). The first device 110 is located in the cell covered by the second device 120. In the communication environment 100, the second device 120 can transmit data and control information to the first device 110, and the first device 110 can also transmit data and control information to the second device 120.

[0042] It should be understood that Figure 1The number of devices and their connections shown is for illustrative purposes only and does not imply any limitation. The communication environment 100 may include any suitable number of devices configured to implement the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure.

[0043] In the following description, for illustrative purposes, some exemplary embodiments are described in which the first device 110 operates as a terminal device and the second device 120 operates as a network device. However, in some exemplary embodiments, the operations described in connection with the terminal device can be implemented at the network device or other devices, and the operations described in connection with the network device can be implemented at the terminal device or other devices.

[0044] Communication in communication environment 100 can be implemented according to any suitable communication protocol, including but not limited to cellular communication protocols, wireless local area network communication protocols (such as IEEE 802.11, etc.), and / or any other currently known or future-developed protocols. Furthermore, communication can utilize any suitable wireless communication technology, including but not limited to: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), Time Division Duplex (TDD), Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), and / or any other currently known or future-developed technologies.

[0045] In some mechanisms, there are two conditions from the specification that directly affect the maximum output power of the UE. The maximum output power of a UE in 5G is defined by its power class, which specifies the maximum transmit power the device can use. Power classes are standardized by 3GPP and vary depending on the frequency band and device type. As an example of a power class, power class 3 can be defined in the standard shown in Table 1 below. It should be understood that the power classes, NR bands, and values ​​in Table 1 are for illustrative purposes only and do not imply any limitations.

[0046] Table 1

[0047] The network can send power control commands to the UE, including transmit power control (TPC) commands. These commands instruct the UE to increase or decrease its transmit power. By default, the network does not know the exact power level that the UE is transmitting, therefore the network requests a power headroom report from the UE.

[0048] In some communication networks, such as 6G networks, DPoD is expected to be a feature that allows for further efficiency improvements. Digital post-distortion allows the transmission of modulated spectral content within the channel bandwidth to exceed the error vector amplitude (EVM) requirements used up to 5G. Transmitting with a larger EVM allows the network to optimize power amplifier (PA) efficiency, but requires assistance from the network (NW) to apply digital post-distortion to the received signal to improve the quality of the received signal, which has already been distorted due to nonlinear effects from the UE PA transmitter. Therefore, uplink DPoD allows for higher base transceiver station (BTS) Tx EVM to improve power efficiency with minimal impact on block error rate (BLER) or throughput, but at the cost of higher NW implementation complexity.

[0049] For digital post-distortion, the NW needs information about the nonlinear characteristics of the UE to model the PA and mitigate the damage caused by nonlinearities such as in-band distortion (e.g., EVM). Most UEs have their own digital pre-distortion models, and ideally, the parameters (weights) of the model can be switched to the gNB.

[0050] However, the power amplifiers used in the UE are integrated into a module that includes several other components, such as filters, switches, matching components, etc. Furthermore, for the same component carrier, the UE front-end path can be changed from one module to another. The digital predistortion (DPD) model of the UE is complex and generates significant signaling overhead if the UE shares the DPD model for DPoD applications with the gNB.

[0051] The ideal solution would be a linearized online DPoD architecture for the actual UE, without requiring the UE to reveal any nonlinear information about the PA. However, a major challenge exists in online operation for both AI / ML-based and non-AI / ML-based processes, as both non-AI / ML processes (e.g., least squares) and AI / ML processes require model estimation during online operation. These model estimations may require several iterations, and the duration of the operation may exceed the time slot length (e.g., 1 ms). Therefore, for "online" operation, it would be beneficial for the gNB to have a pre-trained "offline" model of the UE and use it during online application.

[0052] Furthermore, the exact power capacity of the UE cannot be used for NW during open-loop or closed-loop power control. For example, for a Class 3 UE, the NW requirement is 23 dBm + / - 2 dB, as shown in Table 1. This means the UE can have a maximum output power of either 21 dBm or 25 dBm, both of which are acceptable for type approval. If the model generated by the gNB (offline model) takes into account the exact power of the UE, it will be possible to create a more accurate model for each power level.

[0053] Because UE transmitters use different PA technologies, there is a challenge in developing a universal model applicable to all UEs in the market. One issue is how the gNB can perform "online" DPoD based on an offline model trained on uplink transmissions applied to different UEs or all UEs. It is also necessary to consider which signaling from the UE to the NW confirms the UE's actual transmitter power. Furthermore, it is desirable to build a universal model for a wide variety of UEs that covers even all types of UEs.

[0054] The idea behind DPoD is to mitigate distortion caused by the PA, specifically in the nonlinear region of the PA that is directly related to the actual transmitted power. Therefore, ideally, any DPoD model needs to be based on the actual power level of the UE transmitter and the specific nonlinear behavior of the PA (depending on the PA architecture and PA vendor).

[0055] During online operation, the gNB does not know the UE's actual power, but it can obtain it using the PHR report. Power headroom refers to the difference between the maximum power a mobile device can transmit and the actual power it uses at any given time. The power headroom reported by the UE allows the gNB to know the UE's "exact" power capability.

[0056] PHR reporting is required because for Class 3 UEs, the 3GPP requirement is 23 dBm + / - 2 dB. This means that a UE can have a maximum output power of either 21 dBm or 25 dBm, both of which are acceptable for type approval. If the gNB wants to select the appropriate modulation and coding scheme (MCS) or resource block (RB) number in the next time slot, the gNB needs to know the actual UE's PHR. For example, if UE1 has only 1 dB PHR and UE2 has 5 dB PHR, the gNB will not assign the very high MCS to UE1, but can assign it to UE2.

[0057] In some mechanisms, a Periodic Response Time (PHR) can be periodically triggered from the network based on actual needs (such as the next MCS, the number of RBs, SCell activation, etc.). The reported PHR depends on the UE's choice of transmission paths. The UE can choose different transmission paths in the front-end modules for uplink and downlink carrier aggregation, as well as dual connectivity for the same component carrier (CC). This depends on how the UE selects the optimal path, and this is done autonomously within the UE. In addition, the maximum power capacity of each CC can be related to the UE's actual temperature (at high temperatures, the UE's transmit power can be reduced) and antenna mismatch (how the user physically handles the UE).

[0058] However, existing 5G specifications do not specify a time to request a PHR for DPoD activity. The NW cannot use PHR reports previously triggered for other applications (MCS, RB allocation, etc.) because, as mentioned above, PHR reports are dynamic and depend on the selected transmission path in the UE, UE temperature, and antenna mismatch, and how the UE is physically handled. On the other hand, the NW does not need to activate DPoD unless it knows the UE is at high power (e.g., >20 dBm), and this condition only exists at cell edges and in high MCS.

[0059] To address at least some of the aforementioned or other potential problems, several solutions regarding DPoD PHRs have been proposed. In these solutions, a first device, such as a terminal device, determines that a transmission of the DPoDPHR for training and / or selecting a DPoD model is activated. In response to the activation of the transmission, the first device sends the DPoDPHR to a second device, such as a network device.

[0060] In this way, the first device can determine whether the transmission of the DPoD PHR is activated. In this way, the timing of reporting the DPoD PHR can be determined at the first device. In an example embodiment, the first device can decide to send the DPoD PHR upon receiving a trigger for the DPoD PHR from the second device. In another example embodiment, the first device can decide to send the DPoD PHR in response to receiving a request to deactivate the DPD. Using these embodiments, the DPoD PHR can be sent if needed. The gNB can then use the DPoD PHR to train and / or select a DPoD model.

[0061] The principles and implementation methods of this disclosure will now be described in detail. Note that... Figure 2 and Figures 4 to 7 The sequence of actions shown is merely an example and not a limitation. Actions can be performed in any suitable manner. Reference Figure 2 and Figures 4 to 7The described example embodiments can be implemented individually or in any combination. For example, one or more example embodiments shown in a single figure can be combined with one or more example embodiments shown in one or more other figures.

[0062] Figure 2 An example signaling flow 200 for DPoD PHR transmission is shown according to some example embodiments of this disclosure. The signaling flow 200 relates to... Figure 1 The first device 110 and the second device 120 in the middle.

[0063] In operation, the first device 110 determines (210) whether the transmission of the DPoD PHR for training and / or selecting the DPoD model is activated. If the transmission of the DPoD PHR is activated, the first device 110 sends (220) the DPoD PHR to the second device 120. Accordingly, the second device 120 receives (225) the DPoD PHR. For example, the second device 120 receives the DPoD PHR after it has been activated.

[0064] As used herein, the term "DPoD" refers to a receiver-based approach to suppress transmitter PA distortion, focusing on in-band signal quality and improving the corresponding EVM. Unlike DPD, which preprocesses the signal on the transmitter side, DPoD primarily focuses on optimizing the quality of the received signal on the receiver side. The term "DPoD model" refers to a model or module that applies DPoD. Further details will be discussed later. Figures 3A to 3B Describe the details about the DPoD model.

[0065] PHR (Power Headroom Reduction) is a mechanism in 5G and earlier generations that allows a first device 110 to notify a second device 120 of its available power headroom. The power headroom is essentially the difference between the maximum transmit power that the first device 110 can use and the power it is currently using. This information is crucial for the network to effectively manage resources and ensure optimal performance. The first device 110 calculates the power headroom based on its current transmit power and its maximum usable power. This calculation considers factors such as the power level of the first device 110, the number of allocated resource blocks, and the modulation and coding scheme.

[0066] The term "DPoD PHR" (also known as PHR for DPoD or PHR dedicated to DPoD) is the PHR used to determine power margins when applying a DPoD scheme. A DPoD PHR can be an enhanced version of the PHR report or a completely new report. The transmission of a DPoDPHR can use a new RRC ID for the PHR report, or it can be a new report sent in addition to the normal PHR report.

[0067] The first device 110 and the second device 120 can support different types of PHRs. For example, a Type 1 PHR is a regular PHR that provides information about the power margin of the current serving cell. That is, a Type 1 PHR reports the difference between the UE's maximum available power and the estimated TX power of the current serving cell. A Type 2 PHR includes additional information about the power margin of the secondary cell in a carrier aggregation scenario. A Type 2 PHR reports the difference between the UE's maximum power and the estimated TX power in a carrier aggregation scenario. A DPoD PHR can be considered a Type 3 PHR, which reports the power margin or difference between the UE's maximum power and the estimated TX power when the UE's DPD is deactivated.

[0068] Using a PHR such as a DPoD PHR, uplink scheduling and resource allocation can be optimized. Furthermore, inter-cell interference can be managed by adjusting power levels. Such a PHR can also ensure that the UE does not exceed its power limits, which could lead to battery depletion or overheating.

[0069] In some example embodiments, the second device 120 may send a trigger for the DPoD PHR to the first device 110. If the trigger for the DPoD PHR is activated, the first device 110 may determine (210) that the transmission of the DPoD PHR is activated. The trigger for the DPoD PHR may also be referred to as a request for the DPoD PHR or signaling for the DPoD PHR. A request for the DPoD PHR may occur independently of other PHR requests for ordinary or conventional PHRs. The trigger may be sent via RRC, DCI, MAC CE, or any other suitable message or signaling.

[0070] In an example embodiment, triggering may include periodic triggering of the DPoD PHR. For example, periodic triggering of the DPoD PHR may be activated when a periodic DPoD PHR timer expires. The periodic DPoD PHR timer may be predetermined or predefined in a standard, configured by the second device 120, or determined by the first device 110 based on appropriate parameters. For example, the timer may be configured via RRC messages, DCI, MAC CE, or any other suitable message or signaling. Example periodic timers may be configured via RRC information elements (IEs) such as... periodicDPoDphrTimer Configure it using timers, etc. periodicDPoDphrTimer A periodic DPoD PHR is triggered upon expiration. In response to receiving a periodic trigger, the periodic timer... periodicDPoDphrTimerUpon expiration, the first device 110 may send (220) DPoDPHR to the second device 120. That is, the transmission of DPoD PHR can be periodic. Alternatively, in some example embodiments, a DPoD PHR disable timer (such as...) can be predetermined, defined, or configured to disable the transmission of DPoD PHR during its period. prohibitDPoDphr-Timer If the timer prohibitDPoDphr-Timer When the expiration date arrives, the first device 110 may send (220)DPoD PHR to the second device 120.

[0071] In some example embodiments, normal periodic PHRs can be used for transmission. Normal periodic PHRs and periodic DPoDPHRs can have different priority values. In one option, DPoD PHR transmission takes precedence over normal periodic PHRs. In another option, normal periodic PHR transmission takes precedence over DPoD PHRs. By assigning different priority values, the transmission of periodic DPoDPHRs and normal periodic PHRs can avoid conflict. Therefore, PHR transmission failures can be avoided.

[0072] In another example embodiment, triggering may include event-based triggering of the DPoD PHR. Event-based triggering of the DPoD PHR may be activated in response to at least one event occurring. Thus, the first device 110 may send (220) the DPoD PHR in an event-based manner.

[0073] Example events could be that propagation conditions have changed beyond a threshold, such as path loss. For example, the RRC parameter. dl- PathlossChange A threshold can be used to indicate a change in propagation conditions. Another example event could be that the beam pair has been changed. Another example event could be that the uplink transmission power has changed beyond a threshold power, the uplink transmission power change is part of a power control command, or the maximum transmission power has been changed. Receiving a DPoD PHR report command could be another possible event. Additional events could include, but are not limited to, deactivation of the serving cell of the first device 110, a change in the RRC state of the first device 110 (such as switching to an inactive or idle state), or failure of beam alignment or realignment for transmission. It should be understood that these events are for illustrative purposes only and do not imply any limitations. Any suitable event can be used to trigger a DPoD PHR report. The threshold or threshold power used in these events can be predefined, configured by the second device 120, or determined by the first device 110. The scope of this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0074] Several example embodiments regarding activation of DPoD PHR transmissions based on activation triggers have been described. Alternatively or additionally, in some example embodiments, the first device 110 may determine (210) that a DPoD PHR transmission is activated in response to receiving a deactivation request for the DPD from the second device 120. As an example, the deactivation request for the DPD may be in an RRC message or any other suitable message or signaling. In response to receiving the deactivation of the DPD, the first device 110 may send (220) a DPoD PHR to the second device 120 in a periodic or event-based manner.

[0075] In some example embodiments, if the transmission of DPoD PHR is activated, the DPD can be deactivated at the first device 110. For example, in response to receiving a deactivation request for the DPD, the first device 110 can deactivate the DPD and determine that the transmission of DPoD PHR is activated.

[0076] In some example embodiments, the second device 120 may send a trigger for activating the DPD and / or a trigger for deactivating the DPoD PHR to the first device 110. In response to receiving a trigger for activating the DPD and / or a trigger for deactivating the DPoD PHR, the first device 110 may use the DPD to perform a transmission to the second device 120. In this way, the activation and deactivation of the DPD and DPoD can be controlled. One of the DPD and DPoD can be activated while the other is deactivated.

[0077] In some example embodiments, the first device 110 may send capability information to the second device 120, indicating support for the DPoD PHR. In this way, the second device 120 can be notified of support for the DPoD PHR.

[0078] In response to receiving a DPoD PHR, the second device 120 can apply a DPoD model that matches the information in the PHR from a lookup table. The lookup table can be pre-defined or configured. In this way, an appropriate DPoD model can be selected based on the actual power level of the UE.

[0079] The second device 120 can perform a lookup table-based modeling for each power level of the transmitter of the first device 110 during DPoD. For example, for a UE in power class 3, the maximum power is 23 dBm. If the second device 120 reduces 13 offline models from 23 dBm to 10 dBm (as an example of a lower level), it ends up using 13 general models, each associated with the UE's power level. In another example, the UE's power level can be provided as an additional input to the ML-based DPoD receiver, for example, in the form of a PHR value.

[0080] The second device 120 can ideally match a set of offline-trained DPoD models (one model for a power level) that can be matched to many UEs. Lookup tables based on these offline models are saved and used appropriately.

[0081] The second device 120 can determine whether the uplink power has changed based on the DPoD PHR. If the uplink power has changed, the second device 120 can determine another DPoD model from a lookup table. In this way, the DPoD model can be reselected to adapt to changes in uplink power.

[0082] Using the DPoD PHR, the second device 120 can train or select a DPoD model without requesting the first device 110 to reveal any nonlinear information about the PA. The second device 120 may only need a dedicated DPoD_PHR request once, as it controls the rising or falling power level of the first device 110 and can use the appropriate model from a lookup table based on the change in the output power of the first device 110.

[0083] Offline models can be enhanced through reinforcement learning in online applications. Another approach is to rely on potentially standardized data collection features to collect training data for those first-device 110 models for which DPoD has not worked as expected.

[0084] The behavior of the UE transmitters is "almost" similar. These offline models will be optimized into robust "general-purpose models" during online operation and using reinforcement learning. This scheme requires measurement data from several existing phones. Since UEs do not rapidly change their radio frequency (RF) paths and PA modules from generation to generation (which would require an expensive and time-consuming major redesign and verification of the RF), the learned models for one generation of UEs can be used for the next generation and continuously tuned through reinforcement learning. Furthermore, the gNB knows the UE's manufacturer, and the offline models can also utilize this information for tagging.

[0085] As mentioned, the training or selection of the DPoD model can be based on the DPoD PHR. The trained or selected DPoD model can be used to improve the power efficiency of uplink transmission. Figure 3A Example Figure 300 illustrates a DPoD model as an example and its results with 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). As shown, the raw signal from the Tx digital baseband is converted by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and a power amplifier (PA) to obtain an analog signal to be transmitted via the channel. This analog signal is then sent to the receiver via the channel. The received analog signal can be processed by a low-noise amplifier (LNA) and then converted by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to obtain a digital signal. The digital signal can then be processed by the DPoD model at the Rx digital baseband to obtain the final signal. To apply the DPoD model, the network can be equipped with DPoD capabilities. Activation of the DPoD process can be used.

[0086] Figure 3B Example diagram 350 shows the DPoD block in the entire system. As shown, on the UE side or transmitter side, the signal s generated from the multiplexer ( k The result can be processed by inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) and CP, then by in-phase and quadrature (IQ) modulators and up-convolution to obtain x( n x( ) n The signal is amplified by the PA and then transmitted by the UE antenna. On the gNB side or receiver side, the gNB antenna can receive the signal transmitted from the UE antenna. The received signal r( n The signal R can be obtained by processing it through downconvolution and IQ demodulation followed by CP removal and FFT. k Signal R ( k The signal Q can be obtained by channel estimation and linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) equalization. k ). Signal Q ( k The signal q is obtained by upsampling IFFT processing. n ). Signal q ( n The signal is obtained through parameter estimation and DPoD processing. .Signal Signal obtained by FFT conversion ( k The DPoD method allows the UE transmitter to operate at a higher TX EVM than typically assumed, i.e., to transmit a higher distortion signal. In the uplink, this can, for example, result in improved transmit power for higher-order modulation. Since DPoD does not require additional hardware in the UE, it is generally a very useful method and particularly allows low-cost UEs to perform high-coverage and high-capacity transmissions.

[0087] Figure 3CExample graphs are shown: curve 370 shows the EVM under different PA backoffs before DPoD in the receiver, and curve 380 shows the EVM under different PA backoffs after DPoD in the receiver. Figure 3C The simulation results shown illustrate how the DPoD method can effectively improve the receiver's EVM from approximately 9% to approximately 3% when the UE transmits in 256-QAM. This implies a significant relaxation of the 3GPP requirement that allows the UE to achieve Tx EVM from the current 3.5% to >8% for 256-QAM.

[0088] Using this scheme, the UE can transmit at higher power via a relaxation of Maximum Power Reduction (MPR) and Additional Maximum Power Reduction (A-MPR). The UE transmits a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) through its own PA, and the reference signal is used for parameter estimation in the gNB. DPoD has the goal of improving in-band distortion, and out-of-band distortion (ACLR) improvement is the goal of the UE, as it is not permissible to violate adjacent channels that may belong to another network. Therefore, the use of high-order modulation in UEs with high EVM and reduced MPR requires well-controlled ACLR to avoid spectral violations, especially at the lower frequency edges of the frequency range FR1 and the 6G 7 GHz - 15 GHz frequency range, due to the high 3GPP requirement of 33 dBc.

[0089] In some example embodiments, DPoD can be used for Maximum Power Reduction (MPR). MPR is handled entirely based on the modulation and coding of uplink transmissions, dynamically considering path loss, determined or authorized by the network. Table 2 shows the relationship between the allowed relaxation modulation and coding relative to the uplink allocation within the transmission bandwidth. It indicates the allowable reduction in maximum output power between 0 dB and 6.5 dB. The allowed MPR for the Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) formats 0, 1, 3, and 4, and Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) should be specified as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Spectrum Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) with equivalent Resource Block (RB) allocation. The allowed MPR for PUCCH format 2 should be specified as QPSK Modulated Cyclic Prefix (CP)-OFDM with equivalent RB allocation.

[0090] Table 2

[0091] By implementing DPoD in the network to relax the UE MPR, the UE can increase its output power and thus improve coverage. The performance of increasing output power and coverage can be further improved by utilizing a DPoD model trained or selected based on the DPoD PHR.

[0092] These example embodiments enable network assistance to improve UE uplink transmission power through DpoD including UE characteristics, to accept different uplink power configurations across uplink configurable UE antennas. Some example embodiments may focus on FR1 ranges as defined in 3GPP. The following will discuss... Figures 4 to 5 Other embodiments of DPoD PHR transmission are described.

[0093] Figure 4 An example signaling flow 400 for DPoD PHR reporting is shown according to some example embodiments of this disclosure. Signaling flow 400 relates to... Figure 1 The first device 110 and the second device 120 in the middle.

[0094] During operation, the first device 110 reports (4010) the PH calculation capability to the second device 120. For example, UE capability information, including DPoD support, in the uplink can be exchanged with the second device 120.

[0095] In some example embodiments, the second device 120 can trigger the first device 110 to deactivate (or deactivate) the UL DPD. For example, the second device 120 can send (4020) a trigger for DPD deactivation to the first device 110. In response to receiving the trigger for DPD deactivation, the first device 110 can deactivate (4040) the UL DPD before UL transmission. In some example embodiments, periodic DPD deactivation or deactivation can be triggered when a timer expires. For example, the timer can be transmitted via, for example, via, periodicDPDdeactivateTimer The RRC IE is configured accordingly. Alternatively, an event-based DPD shutdown can be triggered, where such an event could be a DPoD PHR activation trigger or the receipt of any other suitable event. In some example embodiments, if a DPoD PHR report is activated without receiving a trigger for DPD deactivation, the first device 110 can deactivate the (4040) UL DPD.

[0096] The second device 120 can trigger the first device 110 to activate the DPoD PHR report. That is, the second device 120 sends (4030) a trigger to the first device 110 to activate the DPoD PHR report. The trigger can include types such as periodic triggers or event-based triggers. In other words, the DPoD PHR report can be configured to be periodic or, conversely, event-based. For example, it can be configured using a timer (such as...) periodicDPoDphrTimer A periodic DPoD PHR is triggered upon expiration. Alternatively, a DPoD-PHR disable timer can be defined or configured, for example... prohibitDPoDphr-TimerWhen the timer expires, the first device 110 can send a DPoD PHR. (This is related to...) Figure 2 Several example events for triggering DPoD PHR have been described and will not be repeated here.

[0097] In response to receiving a trigger for an activated DPoD PHR report, the first device 110 calculates the DPoD PHR and reports it (4050) to the second device 120. The reporting of the DPoD PHR can be periodic or event-based, depending on the corresponding trigger for the activated DPoD PHR. In some example embodiments, the first device 110 may then send a (4060) UL transmission without a DPD. In response to receiving the DPoD PHR, the second device 120 can use the (4070) DPoD PHR to calibrate its DPoD and receive the UL transmission.

[0098] At a certain point in time, the second device 120 may trigger the reactivation of the DPD in the first device 110. For example, the second device 120 may send (4080) a trigger for DPD reactivation to the first device 110. After or at the same point in time, the second device 120 may trigger the deactivation of the DPoD PHR report, for example by sending (4090) a trigger for deactivating the DPoD PHR report. The trigger for deactivating the DPoD PHR report may indicate the type of DPoD PHR to be deactivated, such as a periodic DPoD PHR or an event-based DPoD PHR.

[0099] At this point, for example, according to convention, the first device 110 can reactivate (4100) its UL DPD and perform (4110) UL transmission using the DPD. The second device 120 can receive (4120) UL transmission or UL signal.

[0100] In this way, the second device 120 (such as a network device) can request a dedicated DPoD PHR report from the first device 110 when the second device 120 begins activating DPoD. The activation and deactivation of the DPoD PHR can be triggered by the second device 120.

[0101] Figure 5 Another example signaling flow 500 for DPoD PHR reporting is shown according to some example embodiments of this disclosure. Signaling flow 500 relates to... Figure 1 The first device 110 and the second device 120 in the middle.

[0102] During operation, the first device 110 reports (5010) its power margin calculation capability to the second device 120. That is, it can exchange UE capability information, including DPoD support, in the uplink with the second device 120.

[0103] In some example embodiments, the second device 120 configures (5020) the first device 110 for PHR reporting via a new RRC IE (e.g., a new RRC IE in an RRC establishment or RRC reconfiguration message). In the same RRC message, the second device 120 may also configure (5030) or propose deactivation of DPD and / or relaxation of MPR at the first device 110.

[0104] In response to receiving an RRC configuration for PHR reporting or DPD deactivation, the first device 110 may deactivate (5040) DPD. The first device 110 may calculate the instantaneous transmit power for UL transmission (e.g., using a conventional power control configuration) and calculate PHR as the difference between the maximum achievable transmit power and the instantaneous TX power.

[0105] The first device 110 then reports (5050) (dedicated) DPoD PHR to the second device 120. In response to receiving the DPoDPHR, the second device 120 may apply (5060) the PHR-based DPoD procedure.

[0106] In some example embodiments, the second device 120 may use (5070) a DPoD model from a lookup table that matches the PHR information in the DPoD PHR. If applicable, the PHR information may include the manufacturer name of the first device 110. The second device 120 may select an appropriate model from the lookup table based on the PHR information.

[0107] In some example embodiments, if the uplink power changes, the second device 120 can determine (5080) a new model from the lookup table. Alternatively, the second device 120 can use those devices characterized for the next uplink transmission.

[0108] In this way, the second device 120 can use a lookup table for online DPoD applications based on the power margin in the DPoD PHR. Therefore, an appropriate DPoD model can be trained or selected for power control.

[0109] In some example implementations, the offline model can be optimized into a robust "general model" during online operation and using reinforcement learning. When switching occurs, the "general model" can be switched between NWs. This requires alignment between the NWs.

[0110] In another embodiment, the network may rely on potentially standardized data collection features to collect training data for UE models whose DPoD performance is not as expected. The benefit of this is more efficient supervised training, although it will incur additional overhead from over-the-air data collection. If the DPoD implementation has been improved using the training data, the new model can potentially be applied to all UEs of the same type.

[0111] Several example embodiments regarding DPoD PHR transmission and the selection and application of DPoD models have been described. The DPoD PHR can be generated by a first device 110 (such as a UE). In the solution of this disclosure, in response to receiving a trigger for a DPoD PHR used for training and / or selecting a DPoD model, the first device, such as a terminal device, generates the DPoD PHR for a duration. The duration is predetermined or configured for the DPoD PHR. The first device sends the DPoD PHR to a second device, such as a network device, at least at the end of the duration. In this way, the first device can generate the DPoD PHR and report it to the second device.

[0112] Figure 6 An example signaling flow 600 for DPoD PHR generation and transmission is illustrated according to some example embodiments of this disclosure. The signaling flow 600 relates to... Figure 1 The first device 110 and the second device 120 in the middle.

[0113] In operation, the first device 110 receives (610) a trigger for a DPoD PHR used for training and / or selecting a DPoD model. For example, the trigger can be sent from the second device 120 (605) or received from another device. This trigger can be for activating the DPoD PHR, as per [reference needed]. Figure 2 The described trigger, or any other suitable trigger for DPoD PHR. For example, the trigger could be a periodic trigger or an event-based trigger.

[0114] The first device 110 generates (620) a DPoD PHR during a duration (also known as the exposure time). The duration is predetermined or configured for the DPoD PHR. For example, the duration can be configured by an RRC message (such as RRC IE, MAC CE, DCI, or any other suitable message or signaling). The first device 110 sends (630) a DPoD PHR to the second device 120 at least at the end of the duration. Accordingly, the second device 120 receives (635) a DPoD PHR.

[0115] As an example, this duration could correspond to a periodic timer for the DPoD PHR (such as...). periodicDPoDphrTimer The duration of the periodic timer. When the periodic timer expires, the DPoD PHR can be sent (630). Figure 7 Example Figure 700 illustrates a trigger configuration for activating the DPoD PHR according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, a trigger 710 is sent to the first device 110. In response to receiving the trigger 710, a timer (such as...) periodicDPoDphrTimer The process begins. During the exposure time 720 of the timer, the first device 110 may generate (620) DPoD PHR. The first device 110 may send (630) DPoD PHR to the second device 120 at the end of the exposure time 720. It should be understood that the transmission of DPoD PHR may be predictive or event-based, similar to the method for transmitting DPoD PHR. Figures 2 to 5 These are the embodiments described.

[0116] Return to reference Figure 6 Alternatively, in some example embodiments, the duration may correspond to a prohibition timer for the DPoD PHR that prohibits the transmission of the DPoD PHR during its duration (such as...). prohibitDPoDphr-Timer The duration of the time interval is specified. When the timer expires, a (630) DPoD PHR can be sent. The duration can be less than the predetermined time length, such as 1 slot time (e.g., 1 millisecond) or any other suitable time length.

[0117] In some example embodiments, the triggering can be event-based. A DPoD PHR can be generated (620) in response to at least one event occurring. That is, at least one event can trigger the generation of the DPoD PHR. The at least one event that triggers the generation of the DPoD PHR can be the same as or similar to at least one event that triggers the transmission of the DPoD PHR.

[0118] Example events could be that propagation conditions have changed beyond a threshold, such as path loss. For example, the RRC parameter. dl- PathlossChange This can be used as a threshold for changes in propagation conditions. Another example event could be that the beam pair has been changed. Another example event could be that the uplink transmission power has changed beyond a threshold power, the uplink transmission power has been changed as part of a power control command, or the maximum transmission power has been changed. Receiving a DPoD PHR report command could be another possible event. Additional events could include, but are not limited to, the deactivation of the serving cell of the first device 110, changes in the RRC state of the first device 110 (such as switching to an inactive or idle state), and failure to align or realign the beam used for transmission.

[0119] It should be understood that these events are for illustrative purposes only and do not imply any limitations. In some example embodiments, the event used to trigger the generation of the DPoD PHR may be partially different from the event used to trigger the transmission of the DPoD PHR.

[0120] These example embodiments for generating DPoD PHRs can be applied in conjunction with any other example embodiments for sending the DPoD PHRs described herein.

[0121] It should be understood that the above provides some example specifications, signaling flows, and embodiments, and the detailed description can be modified. It should be understood that these signaling flows 300, 400, 500, and / or 600 can be used individually or in any suitable combination. Some example embodiments, operations, or features described with respect to one signaling diagram in these signaling flows 300, 400, 500, and / or 600 can be applied to another signaling diagram in these signaling flows. A portion of one signaling diagram in these signaling flows 300, 400, 500, and / or 600 can be applied in combination with a portion of another signaling flow. It should be understood that these signaling flows 300, 400, 500, and / or 600 can relate to any other suitable operations or signaling not shown. Utilizing these signaling flows and similar signaling flows, DPoD-assisted UL transmission power control can be enhanced.

[0122] Figure 8 A flowchart of an example method 800 implemented at a first device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. For the purposes of discussion, [the following will be discussed]. Figure 1 Method 800 is described by the angle of the first device 110 in the middle.

[0123] In box 810, the first device 110 determines that the transmission of the DPoD PHR for training and / or selecting the DPoD model is activated.

[0124] In frame 820, the first device 110 sends a DPoD PHR to the second device.

[0125] In some example embodiments, method 800 further includes: receiving a trigger for the DPoD PHR from a second device; and if it is determined that the trigger for the DPoD PHR is activated, determining that the transmission of the DPoD PHR is activated. The trigger includes at least one of the following: periodic triggering of the DPoD PHR, or event-based triggering of the DPoD PHR.

[0126] In some example embodiments, the periodic triggering of the DPoD PHR is activated when the periodic timer used for the DPoD PHR expires.

[0127] In some example embodiments, method 800 further includes: in response to the availability of a normal periodic PHR for transmission, prioritizing the transmission of DPoDPHR over the normal periodic PHR; or in response to the availability of a normal periodic PHR for transmission, prioritizing the transmission of the normal periodic PHR over the DPoD PHR.

[0128] In some example embodiments, the event-based triggering response of DPoD PHR is activated when at least one of the following events is triggered: the propagation conditions have changed for more than a threshold; the beam pair has been changed; the uplink transmission power has changed for more than a threshold; a DPoD PHR reporting command has been received; the serving cell of the first device has been deactivated; the RRC state of the first device has been changed; or the beam alignment for transmission has failed.

[0129] In some example embodiments, in response to receiving a request for deactivation of DPD from the second device, the first device 110 may determine that the transmission of DPoD PHR is activated.

[0130] In some example embodiments, the request to deactivate the DPD is included in the Radio Resource Control (RRC) message.

[0131] In some example embodiments, method 800 further includes sending DPoD PHR to a second device in a periodic or event-based manner.

[0132] In some example embodiments, method 800 further includes sending capability information of the first device to the second device, the capability information indicating support for DPoD PHR.

[0133] In some example embodiments, the DPD is deactivated at the first device after the transmission of the DPoD PHR is activated.

[0134] In some example embodiments, method 800 further includes: in response to receiving a trigger for activating the DPD and / or a trigger for deactivating the DPoD PHR, performing a transmission to the second device using the DPD.

[0135] In some example embodiments, the first device includes a terminal device, and the second device includes a network device.

[0136] Figure 9 A flowchart of an example method 900 implemented at a second device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. For the purposes of discussion, [the following will be discussed]. Figure 1 Method 900 is described by the angle of the second device 120 in the middle.

[0137] In box 910, the second device 120 receives from the first device a DPoD PHR for training and / or selecting a DPoD model. The DPoD PHR is sent from the first device after the DPoD PHR is activated.

[0138] In some example embodiments, method 900 further includes sending a trigger for the DPoD PHR to the first device. The trigger includes at least one of the following: periodic triggering of the DPoD PHR, or event-based triggering of the DPoD PHR.

[0139] In some example implementations, the periodic triggering of the DPoD PHR is activated when the periodic DPoD PHR timer expires.

[0140] In some example embodiments, the event-based triggering response of DPoD PHR is activated when at least one of the following events is triggered: the propagation conditions have changed for more than a threshold; the beam pair has been changed; the uplink transmission power has changed for more than a threshold; a DPoD PHR reporting command has been received; the serving cell of the first device has been deactivated; the RRC state of the first device has been changed; or the beam alignment for transmission has failed.

[0141] In some example embodiments, method 900 further includes sending a request to the first device to deactivate the DPD. For example, the request to deactivate the DPD is included in an RRC message.

[0142] In some example embodiments, method 900 further includes: receiving a DPoD PHR from a first device in a periodic or event-based manner. In some example embodiments, method 900 further includes: receiving capability information of the first device from the first device, the capability information indicating support for the DPoD PHR. In some example embodiments, method 900 further includes: sending triggers for activating the DPD and / or for transmitting a transmission to deactivate the DPoD PHR. In some example embodiments, method 900 further includes: applying a DPoD model from a lookup table that matches information in the PHR.

[0143] In some example embodiments, method 900 further includes: determining whether the uplink power has changed based on the DPoD PHR; and if it is determined that the uplink power has changed, determining another DPoD model from a lookup table.

[0144] In some example embodiments, the first device includes a terminal device, and the second device includes a network device.

[0145] Figure 10 A flowchart of an example method 1000 implemented at a first device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. For the purposes of discussion, [the following will be discussed]. Figure 1 Method 1000 is described by the angle of the first device 110 in the middle.

[0146] In box 1010, the first device 110 receives a trigger for a DPoD PHR used for training and / or selecting a DPoD model.

[0147] At box 1020, the first device 110 generates a DPoD PHR during a duration, wherein the duration is predetermined or configured for the DPoD PHR.

[0148] In box 1030, the first device 110 sends a DPoD PHR to the second device at least at the end of the duration.

[0149] In some example implementations, the duration corresponds to the length of a periodic timer for the DPoD PHR. The DPoD PHR is sent when the periodic timer expires.

[0150] In some example embodiments, the duration corresponds to the length of a disable timer for the DPoD PHR, during which the transmission of the DPoD PHR is disabled. When the disable timer expires, the DPoD PHR is transmitted.

[0151] In some example embodiments, the duration is less than a predetermined time length, such as 1 millisecond. In some example embodiments, the duration is configured via at least one of an RRC message, a MAC CE, or a DCI.

[0152] In some example embodiments, triggering includes event-based triggering. A DPoD PHR is generated in response to at least one of the following events: propagation conditions have changed for more than a threshold; beam pair has been changed; uplink transmission power has changed for more than a threshold; a DPoD PHR report command has been received; the serving cell of the first device has been deactivated; the RRC state of the first device has been changed; or beam alignment for transmission has failed.

[0153] In some example embodiments, the first device includes a terminal device, and the second device includes a network device.

[0154] In some example embodiments, a first means capable of performing any of the methods in method 800 (e.g., Figure 1 The first device 110 may include a component for performing the corresponding operation of method 800. This component may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the component may be implemented in a circuit system or a software module. The first device may be implemented as or included in... Figure 1 In the first device 110.

[0155] In some example embodiments, the first device includes: a component for determining that a transmission of the DPoD PHR for training and / or selecting a DPoD model is activated; and a component for sending the DPoD PHR to the second device.

[0156] In some example embodiments, the first device further includes: components for receiving a trigger for the DPoD PHR from the second device; and components for determining that the transmission of the DPoD PHR is activated if it is determined that the trigger for the DPoD PHR is activated. The trigger includes at least one of the following: periodic triggering of the DPoD PHR, or event-based triggering of the DPoD PHR.

[0157] In some example embodiments, the periodic triggering of the DPoD PHR is activated when the periodic timer used for the DPoD PHR expires.

[0158] In some example embodiments, the first device further includes: a component for prioritizing the transmission of the DPoD PHR over the normal periodic PHR in response to the normal periodic PHR being available for transmission; or a component for prioritizing the transmission of the normal periodic PHR over the DPoD PHR in response to the normal periodic PHR being available for transmission.

[0159] In some example embodiments, the event-based triggering response of DPoD PHR is activated when at least one of the following events is triggered: the propagation conditions have changed for more than a threshold; the beam pair has been changed; the uplink transmission power has changed for more than a threshold; a DPoD PHR reporting command has been received; the serving cell of the first device has been deactivated; the RRC state of the first device has been changed; or the beam alignment for transmission has failed.

[0160] In some example embodiments, the component for determining the transmission of DPoD PHR is configured to determine that the transmission of DPoD PHR is activated in response to receiving a request for deactivation of DPD from the second device.

[0161] In some example embodiments, the request to deactivate the DPD is included in the Radio Resource Control (RRC) message.

[0162] In some example embodiments, the first device further includes a component for sending DPoD PHR to the second device in a periodic or event-based manner.

[0163] In some example embodiments, the first device further includes a component for sending capability information of the first device to the second device, the capability information indicating support for DPoD PHR.

[0164] In some example embodiments, the DPD is deactivated at the first device after the transmission of the DPoD PHR is activated.

[0165] In some example embodiments, the first device further includes a component for performing a transmission to the second device using the DPD in response to receiving a trigger for activating the DPD and / or a transmission for deactivating the DPoD PHR.

[0166] In some example embodiments, a second means capable of performing any of the methods in method 900 (e.g., Figure 1 The second device 120 may include a component for performing the corresponding operation of method 900. This component may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the component may be implemented in a circuit system or a software module. The second device may be implemented as or included in... Figure 1 The second device 120 in the middle.

[0167] In some example embodiments, the second device includes components for receiving a DPoD PHR for training and / or selecting a DPoD model from the first device. The DPoD PHR is sent from the first device after the DPoD PHR is activated.

[0168] In some example embodiments, the second device further includes a component for sending a trigger for the DPoD PHR to the first device. The trigger includes at least one of the following: periodic triggering of the DPoD PHR, or event-based triggering of the DPoD PHR.

[0169] In some example implementations, the periodic triggering of the DPoD PHR is activated when the periodic DPoD PHR timer expires.

[0170] In some example embodiments, the event-based triggering response of DPoD PHR is activated when at least one of the following events is triggered: the propagation conditions have changed for more than a threshold; the beam pair has been changed; the uplink transmission power has changed for more than a threshold; a DPoD PHR reporting command has been received; the serving cell of the first device has been deactivated; the RRC state of the first device has been changed; or the beam alignment for transmission has failed.

[0171] In some example embodiments, the second device further includes a component for sending a request to the first device to deactivate the DPD.

[0172] In some example embodiments, the request to deactivate the DPD is included in the RRC message.

[0173] In some example embodiments, the second device further includes a component for receiving DPoD PHR from the first device in a periodic or event-based manner.

[0174] In some example embodiments, the second device further includes a component for receiving capability information of the first device from the first device, the capability information indicating support for DPoD PHR.

[0175] In some example embodiments, the second device further includes components for transmitting a trigger for activating the DPD and / or for transmitting a trigger for deactivating the DPoD PHR.

[0176] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further includes a component for applying a DPoD model that matches information in the PHR from the lookup table.

[0177] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further includes: a component for determining whether the uplink power has changed based on the DPoD PHR; and a component for determining another DPoD model from a lookup table if the uplink power is determined to have changed.

[0178] In some example embodiments, a first device capable of performing any of the methods in method 1000 (e.g., Figure 1 The first device 110 may include a component for performing a corresponding operation of method 1000. This component may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the component may be implemented in a circuit system or a software module. The first device may be implemented as or included in... Figure 1 In the first device 110.

[0179] In some example embodiments, the first device includes: components for receiving a trigger for a DPoD PHR for training and / or selecting a DPoD model; components for generating the DPoD PHR during a duration, wherein the duration is predetermined or configured for the DPoD PHR; and components for sending the DPoD PHR to a second device at least at the end of the duration.

[0180] In some example implementations, the duration corresponds to the length of a periodic timer for the DPoD PHR, and the DPoD PHR is sent when the periodic timer expires.

[0181] In some example embodiments, the duration corresponds to the length of a timer for disabling the DPoD PHR, during which the transmission of the DPoD PHR is prohibited, and when the timer expires, the DPoD PHR is transmitted.

[0182] In some example implementations, the duration is less than a predetermined time length, such as 1 millisecond.

[0183] In some example embodiments, the duration is configured via at least one of RRC messages, MAC CE, or DCI.

[0184] In some example embodiments, triggering includes event-based triggering. A DPoD PHR is generated in response to at least one of the following events: propagation conditions have changed for more than a threshold; beam pair has been changed; uplink transmission power has changed for more than a threshold; a DPoD PHR report command has been received; the serving cell of the first device has been deactivated; the RRC state of the first device has been changed; or beam alignment for transmission has failed.

[0185] Figure 11 This is a simplified block diagram of a device 1100 suitable for implementing exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1100 can be provided to implement a communication device, such as... Figure 1 The first device 110 or the second device 120 are shown. As shown, the device 1100 includes one or more processors 1110, one or more memories 1120 coupled to the processors 1110, and one or more communication modules 1140 coupled to the processors 1110.

[0186] Communication module 1140 is used for bidirectional communication. Communication module 1140 has one or more communication interfaces to facilitate communication with one or more other modules or devices. The communication interface can represent any interface necessary for communication with other network elements. In some example embodiments, communication module 1140 may include at least one antenna.

[0187] As a non-limiting example, processor 1110 can be any type suitable for a local technology network and can include one or more of the following: general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, microprocessor, digital signal processor (DSP), and processor based on a multi-core processor architecture. Device 1100 can have multiple processors, such as application-specific integrated circuit chips that are time-dependent on a clock that synchronizes the main processor.

[0188] Memory 1120 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM) 1124, electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard disk, compact disc (CD), digital video disc (DVD), optical disc, laser disc, and other magnetic and / or optical storage devices. Examples of volatile memories include, but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM) 1122 and other volatile memories that will not persist during power-off periods.

[0189] Computer program 1130 includes computer-executable instructions that are executed by an associated processor 1110. The instructions of program 1130 may include instructions for performing operations / actions of some example embodiments of this disclosure. Program 1130 may be stored in memory (e.g., ROM 1124). Processor 1110 can perform any suitable actions and processes by loading program 1130 into RAM 1122.

[0190] Example embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented by program 1130, enabling device 1100 to execute as described in the reference. Figures 2 to 10 Any process discussed in this disclosure. Exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or a combination of software and hardware.

[0191] In some example embodiments, program 1130 may be tangibly contained in a computer-readable medium, which may be included in device 1100 (such as in memory 1120) or other storage device accessible by device 1100. Device 1100 may load program 1130 from the computer-readable medium into RAM 1122 for execution. In some example embodiments, the computer-readable medium may include any type of non-transitory storage medium, such as ROM, EPROM, flash memory, hard disk, CD, DVD, etc. As used herein, the term "non-transitory" is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not tactile), rather than a limitation of the persistence of data storage (e.g., RAM versus ROM).

[0192] Figure 12 An example of a computer-readable medium 1200 is shown, which may be in the form of a CD, DVD, or other optical storage disc. The computer-readable medium 1200 has a program 1130 stored thereon.

[0193] Generally, the various embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented in hardware or dedicated circuitry, software, logic, or any combination thereof. Some aspects can be implemented in hardware, and others can be implemented in firmware or software that can be executed by a controller, microprocessor, or other computing device. Although various aspects of the embodiments of this disclosure are shown and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other graphical representation, it should be understood that the blocks, apparatuses, systems, techniques, or methods described herein can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, dedicated circuitry or logic, general-purpose hardware, or controllers or other computing devices, or some combination thereof, as non-limiting examples.

[0194] Some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure also provide at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a computer-readable medium, such as a non-transitory computer-readable medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions that execute in a device on a target entity or virtual processor, such as those included in a program module, to perform any of the methods described above. Typically, a program module includes routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, etc., that perform a particular task or implement a particular abstract data type. In various embodiments, the functionality of a program module can be combined or split among program modules as needed. The machine-executable instructions for a program module can execute within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, the program module can reside on both local and remote storage media.

[0195] Program code used to perform the methods of this disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. The program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that, when executed by the processor or controller, the program code causes the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, as a stand-alone software package, partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0196] In the context of this disclosure, computer program code or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier wave to enable a device, apparatus, or processor to perform the various processes and operations described above. Examples of carrier waves include signals, computer-readable media, etc.

[0197] Computer-readable media can be computer-readable signal media or computer-readable storage media. Computer-readable media can include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatuses, or devices, or any suitable combination thereof. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media will include electrical connections having one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fibers, portable optical disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0198] Furthermore, although operations are described in a specific order, this should not be construed as requiring that such operations be performed in the specific order shown or sequentially, or requiring that all shown operations be performed to achieve the desired result. In some cases, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Similarly, although several specific implementation details are included in the above discussion, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure, but rather as a description of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, certain features described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, unless explicitly stated otherwise, various features described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented individually or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple embodiments.

[0199] Although this disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological actions, it should be understood that the disclosure as defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or actions described above. Rather, the specific features and actions described above are disclosed as exemplary forms for implementing the claims.

[0200] Furthermore, the various implementations of this disclosure can be described with reference to the following terms, and their features can be combined in any reasonable manner.

[0201] Clause 1. A first means for communication, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first means to at least: determine that the transmission of a DPoD Power Headroom Report (PHR) for training and / or selecting a digitally post-distorted DPoD model is activated; and send the DPoD PHR to a second means.

[0202] Clause 2. The first device according to Clause 1, wherein the first device is configured to: receive a trigger for the DPoD PHR from the second device; and if it is determined that the trigger for the DPoD PHR is activated, determine that the transmission of the DPoD PHR is activated, wherein the trigger includes at least one of: periodic triggering of the DPoD PHR, or event-based triggering of the DPoD PHR.

[0203] Clause 3. The first device according to Clause 2, wherein the periodic triggering of the DPoD PHR is activated when the periodic timer for the DPoD PHR expires.

[0204] Clause 4. The first device according to Clause 3, wherein the first device is configured to: in response to the normal periodic PHR being available for transmission, make the transmission of the DPoD PHR take precedence over the normal periodic PHR; or in response to the normal periodic PHR being available for transmission, make the transmission of the normal periodic PHR take precedence over the DPoD PHR.

[0205] Clause 5. The first apparatus according to Clause 2, wherein the event-based triggering response of the DPoD PHR is activated by at least one of the following events: the propagation conditions have changed for more than a threshold; the beam pair has been changed; the uplink transmission power has changed for more than a threshold; a DPoD PHR reporting command has been received; the serving cell of the first apparatus has been deactivated; the Radio Resource Control (RRC) state of the first apparatus has been changed; or the beam alignment for transmission has failed.

[0206] Clause 6. The first apparatus according to Clause 1, wherein the first apparatus is configured to: determine that the transmission of the DPoD PHR is activated in response to receiving a request for deactivation of the digital predistortion (DPD) from the second apparatus.

[0207] Clause 7. The first apparatus according to Clause 6, wherein the request for deactivation of the DPD is included in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message.

[0208] Clause 8. The first device according to Clause 1, wherein the first device is configured to: send the DPoD PHR to the second device in a periodic or event-based manner; and / or send capability information of the first device to the second device, the capability information indicating support for the DPoD PHR.

[0209] Clause 9. The first device according to any one of Clauses 1 to 8, wherein the digital predistortion (DPD) is deactivated at the first device after the transmission of the DPoDPHR is activated.

[0210] Clause 10. The first device according to Clause 9, wherein the first device is configured to: in response to receiving a trigger for activating the DPD and / or a trigger for deactivating the DPoD PHR, perform a transmission to the second device using the DPD.

[0211] Clause 11. A second device comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to at least: receive from a first device a DPoD power margin report PHR for training and / or selecting a digitally post-distorted DPoD model, wherein the DPoD PHR is transmitted from the first device after the DPoDPHR is activated.

[0212] Clause 12. A method for communication, comprising: determining at a first device that transmission of a DPoD Power Headroom Report (PHR) for training and / or selecting a digitally post-distorted DPoD model is activated; and sending the PHR to a second device.

Claims

1. A first device for communication, comprising: At least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to at least: The transfer of the DPoD Power Headroom Report (PHR) used for training and / or selecting the digitally post-distorted DPoD model is activated; and The DPoD PHR is sent to the second device.

2. The first device according to claim 1, wherein the first device is configured to: Receive a trigger for the DPoD PHR from the second device; and If it is determined that the trigger for the DPoD PHR is activated, then it is determined that the transmission of the DPoD PHR is activated, wherein the trigger includes at least one of the following: periodic triggering of the DPoD PHR, or event-based triggering of the DPoD PHR.

3. The first apparatus of claim 2, wherein the periodic triggering of the DPoD PHR is activated when the periodic timer for the DPoD PHR expires.

4. The first device according to claim 3, wherein the first device is configured to: In response to the availability of a normal periodic PHR for transmission, the transmission of the DPoD PHR is prioritized over the normal periodic PHR; or In response to the availability of a normal periodic PHR for transmission, the transmission of the normal periodic PHR is prioritized over the DPoDPHR.

5. The first apparatus of claim 2, wherein the event-based triggering response of the DPoD PHR is activated by at least one of the following events: The propagation conditions have changed beyond the threshold; The beam pair has been changed; The uplink transmission power change exceeds the threshold. The DPoD PHR report command has been received; Deactivation of the serving cell of the first device; The Radio Resource Control (RRC) status of the first device has been changed; or The beam alignment for transmission failed.

6. The first device according to claim 1, wherein the first device is configured to: In response to receiving a request from the second device for deactivation of the digital predistortion (DPD), it is determined that the transmission of the DPoDPHR is activated.

7. The first device according to claim 1, wherein the first device is configured such that: The DPoD PHR is sent to the second device in a periodic or event-based manner; and / or The capability information of the first device is sent to the second device, the capability information indicating support for the DPoD PHR.

8. The first apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the digital predistortion (DPD) is deactivated at the first apparatus after the transmission of the DPoD PHR is activated.

9. A second means for communication, comprising: At least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to at least: Receive from the first device a DPoD Power Headroom Report (PHR) for training and / or selecting a digitally post-distorted DPoD model, wherein the DPoD PHR is sent from the first device after the DPoD PHR is activated.

10. A method for communication, comprising: At the first device, the transmission of the DPoD Power Headroom Report (PHR) for training and / or selecting the digitally post-distorted DPoD model is activated. as well as The DPoD PHR is sent to the second device.

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