Uplink-based carrier phase positioning for low-power wide area networks

Abstract

Methods, apparatus, and systems provide uplink layer-by-layer imbalance reporting. In the context of one method, the method includes: receiving a first message indicating one or more parameters for frequency hopping associated with uplink reference signaling transmission; receiving a second message indicating a request to perform uplink reference signaling transmission frequency hopping using at least two frequency hopping resource sets, wherein the first message includes information indicating a standard set for uplink reference signaling transmission frequency hopping; and performing uplink reference signaling transmission frequency hopping using at least two frequency hopping resource sets in response to the second message.

Description

Cross-references to related applications

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 750905, filed January 29, 2025, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure generally relates to techniques for low-power wide-area (LPWA) networks, and more specifically to methods, systems, and apparatus for uplink-based carrier phase positioning (CPP) for LPWA networks. Background Technology

[0003] Some wireless communication systems may include or otherwise support low-power wide-area (LPWA) networks. LPWA networks can use LPWA devices to provide connectivity for areas where cellular connectivity may be difficult to obtain, such as rural and remote areas. In some cases, LPWA technology has a power design that allows LPWA devices to operate for years on batteries, thereby improving the sustainability of communication technology within the coverage area. For example, to extend the lifespan of LPWA devices, LPWA networks can use a power design where LPWA devices are configured to operate with a relatively narrow bandwidth. Therefore, LPWA technology can be cost-effective in terms of both device hardware and operating costs. Thus, LPWA technology can improve the affordability of wireless communication in a wider range of applications. Improvements are needed in how to determine the location of communication devices operating with narrow bandwidth. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Methods, apparatuses, and systems for LPWA networks are disclosed. In this regard, these methods, apparatuses, and systems are configured to support an uplink-based CPP framework for LPWA networks that enables virtual wavelength methods for resolving integer ambiguities associated with CPP. By enabling virtual wavelength methods within LPWA networks, the aforementioned methods, apparatuses, and systems can provide improved positioning estimation accuracy for communication devices operating within LPWA networks.

[0005] In at least one example embodiment, an apparatus is provided comprising: at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code (e.g., instructions) configured together with the at least one processor such that the apparatus at least: receives a first message indicating one or more parameters for frequency hopping associated with an uplink reference signal transmission; receives a second message indicating a request for the apparatus to perform uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping using at least two frequency hopping resource sets, wherein the first message includes information indicating a standard set for uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping, and wherein the standard set includes at least one threshold of the difference between the center frequencies of at least two frequency hopping resource sets; and performs uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping using at least two frequency hopping resource sets in response to the second message.

[0006] In at least one example embodiment, at least one threshold includes: an upper limit threshold and a lower limit threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of at least two frequency hopping resource sets.

[0007] In at least one example embodiment, the standard set further includes at least one of the following: a time window for the time difference between time instances of at least two frequency hopping resource sets, or the number of frequency hopping resources for each frequency hopping resource set in the at least two frequency hopping resource sets.

[0008] In at least one example embodiment, the difference corresponds to the difference between a first center frequency and a second center frequency, the first center frequency being associated with a first frequency hopping resource set in at least two frequency hopping resource sets, and the second center frequency being associated with a second frequency hopping resource set in at least two frequency hopping resource sets.

[0009] In at least one example embodiment, the time difference corresponds to the difference between a first time instance and a second time instance, the first time instance being a first time instance associated with a first frequency hopping resource set, and the second time instance being associated with a second frequency hopping resource set.

[0010] In at least one example embodiment, the device includes low-power wide-area (LPWA) capability.

[0011] In at least one example embodiment, the device includes a network node, and wherein a second message instructs the network node to perform at least two carrier phase measurement sets using one or more portions of the uplink reference signal bandwidth, the one or more portions of the uplink reference signal bandwidth being equal to one or more combined bandwidths of one or more other frequency hopping resource sets associated with a device including low-power wide-area (LPWA) capabilities.

[0012] In at least one example embodiment, the network node includes a positioning reference unit configured to support a wider bandwidth than the device.

[0013] In at least one example embodiment, uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping is associated with positioning detection reference signal transmission.

[0014] In at least one example embodiment, the first message originates from a core network entity including a location management function (LMF), and the second message originates from a network entity including a radio access network (RAN).

[0015] In at least one example embodiment, an apparatus is provided comprising: at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code (e.g., instructions) configured together with the at least one processor such that the apparatus at least: receives a first message including information indicating one or more parameters associated with a configuration of an uplink reference signal; sends a second message indicating a request to a network entity to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets at least partially based on the uplink reference signal, wherein the second message includes information indicating a standard set for the at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and wherein the standard set includes at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets; sends a third message indicating a request to a device to perform uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping using at least two frequency hopping resource sets, wherein the third message includes information indicating the standard set; and receives a report indicating at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0016] In at least one example embodiment, at least one threshold includes: an upper limit threshold and a lower limit threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0017] In at least one example embodiment, the standard set includes at least one of the following: a time window for the time difference between time instances of at least two carrier phase measurement sets, or the number of frequency hopping resources for each carrier phase measurement set in the at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0018] In at least one example embodiment, the difference corresponds to the difference between a first center frequency and a second center frequency, the first center frequency being associated with a first carrier phase measurement set in at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and the second center frequency being associated with a second carrier phase measurement set in at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0019] In at least one example embodiment, the first center frequency is associated with a first frequency hopping resource set in at least two frequency hopping resource sets, and the second center frequency is associated with a second frequency hopping resource set in at least two frequency hopping resource sets.

[0020] In at least one example embodiment, the time difference corresponds to the difference between a first time instance and a second time instance, the first time instance being associated with a first frequency hopping resource set and the second time instance being associated with a second frequency hopping resource set.

[0021] In at least one example embodiment, the device includes low-power wide-area (LPWA) capability.

[0022] In at least one example embodiment, the device includes a network node, and a third message instructs the network node to perform a carrier phase measurement using one or more portions of the uplink reference signal bandwidth, the one or more portions of the uplink reference signal bandwidth being equal to one or more combined bandwidths of one or more other frequency hopping resource sets associated with the device, which includes low-power wide-area (LPWA) capabilities.

[0023] In at least one example embodiment, the network node includes a positioning reference unit configured to support a wider bandwidth than the device.

[0024] In at least one example embodiment, one or more parameters include at least one of the following: the number of frequency hopping resources configured at the device, at least one start symbol associated with at least one frequency hopping resource, at least one bandwidth associated with at least one frequency hopping resource, a parameter indicating that the frequency hopping resource is continuous, or a parameter indicating that the frequency hopping resource is discontinuous.

[0025] In at least one example embodiment, when executed by the at least one processor, the instruction causes the device to at least: in response to receiving a report, determine that at least two carrier phase measurement sets satisfy a standard set; and based at least in part on the determination, use the at least two carrier phase measurement sets to resolve integer ambiguities of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets and estimate the location of the device.

[0026] In at least one example embodiment, resolving integer ambiguity includes:

[0027] Determine the number of complete wave cycles of at least one uplink reference signal between the network entity and the device.

[0028] In at least one example embodiment, receiving a report includes receiving a message that includes a report and auxiliary information associated with the report, wherein the auxiliary information indicates at least one of the following: at least two center frequencies associated with at least two carrier phase measurement sets, or the number of frequency hopping resources used to perform at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0029] In at least one example embodiment, when executed by the at least one processor, the instruction causes the device to at least: verify one or more parameters using one or more criteria for uplink-based carrier phase positioning; and send a request to a network entity to update at least one of the one or more parameters based at least in part on the failure of one or more parameters to meet one or more criteria.

[0030] In at least one example embodiment, the uplink reference signal includes a positioning detection reference signal.

[0031] In at least one example embodiment, the device includes a location management function (LMF).

[0032] In at least one example embodiment, an apparatus is provided comprising: at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code (e.g., instructions) configured together with the at least one processor such that the apparatus at least: transmits a first message including information indicating one or more parameters associated with a configuration of an uplink reference signal; receives a second message indicating a request for the apparatus to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets at least partially based on the uplink reference signal, wherein the second message includes information indicating a standard set for the configuration of the uplink reference signal, and wherein the standard set includes at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets; performs at least two carrier phase measurement sets in response to the second message; and transmits a report indicating the at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0033] In at least one example embodiment, the standard set includes at least one of the following: an upper and lower threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of at least two carrier phase measurement sets, a time window for the time difference between time instances of at least two carrier phase measurement sets, or the number of frequency hopping resources for each carrier phase measurement set in at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0034] In at least one example embodiment, the difference corresponds to the difference between a first center frequency and a second center frequency, the first center frequency being associated with a first carrier phase measurement set in at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and the second center frequency being associated with a second carrier phase measurement set in at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0035] In at least one example embodiment, a first center frequency is associated with a first frequency hopping resource set for a first carrier phase measurement set, and a second center frequency is associated with a second frequency hopping resource set for a second carrier phase measurement set.

[0036] In at least one example embodiment, the time difference corresponds to the difference between a first time instance and a second time instance, the first time instance being associated with a first frequency hopping resource set and the second time instance being associated with a second frequency hopping resource set.

[0037] In at least one example embodiment, when executed by the at least one processor, the instruction causes the device to at least: at least partially, send a third message indicating one or more parameters based on one or more parameters satisfying one or more criteria for integer ambiguity resolution.

[0038] In at least one example embodiment, when executed by the at least one processor, the instruction causes the device to at least: receive a fourth message indicating a request for the device to update at least one of the one or more parameters based at least in part on the failure of the device to meet one or more criteria for integer ambiguity resolution; and send a third message based at least in part on the fourth message indicating one or more other parameters including updates relative to the one or more parameters.

[0039] In at least one example embodiment, the third message is used to configure network nodes to support wider bandwidth than devices that include low-power wide-area (LPWA) capabilities.

[0040] In at least one example embodiment, one or more parameters include at least one of the following: the number of frequency hopping resources configured at the device, at least one start symbol associated with at least one frequency hopping resource, at least one bandwidth associated with at least one frequency hopping resource, a parameter indicating that the frequency hopping resource is continuous, or a parameter indicating that the frequency hopping resource is discontinuous.

[0041] In at least one example embodiment, sending a report includes sending a message that includes a report and auxiliary information associated with the report, wherein the auxiliary information indicates at least one of the following: at least two center frequencies associated with at least two carrier phase measurement sets, or the number of frequency hopping resources used to perform at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0042] In at least one example embodiment, the uplink reference signal includes a positioning detection reference signal.

[0043] In at least one example embodiment, the device includes a radio access network (RAN).

[0044] In at least one example embodiment, an apparatus is provided comprising: at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code (e.g., instructions) configured together with the at least one processor such that the apparatus at least: receives a first message indicating a request for the apparatus to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets on a downlink reference signal, wherein the first message includes information indicating a standard set associated with the at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and wherein the standard set includes: at least one threshold of the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets; performs at least two carrier phase measurement sets in response to the first message; and performs one or more operations in response to performing at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0045] In at least one example embodiment, at least one threshold includes: an upper limit threshold and a lower limit threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0046] In at least one example embodiment, the standard set further includes at least one of the following: a time window for the time difference between time instances of at least two carrier phase measurement sets, or the number of frequency hopping resources for each carrier phase measurement set in the at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0047] In at least one example embodiment, at least two carrier phase measurement sets are associated with at least two frequency hopping resource sets, and the difference corresponds to the difference between a first center frequency and a second center frequency, the first center frequency being associated with a first frequency hopping resource set in the at least two frequency hopping resource sets, and the second center frequency being associated with a second frequency hopping resource set in the at least two frequency hopping resource sets.

[0048] In at least one example embodiment, a first frequency hopping resource set is located within a positioning frequency layer, and a second frequency hopping resource set is located within the same positioning frequency layer, wherein the time difference corresponds to the difference between a first time instance and a second time instance, the first time instance being associated with the first frequency hopping resource set and the second time instance being associated with the second frequency hopping resource set.

[0049] In at least one example embodiment, a first frequency hopping resource set is located within a first positioning frequency layer, and a second frequency hopping resource set is located within a second positioning frequency layer, wherein a first center frequency is associated with the first positioning frequency layer, and a second center frequency is associated with the second positioning frequency layer.

[0050] In at least one example embodiment, the time difference corresponds to the difference between a first time instance and a second time instance, the first time instance being associated with a first pair of concurrent frequency hopping resources, and the second time instance being associated with a second pair of concurrent frequency hopping resources, wherein the first pair of concurrent frequency hopping resources includes a corresponding first frequency hopping resource in each frequency hopping resource set within the first and second frequency hopping resource sets, and wherein the second pair of concurrent frequency hopping resources includes a corresponding second frequency hopping resource in each frequency hopping resource set within the first and second frequency hopping resource sets.

[0051] In at least one example embodiment, the second pair of concurrent frequency hopping resources appears after the first pair of concurrent frequency hopping resources.

[0052] In at least one example embodiment, the corresponding second frequency hopping resource corresponds to the last frequency hopping resource among the corresponding frequency hopping resources in each frequency hopping resource set within the first and second frequency hopping resource sets.

[0053] In at least one example embodiment, performing one or more operations includes: sending a report indicating at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0054] In at least one example embodiment, the device includes low-power wide-area (LPWA) capability, and wherein performing one or more operations includes: determining the difference based at least in part on performing at least two sets of carrier phase measurements; and sending a request for a second set of standards based at least in part on the difference failing to meet at least one threshold.

[0055] In at least one example embodiment, the device includes a device with low-power wide-area (LPWA) capability, and wherein performing one or more operations includes: receiving a second message including information indicating at least two other carrier phase measurement sets performed at a network node, wherein a second difference between the center frequencies of the at least two other carrier phase measurement sets satisfies at least one threshold, and wherein the second message indicates a request to estimate the location of the device using the at least two other carrier phase measurement sets; and estimating the location of the device based at least in part on the at least two other carrier phase measurement sets.

[0056] In at least one example embodiment, the second message originates from a core network entity, and the core network entity includes a location management function (LMF).

[0057] In at least one example embodiment, the device includes a device with low-power wide-area (LPWA) capability, and wherein performing one or more operations includes: determining that at least two carrier phase measurement sets satisfy a criterion set; and, at least in part based on the determination, using the at least two carrier phase measurement sets to resolve integer ambiguities of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets and to estimate the location of the device.

[0058] In at least one example embodiment, resolving integer ambiguity includes: determining the number of complete wave cycles of at least one downlink reference signal between the transmitter of the downlink reference signal and the device.

[0059] In at least one example embodiment, the apparatus includes a network node, and wherein a first message instructs the network node to perform at least two carrier phase measurement sets using one or more portions of a downlink reference signal bandwidth, the one or more portions of which are equal to one or more combined bandwidths of one or more frequency hopping resource sets associated with a device including low-power wide-area (LPWA) capabilities.

[0060] In at least one example embodiment, a first message instructs a network node to perform a first carrier phase measurement set using a first portion of one or more portions and to perform a second carrier phase measurement set using a second portion of one or more portions, wherein the first portion is equal to a first combined bandwidth of a first frequency hopping resource set having a first center frequency, and the second portion is equal to a second combined bandwidth of a second frequency hopping resource set having a second center frequency.

[0061] In at least one example embodiment, the device includes a network node, and a first message instructs the network node to perform at least two sets of carrier phase measurements using the same criteria as devices that include low-power wide-area (LPWA) capabilities.

[0062] In at least one example embodiment, the network node includes a positioning reference unit configured to support a wider bandwidth than the device.

[0063] In at least one example embodiment, the downlink reference signal includes at least a positioning reference signal.

[0064] In at least one example embodiment, an apparatus is provided comprising: at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code (e.g., instructions) configured together with the at least one processor such that the apparatus at least: sends a first message indicating a request for the apparatus to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets on a downlink reference signal, wherein the first message includes information indicating a first standard set associated with the at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and wherein the first standard set includes: at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets; and receives a first report indicating the at least two carrier phase measurement sets in response to the first message.

[0065] In at least one example embodiment, at least one threshold includes: an upper limit threshold and a lower limit threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0066] In at least one example embodiment, the first standard set further includes at least one of the following: a time window for the time difference between time instances of at least two carrier phase measurement sets, or the number of frequency hopping resources for each carrier phase measurement set in the at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0067] In at least one example embodiment, at least two carrier phase measurement sets are associated with at least two frequency hopping resource sets, wherein the difference corresponds to the difference between a first center frequency and a second center frequency, the first center frequency being associated with a first frequency hopping resource set in the at least two frequency hopping resource sets, and the second center frequency being associated with a second frequency hopping resource set in the at least two frequency hopping resource sets.

[0068] In at least one example embodiment, a first frequency hopping resource set is located within a positioning frequency layer, and a second frequency hopping resource set is located within the same positioning frequency layer, wherein the time difference corresponds to the difference between a first time instance and a second time instance, the first time instance being associated with the first frequency hopping resource set and the second time instance being associated with the second frequency hopping resource set.

[0069] In at least one example embodiment, a first frequency hopping resource set is located within a first positioning frequency layer, and a second frequency hopping resource set is located within a second positioning frequency layer, wherein a first center frequency is associated with the first positioning frequency layer, and a second center frequency is associated with the second positioning frequency layer.

[0070] In at least one example embodiment, the time difference corresponds to the difference between a first time instance and a second time instance, the first time instance being associated with a first pair of concurrent frequency hopping resources and the second time instance being associated with a second pair of concurrent frequency hopping resources, wherein the first pair of concurrent frequency hopping resources includes a corresponding first frequency hopping resource within each frequency hopping resource set in the first and second frequency hopping resource sets, and wherein the second pair of concurrent frequency hopping resources includes a corresponding second frequency hopping resource within each frequency hopping resource set in the first and second frequency hopping resource sets.

[0071] In at least one example embodiment, the second pair of concurrent frequency hopping resources appears after the first pair of concurrent frequency hopping resources.

[0072] In at least one example embodiment, when executed by the at least one processor, the instruction causes the device to at least: send a second message indicating a request for the network node to perform and report at least two other carrier phase measurement sets on the downlink reference signal, wherein the second message includes information indicating a second standard set, the second standard set including at least one threshold and a time window; and receive a second report indicating at least two other carrier phase measurement sets in response to the second message.

[0073] In at least one example embodiment, the second standard set also includes at least the number of frequency hopping resources.

[0074] In at least one example embodiment, the second message instructs the network node to use one or more portions of the downlink reference signal bandwidth to perform at least two other carrier phase measurement sets, the one or more portions of the downlink reference signal bandwidth being equal to one or more combined bandwidths of one or more frequency hopping resource sets associated with the device.

[0075] In at least one example embodiment, the second message instructs a network node to use a first portion of one or more parts to perform a first carrier phase measurement set in at least two other carrier phase measurement sets and to use a second portion of one or more parts to perform a second carrier phase measurement set in at least two other carrier phase measurement sets, wherein the first portion is equal to a first combined bandwidth of a first frequency hopping resource set having a first center frequency, and the second portion is equal to a second combined bandwidth of a second frequency hopping resource set having a second center frequency.

[0076] In at least one example embodiment, the network node includes a positioning reference unit configured to support a wider bandwidth than the device.

[0077] In at least one example embodiment, the device includes low-power wide-area (LPWA) capability, and wherein the instruction, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the device to at least: at least in part, receive a request for a second set of standards based on the aforementioned difference failing to meet at least one threshold.

[0078] In at least one example embodiment, the device includes low-power wide-area (LPWA) capability, and wherein the instruction, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the device to at least: send a third message including information indicating at least two other carrier phase measurement sets performed at a network node, wherein the difference between the center frequencies associated with the at least two other carrier phase measurement sets satisfies at least one threshold, and wherein the third message indicates a request to use the at least two other carrier phase measurement sets to estimate the location of the device.

[0079] In at least one example embodiment, the device includes low-power wide-area (LPWA) capability, and wherein the instruction, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the device to at least: determine, in response to receiving a first report, that at least two carrier phase measurement sets satisfy a first set of criteria; and, at least in part based on the determination, use the at least two carrier phase measurement sets to resolve integer ambiguities of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets and estimate the location of the device.

[0080] In at least one example embodiment, resolving integer ambiguity includes: determining the number of complete wave cycles of at least one downlink reference signal between the transmitter of the downlink reference signal and the device.

[0081] In at least one example embodiment, when executed by the at least one processor, the instruction causes the device to determine a first set of criteria based at least in part on one or more parameters associated with carrier phase positioning.

[0082] In at least one example embodiment, the downlink reference signal includes a positioning reference signal.

[0083] In at least one example embodiment, the device includes a location management function (LMF).

[0084] In at least one example embodiment, an apparatus is provided comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code (e.g., instructions) configured together with the at least one processor such that the apparatus at least: receives a first message including information associated with at least two carrier phase measurement sets of a downlink reference signal, wherein the information indicates a standard set associated with the at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and wherein the standard set includes at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets; and transmits an indication of one or more downlink reference signal resources that satisfy the standard set.

[0085] In at least one example embodiment, at least one threshold includes: an upper limit threshold and a lower limit threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0086] In at least one example embodiment, the standard set further includes at least one of the following: a time window for the time difference between time instances of at least two carrier phase measurement sets, or the number of frequency hopping resources associated with at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0087] In at least one example embodiment, the device includes a radio access network (RAN).

[0088] In at least one example embodiment, a method is provided, the method comprising: receiving a first message indicating one or more parameters of frequency hopping associated with an uplink reference signal transmission; receiving a second message indicating a request to perform uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping using at least two frequency hopping resource sets, wherein the first message includes information indicating a standard set for uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping, and wherein the standard set includes at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two frequency hopping resource sets; and performing uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping using at least two frequency hopping resource sets in response to the second message.

[0089] In at least one example embodiment, a method is provided, the method comprising: receiving a first message including information indicating one or more parameters associated with a configuration of an uplink reference signal; sending a second message indicating a request to a network entity to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets at least partially based on the uplink reference signal, wherein the second message includes information indicating a standard set for the at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and wherein the standard set includes at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets; sending a third message indicating a request to a device to perform uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping using at least two frequency hopping resource sets, wherein the third message includes information indicating the standard set; and receiving a report indicating at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0090] In at least one example embodiment, a method is provided, the method comprising: sending a first message including information indicating one or more parameters associated with a configuration of an uplink reference signal; receiving a second message indicating a request to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets at least partially based on the uplink reference signal, wherein the second message includes information indicating a standard set for the configuration of the uplink reference signal, and wherein the standard set includes at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets; performing at least two carrier phase measurement sets in response to the second message; and sending a report indicating the at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0091] In at least one example embodiment, a method is provided, the method comprising: receiving a first message indicating a request to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets on a downlink reference signal, wherein the first message includes information indicating a standard set associated with the at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and wherein the standard set includes at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets; performing the at least two carrier phase measurement sets in response to the first message; and performing one or more operations in response to performing the at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0092] In at least one example embodiment, a method is provided, the method comprising: sending a first message indicating a request to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets on a downlink reference signal, wherein the first message includes information indicating a first standard set associated with the at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and wherein the first standard set includes at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets; and receiving a first report indicating the at least two carrier phase measurement sets in response to the first message.

[0093] In at least one example embodiment, a method is provided, the method comprising: receiving a first message including information associated with at least two carrier phase measurement sets for a downlink reference signal, wherein the information indicates a standard set associated with the at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and wherein the standard set includes at least one threshold of the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets; and transmitting an indication of one or more downlink reference signal resources satisfying the standard set.

[0094] In at least one example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium includes computer instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to: receive a first message indicating one or more parameters for frequency hopping associated with an uplink reference signal transmission; receive a second message indicating a request to perform uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping using at least two frequency hopping resource sets, wherein the first message includes information indicating a standard set for uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping, and wherein the standard set includes at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two frequency hopping resource sets; and perform uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping using at least two frequency hopping resource sets in response to the second message.

[0095] In at least one example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium includes computer instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to: receive a first message including information indicating one or more parameters associated with the configuration of an uplink reference signal; send a second message indicating a request to a network entity to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets at least partially based on the uplink reference signal, wherein the second message includes information indicating a standard set for the at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and wherein the standard set includes at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets; send a third message indicating a request to a device to perform uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping using at least two frequency hopping resource sets, wherein the third message includes information indicating the standard set; and receive a report indicating at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0096] In at least one example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium includes computer instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to: send a first message including information indicating one or more parameters associated with a configuration of an uplink reference signal; receive a second message indicating a request to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets at least partially based on the uplink reference signal, wherein the second message includes information indicating a standard set of the configuration of the uplink reference signal, and wherein the standard set includes at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets; perform at least two carrier phase measurement sets in response to the second message; and send a report indicating the at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0097] In at least one example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium includes computer instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to: receive a first message indicating a request to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets for a downlink reference signal, wherein the first message includes information indicating a standard set associated with the at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and wherein the standard set includes at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets; perform the at least two carrier phase measurement sets in response to the first message; and perform one or more operations in response to performing the at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0098] In at least one example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium includes computer instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to: send a first message indicating a request to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets on a downlink reference signal, wherein the first message includes information indicating a first standard set associated with the at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and wherein the first standard set includes at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets; and receive a first report indicating the at least two carrier phase measurement sets in response to the first message.

[0099] In at least one example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium includes computer instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to: receive a first message including information associated with at least two carrier phase measurement sets of a downlink reference signal, wherein the information indicates a standard set associated with the at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and wherein the standard set includes: at least one threshold value for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets; and an instruction to transmit one or more downlink reference signal resources that satisfy the standard set.

[0100] In at least one example embodiment, an apparatus is provided comprising components for: receiving a first message indicating one or more parameters for frequency hopping associated with an uplink reference signal transmission; receiving a second message indicating a request to perform uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping using at least two frequency hopping resource sets, wherein the first message includes information indicating a standard set for uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping, and wherein the standard set includes: at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two frequency hopping resource sets; and performing uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping using at least two frequency hopping resource sets in response to the second message.

[0101] In at least one example embodiment, an apparatus is provided comprising components for: receiving a first message including information indicating one or more parameters associated with a configuration of an uplink reference signal; sending a second message indicating a request to a network entity to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets at least partially based on the uplink reference signal, wherein the second message includes information indicating a standard set of at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and wherein the standard set includes at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets; sending a third message indicating a request to a device to perform uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping using at least two frequency hopping resource sets, wherein the third message includes information indicating the standard set; and receiving a report indicating at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0102] In at least one example embodiment, an apparatus is provided comprising components for: transmitting a first message including information indicating one or more parameters associated with a configuration of an uplink reference signal; receiving a second message indicating a request to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets at least partially based on the uplink reference signal, wherein the second message includes information indicating a standard set of configurations of the uplink reference signal, and wherein the standard set includes at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets; performing at least two carrier phase measurement sets in response to the second message; and transmitting a report indicating the at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0103] In at least one example embodiment, an apparatus is provided comprising components for: receiving a first message indicating a request to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets on a downlink reference signal, wherein the first message includes information indicating a standard set associated with the at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and wherein the standard set includes at least one threshold of the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets; performing at least two carrier phase measurement sets in response to the first message; and performing one or more operations in response to performing at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0104] In at least one example embodiment, an apparatus is provided comprising components for: transmitting a first message indicating a request to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets on a downlink reference signal, wherein the first message includes information indicating a first standard set associated with the at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and wherein the first standard set includes at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets; and receiving a first report indicating the at least two carrier phase measurement sets in response to the first message.

[0105] In at least one example embodiment, an apparatus is provided comprising components for: receiving a first message including information associated with at least two carrier phase measurement sets of a downlink reference signal, wherein the information indicates a standard set associated with the at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and wherein the standard set includes at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets; and transmitting an indication of one or more downlink reference signal resources that satisfy the standard set.

[0106] The above description of the invention is provided only to summarize at least some exemplary embodiments to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of this disclosure. Therefore, it should be understood that the above embodiments are merely examples and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure in any way. It will also be understood that, in addition to those summarized herein, the scope of this disclosure includes many potential embodiments, some of which will be further described below. Attached Figure Description

[0107] After a general description of certain exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and in the drawings:

[0108] Figure 1 An example diagram is shown in which one or more examples disclosed herein can be applied;

[0109] Figure 2 The illustration shows an example signaling diagram in which one or more examples disclosed herein can be applied;

[0110] Figure 3 The illustration shows an example signaling diagram in which one or more examples disclosed herein can be applied;

[0111] Figure 4 The illustration shows an example signaling diagram in which one or more examples disclosed herein can be applied;

[0112] Figure 5 An example block diagram is shown in which one or more examples disclosed herein can be applied.

[0113] Figure 6 An example flowchart is shown in which one or more examples disclosed in this article can be applied;

[0114] Figure 7 An example flowchart is shown in which one or more examples disclosed in this article can be applied;

[0115] Figure 8 An example flowchart is shown in which one or more examples disclosed in this article can be applied;

[0116] Figure 9 An example flowchart is shown in which one or more examples disclosed in this article can be applied;

[0117] Figure 10 The diagram illustrates an example flowchart in which one or more examples disclosed herein can be applied; and

[0118] Figure 11 An example flowchart is shown in which one or more examples disclosed in this article can be applied. Detailed Implementation

[0119] The following embodiments are exemplary. Although the specification may refer to embodiments as "a," "an," or "some" in various places throughout the text, this does not necessarily mean that each reference is for the same embodiment or that a particular feature applies only to a single embodiment. Individual features of different embodiments may also be combined to provide other embodiments. Furthermore, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, those skilled in the art can apply those features, structures, or characteristics in combination with other embodiments, whether or not explicitly described. It should be understood that although the terms "first," "second," etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another.

[0120] For the purposes of this disclosure, the phrases "at least one of A or B", "at least one of A and B" and "A and / or B" refer to (A), (B) or (A and B). For the purposes of this disclosure, the phrases "A, B and / or C" refer to (A), (B), (C), (A and B), (A and C), (B and C) or (A, B and C).

[0121] The embodiments described can be implemented in a communication network, such as any of the following radio access technologies (RATs): Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, WiMAX, GSM (2G), GERAN (GSMEDGE Radio Access Network), GRPS (General Packet Radio Service), UMTS (3G) based on Basic Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA), HSPA (High-Speed ​​Packet Access), LTE (Long Term Evolution), eLTE and LTE-Enhanced (eLTE), 5G (also known as NR), or any future RAT, such as 6G. Furthermore, communication within the communication network can utilize any suitable wireless communication technology, including but not limited to: CDMA, FDMA, TDMA, FDD, TDD, MIMO, OFDM, and / or Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Spectrum OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM).

[0122] As used herein, the term "network device" or "network node" refers to a node in a communication network through which user equipment can access the network and / or through which the node can control wireless communication and manage radio resources within the cell. A network node or network device may be referred to as a base station (BS), access point (AP), access node, or transmit / receive point (TRP). Depending on the technology used, a network device may be, for example, a Node B (NodeB or NB), an evolved Node B (eNodeB or eNB), an NR NB (also known as a gNB), a Remote Radio Unit (RRU), a Radio Headend (RH), a Remote Radio Headend (RRH), a relay, an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node, a low-power node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) or non-terrestrial network equipment (such as satellite network equipment, low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, and geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites), or an aircraft network equipment.

[0123] Furthermore, in the context of a split radio access network (RAN), network equipment can refer to a centralized unit (CU) and / or a distributed unit (DU) of a base station. The interface between the CU and the DU may be referred to as the F1 interface in NR. In a split RAN architecture, node operations can be performed at least partially in a central / centralized unit (CU, e.g., a server, host, or node) that is operationally coupled to a DU (e.g., a radio headend / node). A CU can control one or more DUs to at least act as a transmit / receive (Tx / Rx) node. In at least one embodiment, a DU may include, for example, a Radio Link Control (RLC), Media Access Control (MAC) layer, and a Physical (PHY) layer, while the CU may include layers above the RLC layer, such as a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, a Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and an Internet Protocol (IP) layer. Other functional splitting is also possible. In practice, any processing task can be performed in a CU or a DU, and the boundary of responsibility transfer between the CU and the DU may depend on the applied implementation.

[0124] The term "core network entity" refers to an entity, node, or network function used to support one or more functions of the core network, such as the evolved packet core (EPC). In some examples, core network entities include mobility management entities (MMEs) and / or gateway nodes. An MME can handle the mobility of terminal devices in a tracking area covering multiple cells and handle signaling connections between terminal devices and the core network. A gateway node can handle data routing within the core network and data routing to / from terminal devices. The 5G specification designates the core network as the 5G core (5GC). Alternatively or concurrently, core network entities may include access and mobility management functions (AMFs), user plane functions / gateways (UPFs), and / or one or more other functions, such as location management functions (LMFs). AMFs can handle non-access stratum (NAS) signaling termination, NAS encryption and integrity protection, registration management, connection management, mobility management, access authentication and authorization, and security context management. For example, a UPF node can support packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, and quality of service (QoS) processing. LMFs support the network's location architecture. The LMF can determine the location of a mobile device (e.g., a UE) based on measurement and / or auxiliary information obtained at the LMF, such as measurement and / or auxiliary information obtained from network entities (e.g., RANs) serving the mobile device and / or the mobile device itself. In some examples, the LMF can obtain measurement and / or auxiliary information via the AMF.

[0125] The term "terminal device" refers to any terminal device capable of wireless communication. For example, a terminal device may be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE), subscriber station (SS), or mobile station (MS). Terminal devices can include mobile phones, cellular phones, smartphones, Voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, tablets, wearable terminal devices, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable computers, desktop computers, image capture terminal devices (such as digital cameras), gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback devices, in-vehicle wireless terminal devices, Universal Serial Bus (USB) dongles, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, watches or other wearable devices, head-mounted displays (HMDs), automobiles, drones, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in the context of industrial and / or automated processing chains), consumer electronics devices, devices operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and so on.

[0126] As used herein, the term "resource" can refer to radio resources in the time domain, frequency domain, spatial domain, and / or code domain. Some examples of resources include, for example, physical resource blocks (PRBs), radio frames, subframes, time slots, subbands, frequency regions, subcarriers, beams, etc. The terms "transmit" and / or "receive" can refer to wireless transmission and / or reception over radio resources via a radio channel.

[0127] Figure 1 The illustration shows an example diagram of a communication system 100 (e.g., a communication network) in which the examples disclosed herein can be applied. The communication network (also referred to herein as a cellular communication network or system) may include a network node 110 providing one or more cells (such as source cell 101) and a network node 112 providing one or more other cells (such as target cell 102). For example, each cell may be a macrocell, microcell, femtocell, or picocell. A cell may define a coverage area or service area corresponding to an access node.

[0128] Network node 110 can provide radio access to a communication network to user equipment (UE) 120 (one or more UEs). Radio access may include downlink (DL) communication from the network node to UE 120 and uplink (UL) communication from UE 120 to the network node. Examples of uplink channels include a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) for transmitting control information and a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) for transmitting data to the network. Examples of downlink channels include a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) for transmitting control information and a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) for transmitting data to the user equipment.

[0129] Multiple UEs 120 and 122 can exist in this system. Each of them can be served by the same or different network nodes 110 and 112. UEs can be configured with dual connectivity (DC), where a UE (e.g., UE 120) can be connected to multiple network nodes 110 and 112. UEs (120) can communicate with each other when a device-to-device (D2D) communication interface is established between UEs 120 and 122 via a so-called sidechain (SL). For example, such D2D communication can be referred to as machine-to-machine, peer-to-peer (P2P) communication, or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication.

[0130] In a communication network with multiple network nodes, these nodes can connect to each other via interfaces. For example, the LTE specification refers to this interface as the X2 interface. The interface between an LTE node and a 5G node, or between two 5G nodes, can be called the Xn interface.

[0131] Network nodes 110 and 112 can also connect to the core network 116 of the communication network (also referred to herein as core 116). The LTE specification designates the core network as an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), which may include, for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME) and gateway nodes. The MME handles the mobility of terminal devices in a tracking area comprising multiple cells and handles signaling connections between the terminal devices and the core network. Gateway nodes handle data routing within the core network and data routing to / from terminal devices. The 5G specification designates the core network as a 5G Core (5GC). For example, the 5G Core may include Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMF) and User Plane Functions / Gateways (UPF), among other functions. The AMF handles non-access stratum (NAS) signaling termination, NAS encryption and integrity protection, registration management, connection management, mobility management, access authentication and authorization, security context management, etc. For example, UPF nodes may support packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, and Quality of Service (QoS) processing.

[0132] In 5G new radio, different types of data transmission services are provided by the Media Access Control (MAC) layer. To accommodate these different data transmission services, various types of logical channels are defined. A MAC Protocol Data Unit (MAC PDU) can consist of one or more MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs), which correspond to one or more features requiring a MAC CE. According to 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) 38.321, a MAC PDU includes a subheader with a Logical Channel Identifier (LCID) value or an Extended LCID (eLCID) value. In some examples, UEs 120 and 122 can be configured to send information related to beam management procedures to network nodes 110 and 112 via one or more MAC CEs.

[0133] A MAC PDU is a bit string of byte alignment (e.g., a multiple of 8 bits). The bit string is represented by a table, where the most significant bit is the leftmost bit of the first row and the least significant bit is the rightmost bit of the last row. More generally, the bit string is read from left to right and then in the order of row reading. The bit order of each parameter field within a MAC PDU is indicated by the first and most significant bits of the leftmost bits and the last and least significant bits of the rightmost bits.

[0134] A MAC SDU is a bit string of byte alignment (e.g., a multiple of 8 bits). The MAC SDU is included in the MAC PDU starting from the first bit. A MAC CE is a bit string of byte alignment (e.g., a multiple of 8 bits). A MAC subheader is a bit string of byte alignment (e.g., a multiple of 8 bits). Each MAC subheader is placed directly before the corresponding MAC SDU, MAC CE, or padding field. The MAC entity should ignore the values ​​of reserved bits in the downlink MAC PDU. MAC SDUs can have variable sizes. A MAC PDU may include one or more MAC subPDUs. Each MAC subPDU includes one of the following: a MAC subheader only (including padding fields); a MAC subheader and a MAC SDU; a MAC subheader and a MAC CE; or a MAC subheader and a padding field. MAC CEs can be placed together. Multiple DL MAC subPDUs with MAC CEs are placed before any MAC subPDU with a MAC SDU and the MAC subPDU with a padding field. Multiple uplink MAC sub-PDUs with (multiple) MAC CEs are placed after all (multiple) MAC sub-PDUs with MAC SDUs and before the MAC sub-PDUs with padding in the MAC PDU. The size of the padding field can be zero. At most one MAC PDU can be sent per transport block (TB) per MAC entity.

[0135] Refer again Figure 1The system can be configured to support Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) operation, for example at UEs 120, 122 or network nodes 110, 112. In some examples, the system can support UE event-driven reporting for MIMO operation. For example, the system can support one or more features to facilitate UE-initiated / event-driven beam management for reducing overhead and / or latency. As used herein, UE-initiated / event-driven beam management refers to event-driven beam management initiated by the UE. In some examples, the term "event-driven beam management" refers to a beam management process triggered in response to one or more events. In some examples, UE-initiated / event-driven beam management may include a measurement and reporting configuration framework using a Uniform Transport Configuration Indicator (TCI) and / or one or more Channel State Information (CSI). Furthermore, in some examples, UE-initiated / event-driven beam management may utilize one or more frequency ranges, such as FR2 (frequency range 2) or other frequency ranges, which may include operating frequencies in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) region (e.g., above 24 GHz). Furthermore, in some examples, UE-initiated / event-driven beam management may include a Transport Receiver Point (TRP) (or otherwise associated with it), such as a single TRP with intra-cell beam management and / or inter-cell beam management. In some cases, uplink signaling for UE-initiated / event-driven beam reporting (e.g., uplink signaling content and / or uplink signaling procedures) facilitates relatively fast beam switching. Additionally, in some cases, the UE-initiated / event-driven nature of uplink transmissions and uplink signaling media / containers may be used (e.g., designed for) beam reporting purposes.

[0136] Communication system 100 may support CPP to achieve better positioning estimation accuracy than that achievable by other positioning methods, such as timing-based and / or angle-based positioning methods. Furthermore, in some examples, communication system 100 may support LPWA. For example, the wireless communication system may be an example of an LPWA network (or otherwise include an LPWA network). LPWA networks are designed with a relatively narrow operating bandwidth, ranging from several PRBs to approximately 5 MHz. That is, LPWA networks operate using a relatively narrow operating bandwidth. In some examples, the enhanced coverage of an LPWA network can be extended to a range of approximately 20 dB to approximately 25 dB.

[0137] A relatively narrow operating bandwidth may reduce the likelihood of LPWA networks achieving adequate positioning estimation accuracy using timing-based and / or angle-based methods, even if the goal is low accuracy. CPP outperforms other methods (e.g., timing-based and / or angle-based methods), making it a potential candidate for positioning in LPWA networks. In other words, CPP can be used to improve positioning accuracy within LPWAs because it can achieve better positioning estimation accuracy than timing-based and / or angle-based positioning methods. In some examples, CPP may include carrier phase-based downlink (DL) positioning and / or carrier phase-based uplink (UL) positioning.

[0138] In some examples, carrier phase used for positioning purposes can be used for GNSS (satellite-based) positioning. In some cases, GNSS-based positioning is considered a reliable alternative when RAT-based positioning is unavailable. However, some wireless communication systems (such as 3GPP systems) may decide to reduce (e.g., eliminate) their reliance on non-3GPP systems such as GNSS. In such wireless communication systems, CPP needs to be enabled. For example, by enabling CPP in such wireless communication systems that may include LPWA networks, these systems can reduce their reliance on non-3GPP systems (such as GNSS) used for positioning.

[0139] However, CPP inherently suffers from integer ambiguity because the signal phase repeats itself every 2π cycles. In other words, CPP suffers from integer ambiguity, which refers to the uncertainty in determining the signal phase due to the signal repeating itself periodically in 2π cycles. Therefore, integer ambiguity represents the number of unknown complete wave cycles that occur between the signal transmitter and receiver to generate the same phase (e.g., identical phase) observed at the receiver. As used herein, the term "complete wave cycle," etc., refers to the repetition of a wave, beginning at a point in the wave (e.g., a crest or trough) and ending at the same point in the next repetition. In other words, as used herein, a complete wave cycle includes the entire repetition of the wave pattern.

[0140] Carrier phase measurement errors are relatively small (e.g., approximately 10% of the carrier wavelength). Therefore, the motivation for using carrier phase measurements is to accurately determine the receiver's location. However, carrier phase measurements involve an unknown number of integer multiples of the carrier wavelength, commonly referred to as integer ambiguity (IA). Wireless communication systems implementing CPP can support one or more techniques for resolving integer ambiguity problems in CPP. For example, the wireless communication system can configure the UE and / or TRP to report carrier phase measurements at more than one frequency within the Positioning Frequency Layer (PFL) and / or carrier to the LMF. In some such examples, the frequency can be the carrier frequency or the subcarrier frequency. Alternatively or additionally, the wireless communication system can support UE and / or TRP measurement types based on the carrier phase difference across multiple subcarriers within the PFL and / or carrier. In some such examples, the carrier phase difference across multiple subcarriers within the carrier can be related to the Time of Arrival (TOA). Alternatively or additionally, the wireless communication system can configure the UE and / or TRP to (optionally) report estimated integer ambiguities and / or the search range of integer ambiguities to the LMF. Alternatively or concurrently, the wireless communication system may configure the LMF to provide at least the expected integer ambiguity range for UE-based CPP in the positioning assistance data. However, in some cases, these techniques for addressing the integer ambiguity problem of CPP may not be suitable for wireless communication systems operating under relatively narrow bandwidths (e.g., for LPWA networks).

[0141] For example, the search space for integer ambiguity numbers is inversely proportional to the wavelength of the carrier signal. Therefore, a longer virtual wavelength results in a smaller search space for integer ambiguities and helps resolve integer ambiguities (e.g., by averaging multiple timing measurements associated with the phase measurement, either instantaneously or after several iterations).

[0142] In some examples, carrier phase measurements are obtained from two frequencies, namely f 1 and f 2. In other words, carrier phase measurement starts from the carrier frequency of... f 1. Reference signal and carrier frequency f The reference signal is obtained from 2. In some such examples, the integer ambiguity is measured for each carrier ( N The search space of ) and the corresponding wavelength ( λ The relationship between them can be determined by... and To determine, among which N 1 represents the unknown integer ambiguity level. λ 1 is the carrier frequency f The corresponding wavelength of 1, and where N 2 is an unknown integer ambiguity number. λ 2 is used for carrier frequencyf The corresponding wavelength of 2. By analyzing the wavelength from... f 1 and f 2. The acquired phase measurement performs one or more mathematical operations to obtain the phase with respect to the virtual wavelength. λ v and virtual fuzziness N v Associated virtual phase measurements, in which Where c is the speed of light, and where In obtaining N v Then, the UE location can be estimated based on the combined phase measurements. Alternative location, N v Can be used to obtain N 1 and N 2, and using from f 1 or f The carrier phase measurement of either of the two is used to estimate the UE location.

[0143] Therefore, it can be reduced f 1 or f The interval between 2 (e.g., keep it as small as possible) to maximize λ v And minimize for N v The search space. However, f 1 or f 2. They must be spaced far enough apart to avoid the drawbacks of obtaining carrier phase measurements from adjacent frequencies, including but not limited to low resolution due to multipath effects, diluted accuracy (lower geometric accuracy), reduced sensitivity to frequency-related errors, and reduced ability to correct ionospheric errors.

[0144] In some cases, a wireless communication system may determine that the relatively small operating bandwidth targeted at LPWA is unsuitable for acquiring carrier phase measurements from more than one center frequency. For example, due to the relatively small operating bandwidth, the potential spacing between multiple center frequencies may also be relatively small, and therefore insufficient to resolve integer ambiguity issues and / or achieve adequate accuracy when using CPP. For instance, a wireless communication system may determine that an operating bandwidth of approximately 10 MHz is suitable for resolution of integer ambiguity numbers, and 10 MHz could be approximately twice the operating bandwidth used for LPWA. Therefore, the wireless communication system may determine that the operating bandwidth for LPWA is insufficient to resolve integer ambiguity numbers.

[0145] In some cases, wireless communication systems may use frequency hopping (FH) to overcome one or more problems associated with the relatively small operating bandwidth used for capability-reduced UEs (such as LPWA UEs). However, wireless communication systems may lack a mechanism for resolving phase integer ambiguities when FH is used for positioning. For example, when relatively small bandwidth is used for CPP, wireless communication systems may lack a framework to enable capability-reduced UEs (e.g., LPWA UEs) or other types of UEs to resolve integer ambiguity problems via virtual wavelength methods.

[0146] In LPWA networks, the integer ambiguity problem suffered by CPP is exacerbated due to wide-area coverage, which increases measurement uncertainty (e.g., phase measurement errors, including phase multipath and phase noise). Furthermore, wide-area coverage reduces the number of adjacent gNB / carrier phase measurements, thus increasing the error range for phase measurements. Additionally, in some LPWA networks, the virtual wavelength method (a candidate method for addressing integer ambiguity) can be avoided, regardless of whether frequency hopping is used to combine phase measurements. For example, in scenarios where CPP is used in an LPWA network without frequency hopping, the bandwidth may be insufficient to report carrier phase measurements from multiple frequencies that are sufficiently spaced apart. In scenarios where frequency hopping is used to combine phase measurements from CPP in an LPWA network, the LPWA network may lack a mechanism to enable the LPWA UE to report different sets of carrier phase measurements from different frequency hopping sets (e.g., frequency hopping resources) for which the spacing between their center frequencies meets the usage criteria for the virtual wavelength method. Therefore, LPWA networks can avoid using CPP.

[0147] Various aspects of this disclosure enable CPP for LPWA networks by enabling LPWA UEs to use virtual length methods to resolve integer ambiguity issues when carrier phase measurements are used for positioning. For example, various aspects of this disclosure provide a framework for downlink-based and uplink-based CPP for LPWA networks that implements virtual wavelength methods for resolving integer ambiguity within LPWA networks. In some examples, for DL-based positioning, various aspects of this disclosure enable the LMF to request the UE to perform and report at least N ( N >=2) carrier phase measurement sets, for which the frequency interval between the center frequencies of these sets is not less than a lower limit (e.g., minimum) threshold and not greater than an upper limit (e.g., maximum) threshold, for which the time interval is within a time window, and / or for which each carrier phase measurement set includes at least the threshold number of frequency hopping resources. In other words, the LMF can provide a message to the UE that includes performing and reporting at least N ( NThe request includes >=2) carrier phase measurement sets and information indicating one or more criteria to be met for the carrier phase measurements. The one or more criteria may include a lower (e.g., minimum) threshold and an upper (e.g., maximum) threshold for the frequency interval between the center frequencies of the carrier phase measurement sets, a time window for the time interval between the carrier phase measurement sets, and / or the number of thresholds for the frequency hopping resources of the carrier phase measurement sets.

[0148] Alternatively or concurrently, for DL-based positioning, various aspects of this disclosure enable the LPWA UE to obtain at least [amount missing] based on the number of frequency hopping resources (e.g., DL PRS frequency hopping) used by the UE according to the messages provided by the LMF. N A set of carrier phase measurements. For example, N The spacing between the center frequencies of the carrier phase measurement sets can meet the provided criteria. In some examples, various aspects of this disclosure enable the LPWA UE to report at least [missing information] based on the provided LMF indication and, for example, auxiliary information for each set. N A set of carrier phase measurements. The center frequency may differ from the center frequency of the configured CC (component carrier). For example, the center frequency may not be associated with the center frequency of the CC and / or BWP (bandwidth portion), but rather with the frequency resources (e.g., RB) of the DL reference signal used to acquire carrier phase measurements. In some examples, the integer ambiguity search space increases with the increase in the interval between the two frequencies used in the virtual length method. However, at the same time, the two frequencies must be separated from each other sufficiently to distinguish the phase measurements acquired from the two frequencies. In other words, a lower limit (e.g., minimum) interval threshold is used to avoid accuracy dilution, and an upper limit (e.g., maximum) interval threshold is used to reduce measurement uncertainty. The LPWA UE can perform and report carrier phase measurements based on LMF requests. By doing so, the virtual wavelength method can be used (e.g., at the LPWA UE and / or LMF) to resolve the integer ambiguity problem of DL-based carrier phase measurements for LPWA, and thus CPP can be enabled for the LPWA UE. Although some of the examples provided herein involve PRS, it should be understood that DL-based positioning can be performed using other types of downlink reference signals, and the examples described are merely illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure in any way.

[0149] In some examples, for UL-based positioning, various aspects of this disclosure enable the LMF to provide the gNB with a standard of one or more UL SRS frequency hopping configurations (e.g., one or more configurations for UL SRS frequency hopping resources) to be used for integer ambiguity resolution. In some such examples, the gNB may provide the UE with the UL SRS(s)(s) configuration(s) for frequency hopping based on LMF instructions. Additionally or alternatively, for UL-based positioning, various aspects of this disclosure enable the LMF to request the UE to at least... N ( N >=2) frequency hopping sets (e.g., frequency hopping resources) perform UL SRS frequency hopping, for which the interval between center frequencies is not less than a lower (e.g., minimum) threshold and not greater than an upper (e.g., maximum) threshold, and / or for which each frequency hopping resource set includes at least the threshold number of frequency hopping resources. In some such examples, the LMF may request the gNB to perform and report at least N ( N >=2) carrier phase measurement sets. In some such examples, the LMF can request the gNB to use at least 2) carrier phase measurement sets when performing carrier phase measurements. N ( N >=2) sets of UL SRS frequency hopping (e.g., UL SRS frequency hopping resources), for which the interval between center frequencies is not less than a lower (e.g., minimum) threshold and not greater than an upper (e.g., maximum) threshold. The gNB can perform and report carrier phase measurements based on LMF requests. By doing so, virtual wavelength methods (e.g., at the LMF) can be used to resolve integer ambiguity issues in UL-based carrier phase measurements for LPWA, and thus the CPP method can be enabled for LPWA UEs. Although some examples provided herein relate to SRS, it should be understood that UL-based positioning can be performed using other types of uplink reference signals, and the examples described are merely illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure in any way.

[0150] In some examples, the UE may choose not to perform or may perform only a portion of a request from the LMF. For example, the UE may not be forced to comply with an LMF request and may have some flexibility in determining how to respond to it. For instance, the UE may lack sufficient resources (or neighboring gNBs) to satisfy one or more LMF requests. Furthermore, the UE may lack one or more capabilities to comply with (e.g., precisely comply with) one or more LMF requests. For example, the network may implement some flexibility on the UE side where the UE is not required to report its capabilities to the LMF. Additionally, some security reasons may inspire this flexibility. For example, the UE may disagree with assisting the network in determining the UE's location. In such examples, the UE may be allowed to avoid complying with one or more LMF requests. Therefore, in some examples, the UE may have some flexibility in determining how to perform or otherwise acquire DL PRS carrier phase measurements or how to perform UL SRS frequency hopping in response to a request from the LMF.

[0151] As described herein, the downlink-based and uplink-based CPP framework for LPWA networks provides the behavior and signaling between the LPWA UE, Positioning Reference Unit (PRU), gNB, and / or Network Positioning Entity (e.g., LMF) to enable uplink-based and downlink-based CPP for LPWA networks (or other networks operating with relatively limited bandwidth). By enabling CPP for LPWA networks, as described herein, the downlink-based and uplink-based CPP framework for LPWA networks can provide higher accuracy and lower uncertainty for LPWA UE positioning. Although some examples provided herein relate to LPWA networks and devices, it should be understood that the downlink-based and uplink-based CPP framework described herein can be applied to other types of networks or devices operating with relatively narrow bandwidth, and the examples described are merely illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure in any way.

[0152] Figure 2 An example signaling diagram 200 is illustrated in which one or more examples disclosed herein may be applied. Signaling diagram 200 illustrates operations performed by UE 220, PRU 214, network entity 210, and core entity 216 according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, such as in Figure 1 Within the system. Network entity 210 can be a reference. Figure 1 Examples of network nodes are illustrated and described. For example, network entity 210 could be an example of a RAN node, such as a gNB or TRP. Core entity 216 could be a reference. Figure 1 Examples of core elements illustrated and described. For example, core entity 216 could be an example of an LMF. UE 220 and PRU 214 could be references. Figure 1Examples of UEs illustrated and described. Figure 2 In the examples, UE 220 may be an example of a device with reduced bandwidth compared to one or more other types of devices operating within a wireless communication system. That is, in some examples, UE 220 may have reduced (e.g., limited) bandwidth capabilities. For example, UE 220 may be an example of an LPWA UE (e.g., a UE with one or more LPWA capabilities), or another type of UE operating with a relatively narrow bandwidth compared to one or more other types of devices operating within a wireless communication system. In some examples, such as those where UE 220 is an LPWA UE, the capabilities of UE 220 may be reduced compared to the capabilities of the baseline device. For example, compared to the baseline device, UE 220 may be configured to support reduced (e.g., narrower) bandwidth, reduced MIMO layers (e.g., reduced maximum MIMO layers), and / or reduced downlink modulation order (e.g., reduced maximum downlink modulation order). As an illustrative example, the baseline device may support a maximum bandwidth of 100 MHz, while the LPWA UE may support a maximum bandwidth of 5 MHz. Alternatively or concurrently, the baseline device can support up to two or four downlink MIMO layers and downlink modulation order of 256 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), while the LPWA UE can support a single MIMO layer and downlink modulation order of 16QAM.

[0153] exist Figure 2 In the example, PRU 214 can be an example of a baseline device, or another type of device (e.g., a UE) configured to support a wider bandwidth than UE 220. One or more operations performed at UE 220, PRU 214, network entity 210, and / or core entity 216 may be performed in a different order than the example shown. Alternatively or additionally, one or more operations performed at UE 220, PRU 214, network entity 210, and / or core entity 216 may be omitted, and / or one or more other operations performed at UE 220, PRU 214, network entity 210, and / or core entity 216 may be added. Signaling diagram 200 may support a downlink-based CPP framework for LPWA networks that enables virtual wavelength methods for resolving integer ambiguities within LPWA networks.

[0154] At 222, core entity 216 (e.g., LMF) determines one or more DL PRS configurations for frequency hopping (e.g., frequency hopping resources) that satisfy integer ambiguity resolution criteria. For example, core entity 216 may determine one or more DL PRS configurations for frequency hopping resources for which the interval between the center frequencies of at least two frequency hopping resource sets satisfies the integer ambiguity resolution criteria for CPP. As an illustrative example, if there are four frequency hopping resources, the center frequency of a first frequency hopping resource set including the first three frequency hopping resources will be different from the center frequency of a second frequency hopping resource set including the first two frequency hopping resources. In such an example, network entity 210 (e.g., gNB) or core entity 216 (e.g., LMF) may not know the center frequency because, for example, network entity 210 transmits wideband DL PRS (e.g., 100 MHz), and UE 220 (e.g., LPWAUE) performs frequency hopping on frequency hopping resources where the center frequency can be changed. For example, UE 220 may perform frequency hopping based on one or more capabilities of UE 220 related to the (maximum) bandwidth of carrier phase measurement and the number of overlapping PRBs configured between frequency hopping resources. The center frequency may be changed depending on the number of overlapping PRBs. Furthermore, in some examples, the number of overlapping PRBs (e.g., the amount of overlapping PRBs between two frequency hopping resources) may be determined by UE 220.

[0155] At 224, core entity 216 provides network entity 210, PRU 214, and / or UE 220 with auxiliary information for the configuration of (multiple) DL PRS. In some examples, the auxiliary information may include the number of one or more center frequencies and / or frequency hopping resources required to obtain a set of carrier phase measurements that satisfy the integer ambiguity resolution criteria provided by core entity 216.

[0156] At 226, network entity 210 may configure (e.g., provide) (multiple) DLPRS configurations to UE 220 and / or PRU 214 to perform receiver frequency hopping (e.g., DL PRS frequency hopping). In some examples, core entity 216 may know (e.g., needs to know) the number of frequency hopping resources available to UE 220 (or PRU 214). In some such examples, core entity 216 may use the number of frequency hopping resources available to UE 220 (or PRU 214) to determine one or more possible combinations of frequency hopping groups (e.g., sets of frequency hopping resources) for which the interval between the center frequencies of the frequency hopping groups satisfies an integer ambiguity resolution criterion. In some examples, network entity 210 may provide a report to the LMF regarding the DL PRS configuration. In some such examples, the LMF may verify whether the DL PRS configuration meets the criteria for integer ambiguity resolution. In some examples, such as those where the DL PRS configuration fails to meet the criteria, the LMF may request network entity 210 to update the DL PRS configuration (or one or more parameters included therein).

[0157] At 228, network entity 210 may send DL PRS resources (e.g., DL PRS via DLLPRS resources) to UE 220 and / or PRU 214. In some examples, network entity 210 may instruct UE 220 and / or PRU 214 to acquire carrier phase measurements by performing receiver DL PRS frequency hopping.

[0158] At 230, core entity 216 may send (e.g., output) a request to UE 220 and / or PRU 214 to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets for the downlink reference signal, and may indicate a standard set associated with the at least two carrier phase measurement sets. The standard set may include at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets. That is, the difference (e.g., frequency spacing) between the center frequencies of at least two resource sets occupied by the downlink reference signal used for the at least two carrier phase measurement sets. In some examples, the at least two carrier phase measurement sets are associated with at least two downlink reference signal reception frequency hopping sets. In other words, the at least two carrier phase measurement sets are associated with at least two frequency hopping resource sets. In some such examples, one (frequency domain) resource of the frequency hopping resource (also called frequency hopping) set corresponds to a single measurement. Therefore, in some examples, the difference corresponds to the difference between the resources of the at least two frequency hopping resource sets used for carrier phase measurements. In other words, the difference corresponds to the difference between the first center frequency and the second center frequency, where the first center frequency is associated with a first frequency hopping resource set in at least two frequency hopping resource sets, and the second center frequency is associated with a second frequency hopping resource set in at least two frequency hopping resource sets.

[0159] At least one threshold may include an upper (e.g., maximum) threshold and a lower (e.g., minimum) threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of at least two carrier phase measurement sets. The standard set also includes a time window for the time difference (e.g., time interval) between time instances of at least two carrier phase measurement sets (e.g., time instances on which at least two carrier phase measurement sets are performed), and / or the number of frequency hopping resources for each carrier phase measurement set in the at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0160] In other words, core entity 216 can request UE 220 and / or PRU 214 to perform and report at least N ( N >=2) DLPRS carrier phase measurement sets, for these DLPRS carrier phase measurement sets, N The interval between the center frequencies of each set is not less than the minimum threshold (th). min And not greater than the maximum threshold (th) max For these DL PRS carrier phase measurement sets, N The intervals between the times on which each carrier phase measurement set is performed are within a time window, and / or for these DL PRS carrier phase measurement sets, N Each set in the carrier phase measurement set includes at least a plurality of frequency hopping resources. In other words, core entity 216 may request UE 220 and / or PRU 214 to perform and report at least the following conditions being met for its criteria set: N ( N >=2) carrier phase measurement sets. The standard set may include those used for... N The lower (e.g., minimum) threshold and upper (e.g., maximum) threshold for the frequency interval between the center frequencies of each carrier phase measurement set, used for N The time window for the time interval between carrier phase measurement sets, and / or used for N The threshold number of frequency hopping resources for each carrier phase measurement set.

[0161] In some examples, the first frequency hopping resource set is located within the Positioning Frequency Layer (PFL), and the second frequency hopping resource set is located within the same PFL. In some such examples, the time difference (e.g., time interval) corresponds to the difference between a first time instance and a second time instance, the first time instance being associated with the first frequency hopping resource set and the second time instance being associated with the second frequency hopping resource set. For example, UE 220 (or PRU 214) can use frequency hopping resources 1, 2, and 3 to form a frequency hopping array with a center frequency. f 1 is the first set of frequency hopping resources and uses frequency hopping resources 2, 3 and 4 to form a center frequency. f The second frequency hopping resource set of 2. In some such examples,f 1 and f The frequency interval between 2 can be greater than the lower threshold and less than the upper threshold (e.g., th). min < f 2- f 1 <th max In some other examples, UE 220 may use the first three frequency hopping resources and the last three frequency hopping resources within the Positioning Frequency Layer (PFL) to form the first frequency hopping resource set and the second frequency hopping resource set, respectively. In some such examples, the time interval between the first frequency hopping resource set and the second frequency hopping resource set may be within a time window based on an LMF request (e.g., a time window that utilizes a request indication and / or another time window based on the request).

[0162] In some examples, DL PRS frequency hopping resources can be configured within different PFLs. For example, a first set of frequency hopping resources can be located within a first PFL, and a second set of frequency hopping resources can be located within a second PFL. In some such examples, a first center frequency can be associated with a first PFL, and a second center frequency can be associated with a second PFL. Furthermore, in some such examples, a time difference (e.g., a time interval) can correspond to the difference between a first time instance and a second time instance, the first time instance being associated with a first pair of concurrent frequency hopping resources, and the second time instance being associated with a second pair of concurrent frequency hopping resources, wherein the first pair of concurrent frequency hopping resources includes a corresponding first frequency hopping resource in each of the first and second frequency hopping resource sets, and wherein the second pair of concurrent frequency hopping resources includes a corresponding second frequency hopping resource in each of the first and second frequency hopping resource sets. In some examples, the second pair of concurrent frequency hopping resources appears after the first pair of concurrent frequency hopping resources. For example, a corresponding second frequency hopping resource can correspond to the last frequency hopping resource among the frequency hopping resources in each of the first and second frequency hopping resource sets.

[0163] For example, the aggregated bandwidth of simultaneous frequency hopping belonging to different PFLs (e.g., using the same frequency hopping resources) may not exceed the LPWA UE bandwidth (e.g., the maximum LPWA UE bandwidth). In such an example, UE 220 may use two PFLs, and the spacing between the center frequencies of these two PFLs shall satisfy the requested LMF criterion (e.g., the criterion provided by the LMF along with the request). For example, the first PFL (PFL1) may be configured with a center frequency of... f 1 has three frequency hopping resources {PFL1-1, PFL1-2, PFL1-3}, and the second PFL (PFL2) can be configured with a center frequency of fUE 220 has three frequency hopping resources {PFL2-1, PFL2-2, PFL2-3}. UE 220 can determine whether to use PFL1 and PFL2, making... f 1 and f The frequency interval between 2 can be greater than the lower threshold and less than the upper threshold (e.g., th). min < f 2- f 1 <th max This forms a first frequency hopping resource set {PFL1-1, PFL1-2, PFL1-3} and a second frequency hopping resource set {PFL2-1, PFL2-2, PFL2-3}. In such an example, receiver PRS frequency hopping can be performed simultaneously on each of the following pairs: {PFL1-1, PFL2-1}, {PFL1-2, PFL2-2}, and {PFL1-3, PFL2-3}, wherein the time interval between the time instances in which receiver PRS frequency hopping can be performed on the first pair {PFL1-1, PFL2-1} and the last pair {PFL1-3, PFL2-3} is within a time window based on the LMF request, and / or the aggregated bandwidth of each pair may not exceed the LPWA UE bandwidth (e.g., the maximum LPWA UE bandwidth).

[0164] In some examples, a center frequency is present. f The PFL1 of UE 220 can be configured with a 100 MHz PRS (or another suitable PRS), and UE 220 can perform measurements using frequency hopping. In some such examples, based on an LMF request, UE 220 can perform carrier phase measurements from three frequency hopping resources (or another suitable number of frequency hopping resources). For the first frequency hopping, the center frequency can be... f 11 (For example, unlike) f1) Assuming the PRS is a broadcast signal (allowing some UEs (such as eMBB UEs) to perform measurements from a wide bandwidth (such as approximately 100 MHz), and LPWA UEs to perform measurements from a relatively narrow bandwidth (e.g., approximately 5 MHz), UE 220 can perform carrier phase measurements from a portion of the PRS bandwidth (referred to as frequency hopping resources or more simply frequency hopping). In some examples, the PRS can be repeatedly transmitted within a single time slot or across multiple time slots (e.g., using PRS repetition), allowing UE 220 to perform frequency hopping. By configuring DL PRS frequency hopping resources within different PFLs, UE 220 can perform receiver PRS frequency hopping on six PRS frequency hopping resources in three separate time instances, instead of performing receiver PRS frequency hopping in six separate time instances, as can happen, for example, when the DL PRS frequency hopping resources are configured within a single PFL. In some examples, the center frequency of the set of frequency hopping resources within (or across) a PFL is the center frequency of the PFL itself.

[0165] In some examples, core entity 216 may request PRU 214 to perform and report carrier phase measurements using a standard that is associated with a center frequency that is the same (or nearly the same) as the center frequency associated with the measurements of UE 220. In some such examples, core entity 216 may request PRU 214 to perform and report integer ambiguity resolution standards for carrier phase measurements for which they are satisfied.

[0166] In some such examples, core entity 216 may request PRU 214 to use one or more portions of the PRS bandwidth to perform at least two carrier phase measurement sets, where the one or more portions of the PRS bandwidth are equal to one or more combined bandwidths of one or more frequency hopping resource sets used at UE 220. For example, core entity 216 may request PRU 214 to use a first portion of one or more portions of the PRS bandwidth to perform a first carrier phase measurement set and a second portion of one or more portions of the PRS bandwidth to perform a second carrier phase measurement set, where the first portion is equal to a first combined bandwidth of a first frequency hopping resource set having a first center frequency, and the second portion is equal to a second combined bandwidth of a second frequency hopping resource set having a second center frequency. In other words, if UE 220 is requested to report from a first set of three frequency hopping resources (including those with a center frequency...) f The first three frequency hopping resources of group 1) and the second group of three frequency hopping resources (including those with a center frequency) f If the carrier phase measurement of the last three frequency hopping resources (2) is obtained, then PRU 214 can be requested to report the carrier phase measurement from the first part and the second part of the PRS bandwidth, where the first part of the PRS bandwidth is equal to the combined bandwidth of the first three frequency hopping resources and has the center frequency.f The second part of the PRS bandwidth is equal to the combined bandwidth of the last three frequency hopping resources and has the center frequency. f 2. In some other examples, core entity 216 may request PRU 214 to perform PRS receive frequency hopping using the same configuration as UE 220. PRU 214 may not have bandwidth limiting capabilities (e.g., it may not be limited to using a narrower operating bandwidth) and may use a relatively wide PRS bandwidth to acquire carrier phase measurements.

[0167] At position 232, UE 220 and / or PRU 214 can perform at least N A set of carrier phase measurements. In some examples, UE 220 and / or PRU 214 can obtain at least N A set of carrier phase measurements, such that at least N Each set in the carrier phase measurement set is derived from at least the number of DL PRS receiver frequency hopping resources based on the standard provided by core entity 216. That is, UE 220 and / or PRU 214 perform at least... N A set of carrier phase measurements, such that at least N The frequency spacing between the center frequencies of each carrier phase measurement set meets the provided criteria, and the time interval between the first frequency hopping resource in the first frequency hopping resource set used for carrier phase measurement and the last frequency hopping resource in the last frequency hopping resource set used for carrier phase measurement meets the time window provided by core entity 216. In some examples, the combined bandwidth of each carrier phase measurement set can be greater than the (maximum) LPWA UE bandwidth.

[0168] exist Figure 2 In the example, UE 220, PRU 214, network entity 210, and / or core entity 216 can be configured to support a UE-assisted mode in which the position of UE 220 is estimated at core entity 216 (e.g., LMF). In some such examples, at 234, UE 220 (e.g., LPWA UE) can send a report indicating at least two carrier phase measurement sets. That is, UE 220 can report at least [the following information is missing from the original text] to core entity 216 based on the LMF indication provided at 228 (e.g., and the assistance information provided at 224). N Each carrier phase measurement set. In some examples, auxiliary information may include the number of frequency hopping resources for each carrier phase measurement set, one or more frequency hopping identifiers (e.g., frequency hopping IDs), and / or the center frequency (or updated center frequency) of the frequency hopping set.

[0169] In some examples, UE 220 may execute one or more DL PRS frequency hopping resources at a center frequency different from the center frequency configured by core entity 216. In some such examples, UE 220 may determine that the difference between the center frequencies used to execute one or more DL PRS frequency hopping resources fails to meet the criteria provided by core entity 216 (e.g., failure to meet an upper threshold and / or a lower threshold). In these examples, UE 220 may send a request from core entity 216 for a second set of criteria based on the difference in the failure to meet the upper threshold and / or lower threshold.

[0170] In some examples, due to relatively large Doppler shifts caused by movement (e.g., satellite movement in the NTN network or movement of the UE itself), signal reflection, ionospheric errors, or other frequency-related errors, the UE 220 may indicate an updated center frequency for the frequency hopping set to the LMF. Therefore, one or more DL PRS frequency hopping resources can be performed (e.g., receive) at a center frequency different from the center frequency configured by the core entity 216 (e.g., the LMF). In some such examples, the frequency spacing between the updated center frequencies fails to meet an upper limit threshold (e.g., greater than a maximum threshold). max In the case of ), UE 220 can request LMF to provide other (lean) standards for the center frequency (e.g., by increasing the th). max This allows for the reporting of carrier phase measurements from different frequency hopping sets, while also resolving integer ambiguities. In some examples, PRU 214 can report at least [missing information] based on the LMF indication provided at 228 and auxiliary information provided at 224. N A set of carrier phase measurements.

[0171] At 236, core entity 216 can be obtained (e.g., received) from UE 220 and / or PRU 214. N Each carrier phase measurement set. In some examples, based on a request from core entity 216 at 230, each carrier phase measurement set received at core entity 216 may be associated with multiple frequency hopping resources (e.g., a minimum number of frequency hopping resources). Core entity 216 may combine carrier phase measurement sets that meet the provided criteria to resolve integer ambiguity issues and estimate the location of UE 220. In some examples, to resolve integer ambiguity, core entity 216 may determine the number of complete wave cycles of at least one downlink reference signal between network entity 210 and UE 220 (or PRU 214).

[0172] In some examples, core entity 216 can use carrier phase measurements received from PRU measurements to perform dual differential measurements and reduce (e.g., eliminate) transmitter clock offset errors. In other words, carrier phase measurements can include single differential measurements or dual differential measurements. For dual differential measurements, in addition to collecting carrier phase measurements from UE 220, core entity 216 can also collect carrier phase measurements from PRU 214.

[0173] Figure 3 An example signaling diagram 300 is illustrated in which one or more examples disclosed herein may be applied. Signaling diagram 300 illustrates operations performed by UE 320, PRU 314, network entity 310, and core entity 316 according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, such as in Figure 1 Within the system. Network entity 310 can be a reference. Figure 1 and Figure 2 Examples of network nodes are illustrated and described. For example, network entity 310 could be an example of a RAN node, such as a gNB or TRP. Core entity 316 could be a reference. Figure 1 and Figure 2 Examples of core elements illustrated and described. For example, core entity 316 could be an example of an LMF. UE 320 and PRU 314 could be references. Figure 1 and Figure 2 Examples of UEs illustrated and described. Figure 3 In the example, UE 320 could be an LPWA UE (e.g., a UE with one or more LPWA capabilities) or an example of another type of UE operating with relatively narrow bandwidth (e.g., compared to PRU 314). Furthermore, in Figure 3 In the example, PRU 314 could be an example of another UE configured to support a wider bandwidth than UE 320. One or more operations performed at UE 320, PRU 314, network entity 310, and / or core entity 316 may be performed in a different order than the example shown. Additionally or alternatively, one or more operations performed at UE 320, PRU 314, network entity 310, and / or core entity 316 may be omitted, and / or one or more other operations performed at UE 320, PRU 314, network entity 310, and / or core entity 316 may be added. For example, signaling diagram 300 may be included in the reference... Figure 2 The diagram illustrates and describes one or more operations performed at the UE, PRU, network entity, and / or core entity in signaling diagram 200. Similarly, one or more operations performed at the UE 320, PRU 314, network entity 310, and / or core entity 316 in signaling diagram 300 can be found in the reference... Figure 2The signaling diagram 200, as illustrated and described, is executed at the UE, PRU, network entity, and / or core entity. Signaling diagram 300 can support a downlink-based CPP framework for LPWA networks, enabling virtual wavelength methods for resolving integer ambiguities within LPWA networks.

[0174] At 322, core entity 316 (e.g., LMF) determines one or more DL PRS configurations for frequency hopping, for which the interval between the center frequencies of at least two frequency hopping resource sets satisfies the integer ambiguity resolution criterion for CPP. For example, if there are four frequency hopping resources, the center frequency of the first frequency hopping resource set, which includes the first three, will be different from the center frequency of the second frequency hopping resource set, which includes the first two. In such an example, network entity 310 (e.g., gNB) or core entity 316 (e.g., LMF) may not know the center frequency because, for example, network entity 310 transmits wideband DL PRS (e.g., 100 MHz), and UE 320 (e.g., LPWA UE) performs frequency hopping based on one or more bandwidth capabilities for carrier phase measurements performed by UE 320 and the number of overlapping PRBs configured between the frequency hopping resources, which may affect the center frequency. For example, the center frequency can change depending on the number of overlapping PRBs. In addition, in some examples, the number of overlapping PRBs (e.g., the amount of overlapping PRBs between two frequency hopping resources) can be determined by the UE 320.

[0175] At 324, core entity 316 may provide network entity 310, PRU 314, and / or UE 320 with auxiliary information for configuring (multiple) DL PRS. In some examples, the auxiliary information may include one or more center frequencies and / or multiple frequency hopping resources to be used to obtain a set of carrier phase measurements that satisfy the integer ambiguity resolution criteria provided by core entity 316.

[0176] At 326, network entity 310 may configure (e.g., provide) (multiple) DLPRS configurations to UE 320 and / or PRU 314 to perform receiver frequency hopping (e.g., DL PRS hopping). In some examples, the LMF may know (e.g., need to know) the number of frequency hopping resources available to UE 320 (or PRU 314). In some such examples, the LMF may use the number of frequency hopping resources available to UE 320 (or PRU 314) to determine one or more possible combinations of frequency hopping groups (e.g., sets of frequency hopping resources) for which the interval between the center frequencies of the frequency hopping groups satisfies an integer ambiguity resolution criterion. In some examples, network entity 310 may provide the LMF with a report on the DL PRS configuration. In some such examples, the LMF may verify whether the DL PRS configuration meets the criteria for integer ambiguity resolution. In some examples, such as those where the DL PRS configuration fails to meet the criteria, the LMF may request network entity 310 to update the DL PRS configuration (or one or more parameters included therein).

[0177] At 328, network entity 310 may send DL PRS resources to UE 320 and / or PRU 314 (e.g., DL PRS may be sent via DL PRS resources). In some examples, network entity 310 may instruct UE 320 and / or PRU 314 to acquire carrier phase measurements by performing receiver DL PRS frequency hopping.

[0178] At 330, core entity 316 can provide (e.g., output, transmit) a request to UE 320 and / or PRU 314 to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets on downlink reference signals, and can indicate a standard set associated with the at least two carrier phase measurement sets. The standard set may include at least one threshold value for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets. That is, the difference (e.g., frequency spacing) between the center frequencies of at least two resource sets occupied by the at least two downlink reference signals used for the at least two carrier phase measurement sets. In some examples, the at least two carrier phase measurement sets are associated with at least two frequency hopping resource sets. In some such examples, the difference corresponds to the difference between a first center frequency and a second center frequency, the first center frequency being associated with a first frequency hopping resource set in the at least two frequency hopping resource sets, and the second center frequency being associated with a second frequency hopping resource set in the at least two frequency hopping resource sets.

[0179] At least one threshold may include an upper (e.g., maximum) threshold and a lower (e.g., minimum) threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of at least two carrier phase measurement sets. The standard set also includes a time window for the time difference (e.g., time interval) between time instances of at least two carrier phase measurement sets (e.g., time instances in which at least two carrier phase measurement sets are performed), and / or the number of frequency hopping resources for each carrier phase measurement set in the at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0180] In other words, core entity 316 can request UE 320 and / or PRU 314 to perform and report at least N ( N >=2) DLPRS carrier phase measurement sets, for these carrier phase measurement sets, N The interval between the center frequencies of each set is not less than the minimum threshold (th). min And not greater than the maximum threshold (th) max For these carrier phase measurement sets, N The intervals between the times in which each carrier phase measurement set is performed are within a time window, and / or for each of these carrier phase measurement sets, N Each set in the carrier phase measurement set includes at least a plurality of frequency hopping resources. In other words, core entity 316 may request UE 320 and / or PRU 314 to execute and report the criteria set for at least the ones it has satisfied. N ( N >=2) carrier phase measurement sets. The standard set may include... N The lower (e.g., minimum) threshold and upper (e.g., maximum) threshold for the frequency interval between the center frequencies of each carrier phase measurement set, used for N The time window for the time interval between carrier phase measurement sets, and / or used for N The threshold number of frequency hopping resources for each carrier phase measurement set.

[0181] In some examples, UE 320 (or PRU 314) can utilize frequency hopping resources 1, 2, and 3 to form a frequency with a center frequency. f 1 is the first frequency hopping resource set and uses frequency hopping resources 2, 3 and 4 to form a center frequency. f The second frequency hopping resource set of 2. In some such examples, f 1 and f The frequency interval between 2 can be greater than the lower threshold and less than the upper threshold (e.g., th). min < f 2- f 1 <th maxIn some other examples, UE 320 may use the first three frequency hopping resources and the last three frequency hopping resources within the PFL to form the first frequency hopping resource set and the second frequency hopping resource set, respectively. In some such examples, the time interval between the first frequency hopping resource set and the second frequency hopping resource set may be within a time window based on the LMF request (e.g., the time window is another time window that utilizes request knowledge and / or is based on the request).

[0182] In some examples, DL PRS frequency hopping resources can be configured within different PFLs. In some such examples, the aggregated bandwidth of simultaneous frequency hopping resources belonging to different PFLs may not exceed the LPWA UE bandwidth (e.g., the maximum LPWA UE bandwidth), and UE 320 may use two PFLs, for which the spacing between the center frequencies of the two PFLs satisfies the requested LMF criterion (e.g., the criterion provided by the LMF along with the request). For example, the first PFL (PFL1) may be configured with a center frequency of... f 1 has three frequency hopping resources {PFL1-1, PFL1-2, PFL1-3}, and the second PFL (PFL2) can be configured with a center frequency of f UE 320 has three frequency hopping resources: {PFL2-1, PFL2-2, PFL2-3}. UE 320 can choose to use PFL1 and PFL2, making... f 1 and f The frequency interval between 2 can be greater than the lower threshold and less than the upper threshold (e.g., th). min < f 2- f 1 <th max This forms a first frequency hopping resource set {PFL1-1, PFL1-2, PFL1-3} and a second frequency hopping resource set {PFL2-1, PFL2-2, PFL2-3}. In such an example, receiver PRS frequency hopping can be performed simultaneously on each of the following pairs: {PFL1-1, PFL2-1}, {PFL1-2, PFL2-2}, and {PFL1-3, PFL2-3}. The time interval between the time instances in which receiver PRS frequency hopping can be performed on the first pair {PFL1-1, PFL2-1} and the last pair {PFL1-3, PFL2-3} is within a time window based on the LMF request, and the aggregated bandwidth of each pair may not exceed the LPWA UE bandwidth (e.g., the maximum LPWA UE bandwidth).

[0183] In some examples, a center frequency is present. fThe PFL1 of UE 320 can be configured with a 100 MHz PRS (or another suitable PRS), and UE 320 can perform measurements using frequency hopping. In some such examples, based on an LMF request, UE 320 performs carrier phase measurements from three frequency hopping resources (or another suitable number of frequency hopping resources). For the first frequency hopping, the center frequency can be... f 11 (For example, unlike) f 1) Assuming the PRS is a broadcast signal (allowing some UEs (such as eMBB UEs) to perform measurements from a wide bandwidth (such as approximately 100 MHz), and LPWA UEs to perform measurements from a relatively narrow bandwidth (e.g., 5 MHz), UE320 can perform carrier phase measurements from a portion of the PRS (e.g., using frequency hopping resources). In some examples, the PRS can be repeatedly transmitted within a single time slot or across multiple time slots (e.g., using PRS repetition), allowing UE320 to perform frequency hopping. By configuring DL PRS frequency hopping resources within different PFLs, UE320 can perform receiver PRS frequency hopping on six PRS frequency hopping resources in three separate time instances, instead of performing receiver PRS frequency hopping in six separate time instances, as can happen, for example, when DL PRS frequency hopping resources are configured within a single PFL. In some examples, the center frequency of the set of frequency hopping resources within (or across) a PFL is the center frequency of the PFL itself.

[0184] In some examples, core entity 316 may request PRU 314 to perform and report carrier phase measurements using a standard that is associated with a center frequency that is the same (or nearly the same) as the center frequency associated with the measurements of UE 320. In some such examples, core entity 316 may request PRU 314 to perform and report integer ambiguity resolution standards for carrier phase measurements for which they are satisfied.

[0185] At 332, UE 320 and / or PRU 314 perform at least N A set of carrier phase measurements. In some examples, UE320 and / or PRU 314 can perform at least N A set of carrier phase measurements, such that at least N Each set in the carrier phase measurement set is derived from at least the number of DL PRS receiver frequency hopping resources based on the standard provided by core entity 316. That is, UE 320 and / or PRU 314 perform at least... N A set of carrier phase measurements, such that at least N The spacing between the center frequencies of the carrier phase measurement sets satisfies the provided criteria, and such that at least NThe first frequency hopping resource set in the carrier phase measurement set and at least N The time interval between the last frequency hops in the last frequency hop resource set of each carrier phase measurement set is satisfied by the time window provided by core entity 316. In some examples, the combined bandwidth of each carrier phase measurement set can be greater than the (maximum) LPWA UE bandwidth.

[0186] exist Figure 3 In the example, UE 320, PRU 314, network entity 310, and / or core entity 316 can be configured to support a UE-based mode in which the location of UE 320 is estimated at UE 320 itself. In some such examples, at 334, PRU 314 can report at least [missing information] to core entity 216 based on the LMF indication provided at 328 (e.g., and auxiliary information provided at 324). N Each carrier phase measurement set. In some examples, auxiliary information may include the number of frequency hopping resources for each carrier phase measurement set, one or more frequency hopping IDs, and / or the center frequency (or updated center frequency) of the frequency hopping set.

[0187] At 336, core entity 316 (e.g., LMF) can provide (e.g., forward) to UE 320 at least the functions performed by PRU 314. N Each carrier phase measurement set. In some examples, the center frequency of each carrier phase measurement set reported by PRU 314 may be the same as the center frequency of the corresponding set measured by UE 320. For example, core entity 316 may request PRU 314 to use portions of the PRS bandwidth to perform carrier phase measurements, these portions being equal to the combined bandwidth of the frequency hopping resources used by UE 320, and for these portions, the interval between the center frequency of the carrier phase measurement and the center frequency itself is the same as the interval that UE 320 can use (e.g., considering all possible frequency hopping combinations that UE 320 can use). In other words, core entity 316 may provide UE 320 with a second message, the second message including second information indicating at least two other carrier phase measurement sets performed at PRU 314, wherein the difference between the center frequencies of at least two other carrier phase measurement sets satisfies at least one threshold, and wherein the second message indicates a request to UE 320 to use at least two other carrier phase measurement sets to estimate the position of UE 320. In such an example, UE 320 can estimate the location of UE 320 based on at least two other carrier phase measurement sets (e.g., and at least two carrier phase measurement sets performed by UE 320).

[0188] In some such examples, core entity 316 may request PRU 314 to use one or more portions of the PRS bandwidth to perform at least two carrier phase measurement sets, where the one or more portions of the PRS bandwidth are equal to the combined bandwidth of one or more frequency hopping resource sets used at UE 320. For example, core entity 316 may request PRU 314 to use a first portion of one or more portions of the PRS bandwidth to perform a first carrier phase measurement set and a second portion of one or more portions of the PRS bandwidth to perform a second carrier phase measurement set, where the first portion is equal to the first combined bandwidth of a first frequency hopping resource set having a first center frequency, and the second portion is equal to the second combined bandwidth of a second frequency hopping resource set having a second center frequency. In other words, if UE 320 is requested to report from a first set of three frequency hopping resources (including those with a center frequency...) f The first three frequency hopping resources of group 1) and the second group of three frequency hopping resources (including those with a center frequency) f If the carrier phase measurement of the last three frequency hopping resources (2) is obtained, then PRU 314 can be requested to report the carrier phase measurement from the first part and the second part of the PRS bandwidth, where the first part of the PRS bandwidth is equal to the combined bandwidth of the first three frequency hopping resources and has the center frequency. f The second part of the PRS bandwidth is equal to the combined bandwidth of the last three frequency hopping resources and has the center frequency. f 2. In some other examples, core entity 316 may request PRU 314 to perform PRS receive frequency hopping using the same configuration as UE 320. PRU 314 may not have bandwidth limiting capabilities (e.g., it may not be limited to using a narrower operating bandwidth) and may use a relatively wide PRS bandwidth to acquire carrier phase measurements.

[0189] At 338, UE 320 can combine carrier phase measurement sets that satisfy the provided criteria to resolve integer ambiguities and estimate its position. For example, UE 320 can determine that at least two carrier phase measurement sets satisfy the criteria set, and based on this determination, use the at least two carrier phase measurement sets to resolve integer ambiguities of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets and estimate the position of UE 320. In some examples, to resolve integer ambiguities, UE 320 can determine the number of complete wave cycles that at least one DL PRS travels between network entity 310 and UE 320 (or PRU 314).

[0190] In some examples, core entity 316 may instruct UE 3230 to perform dual-differential measurements using forwarded PRU measurements, resolve integer ambiguities, and estimate the UE's location using the known locations of network entity 310 and PRU 314. For example, carrier phase measurements may be single-differential or dual-differential measurements. For dual-differential measurements, in addition to the carrier phase measurements acquired at UE 320 itself, UE 320 may also use carrier phase measurements collected from PRU 314.

[0191] Figure 4 An example signaling diagram 400 is illustrated in which one or more examples disclosed herein may be applied. Signaling diagram 400 illustrates operations performed by UE 420, PRU 414, network entity 410, and core entity 416 according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, such as in Figure 1 Within the system. Network entity 410 can be a reference. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 Examples of network nodes are illustrated and described. For example, network entity 410 could be an example of a RAN node, such as a gNB or TRP. Furthermore, in Figure 4 In the example, PRU 414 can be a reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 Examples of network nodes illustrated and described. For example, PRU 414 could be an example of TRP. Core entity 416 could be a reference. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 Examples of core elements illustrated and described. For example, core entity 416 could be an example of an LMF. UE 420 could be a reference. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 Examples of UEs illustrated and described. Figure 4 In the example, UE 420 could be an LPWA UE (e.g., a UE with one or more LPWA capabilities) or an example of another type of UE operating with relatively narrow bandwidth (e.g., compared to PRU 414).

[0192] One or more operations performed at UE 420, PRU 414, network entity 410, and / or core entity 416 may be performed in a different order than the example shown. Alternatively or additionally, one or more operations performed at UE 420, PRU 414, network entity 410, and / or core entity 416 may be omitted, and / or one or more other operations performed at UE 420, PRU 414, network entity 410, and / or core entity 416 may be added. For example, signaling diagram 400 may be included in reference to... Figure 2 or Figure 3 The diagrams and descriptions illustrate one or more operations performed at the UE, PRU, network entity, and / or core entity in signaling diagram 200 or 300. Similarly, one or more operations performed at UE 420, PRU 414, network entity 410, and / or core entity 416 can be found in the respective references. Figure 2 or Figure 3 The signaling diagrams 200 and 300 shown in the illustrations and descriptions are executed at the UE, PRU, network entity, and / or core entity. Signaling diagram 400 may support an uplink-based CPP framework for LPWA networks, which enables virtual wavelength methods for resolving integer ambiguities within LPWA networks.

[0193] At 422, core entity 416 (e.g., LMF) initiates ULCPP with network entity 410, UE 420, and / or PRU 414. In some examples, at 422, core entity 416 may provide positioning assistance data to network entity 410, UE 420, and / or PRU 414. In some examples, core entity 416 may request a network entity (e.g., gNB) to perform carrier phase measurements for positioning of UE 420 (e.g., LPWA UE).

[0194] At 424, network entity 410 may provide core entity 416 with a UL SRS configuration report associated with one or more UL SRS configurations of UE 420 and / or PRU 414. The UL SRS configuration report may include auxiliary information that can (e.g., by core entity 416) be used to determine whether one or more UL SRS configurations meet criteria for integer ambiguity resolution. In other words, network entity 410 may send a first message indicating one or more parameters for frequency hopping associated with UL SRS transmission. In some examples, the auxiliary information may include the number of frequency hopping (e.g., frequency hopping resources) configured on UE 420, the corresponding start symbol for each frequency hopping resource, the corresponding bandwidth for each frequency hopping, and / or an indication of whether the frequency hopping resources at UE 420 are contiguous. In other words, one or more parameters for frequency hopping may include the number of frequency hopping resources configured on UE 420, at least one start symbol associated with at least one frequency hopping resource, at least one bandwidth associated with at least one frequency hopping resource, a parameter indicating whether the frequency hopping resources are contiguous, or a parameter indicating whether the frequency hopping resources are discontinuous.

[0195] At 426, core entity 416 may perform verification of one or more ULSRS configurations included in the UL SRS configuration report. For example, at 428, core entity 416 may verify whether the UL SRS configuration used for frequency hopping meets the criteria for integer ambiguity resolution. However, in some examples, core entity 416 may determine that the UL SRS configuration used for frequency hopping fails to meet the criteria for integer ambiguity resolution. In some such examples, at 430, core entity 416 may request network entity 410 to update one or more UL SRS configurations. That is, core entity 416 may request network entity 410 to update one or more parameters of one or more UL SRS configurations.

[0196] In other words, core entity 416 can verify one or more parameters using one or more criteria for uplink-based carrier phase positioning, and can send a request to network entity 410 to update at least one of the one or more parameters based on the fact that one or more parameters do not meet one or more criteria. In some examples, by performing verification at 426, core entity 416 can increase the likelihood that UL SRS resources (configured by the gNB) are configured to resolve integer ambiguities in carrier phase measurements obtained using SRS transmissions from UE 420 (e.g., using LPWA SRS transmissions). For example, core entity 416 (e.g., LMF) is the entity (not the gNB) that determines the criteria used to resolve integer ambiguities because the UE position is estimated by core entity 416 (e.g., LMF). Therefore, the criteria used to facilitate SRS transmissions that resolve integer ambiguities (e.g., criteria that SRS resource configuration must meet) can also be defined by the LMF (not the gNB).

[0197] At 432, network entity 410 may provide UE 420 and PRU 414 with one or more verified UL SRS configurations (or one or more updated UL SRS configurations) for transmitting frequency hopping based on the LMF verification at 426. That is, UE 420 may receive from network entity 410 an indication of one or more parameters for frequency hopping associated with UL SRS transmission, or an indication of one or more parameters for frequency hopping association, which are updated relative to one or more parameters provided to the core entity at 424.

[0198] At 434, core entity 416 may provide a message to UE 420 and / or PRU 414 indicating a request for UE 420 and / or PRU 414 to perform UL SRS transmission frequency hopping using at least two frequency hopping resource sets. This message may also indicate a standard set for UL SRS transmission frequency hopping, wherein the standard set includes an upper and lower threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of at least two frequency hopping resource sets, a time window for the time difference between time instances of at least two frequency hopping resource sets, and / or the number of frequency hopping resources for each of the at least two frequency hopping resource sets. In other words, core entity 416 may request UE 420 and / or PRU 414 to use at least N ( N >=2) frequency hopping resource sets perform UL transmission SRS frequency hopping. For these frequency hopping resource sets, N The interval between the center frequencies of each frequency hopping resource set is not less than a lower limit (e.g., minimum) threshold (th min And not greater than the upper limit (e.g., the maximum) threshold (th) max For these frequency hopping resource sets, N The intervals between the execution times of a frequency hopping resource set are within a time window, and / or for these frequency hopping resource sets, N Each frequency hopping resource set includes multiple frequency hopping resources. That is, core entity 416 can request UE 420 and / or PRU 414 to use the standard set for at least the frequency hopping resources it satisfies. N ( N >=2) frequency hopping resource sets are used to perform UL transmission SRS frequency hopping. The standard set may include N The lower (e.g., minimum) threshold and upper (e.g., maximum) threshold for the frequency interval between the center frequencies of a frequency hopping resource set, used for N The time window for the time interval between frequency hopping resource sets, and / or used for N The number of threshold values ​​for a frequency hopping resource set.

[0199] In some examples, core entity 416 may request PRU 414 to use a portion of the SRS bandwidth to perform carrier phase measurements, the portion of the SRS bandwidth being equal to the combined bandwidth of the frequency hopping resources used by UE 420, and / or for the portion of the SRS bandwidth, the spacing between the center frequencies of the frequency hopping resources and the spacing between the center frequencies themselves being the same as the spacing that UE 420 can use (e.g., considering all possible combinations of frequency hopping resources that UE 420 can use).

[0200] At 436, UE 420 and / or PRU 414 may perform UL SRS transmission frequency hopping based on instructions from core entity 416 (at 334), and may perform UL SRS transmission. For example, UE 420 and / or PRU 414 may transmit one or more UL SRS to network entity 410 via one or more UL SRS resources based on UL SRS frequency hopping.

[0201] At 438, core entity 416 may provide a message to network entity 410 indicating a request for network entity 410 to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets based on UL SRS. The message may also indicate a set of criteria for the at least two carrier phase measurement sets, wherein the set of criteria may include upper and lower thresholds for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets, a time window for the time difference between time instances of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and / or the number of frequency hopping resources for each carrier phase measurement set in the at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0202] In other words, core entity 416 can request network entity 410 to perform carrier phase measurements on UE 420 and / or PRU 414 (e.g., perform carrier phase measurements on UL SRS transmitted from UE 420 and / or PRU 414). For example, core entity 416 can request network entity 410 to use at least N ( N >=2) carrier phase measurement sets are used to perform carrier phase measurements on UE 420 and / or PRU 414. For these carrier phase measurement sets, N The interval between the center frequencies of each carrier phase measurement set is not less than a lower limit (e.g., minimum) threshold. min And not greater than the upper limit (e.g., the maximum) threshold (th) max For these carrier phase measurement sets, N The intervals between the times in which each carrier phase measurement set is performed are within a time window, and / or for each of these carrier phase measurement sets, N Each carrier phase measurement set in the carrier phase measurement set includes at least a plurality of frequency hopping resources. In other words, core entity 416 can request network entity 410 to execute and report the criterion set for at least the ones it has satisfied. N ( N >=2) carrier phase measurement sets, where the standard set may include N The lower (e.g., minimum) threshold and upper (e.g., maximum) threshold for the frequency interval between the center frequencies of each carrier phase measurement set, used for N The time window for the time interval between carrier phase measurement sets, and / or used for NThe threshold number of frequency hopping resources for each carrier phase measurement set.

[0203] At 440, network entity 410 can receive SRS transmissions from UE 420 and / or PRU 414, and can perform (or otherwise acquire) them. N A set of carrier phase measurements. Furthermore, at 440, network entity 410 can report to core entity 416 based on a request from core entity 416 (e.g., at 438). N A set of carrier phase measurements (e.g., and associated auxiliary information). In some examples, the auxiliary information may include information used to obtain an integer ambiguity resolution criterion that satisfies the criteria provided by core entity 416 (e.g., at 438). N The center frequency and / or of each carrier phase measurement set N The number of frequency hopping resources for each carrier phase measurement set. In other words, network entity 410 can send a report and associated auxiliary information, wherein the auxiliary information indicates at least two center frequencies associated with at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and / or the number of frequency hopping resources used to perform at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0204] At 442, core entity 416 can use carrier phase measurements from network entity 410 (e.g., and PRU 414) to form differential measurements, such as dual differential measurements, to resolve integer ambiguities and estimate the location of UE 420. In other words, in response to receiving a report, core entity 416 can determine that at least two sets of carrier phase measurements satisfy a criterion set, and therefore, at least two sets of carrier phase measurements can be used to resolve integer ambiguities in at least two sets of carrier phase measurements and estimate the location of UE 420. In some examples, to resolve integer ambiguities, core entity 416 can determine the number of wave cycles of at least one UL SRS between network entity 410 and UE 420 (or PRU 414). In some examples, carrier phase measurements can include single differential measurements or dual differential measurements. For dual differential measurements, in addition to collecting carrier phase measurements from network entity 410, core entity 416 can also collect (and use) carrier phase measurements from PRU 414.

[0205] Figure 5An example block diagram of an apparatus 10 in which one or more examples disclosed herein may be applied is illustrated. For example, apparatus 10 includes at least one processor 12 and at least one memory 14 storing instructions 15, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause apparatus 10 to perform at least one or more methods and one or more embodiments thereof disclosed herein. In one example, the at least one memory and instructions (e.g., computer program code, software, etc.) are configured, together with the at least one processor, to cause apparatus 10 to perform one or more methods and one or more embodiments thereof disclosed herein.

[0206] Processor 12 may include, or be configured as, one or more circuit systems configured to perform various stages of the methods according to one or more exemplary embodiments described herein. As used herein, the term “circuit system” may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) a purely hardware circuit implementation, such as an implementation in analog and / or digital circuitry only; and (b) a combination of hardware circuitry and software, such as, where applicable: (i) a combination of (multiple) analog and / or digital hardware circuitry with software / firmware; and (ii) any portion of (multiple) hardware processors (including (multiple) digital signal processors), software, and (multiple) memories having software that work together to enable a device (such as a user equipment) to perform various functions; and (c) (multiple) hardware circuitry and / or (multiple) processors, such as (multiple) microprocessors or portions thereof, which require software (e.g., firmware) to operate, but may be absent when the software is not required to operate. This definition of circuit system applies to all uses of the term in this application, including in any claim. As another example, as used in this application, the term "circuit system" also encompasses only the implementation of hardware circuitry or a processor (or multiple processors) or a portion thereof, and its accompanying software and / or firmware. For example, if applicable to a particular claim, the term "circuit system" also encompasses baseband integrated circuits or processor integrated circuits for mobile devices, or similar integrated circuits in servers, cellular network devices, or other computing or network devices.

[0207] The memory 14 can be implemented using any suitable data storage technology. The memory may include a database for storing data. For example, the memory 14 may be at least partially located outside the device 10, but may be accessible by the device 10.

[0208] Instruction 15 may be included in a computer-readable medium or a non-transitory computer-readable medium. As used herein, the term “non-transitory” refers to a limitation on the medium itself (e.g., tangible rather than signaling), rather than a limitation on the persistence of data storage (e.g., random access memory (RAM) versus read-only memory (ROM)).

[0209] For example, device 10 can be a terminal device, such as Figures 1-4 The UE. As another example, the device can be included in such a terminal device, for example, as a chipset configured to control the terminal device. Device 10 can be made or configured to perform Figures 2 to 4 The signaling diagram and / or one or more operations of the UE shown in one or more embodiments described herein.

[0210] As another example, device 10 is Figures 1-4 The device is included in a network node (e.g., a RAN node). In another embodiment, the device is included in such a network node, for example, as a chipset configured to control the network node. The device 10 can be made or configured to perform... Figures 2 to 4 The signaling diagram and / or one or more operations of the network nodes shown in one or more embodiments described herein.

[0211] As another example, device 10 is Figures 1-4 The core entity (e.g., LMF). In another embodiment, the device is included in such a core entity, for example, as a chipset configured to control the core entity. Device 10 can be made or configured to perform Figures 2 to 4 The signaling diagram and / or one or more operations of the core entities shown in one or more embodiments described herein.

[0212] The device may include one or more entities of any protocol layer, such as a MAC entity, RRC entity, RLC entity, PDCP entity, or PHY entity. In at least one embodiment, the entity is configured to at least perform Figures 2 to 4 The signaling diagram and / or the operations shown in one or more embodiments described herein.

[0213] In some examples, device 10 may include a radio interface 16. Radio interface 16 may provide communication capabilities to device 10. Radio interface 16 may include a receiver configured to receive information according to at least one cellular or non-cellular standard. Radio interface 16 may include a transmitter configured to transmit information according to at least one cellular or non-cellular standard. Receivers may include more than one receiver. Transmitters may include more than one transmitter. Radio interface 16 may include a transceiver configured to receive and transmit information according to at least one cellular or non-cellular standard.

[0214] As used herein, the term "transmit" and the like refers to outputting a signal via an interface that provides a wired or wireless connection between two or more devices (or two or more components of a single device). In some examples, the signal is, for example, a radio frequency signal output via radio interface 16. In some other examples, the signal is, for example, an electrical signal (or optical signal) output via processor 12.

[0215] In some examples, device 10 may include a user interface 18, which includes at least one of, for example, a keypad, microphone, touch display, monitor, speaker, etc. User interface 18 can be used to control the device by a user. User interface 18 may be external to device 10. For example, device 10 may be connected to another device, such as a computer, via a wireless or wired connection, and device 10 may be controlled by a user via the computer.

[0216] In at least one embodiment, at least some of the processes described herein can be performed by an apparatus including components for performing at least some of the processes. Components for performing the method steps disclosed herein may include software and / or hardware components of apparatus 10. For example, at least one processor 12, memory 14, and computer program code form components for performing one or more methods disclosed herein and one or more embodiments thereof. The term "component" as used in the specification and claims may refer to one or more individual elements configured to perform one or more corresponding described functions, or it may refer to several elements for performing one or more such functions. Furthermore, the functions described in the claims may be performed by the same individual components or a combination of the same components. For example, the execution of one or more such functions may be caused in the apparatus by a processor executing instructions stored in the memory of the apparatus.

[0217] Figure 6 An example flowchart 600 is illustrated in which one or more examples disclosed herein may be applied. This method may be implemented by a computer. This method may be executed by a UE, such as a reference... Figures 1-4 The UE is illustrated and described. In some examples, the UE may be a reference. Figure 5 Examples of the apparatus 10 illustrated and described.

[0218] like Figure 6As shown, at block 610, the UE receives a first message indicating a request to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets for a downlink reference signal. The first message includes information indicating a standard set associated with the at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and the standard set includes at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets. For example, the UE may include components for receiving the first message (e.g., processor 12, memory 14, radio interface 16), the first message indicating a request to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets for a downlink reference signal, wherein the first message includes information indicating a standard set associated with the at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and wherein the standard set includes at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0219] like Figure 6 As shown, at block 612, the UE performs at least two carrier phase measurement sets in response to the first message. For example, the UE may include components (e.g., processor 12, memory 14, radio interface 16) for performing at least two carrier phase measurement sets in response to the first message.

[0220] like Figure 6 As shown, at block 614, the UE performs one or more operations in response to executing at least two carrier phase measurement sets. For example, the UE may include components (e.g., processor 12, memory 14, radio interface 16) for performing one or more operations in response to executing at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0221] Figure 7 An example flowchart 700 illustrates a method in which one or more examples disclosed herein can be applied. This method can be implemented by a computer. This method can be executed by a core entity, such as [reference needed]. Figures 1-4 The core entity illustrated and described (e.g., LMF). In some examples, the core entity may be a reference. Figure 5 Examples of the apparatus 10 illustrated and described.

[0222] like Figure 7As shown, at block 710, the core entity sends a first message indicating a request to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets for a downlink reference signal. The first message includes information indicating a first standard set associated with the at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and the first standard set includes at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets. For example, the core entity may include components (e.g., processor 12, memory 14) for sending the first message, which indicates a request to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets for a downlink reference signal, wherein the first message includes information indicating a first standard set associated with the at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and wherein the first standard set includes at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0223] like Figure 7 As shown, at block 712, the core entity receives a first report indicating at least two carrier phase measurement sets in response to a first message. For example, the core entity may include components (e.g., processor 12, memory 14) for receiving the first report indicating at least two carrier phase measurement sets in response to the first message.

[0224] Figure 8 An example flowchart 800 illustrates a method in which one or more examples disclosed herein can be applied. This method can be implemented by a computer. This method can be executed by a network node, such as [reference needed]. Figures 1-4 The diagram and description of network nodes. In some examples, network nodes may be references. Figure 5 Examples of the apparatus 10 illustrated and described.

[0225] like Figure 8 As shown, at block 810, a network node receives a first message including information associated with at least two carrier phase measurement sets of a downlink reference signal, wherein the information indicates a standard set associated with the at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and wherein the standard set includes at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets. For example, the network node may include components for receiving the first message (e.g., processor 12, memory 14, radio interface 16), the first message including information associated with at least two carrier phase measurement sets of a downlink reference signal, wherein the information indicates a standard set associated with the at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and wherein the standard set includes at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0226] like Figure 8As shown, at block 812, the network node transmits an indication of one or more downlink reference signaling resources that satisfy a standard set. For example, the network node may include components (e.g., processor 12, memory 14, radio interface 16) for transmitting the indication of one or more downlink reference signaling resources that satisfy a standard set.

[0227] Figure 9 An example flowchart 900 illustrates a method in which one or more examples disclosed herein can be applied. This method can be implemented by a computer. This method can be executed by a UE, such as a reference... Figures 1-4 The UE is illustrated and described. In some examples, the UE may be a reference. Figure 5 Examples of the apparatus 10 illustrated and described.

[0228] like Figure 9 As shown, at block 910, the UE receives a first message indicating one or more parameters of frequency hopping associated with uplink reference signal transmission. For example, the UE may include components (e.g., processor 12, memory 14, radio interface 16) for receiving the first message, which indicates one or more parameters of frequency hopping associated with uplink reference signal transmission.

[0229] like Figure 9 As shown, at block 912, the UE receives a second message indicating a request to perform uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping using at least two frequency hopping resource sets, wherein the first message includes information indicating a standard set for uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping. For example, the UE may include components for receiving the second message (e.g., processor 12, memory 14, radio interface 16), the second message indicating a request to perform uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping using at least two frequency hopping resource sets, wherein the first message includes information indicating a standard set for uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping.

[0230] like Figure 9 As shown, at block 914, the UE responds to the second message by using at least two frequency hopping resource sets to perform uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping. For example, the UE may include components (e.g., processor 12, memory 14, radio interface 16) for performing uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping using at least two frequency hopping resource sets in response to the second message.

[0231] Figure 10 An example flowchart 1000 illustrates a method in which one or more examples disclosed herein can be applied. This method can be implemented by a computer. This method can be executed by a core entity, such as [reference needed]. Figures 1-4 The core entity illustrated and described (e.g., LMF). In some examples, the core entity may be a reference. Figure 5 Examples of the apparatus 10 illustrated and described.

[0232] like Figure 10 As shown, at block 1010, the core entity receives a first message, which includes information indicating one or more parameters associated with the configuration of the uplink reference signal. For example, the core entity may include components (e.g., processor 12, memory 14) for receiving the first message, which includes information indicating one or more parameters associated with the configuration of the uplink reference signal.

[0233] like Figure 10 As shown, at block 1012, the core entity sends a second message indicating a request to the network entity to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets, at least partially based on an uplink reference signal. The second message includes information indicating a standard set for the at least two carrier phase measurement sets. For example, the core entity may include components (e.g., processor 12, memory 14) for sending the second message, which indicates a request to the network entity to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets, at least partially based on an uplink reference signal, and includes information indicating a standard set for the at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0234] like Figure 10 As shown, at block 1014, the core entity sends a third message indicating a request to the device to perform uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping using at least two frequency hopping resource sets, wherein the third message includes information indicating the standard set. For example, the core entity may include components (e.g., processor 12, memory 14) for sending the third message, which indicates a request to the device to perform uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping using at least two frequency hopping resource sets.

[0235] like Figure 10 As shown, at block 1016, the core entity receives a report indicating at least two carrier phase measurement sets. For example, the core entity may include components (e.g., processor 12, memory 14) for receiving reports indicating at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0236] Figure 11 An example flowchart 1100 illustrates a method in which one or more examples disclosed herein can be applied. This method can be implemented by a computer. This method can be executed by a network node, such as [reference needed]. Figures 1-4 The diagram and description of network nodes. In some examples, network nodes may be references. Figure 5 Examples of the apparatus 10 illustrated and described.

[0237] like Figure 11As shown, at block 1110, a network node sends a first message that includes information indicating one or more parameters associated with the configuration of an uplink reference signal. For example, the network node may include components (e.g., processor 12, memory 14, radio interface 16) for sending the first message, which includes information indicating one or more parameters associated with the configuration of the uplink reference signal.

[0238] like Figure 11 As shown, at block 1112, a network node receives a second message indicating a request to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets, at least partially based on an uplink reference signal. The second message includes information indicating a standard set for configuring the uplink reference signal. For example, the network node may include components for receiving the second message (e.g., processor 12, memory 14, radio interface 16), the second message indicating a request to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets, at least partially based on the uplink reference signal, wherein the second message includes information indicating a standard set for configuring the uplink reference signal.

[0239] like Figure 11 As shown, at block 1114, the network node performs at least two carrier phase measurement sets in response to the second message. For example, the network node may include components (e.g., processor 12, memory 14, radio interface 16) for performing at least two carrier phase measurement sets in response to the second message.

[0240] like Figure 11 As shown, at block 1116, the network node sends a report indicating at least two carrier phase measurement sets. For example, the network node may include components (e.g., processor 12, memory 14, radio interface 16) for sending reports indicating at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

[0241] Although the present disclosure has been described above with reference to examples in the accompanying drawings, it will be apparent that the disclosure is not limited thereto, but can be modified in various ways within the scope of the appended claims. Therefore, all words and expressions should be interpreted broadly, and are intended to illustrate rather than limit the embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the inventive concept can be implemented in various ways as technology advances. Furthermore, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the described embodiments can, but need not, be combined with other embodiments in various ways.

Claims

1. A device for communication, comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the device to at least: Receive a first message, the first message indicating one or more parameters for frequency hopping associated with uplink reference signal transmission; A second message is received, the second message indicating a request to perform uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping using at least two frequency hopping resource sets, wherein the first message includes information indicating a standard set for the uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping, and wherein the standard set includes at least one threshold of the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two frequency hopping resource sets; as well as In response to the second message, the at least two frequency hopping resource sets are used to perform the uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one threshold comprises: Upper and lower threshold values ​​for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two frequency hopping resource sets.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the standard set further comprises at least one of the following: a time window for the time difference between time instances of the at least two frequency hopping resource sets, or the number of frequency hopping resources for each frequency hopping resource set in the at least two frequency hopping resource sets.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the difference corresponds to the difference between a first center frequency and a second center frequency, the first center frequency being associated with a first frequency hopping resource set in the at least two frequency hopping resource sets, and the second center frequency being associated with a second frequency hopping resource set in the at least two frequency hopping resource sets.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the time difference corresponds to the difference between a first time instance and a second time instance, the first time instance being associated with the first frequency hopping resource set and the second time instance being associated with the second frequency hopping resource set.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a low-power wide-area (LPWA) capable device.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus includes a network node, and wherein the second message instructs the network node to perform at least two carrier phase measurement sets using one or more portions of an uplink reference signal bandwidth, the one or more portions of the uplink reference signal bandwidth being equal to one or more combined bandwidths of one or more other frequency hopping resource sets associated with a device including low-power wide-area LPWA capabilities.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the network node includes a positioning reference unit configured to support a wider bandwidth than the apparatus.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping is associated with the positioning detection reference signal transmission.

10. A device for communication, comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the device to at least: Receive a first message, the first message including information indicating one or more parameters associated with the configuration of the uplink reference signal; Send a second message indicating a request to a network entity to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets, at least in part based on the uplink reference signal, wherein the second message includes information indicating a standard set for the at least two carrier phase measurement sets, and wherein the standard set includes at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets; Sending a third message indicating a request to the device to perform uplink reference signal transmission frequency hopping using at least two frequency hopping resource sets, wherein the third message includes information indicating the standard sets; and Receive a report indicating the at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one threshold comprises: Upper and lower threshold values ​​for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the standard set comprises at least one of the following: a time window for the time difference between time instances of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets, or the number of frequency hopping resources for each carrier phase measurement set in the at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

13. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the apparatus includes a location management function (LMF).

14. A communication apparatus, comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the device to at least: Send a first message, the first message including information indicating one or more parameters associated with the configuration of the uplink reference signal; A second message is received, the second message indicating a request for the device to perform and report at least two carrier phase measurement sets at least in part based on the uplink reference signal, wherein the second message includes information indicating a standard set for the configuration of the uplink reference signal, and wherein the standard set includes at least one threshold for the difference between the center frequencies of the at least two carrier phase measurement sets; In response to the second message, the at least two carrier phase measurement sets are executed, and Send a report indicating the at least two carrier phase measurement sets.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the apparatus comprises a radio access network (RAN).

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