Methods for integrating electroluminescent devices on rigid substrates, light-emitting devices, and vehicles.

Abstract

This invention discloses a method, a light-emitting device, and a vehicle for integrating an electroluminescent device on a rigid substrate. The electroluminescent device includes a bottom electrode layer, a dielectric layer, a light-emitting layer, and a top electrode layer stacked sequentially. The method includes: forming the bottom electrode layer on the rigid substrate using a wet roll coating process; and sequentially forming the dielectric layer, the light-emitting layer, and the top electrode layer on the bottom electrode layer using at least one of a blade coating process, a spray coating process, or a screen printing process. The dielectric layer is doped with high-dielectric small molecules, with a doping ratio of 20wt% to 40wt% and a dielectric constant of 30 to 150. The transmittance of the dielectric layer in the visible light band is greater than 85%. This invention solves the problem of directly integrating semi-transparent / transparent or double-sided light-emitting electroluminescent devices on a rigid substrate, achieving good conductivity, high transparency, and high dielectric properties.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electroluminescent device technology, and more specifically to a method for integrating electroluminescent devices on a rigid substrate, a light-emitting device, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Alternating Current Electroluminescent (ACEL) devices are light-emitting devices that convert electrical energy into light energy. They have advantages such as simple structure, flexible fabrication process, and long service life, and have broad application prospects in display, lighting, and decoration fields. In particular, semi-transparent or fully transparent ACEL devices, due to their unique visual effects and decorative properties, show great application potential in fields such as smart windows, automotive displays, and architectural decoration.

[0003] Traditional electroluminescent devices typically consist of a bottom electrode layer, a dielectric layer, a light-emitting layer, and a top electrode layer stacked sequentially. The electrode layer provides the electric field, the dielectric layer enhances the local electric field strength, and the light-emitting layer emits light under the influence of an alternating electric field. In transparent electroluminescent devices, both the bottom and top electrodes must have good light transmittance to ensure the device's transparency.

[0004] In the prior art, transparent electroluminescent devices have the following problems: First, traditional transparent electrode materials, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), need to be prepared by vacuum processes such as magnetron sputtering, which are complex, energy-intensive, and expensive. Secondly, there is a lack of technical solutions for fabricating transparent electroluminescent devices using a fully wet coating process on transparent rigid substrates (such as glass); Third, the inorganic fillers used in the dielectric layer of traditional electroluminescent devices have poor compatibility with the polymer matrix, which can easily lead to scattering loss and affect the transparency of the device. Fourth, high volume fraction of solid fillers can easily damage the homogeneity and rheological properties of ink, reducing printing quality; moreover, traditional electroluminescent devices are noticeable in non-luminescent states, making it difficult to achieve visual "invisibility" and lacking aesthetic integration with glass decorative surfaces. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method, a light-emitting device, and a vehicle for integrating electroluminescent devices on a rigid substrate. This invention solves the problem of combining electroluminescent devices with rigid substrates in applications such as automotive glass. The invention achieves good conductivity, high transparency, and high dielectric properties.

[0006] The above-mentioned objectives of this invention are mainly achieved by the following technical solutions: This invention provides a method for integrating an electroluminescent device on a rigid substrate, the electroluminescent device comprising a bottom electrode layer, a dielectric layer, a light-emitting layer, and a top electrode layer sequentially stacked, the method comprising: The bottom electrode layer is formed on a rigid substrate using a fully wet roll coating process; The dielectric layer, the light-emitting layer, and the top electrode layer are sequentially formed on the bottom electrode layer by at least one of a scraping process, a spraying process, or a screen printing process. The dielectric layer is doped with high-dielectric small molecules, the doping ratio of which is 20wt% to 40wt%, the dielectric constant of which is 30 to 150, and the transmittance of the dielectric layer in the visible light band is greater than 85%.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the all-wet roller coating process includes: A bottom electrode wet film layer is applied to the rigid substrate at a certain speed using metering roll coating and / or reverse roll coating. The bottom electrode wet film layer is dried and cured to form the bottom electrode layer.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the metering roller coating method includes: Provides feed rollers and coating rollers that work together; Adjust the gap between the feed roller and the coating roller to control the amount of material fed onto the rigid substrate.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the reverse roll coating method includes: The coating roller applies a coating onto the hard substrate along a first direction; The rigid substrate is stationary, or the direction of motion of the rigid substrate is opposite to the first direction; The bottom electrode wet film layer is coated onto the rigid substrate by the shear force generated between the coating roller and the rigid substrate.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the speed of the coating roller is 5 m / min to 20 m / min, the gap between the coating roller and the rigid substrate is 10 μm to 50 μm, and the coating pressure of the coating roller is 0.1 MPa to 0.5 MPa.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the drying and curing process includes hot air drying or infrared drying at a temperature of 80°C to 120°C.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the dielectric layer is formed by doping the high-dielectric small molecule in a polymer matrix, wherein the doping ratio of the high-dielectric small molecule is 15wt% to 35wt%, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer is greater than 25, and its transmittance in the visible light band is greater than 90%.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the high dielectric small molecule is propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, or a mixture thereof, and the polymer matrix is ​​polyurethane acrylate.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the material of the light-emitting layer is an inorganic light-emitting material, and / or the material of the top electrode layer is a metal mesh, graphene, carbon nanotubes, or a conductive polymer.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the surface of the top electrode layer is coated with a semi-transparent ink layer, or the surface of the top electrode layer is laminated with a transparent hard layer, and the transparent hard layer is coated with a semi-transparent ink layer.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, an electrochromic material or a photochromic material is added to the semi-transparent ink layer, wherein the amount of the photochromic material added is 0.1wt% to 5wt%, and the amount of the electrochromic material added is 1wt% to 10wt%.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the bottom electrode layer and the top electrode layer are made of silver nanowires, or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate.

[0018] The present invention also provides a light-emitting device, the light-emitting device comprising a rigid substrate layer and an electroluminescent device layer stacked thereon, the electroluminescent device layer being formed on the rigid substrate by the method described above for integrating an electroluminescent device on the rigid substrate.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a semi-transparent ink layer and / or a transparent rigid layer are sequentially stacked on the electroluminescent device; or, a transparent rigid layer and a semi-transparent ink layer are sequentially stacked on the electroluminescent device.

[0020] The present invention also provides a vehicle that includes the light-emitting device described above.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Compared with the prior art, the present invention uses silver nanowires instead of ITO as transparent electrodes and is prepared by a full wet roll coating process, which avoids expensive vacuum processes such as magnetron sputtering, significantly reducing manufacturing costs and energy consumption, while achieving excellent performance of sheet resistivity of less than 50Ω / sq and transparency of more than 70%. 2. The dielectric layer of the present invention adopts a homogeneous system of polymer matrix and high dielectric small molecules, which effectively avoids the scattering loss caused by traditional inorganic fillers. While maintaining a dielectric constant greater than 20, it achieves a visible light transmittance of not less than 85%, thus solving the technical problem of balancing high dielectric performance and high transparency. 3. By optimizing the doping ratio of high-dielectric small molecules (15wt%~35wt%), the best balance between dielectric properties, optical transparency and mechanical flexibility was achieved. When the doping ratio is controlled within the optimal range, the transmittance of the dielectric layer can reach more than 90% and the dielectric constant is greater than 25. 4. By setting a semi-transparent ink layer, the device can be integrated with the glass substrate in a non-light-emitting state, achieving a "light-emitting but passive" visual hiding effect, which meets the aesthetic integration requirements of application scenarios such as automotive glass. 5. The overall device structure of the present invention realizes semi-transparent / transparent / double-sided light emission function, providing technical support for applications such as automotive glass ambient lighting and transparent displays. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for integrating electroluminescent devices on a rigid substrate according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the light-emitting device of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bottom electrode layer roll-coated on a rigid substrate according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the light-emitting device of the present invention with a semi-transparent ink layer coated on it.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the light-emitting device of the present invention with a semi-transparent ink layer coated on it.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the light-emitting device of the present invention with a semi-transparent ink layer coated on it.

[0028] Explanation of icon numbers: 1. Electroluminescent device; 11. Bottom electrode layer; 12. Dielectric layer; 13. Light-emitting layer; 14. Top electrode layer; 2. Rigid substrate; 2'. Transparent rigid substrate; 3. Feed roller; 4. Coating roller; 5. Semi-transparent ink layer; F1, first direction; F2, direction of movement; H, gap; h, gap. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this invention, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0030] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.

[0031] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the specification of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0032] Implementation Method 1

[0033] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this invention provides a method for integrating an electroluminescent device on a rigid substrate. The electroluminescent device 1 includes a bottom electrode layer 11, a dielectric layer 12, a light-emitting layer 13, and a top electrode layer 14, which are sequentially stacked. The method specifically includes the following steps: Step S1: The bottom electrode layer 11 is formed on the rigid substrate 2 by a fully wet roll coating process; Step S2: The dielectric layer 12, the light-emitting layer 13, and the top electrode layer 14 are sequentially formed on the bottom electrode layer 11 by at least one of the following processes: scraping, spraying, or screen printing. The dielectric layer 12 is doped with high-dielectric small molecules, the doping ratio of which is 20wt% to 40wt%, the dielectric constant of which is 30 to 150, and the transmittance of the dielectric layer in the visible light band is greater than 85%.

[0034] This invention discloses a method for integrating electroluminescent devices on a rigid substrate. The bottom electrode layer 11 of the electroluminescent device 1 is fabricated on a rigid substrate 2 using a fully wet roll coating process. This avoids the use of expensive vacuum processes such as magnetron sputtering to form the bottom electrode layer, significantly reducing manufacturing costs and energy consumption. Simultaneously, the closed-loop feeding system of the roll coating process effectively reduces defects such as bubbles and particles, improving the uniformity of large-area formation (film thickness deviation <5%). Furthermore, the dielectric layer 12 of this invention employs a high-dielectric-content small-molecule doping system, effectively avoiding scattering losses caused by traditional inorganic fillers. This results in a dielectric constant greater than 20 while achieving a transmittance of at least 85% in the visible light band, solving the technical challenge of simultaneously achieving high dielectric performance and high transparency.

[0035] Specifically, in step S1, the rigid substrate 2 can be a transparent rigid substrate, such as glass. In this embodiment, before the bottom electrode layer 11 is rolled onto the glass, an adhesive layer (such as a polyester material like polyurethane) can be wet-coated onto the glass surface, and then the bottom electrode layer 11 is formed by rolling onto the adhesive layer, which can improve the bonding strength between the bottom electrode layer 11 and the glass.

[0036] In this embodiment, as Figure 3 As shown, the all-wet roller coating process specifically includes: Step S11: Apply the bottom electrode wet film layer 111 on the rigid substrate 2 at a certain speed using metering roll coating and / or reverse roll coating. Step S12: Dry and cure the bottom electrode wet film layer 111 to form the bottom electrode layer 11.

[0037] In this embodiment, in step S11, in one feasible embodiment, when a metering roller coating method is used, a feed roller 3 and a coating roller 4 are provided to cooperate with each other. By precisely adjusting the gap H between the feed roller 3 and the coating roller 4, the amount of material fed onto the rigid substrate 2 is precisely controlled. At the same time, the coating roller 4 performs roller coating on the rigid substrate 2 along the first direction F1.

[0038] In another feasible embodiment, when using reverse roll coating, for example, the coating to be applied can be placed at the beginning of the rigid substrate 2, and then the coating roller 4 can be used to roll coat the rigid substrate 2 along the first direction F1.

[0039] In this embodiment, the rigid substrate 2 can remain stationary; or, the rigid substrate 2 can remain in a moving state, with its moving direction F2 opposite to the first direction F1, to improve the roll coating efficiency. When the coating roller 4 and the rigid substrate 2 pass through the reverse roll coating, a shear force is generated between them. This shear force can be used to achieve high-precision control of the thickness of the bottom electrode wet film layer 111. This reverse roll coating method is particularly suitable for forming the bottom electrode wet film layer 111 on a large area of ​​rigid substrate 2.

[0040] Of course, in another feasible embodiment, the bottom electrode wet film layer 111 can be formed simultaneously by metering roll coating and reverse roll coating, that is, by providing a feeding roller 3 and a coating roller 4 that cooperate with each other, and by using the coating roller 4 to perform shear roll coating on the hard substrate 2 along the first direction F1. This embodiment can further precisely control the formation thickness of the bottom electrode wet film layer 111 while ensuring precise control of the material supply, thereby ultimately achieving the purpose of forming a high-precision bottom electrode layer 11 on the hard substrate 2.

[0041] In actual operation, the speed of the coating roller 4 can be 5 m / min to 20 m / min, and the conveying speed of the rigid substrate 2 is matched with the speed of the coating roller 4 to ensure coating uniformity. The gap h between the coating roller 4 and the rigid substrate 2 can be 10 μm to 50 μm, and the coating pressure of the coating roller 4 can be 0.1 MPa to 0.5 MPa. By precisely controlling the gap h and the coating pressure, the thickness of the wet film layer 111 of the bottom electrode can be precisely controlled.

[0042] In step S12, the drying and curing process includes: hot air drying or infrared drying at a temperature of 80°C to 120°C to remove solvent, thereby densifying the mesh of the bottom electrode wet film layer 111 and curing it to form the bottom electrode layer 11.

[0043] Of course, in other embodiments, to adapt to different production scenarios, the present invention can also use a slot coating method instead. For example, slot coating can be used to pour the coating into a slot between two molds arranged opposite each other (the distance between the two molds is 10um-100um) and then pour it onto the hard substrate 2 through the slot. This coating method is suitable for large-area, high-precision and continuous production, with excellent overall film thickness uniformity (film thickness deviation <3%), high material utilization (>95%), and is suitable for mass production.

[0044] Next, in step S2, a dielectric layer 12, a light-emitting layer 13, and a top electrode layer 14 are sequentially formed on the bottom electrode layer 11 by at least one of a scraping process, a spraying process, or a screen printing process.

[0045] Specifically, the functional layers, such as dielectric layer 12, light-emitting layer 13, and top electrode layer 14, are prepared layer by layer by scraping, spraying, or screen printing. Each layer is thermosetting or UV curing after coating to ensure that the interlayer interface is flat and firmly adhered.

[0046] When using the scraping process, the slurry medium is spread onto the corresponding layer using a scraper. It is suitable for coating large, flat surfaces and can quickly form a uniform coating. When using the spraying process, the spray gun is mainly used, with the nozzle of the spray gun facing the corresponding layer for spraying. It is suitable for preparing small areas with precise control of coating thickness. The screen printing process is suitable for achieving precise preparation of patterned coatings.

[0047] In this invention, the dielectric layer 12 is doped with high dielectric small molecules, the doping ratio of which is 20wt% to 40wt%, and the dielectric constant of which is 30 to 150, thereby making the dielectric constant of the formed dielectric layer 12 greater than 20 and the transmittance of the dielectric layer in the visible light band greater than 85%.

[0048] Specifically, dielectric layer 12 is an organic dielectric material, formed by doping a polymer matrix with high-dielectric small molecules. The high-dielectric small molecules are selected from propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, or mixtures thereof, and the polymer matrix is ​​selected from polyurethane acrylate, forming a homogeneous and transparent dielectric layer 12, achieving a synergistic balance between high dielectric constant and high transparency. This formulation gives dielectric layer 12 a high dielectric constant and good optical transparency, which is beneficial for improving the luminous efficiency of electroluminescent device 1.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, the doping ratio of the high-dielectric small molecule is 25 wt% to 35 wt%, preferably 30 wt%. Within this range, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 12 can be greater than 25, and its transmittance in the visible light band is greater than 90%. While maintaining good flexibility and process adaptability, the dielectric properties of the dielectric layer 12 are better. This design effectively avoids light transmission loss caused by filler scattering and maintains the high transparency of the dielectric layer 12.

[0050] In this embodiment, the dielectric layer 12 is prepared as follows: First, the photoinitiator 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone is dissolved in a mixed solvent of ACMO and PC. Then, PUA resin is added and stirred until homogeneous. Finally, vacuum degassing is performed (wherein the ratio of photoinitiator, ACMO, PC mixed solvent, and PUA resin is 1:20:30:50). The resulting material is used for subsequent coating and UV curing to form an insulating, transparent, and flexible dielectric layer 12.

[0051] Experiments show that when the doping ratio of high-dielectric small molecules in dielectric layer 12 is below 20 wt%, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer is not sufficiently improved (less than 15), and the driving voltage is too high. When the doping ratio of high-dielectric small molecules in dielectric layer 12 is above 40 wt%, the dielectric loss of the dielectric layer increases significantly (tanδ>0.15), and the haze increases (greater than 8%), while the transparency decreases, affecting the overall visual effect of the device. This invention achieves the best balance between dielectric properties, optical transparency, and mechanical flexibility by controlling the doping ratio of high-dielectric small molecules in dielectric layer 12 within the optimal range (i.e., 20 wt%~40 wt%).

[0052] In this invention, the material of the light-emitting layer 13 can be an inorganic light-emitting material, and / or the material of the top electrode layer 14 can be a metal mesh, graphene, carbon nanotubes, or a conductive polymer.

[0053] Specifically, the light-emitting layer 13 is the core functional layer for realizing electroluminescence, which can convert electrical energy into light energy. When an external voltage is applied, electrons and holes recombine in the light-emitting layer, exciting the light-emitting material to generate photons, thereby realizing light emission. In this embodiment, the inorganic light-emitting material selected for the light-emitting layer 13 can be zinc sulfide (ZnS) and its doped system. Different metal ions can be doped to achieve different colors of light emission (e.g., ZnS:Cu emits green light, ZnS:Mn emits orange light).

[0054] According to one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 4 As shown, in an extended example of a light-emitting device, the surface of the top electrode layer 14 is coated with a semi-transparent ink layer 5. This semi-transparent ink layer 5 and the light-emitting device together form an integrated encapsulation structure, which further simplifies the overall process while maintaining the decorative effect. In this embodiment, the light-emitting device can be "hidden" within the decorative pattern when not powered on, achieving integrated fusion between the device and the glass appearance and enhancing the overall aesthetic effect.

[0055] In another extended example of a light-emitting device, such as Figure 5 As shown, a transparent hard layer 2' is stacked on the surface of the top electrode layer 14, and a semi-transparent ink layer 5 is coated on the transparent hard layer 2'. Using semi-transparent ink as the outer decorative layer of the device can effectively hide the device.

[0056] Specifically, the semi-transparent ink layer 5 can be a low-melting-point glass powder ink or a resin-based ink with a transparency greater than 70%.

[0057] According to one embodiment of the present invention, an electrochromic material or a photochromic material is added to the semi-transparent ink layer 5, wherein the amount of photochromic material added is 0.1wt% to 5wt%, and the amount of electrochromic material added is 1wt% to 10wt%. This design enables the light-emitting device to have a color-changing function, increasing the functionality and aesthetics of the product.

[0058] Specifically, photochromic materials (such as spiropyran, spiroxazine, and diarylethylene compounds, with an addition amount of 0.1wt%~5wt%) or electrochromic materials (such as tungsten trioxide, polyaniline, and viologen compounds, with an addition amount of 1wt%~10wt%) are added to the ink formulation. After the pigments are ground, uniformly stirred and dispersed, and filtered, the semi-transparent ink layer 5 is formed by spraying or screen printing.

[0059] When using a photochromic scheme, the semi-transparent ink layer 5 displays a preset decorative color under ultraviolet light irradiation and returns to a high-transmittance state after the light source is removed. When using an electrochromic scheme, the semi-transparent ink layer 5 shares a driving electrode with the electroluminescent device, and the transmittance or color is dynamically adjusted by applying an independently controlled voltage (e.g., 0-5 V). This design allows the device to blend seamlessly with the glass background when not powered, and to display interactive color changes synchronously with the emission of the electroluminescent device when powered, enhancing the user experience.

[0060] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the bottom electrode layer 11 and the top electrode layer 14 may be made of silver nanowires or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate. These materials have good electrical conductivity and optical transparency, making them suitable for use as transparent electrode materials.

[0061] Specifically, the bottom electrode layer 11 uses silver nanowires. Silver nanowires possess a high aspect ratio (>500) and a one-dimensional nanostructure, which are the intrinsic material basis for achieving high conductivity and high transparency. Furthermore, by controlling the roll coating process, the overall performance of the bottom electrode layer can be further improved.

[0062] The shear force during the roll coating process allows the silver nanowires to preferentially align along the coating direction, reducing contact resistance. The sheet resistance can be reduced to less than 50 Ω / sq, which is superior to random coating methods. At the same time, by controlling the number of coatings (e.g., 1-3 times) or the concentration of the silver nanowire ink, the density of the conductive network can be precisely controlled, maximizing light transmittance while ensuring conductivity (e.g., visible light transmittance greater than 70%, and measured up to 85%).

[0063] Furthermore, by employing the aforementioned materials for the bottom electrode layer 11 and top electrode layer 14, and in conjunction with a dielectric layer 12 made of filler-free homogeneous high-dielectric material, the traditional opaque metal electrodes and ceramic filler dielectric layers are replaced, thereby achieving overall high transparency of the device while maintaining excellent electrical performance. This invention can construct a device architecture with a "fully transparent functional layer," allowing the electroluminescent device 1 to integrate seamlessly with the glass substrate in a non-emitting state, achieving a "light-emitting but passive" visual hiding effect, providing fundamental technical support for scenarios such as automotive ambient lighting and transparent displays.

[0064] The electroluminescent device 1 prepared by the above method has advantages such as simple structure, simple fabrication process, and low cost. Due to the use of a fully wet process, complex processes such as vacuum deposition are avoided, making it suitable for large-area, continuous production. The design of doping high-dielectric small molecules in the dielectric layer 12 effectively improves the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 12 while maintaining good optical transparency, thereby improving the luminous efficiency and brightness of the electroluminescent device 1. Furthermore, by adding a semi-transparent ink layer 5 with color-changing function to the surface of the top electrode layer 14, the electroluminescent device 1 can also be endowed with color-changing functionality, expanding the application range of the product.

[0065] Implementation Method 2

[0066] This embodiment provides a light-emitting device. The light-emitting device includes a rigid substrate 2 and an electroluminescent device 1 stacked together. The electroluminescent device 1 is formed on the rigid substrate 2 using the method for integrating an electroluminescent device on a rigid substrate as described in Embodiment 1. The steps and beneficial effects of the method for integrating an electroluminescent device on a rigid substrate have been described in detail in Embodiment 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0067] The electroluminescent device 1 includes a bottom electrode layer 11, a dielectric layer 12, a light-emitting layer 13, and a top electrode layer 14 stacked sequentially. The bottom electrode layer 11 is formed on a rigid substrate 2 by a wet roll coating process, while the dielectric layer 12, the light-emitting layer 13, and the top electrode layer 14 are formed on the bottom electrode layer 11 by a blade coating process, a spray coating process, or a screen printing process.

[0068] In this embodiment, the electroluminescent device 1 is provided with a semi-transparent ink layer 5 and / or a transparent hard layer 2'. In a feasible embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the semi-transparent ink layer 5 can be directly coated onto the surface of the top electrode layer 14 to form a complete protective structure. This structural design ensures both the transparency of the light-emitting device and provides necessary mechanical protection. Furthermore, in this embodiment, a transparent hard layer 2' can be further laminated on the semi-transparent ink layer 5. This transparent hard layer 2' can be glass, such as… Figure 5 As shown.

[0069] In another feasible embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, a transparent rigid layer 2' and a semi-transparent ink layer 5 are sequentially stacked on the electroluminescent device 1. The transparent rigid layer 2' can be made of glass. The transparent rigid layer 2' directly covers the top electrode layer 14, while the semi-transparent ink layer 5 is coated on the outer surface of the transparent rigid layer 2'. This structural arrangement can better protect the electroluminescent device 1, while achieving special visual effects through the semi-transparent ink layer 5.

[0070] In this embodiment, an electrochromic or photochromic material is added to the semi-transparent ink layer 5, enabling the light-emitting device to have a color-changing function. When external conditions such as light intensity or electric field change, the color of the semi-transparent ink layer 5 will change accordingly, thereby achieving a dynamic visual effect and enhancing the interactivity and aesthetics of the product.

[0071] Since the bottom electrode layer 11 and top electrode layer 14 in the electroluminescent device 1 are both made of transparent conductive materials, and the dielectric layer 12 has high light transmittance, the entire light-emitting device has good transparency. When the light-emitting device is powered on, the light generated by the light-emitting layer 13 can be transmitted to both sides, forming a double-sided light-emitting effect, which is suitable for various application scenarios that require transparent displays, such as smart windows and transparent displays.

[0072] This light-emitting device features a simple structure, easy manufacturing process, and low cost. It also boasts excellent transparency and bi-sided light emission, making it widely applicable in architectural decoration, automotive glass, and smart home industries. This layered structure achieves electroluminescence while maintaining high transparency in non-operating states through the inherent transparency of the materials and structural design. Furthermore, it enables bi-sided light emission, meeting the requirements of automotive glass for invisible, uniform, and soft light emission effects.

[0073] Implementation Method 3

[0074] This embodiment provides a vehicle that includes the light-emitting device described in Embodiment 2. The specific structure of the light-emitting device and its beneficial effects have been described in detail in Embodiment 2, and will not be repeated here.

[0075] This type of vehicle integrates a double-sided light-emitting device, which can be installed in various locations such as windows, sunroofs, windshields, or interior partitions. When installed in a window, the device maintains the window's transparency while adding a display function, allowing it to convey information to passengers inside the vehicle or pedestrians outside while the vehicle is in motion.

[0076] When the vehicle is in motion, the light-emitting device can display vehicle status information, navigation information, or entertainment content. For example, when installed on a side window, it can indicate the vehicle's turning intention or special warnings to pedestrians outside the vehicle; when installed on a rear window, it can transmit deceleration or stopping signals to vehicles behind.

[0077] When the vehicle is parked, the light-emitting device can switch to energy-saving mode and activate the display function only when necessary, such as displaying vehicle status or safety information in response to remote control commands from the owner.

[0078] The light-emitting device in this vehicle can be integrated with the vehicle's electronic system, and its display content and brightness can be controlled by the vehicle's computer. According to the structure in Embodiment 2, a semi-transparent ink layer 5 and / or a transparent hard layer 2' can be sequentially stacked on the electroluminescent device layer of the light-emitting device, or a transparent hard layer 2' and a semi-transparent ink layer 5 can be sequentially stacked.

[0079] In vehicle applications, the electrochromic or photochromic materials in the semi-transparent ink layer 5 can be linked with the vehicle's environmental sensing system to automatically adjust transparency according to the intensity of external light, thereby improving driving safety and passenger comfort. For example, under strong sunlight, the semi-transparent ink layer 5 can darken to reduce glare; at night or on cloudy days, it maintains high transparency to ensure good visibility.

[0080] Integrating this light-emitting device into a vehicle not only enhances the vehicle's intelligence and human-machine interaction capabilities, but also provides new aesthetic and functional possibilities for vehicle design, enabling the vehicle to possess more innovative features while maintaining traditional functions.

[0081] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for integrating an electroluminescent device on a rigid substrate, the electroluminescent device comprising a bottom electrode layer, a dielectric layer, a light-emitting layer, and a top electrode layer sequentially stacked, characterized in that, The method includes: The bottom electrode layer is formed on a rigid substrate using a fully wet roll coating process; The dielectric layer, the light-emitting layer, and the top electrode layer are sequentially formed on the bottom electrode layer by at least one of a scraping process, a spraying process, or a screen printing process. The dielectric layer is doped with high-dielectric small molecules, the doping ratio of which is 20wt% to 40wt%, the dielectric constant of which is 30 to 150, and the transmittance of the dielectric layer in the visible light band is greater than 85%.

2. The method for integrating an electroluminescent device on a rigid substrate as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The all-wet roller coating process includes: A bottom electrode wet film layer is applied to the rigid substrate at a certain speed using metering roll coating and / or reverse roll coating. The bottom electrode wet film layer is dried and cured to form the bottom electrode layer.

3. The method for integrating an electroluminescent device on a rigid substrate as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The metering roller coating method includes: Provides feed rollers and coating rollers that work together; Adjust the gap between the feed roller and the coating roller to control the amount of material fed onto the rigid substrate.

4. The method for integrating an electroluminescent device on a rigid substrate as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The reverse roll coating method includes: The coating roller applies a coating onto the hard substrate along a first direction; The rigid substrate is stationary, or the direction of motion of the rigid substrate is opposite to the first direction; The bottom electrode wet film layer is coated onto the rigid substrate by the shear force generated between the coating roller and the rigid substrate.

5. The method for integrating an electroluminescent device on a rigid substrate as described in claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The speed of the coating roller is 5 m / min to 20 m / min, the gap between the coating roller and the rigid substrate is 10 μm to 50 μm, and the coating pressure of the coating roller is 0.1 MPa to 0.5 MPa.

6. The method for integrating an electroluminescent device on a rigid substrate as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The drying and curing process includes hot air drying or infrared drying at a temperature of 80℃~120℃.

7. The method for integrating an electroluminescent device on a rigid substrate as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dielectric layer is formed by doping the high-dielectric small molecules into a polymer matrix, wherein the doping ratio of the high-dielectric small molecules is 15wt%~35wt%, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer is greater than 25, and its transmittance in the visible light band is greater than 90%.

8. The method for integrating an electroluminescent device on a rigid substrate as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The high dielectric small molecule is propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, or a mixture thereof, and the polymer matrix is ​​polyurethane acrylate.

9. The method for integrating an electroluminescent device on a rigid substrate as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the light-emitting layer is an inorganic light-emitting material, and / or the material of the top electrode layer is a metal mesh, graphene, carbon nanotubes, or a conductive polymer.

10. The method for integrating an electroluminescent device on a rigid substrate as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the top electrode layer is coated with a semi-transparent ink layer, or the surface of the top electrode layer is laminated with a transparent hard layer, and the transparent hard layer is coated with a semi-transparent ink layer.

11. The method for integrating an electroluminescent device on a rigid substrate as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The semi-transparent ink layer contains an electrochromic material or a photochromic material, wherein the amount of the photochromic material added is 0.1wt% to 5wt%, and the amount of the electrochromic material added is 1wt% to 10wt%.

12. The method for integrating an electroluminescent device on a rigid substrate as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom electrode layer and the top electrode layer are made of silver nanowires, or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate.

13. A light-emitting device, characterized in that, The light-emitting device includes a rigid substrate layer and an electroluminescent device layer stacked together, wherein the electroluminescent device layer is formed on the rigid substrate by the method of integrating an electroluminescent device on the rigid substrate as described in any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. The light-emitting device as described in claim 13, characterized in that, The electroluminescent device is provided with a semi-transparent ink layer and / or a transparent hard layer stacked sequentially; or, the electroluminescent device is provided with a transparent hard layer and a semi-transparent ink layer stacked sequentially.

15. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes a light-emitting device as described in claim 13 or 14.

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