Perovskite battery component and preparation method thereof, photovoltaic component, and electric device

Abstract

This application discloses a perovskite solar cell module and its fabrication method, a photovoltaic module, and an electrical device, relating to the field of battery technology. The perovskite solar cell module includes a first substrate and a perovskite solar cell functional layer. The perovskite solar cell functional layer includes a first electrode layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and a second electrode layer. The first electrode layer includes a first scribe line, the perovskite light-absorbing layer includes a group of second scribe lines corresponding to the first scribe line, the second scribe line group includes multiple second scribe lines, and a third scribe line of the perovskite light-absorbing layer and the second electrode layer. Because the second scribe line group includes multiple second scribe lines, the second electrode layer can be connected to the first electrode layer through multiple second scribe lines. Furthermore, by designing the first and second portions of the third scribe line, the dead region area of ​​the perovskite solar cell functional layer can be reduced, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a perovskite battery module and its preparation method, a photovoltaic module, and an electrical device. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of modern industry, solar cells have received increasing attention as an ideal renewable energy source.

[0003] Among related technologies, perovskite solar cells possess advantages such as high photoelectric conversion efficiency, low cost, and environmentally friendly materials, and are gradually becoming a popular type of solar cell, representing a key development direction for the photovoltaic cell industry. A perovskite solar cell module comprises a first substrate, a perovskite cell functional layer, and a second substrate stacked sequentially. A perovskite solar cell module can be divided into multiple series-connected cell units.

[0004] However, perovskite solar cell modules have a small effective area and low photoelectric conversion efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a perovskite solar cell module and its preparation method, a photovoltaic module, and an electrical device, which can solve the problem of low photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cell modules. The technical solution is as follows:

[0006] On one hand, a perovskite solar cell module is provided, the perovskite solar cell module comprising:

[0007] First substrate;

[0008] A perovskite solar cell functional layer includes a first electrode layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and a second electrode layer. The first electrode layer includes multiple first scribe lines arranged along a first direction and extending along a second direction. The perovskite light-absorbing layer includes multiple groups of second scribe lines corresponding to the multiple first scribe lines and arranged along the first direction. Each group of second scribe lines includes multiple second scribe lines arranged along the second direction. The orthographic projections of the second scribe lines on the first substrate and the orthographic projections of the first scribe lines on the first substrate do not overlap. The second electrode layer is connected to the first electrode layer through the second scribe lines. The second electrode layer and the perovskite light-absorbing layer include multiple third scribe lines. Each third scribe line includes a first portion and a second portion. The orthographic projections of the first portion on the first substrate and the orthographic projections of the first scribe lines on the first substrate do not overlap. The orthographic projections of the second portion on the first substrate and the orthographic projections of the first scribe lines on the first substrate overlap.

[0009] Optionally, the second scribing line is a block pattern extending along the second direction, and each group of the second scribing lines includes a plurality of second scribing lines that constitute a plurality of discontinuous block patterns extending along the second direction.

[0010] Optionally, the orthographic projection of the first portion on the first substrate is located on the side where the orthographic projection of the first scribe line on the first substrate is away from the orthographic projection of the second scribe line on the first substrate.

[0011] Optionally, both the first portion and the second portion extend along the second direction; the third line further includes a third portion that extends along the first direction, with one end of the third portion connected to the first portion and the other end connected to the second portion.

[0012] Optionally, the width of the second part is greater than or equal to the width of the first line.

[0013] Optionally, the width of the second line is greater than the width of the second portion.

[0014] Optionally, the width of the first doodle ranges from 20 micrometers to 30 micrometers, the width of the second doodle ranges from 50 micrometers to 100 micrometers, and the width of the third doodle ranges from 30 micrometers to 45 micrometers;

[0015] The distance between the first doodle and the second doodle ranges from 5 micrometers to 40 micrometers, and the distance between the second doodle and the first portion of the third doodle ranges from 5 micrometers to 40 micrometers.

[0016] Optionally, the length of the second scribe line along the second direction ranges from 2 mm to 10 mm;

[0017] The sum of the distance between any two second lines arranged along the second direction and the length of the second line along the second direction ranges from 10 mm to 50 mm.

[0018] Optionally, the perovskite solar cell functional layer further includes: a hole transport layer, a hole passivation layer, a perovskite passivation layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron modification layer.

[0019] The hole transport layer and the hole passivation layer are located between the first electrode layer and the perovskite light-absorbing layer, and are stacked in a direction away from the first electrode layer;

[0020] The perovskite passivation layer, the electron transport layer, and the electron modification layer are located between the perovskite light-absorbing layer and the second electrode layer, and are stacked in a direction away from the first electrode layer.

[0021] Optionally, the second scribe line is also located in the hole transport layer, hole passivation layer, perovskite passivation layer, electron transport layer, and electron modification layer; the second scribe line exposes a portion of the first electrode layer, and the second electrode layer is electrically connected to the first electrode layer through the second scribe line.

[0022] Optionally, the perovskite solar cell assembly further includes: a second substrate, an encapsulant film, a wire, and an encapsulation layer;

[0023] Wherein, the second substrate is located on the side of the perovskite solar cell functional layer away from the first substrate, the encapsulant film is located between the perovskite solar cell functional layer and the second substrate, the conductive wire is located on the side of the perovskite solar cell functional layer, and the orthographic projection of the conductive wire on the first substrate and the orthographic projection of the perovskite solar cell functional layer on the first substrate are spaced apart, the encapsulation layer is located between the first substrate and the second substrate, and surrounds the perovskite solar cell functional layer, the encapsulant film and the conductive wire.

[0024] On the other hand, a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell module is provided, the method comprising:

[0025] A first electrode thin film is formed on a first substrate, and the first electrode thin film is scribed to obtain a first electrode layer. The first electrode layer includes a plurality of first scribing lines arranged along a first direction and extending along a second direction.

[0026] A perovskite light-absorbing film is formed on the side of the first electrode layer away from the first substrate, and the perovskite light-absorbing film is scribed to obtain a plurality of second scribing groups corresponding to the plurality of first scribing lines and arranged along the first direction. Each second scribing group includes a plurality of second scribing lines arranged along the second direction. The orthographic projection of the second scribing lines on the first substrate and the orthographic projection of the first scribing lines on the first substrate do not overlap.

[0027] A second electrode film is formed on the side of the perovskite light-absorbing film away from the first substrate, and the second electrode film is connected to the first electrode layer through the second scribe line;

[0028] The second electrode film and the perovskite light-absorbing film are scribing to obtain the second electrode layer and the perovskite layer. The second electrode layer and the perovskite light-absorbing layer include multiple third scribing lines. The third scribing lines include a first part and a second part. The orthographic projection of the first part on the first substrate does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the first scribing line on the first substrate. The orthographic projection of the second part on the first substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first scribing line on the first substrate.

[0029] In another aspect, a photovoltaic module is provided, the photovoltaic module comprising: a plurality of perovskite cell modules as described above;

[0030] Multiple perovskite solar cell modules are connected in series or in parallel.

[0031] In another aspect, an electrical device is provided, the electrical device comprising: an electrical device, and a perovskite solar cell module as described above;

[0032] The perovskite battery module is connected to the electrical device, and the perovskite battery module is used to supply power to the electrical device.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided in this application include at least the following:

[0034] This application provides a perovskite solar cell module and its fabrication method, a photovoltaic module, and an electrical device. The perovskite solar cell module includes a first substrate and a perovskite solar cell functional layer. The perovskite solar cell functional layer includes a first electrode layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and a second electrode layer. The first electrode layer includes a first scribe line, the perovskite light-absorbing layer includes a group of second scribe lines corresponding to the first scribe line, the second scribe line group includes multiple second scribe lines, and a third scribe line of the perovskite light-absorbing layer and the second electrode layer. Since the second scribe line group includes multiple second scribe lines, the second electrode layer can be connected to the first electrode layer through multiple second scribe lines. Furthermore, by designing the first and second portions of the third scribe line, the dead region area of ​​the perovskite solar cell functional layer can be reduced, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell module. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a perovskite solar cell module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a top view of each line in the functional layer of a perovskite solar cell provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 3 This application provides an embodiment of a perovskite solar cell module along... Figure 2 Cross-sectional view in the BB' direction;

[0039] Figure 4This is a top view of each line in the functional layer of another perovskite solar cell provided in this application embodiment;

[0040] Figure 5 It is a type of lined top view in related technologies;

[0041] Figure 6 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of the image;

[0042] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of a method for fabricating a perovskite solar cell module according to an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of forming a first electrode layer according to an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a hole transport film, a hole passivation film, a perovskite light-absorbing film, a perovskite passivation film, an electron transport film, and an electron-modified film provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0045] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of forming a second scribed group provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of forming a second electrode thin film according to an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of forming a third dashed line provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0049] With the increasing demand for energy and the growing awareness of environmental protection, the development and utilization of solar energy, as a clean and renewable energy source, is of great significance. Perovskite solar cell modules, as a novel type of solar cell, have attracted widespread attention due to their high photoelectric conversion efficiency and simple fabrication process. However, there is still room for improvement in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of current perovskite solar cell modules.

[0050] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a perovskite solar cell module provided in an embodiment of this application. (Reference) Figure 1 The perovskite solar cell module 100 includes a first substrate 101 and a perovskite solar cell functional layer 102. The perovskite solar cell functional layer 102 includes a first electrode layer 1021, a perovskite light-absorbing layer 1022, and a second electrode layer 1023.

[0051] Figure 2 This is a top view of the various lines in the functional layer of a perovskite solar cell provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 It can be a perovskite solar cell module along Figure 2 Cross-sectional view in the AA' direction. Figure 3 It is a perovskite solar cell module along Figure 2 Cross-sectional view along the BB' direction. (Combined with...) Figures 1 to 3 The first electrode layer 1021 includes a plurality of first scribe lines P1 arranged along a first direction X and extending along a second direction Y. The perovskite light-absorbing layer 1022 includes a plurality of second scribe line groups P2z corresponding to the plurality of first scribe lines P1 and arranged along the first direction X, each second scribe line group P2z including a plurality of second scribe lines P2 arranged along the second direction Y. The orthographic projection of the second scribe line P2 on the first substrate 101 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the first scribe line P1 on the first substrate 101. The second electrode layer 1023 is connected to the first electrode layer 1021 through the second scribe lines P2. The second electrode layer 1023 and the perovskite light-absorbing layer 1022 include multiple third scribe lines P3 corresponding to multiple first scribe lines P1. The third scribe line P3 includes a first part P31 and a second part P32. The orthographic projection of the first part P31 on the first substrate 101 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the first scribe line P1 on the first substrate 101. The orthographic projection of the second part P32 on the first substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first scribe line P1 on the first substrate 101.

[0052] In this context, "non-overlapping" can mean that the two elements do not overlap at any position. "Overlapping" can mean that the two elements overlap at a certain position, or it can mean that the two elements completely overlap.

[0053] In this embodiment, the perovskite solar cell functional layer 102 can be divided into multiple sub-cells connected in series by setting a first scribing line P1, a second scribing line P2, and a third scribing line P3. This avoids the problem of overall battery failure caused by partial short circuits. The first scribing line P1 is used to cut open the first electrode film to form the first electrode layer 1021. The second scribing line P2 is used to cut open the perovskite light-absorbing film before forming the second electrode film, so that after the second electrode film is formed, it can be connected to the first electrode layer 1021 along the second scribing line P2. The third scribing line P3 is used to cut open the second electrode film and the perovskite light-absorbing film together after forming the second electrode film, resulting in the second electrode layer 1023 and the perovskite light-absorbing layer 1022. This scribing method allows the first electrode of the nth sub-cell (located in the first electrode layer 1021) to be connected to the second electrode of the (n+1)th sub-cell (located in the second electrode layer 1023). n can be any integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N-1. N represents the number of sub-cells. Optionally, the first electrode can be the anode, and the second electrode can be the cathode.

[0054] In this embodiment, the region between the first scribing line P1 and the third scribing line P3 cannot generate a photoelectric effect; this region is called a dead zone. For example, the width of the dead zone can be the sum of the width of the first scribing line P1, the width of the second scribing line P2, the width of the third scribing line P3, the distance between the first scribing line P1 and the second scribing line P2, and the distance between the second scribing line P2 and the third scribing line P3. The regions in the perovskite solar cell functional layer 102 other than the region between the first scribing line P1, the second scribing line P2, and the third scribing line P3 can be considered effective regions, and these effective regions can generate a photoelectric effect.

[0055] Optionally, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell module 100 is positively correlated with the area of ​​the effective region. That is, the larger the area of ​​the effective region, the greater the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell module 100; the smaller the area of ​​the effective region, the lower the light efficiency of the perovskite solar cell module 100.

[0056] To improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell functional layer 102, the area of ​​the effective region can be increased. Therefore, the solution in this embodiment sets the continuous second scribe lines P2 as a second scribe line group P2z comprising multiple dot-like second scribe lines P2. The second scribe lines P2 allow the second electrode layer 1023 and the first electrode layer 1021 to connect, and also avoid the effective region area being small due to the second scribe lines P2 occupying too much space.

[0057] In this embodiment, since the second scribe line P2 exposes the first electrode layer 1021, its orthographic projection on the first substrate 101 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the first scribe line P1 on the first substrate 101. Furthermore, since the second electrode layer 1023 is connected to the first electrode layer 1021 via the second scribe line P2, its orthographic projection on the first substrate 101 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the third scribe line P3 on the first substrate 101. It is understood that in a set of scribe lines (a set of scribe lines includes the first scribe line P1, the second scribe line group P2z, and the third scribe line P3), in order for the second scribe line P2 to connect the second electrode layer 1023 and the first electrode layer 1021, the first scribe line P1 and the third scribe line P3 must be located on opposite sides of the second scribe line P2.

[0058] Since the second scribe group P2z includes a plurality of second scribes P2 arranged along the second direction Y, adjacent second scribes P2 in the second scribe group P2z can be spaced apart in the second direction Y. Therefore, the first portion P31 of the third scribe P3 can be positioned on one side of the second scribe P2, meaning that the orthographic projection of the first portion P31 of the third scribe P3 on the first substrate 101 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the first scribe P1 on the first substrate 101. Furthermore, the second portion P32 of the third scribe P3 can be positioned at the interval between adjacent second scribes P2 along the second direction Y, and the second portion P32 is closer to the first scribe P1 than the first portion P31. For example, the orthographic projection of the second portion P32 on the first substrate 101 may overlap with the orthographic projection of the first scribe P1 on the first substrate 101.

[0059] In summary, this application provides a perovskite solar cell module, which includes a first substrate and a perovskite solar cell functional layer. The perovskite solar cell functional layer includes a first electrode layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and a second electrode layer. The first electrode layer includes a first scribe line, the perovskite light-absorbing layer includes a group of second scribe lines corresponding to the first scribe line, the second scribe line group includes multiple second scribe lines, and a third scribe line of the perovskite light-absorbing layer and the second electrode layer. Because the second scribe line group includes multiple second scribe lines, the second electrode layer can be connected to the first electrode layer through multiple second scribe lines. Furthermore, by designing the first and second portions of the third scribe line, the dead zone area of ​​the perovskite solar cell functional layer can be reduced, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell module.

[0060] In this embodiment of the application, the plurality of second dabs P2 in each second dab group P2z can be located on one side of the corresponding first dab P1. For example, refer to Figure 2 The multiple second lines P2 in the second line group P2z are located to the right of the corresponding first line P1.

[0061] Alternatively, in each group of second dashes P2z, some of the second dashes P2 are located on one side of the first dash P1, and other second dashes P2 are located on the other side of the first dash P1. For example, see reference... Figure 4 In the second line group P2z, each pair of adjacent second lines P2 in the second direction Y is located on both sides of the corresponding first line P1. Of course, the multiple second lines P2 in the second line group P2z can be distributed in other ways, and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0062] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 4It can be seen that the orthographic projection of the first portion P31 of the third scribe line P3 on the first substrate 101 is located on the side where the orthographic projection of the first scribe line P1 on the first substrate 101 is far from the orthographic projection of the second scribe line P2 on the first substrate 101. That is, the first portion P31 of the third scribe line P3 and the first scribe line P1 are located on opposite sides of the second scribe line P2, thereby connecting the second electrode layer 1023 to the first electrode layer 1021 through the second scribe line P2.

[0063] Optional, in Figure 2 In the diagram, the orthographic projection of the first portion P31 of the third scribe line P3 onto the first substrate 101 is located to the right of the orthographic projection of the second scribe line P2 onto the first substrate 101, and the orthographic projection of the first scribe line P1 onto the first substrate 101 is located to the left of the orthographic projection of the second scribe line P2 onto the first substrate 101. Alternatively, the orthographic projection of the first portion P31 of the third scribe line P3 onto the first substrate 101 is located to the left of the orthographic projection of the second scribe line P2 onto the first substrate 101, and the orthographic projection of the first scribe line P1 onto the first substrate 101 is located to the right of the orthographic projection of the second scribe line P2 onto the first substrate 101. Or, refer to... Figure 4 In the third scribing line P3, some of the first portions P31 are projected onto the first substrate 101 to the right of the second scribing line P2 on the first substrate 101, and the first scribing line P1 is projected onto the first substrate 101 to the left of the second scribing line P2 on the first substrate 101. Other portions of the first portions P31 are projected onto the first substrate 101 to the left of the second scribing line P2 on the first substrate 101, and the first scribing line P1 is projected onto the first substrate 101 to the right of the second scribing line P2 on the first substrate 101.

[0064] Usually, such as Figure 5 The second scribe line P2 shown is a continuous scribe, with a continuous line connecting the two electrode layers. However, in this embodiment, reference... Figure 2 and Figure 4 The second scribe line P2 can be a block pattern extending along the second direction Y. Each group of second scribe lines P2z includes multiple second scribe lines P2 that form multiple discontinuous block patterns arranged along the second direction Y. The connection between the second electrode layer 1023 and the first electrode layer 1021 can also be a discontinuous point connection. Thus, the interval between adjacent second scribe lines P2 arranged along the second direction Y can be the discontinuous position of the second scribe lines P2. At the discontinuous position, the third scribe line P3 can be recessed inward toward the first scribe line P1 until it overlaps with the first scribe line P1, thereby reducing the area of ​​the dead zone region.

[0065] In the embodiments of this application, reference is made to Figure 2 and Figure 4The first part P31 and the second part P32 both extend along the second direction Y. The third scribe line P3 also includes a third part P33, which extends along the first direction X. One end of the third part P33 is connected to the first part P31, and the other end is connected to the second part P32. That is, the orthographic projection of the third scribe line P3 on the first substrate 101 is bent. For example, the orthographic projection of the third scribe line P3 on the first substrate 101 can be "S" shaped.

[0066] Optionally, the widths of different portions of the third scribing line P3 can be equal or unequal; this embodiment does not limit this. The width d3 of the second portion P32 of the third scribing line P3 can be greater than or equal to the width d1 of the first scribing line P1, thereby ensuring that the second electrode layers 1023 of different sub-cells are spaced apart to avoid short circuits. The width d2 of the second scribing line P2 can be greater than the width d3 of the second portion P32, thereby ensuring the reliability of the connection between the second electrode layer 1023 and the first electrode layer 1021 through the second scribing line P2, thus ensuring the carrier transport efficiency, improving the performance of the cell, and ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0067] For example, the width d1 of the first datum line P1 ranges from 20 μm (micrometers) to 30 μm, such as 25 μm. The width d2 of the second datum line P2 ranges from 50 μm to 100 μm, such as 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, and 90 μm, etc. The width d3 of the third datum line P3 ranges from 30 μm to 45 μm, such as 35 μm and 40 μm, etc.

[0068] Optionally, the distance p1 between the first dashed line P1 and the second dashed line P2 ranges from 5 μm to 40 μm. The distance p2 between the second dashed line P2 and the first portion P31 of the third dashed line P3 ranges from 5 μm to 40 μm. The distance p3 between the second dashed line P2 and the third portion P33 of the third dashed line P3 ranges from 5 μm to 40 μm.

[0069] Optionally, the length L1 of the second scribe line P2 along the second direction Y ranges from 2 mm to 10 mm. For example, it can be 5 mm. The distance between any two second scribe lines P2 arranged along the second direction Y, and the sum of the lengths of the second scribe lines P2 along the second direction Y (this sum of lengths can be called the setting period L2 of the second scribe line P2), range from 10 mm to 50 mm, for example, 30 mm.

[0070] In the embodiments of this application, the perovskite solar cell module may include a geometric fill factor (GFF), where GFF = area of ​​the effective region / (area of ​​the effective region + area of ​​the dead region). That is, for a perovskite solar cell module, the larger the GFF, the higher the proportion of the effective region, and the higher the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell module.

[0071] In this embodiment, the width of the sub-cell can range from 5mm to 8mm. Taking a sub-cell width of 6.29mm, a first scribing line P1 width of 30μm, a second scribing line P2 width of 100μm, a third scribing line P3 width of 45μm, a distance of 40μm between the first scribing line P1 and the second scribing line P2, and a distance of 40μm between the second scribing line P2 and the third scribing line P3 as an example, Figure 5 The geometric fill factor (GFF) of the perovskite solar cell module with the shown line pattern is calculated. Since the length of the effective region and the length of the dead region are the same, the geometric fill factor of the perovskite solar cell module can be determined based on the width of the dead region and the width of the effective region.

[0072] Example, Figure 5 The width of the dead zone in the perovskite solar cell module shown can be equal to the sum of the widths of the first scribing line P1, the second scribing line P2, the third scribing line P3, the distance between the first scribing line P1 and the second scribing line P2, and the distance between the second scribing line P2 and the third scribing line P3. That is, the width of the dead zone can be equal to 30 + 100 + 45 + 40 + 40 = 255 μm. Furthermore, Figure 5 The geometric fill factor GFF of the perovskite solar cell module shown is (6290-255) / 6290 = 95.95%.

[0073] In this embodiment, the width of the sub-battery is 6.29 mm, the width of the first scribing line P1 is 30 μm, the width of the second scribing line P2 is 100 μm, the width of the third scribing line P3 is 45 μm, the distance between the first scribing line P1 and the second scribing line P2 is 40 μm, the distance between the first part P31 of the second scribing line P2 and the third scribing line P3 is 40 μm, the distance between the third part P33 of the second scribing line P2 and the third scribing line P3 is 40 μm, the length of the second scribing line P2 is 2 mm, and the setting period of the second scribing line P2 is 10 mm. Figure 2 The geometric fill factor GFF of the perovskite solar cell module 100 shown in the scribed pattern is calculated.

[0074] The length A of the dead zone with a width of 255μm is A = 45μm + 40μm + 2mm + 40μm + 45μm = 2170μm = 2.17mm. That is, the dead zone with a width of 255μm occupies 2.17 / 10 = 21.7% of the entire setting cycle. The dead zone with a width of 45μm occupies 1 - 21.7% = 78.3% of the entire cycle. Therefore, the average width of the dead zone is calculated to be W = 255 * 0.217 + 45 * 0.783 = 90.57μm. Furthermore... Figure 2 The geometric fill factor GFF of the perovskite solar cell module shown is (6290-90.57) / 6290 = 98.56%.

[0075] That is to say, Figure 2 The geometric fill factor of the perovskite solar cell module shown is relative to Figure 5 The geometric fill factor of the perovskite solar cell module shown has increased to some extent. Assuming... Figure 5 If the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a perovskite solar cell module is 20%, then... Figure 2 The perovskite solar cell module shown has a photoelectric conversion efficiency of (98.56% / 95.95%)*20% = 20.54%. That is, the line marking method in this embodiment can optimize the photoelectric conversion efficiency to 20.54%.

[0076] In this embodiment, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell module 100 can also be increased by reducing the width of the dead zone. For example, if the width of the sub-cell is 6.29 mm, and the width of the dead zone is reduced from 255 μm to 110 μm, taking a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 20% when the dead zone width is 255 μm as an example, the photoelectric conversion efficiency when the dead zone width is 110 μm can be [(6290-110) / (6290-255)]*20%=20.48%. This embodiment aims to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency by minimizing the width of the dead zone as much as possible.

[0077] When the dead zone width is 255 μm, the width of the first scribbled line P1 is 30 μm, the distance between the first scribbled line P1 and the second scribbled line P2 is 40 μm, the width of the second scribbled line P2 is 100 μm, the distance between the second scribbled line P2 and the third scribbled line P3 is 40 μm, and the width of the third scribbled line P3 is 45 μm. When the dead zone width is 110 μm, the width of the first scribbled line P1 is 20 μm, the distance between the first scribbled line P1 and the second scribbled line P2 is 5 μm, the width of the second scribbled line P2 is 50 μm, the distance between the second scribbled line P2 and the third scribbled line P3 is 5 μm, and the width of the third scribbled line P3 is 30 μm.

[0078] In the embodiments of this application, reference is made to Figure 1 and Figure 3 The perovskite solar cell functional layer 102 further includes: a hole transport layer 1024, a hole passivation layer 1025, a perovskite passivation layer 1026, an electron transport layer 1027, and an electron modification layer 1028. The hole transport layer 1024 and the hole passivation layer 1025 are located between the first electrode layer 1021 and the perovskite light-absorbing layer 1022, and are stacked in a direction away from the first electrode layer 1021. The perovskite passivation layer 1026, the electron transport layer 1027, and the electron modification layer 1028 are located between the perovskite light-absorbing layer 1022 and the second electrode layer 1023, and are stacked in a direction away from the first electrode layer 1021. That is, in the perovskite solar cell functional layer 102, the first electrode layer 1021, hole transport layer 1024, hole passivation layer 1025, perovskite light-absorbing layer 1022, perovskite passivation layer 1026, electron transport layer 1027, electron modification layer 1028 and second electrode layer 1023 are stacked in a direction away from the first substrate 101.

[0079] refer to Figure 1 The second scribe line P2 is also located on the hole transport layer 1024, hole passivation layer 1025, perovskite passivation layer 1026, electron transport layer 1027, and electron modification layer 1028. For example, the second scribe line P2 can be formed before the formation of the second electrode film by scribing the six thin films together: the hole transport film, the hole passivation film, the perovskite light-absorbing film, the perovskite passivation film, the electron transport film, and the electron modification film. Correspondingly, the third scribe line P3 is also located on the hole transport layer 1024, hole passivation layer 1025, perovskite passivation layer 1026, electron transport layer 1027, and electron modification layer 1028. For example, the third scribe line P3 can be formed after the formation of the second electrode film by scribing the seven thin films together: the second electrode film, the hole transport film, the hole passivation film, the perovskite light-absorbing film, the perovskite passivation film, the electron transport film, and the electron modification film.

[0080] In the embodiments of this application, reference is made to Figure 1 and Figure 3 The perovskite solar cell module 100 further includes: a second substrate 103, an encapsulant film 104, a conductive wire 105, and an encapsulation layer 106. The second substrate 103 is located on the side of the perovskite solar cell functional layer 102 away from the first substrate 101. The encapsulant film 104 is located between the perovskite solar cell functional layer 102 and the second substrate 103. The conductive wire 105 is located on the side of the perovskite solar cell functional layer 102, and its orthographic projection on the first substrate 101 is spaced apart from the perovskite solar cell functional layer 102 on the first substrate 101. The encapsulation layer 106 is located between the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 103, and surrounds the perovskite solar cell functional layer 102, the encapsulant film 104, and the conductive wire 105.

[0081] The adhesive film 104 melts after hot pressing, which serves as an encapsulation and water barrier, isolating the second substrate 103 and the second electrode layer 1023, and protecting the perovskite solar cell functional layer 102.

[0082] Optionally, film 104 can be POE film 104. POE film 104 is a polyolefin elastomer material with excellent mechanical properties such as high elasticity, high strength, and high elongation, as well as good low-temperature performance. POE film 104 also possesses excellent water-blocking properties and resistance to PID (potential-induced degradation), characteristics that make it widely applicable in the field of solar cells.

[0083] The POE film 104 is located between the second substrate 103 and the perovskite cell functional layer 102. Its main function is to protect the perovskite cell functional layer 102, so that the perovskite cell module 100 is not affected by the external environment during operation, thus extending the service life of the perovskite cell module 100. At the same time, it allows sunlight to pass through the film 104 to the perovskite cell functional layer 102 to the maximum extent, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the perovskite cell module 100.

[0084] The wire 105 may include a first type of wire and a second type of wire. The first type of wire can be used to lead out the anode of the perovskite solar cell functional layer, and the second type of wire can be used to lead out the cathode of the perovskite solar cell functional layer. For example, the first type of wire can be connected to the anode of the first sub-cell in a series of multiple sub-cells, and the second type of wire can be connected to the cathode of the last sub-cell in a series of multiple sub-cells.

[0085] The encapsulation layer 106 is located between the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 103, and surrounds the perovskite solar cell functional layer 102 and the encapsulant film 104. Optionally, the encapsulation layer 106 can be PIB (polyisobutylene), a novel encapsulation material mainly used to improve the waterproof performance of the perovskite solar cell module 100.

[0086] For example, the encapsulation layer 106 (PIB) plays a crucial role in the encapsulation of the perovskite solar cell module 100. Because perovskite solar cell modules are highly sensitive to moisture, moisture intrusion can lead to cell degradation, affecting cell performance and lifespan. The PIB, with its low moisture permeability, high adhesion, and electrical insulation, effectively blocks moisture intrusion, protecting the stability and performance of the cell.

[0087] In summary, this application provides a perovskite solar cell module, which includes a first substrate and a perovskite solar cell functional layer. The perovskite solar cell functional layer includes a first electrode layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and a second electrode layer. The first electrode layer includes a first scribe line, the perovskite light-absorbing layer includes a group of second scribe lines corresponding to the first scribe line, the second scribe line group includes multiple second scribe lines, and a third scribe line of the perovskite light-absorbing layer and the second electrode layer. Because the second scribe line group includes multiple second scribe lines, the second electrode layer can be connected to the first electrode layer through multiple second scribe lines. Furthermore, by designing the first and second portions of the third scribe line, the dead zone area of ​​the perovskite solar cell functional layer can be reduced, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell module.

[0088] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for fabricating a perovskite solar cell module according to an embodiment of this application. (Reference) Figure 7 The method includes:

[0089] Step S101: A first electrode thin film is formed on the first substrate, and the first electrode thin film is scribed to obtain a first electrode layer.

[0090] refer to Figure 8 The first electrode layer 1021 includes multiple first scribe lines P1. Combined with... Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 8 Multiple first lines P1 are arranged along the first direction X and extend along the second direction Y.

[0091] Step S102: A hole transport film, a hole passivation film, a perovskite light-absorbing film, a perovskite passivation film, an electron transport film, and an electron modification film are sequentially formed on the side of the first electrode layer away from the first substrate, and a plurality of second scribing groups are obtained by scribing.

[0092] refer to Figure 9 A hole transport film 1024a, a hole passivation film 1025a, a perovskite light-absorbing film 1022a, a perovskite passivation film 1026a, an electron transport film 1027a, and an electron modification film 1028a are sequentially formed on the side of the first electrode layer away from the first substrate. (Reference) Figure 10The hole transport film 1024a, hole passivation film 1025a, perovskite light-absorbing film 1022a, perovskite passivation film 1026a, electron transport film 1027a, and electron modification film 1028a can be scribed to obtain multiple second scribing groups P2z corresponding to multiple first scribing lines P1. Each second scribing group P2z includes multiple second scribing lines P2 arranged along the second direction Y, and the second scribing lines P2 can expose the first electrode layer 1021. The orthographic projection of the second scribing line P2 on the first substrate 101 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the first scribing line P1 on the first substrate 101.

[0093] Step S103: Form the second electrode thin film.

[0094] refer to Figure 11 After obtaining the second scribe line P2, a second electrode film 1023a can be formed on the electron-modified film 1028a some distance away from the first substrate 101. The second electrode film 1023a can be connected to the first electrode layer 1021 via the second scribe line P2.

[0095] Step S104: Perform scribe lines on the second electrode film, electron-modified film, electron transport film, perovskite passivation film, perovskite light-absorbing film, hole passivation film, and hole transport film.

[0096] refer to Figure 12 The second electrode film 1023a, electron-modified film 1028a, electron-transport film 1027a, perovskite passivation film 1026a, perovskite light-absorbing film 1022a, hole passivation film 1025a, and hole-transport film 1024a are scribed to obtain the second electrode layer 1023, electron-modified layer 1028, electron-transport layer 1027, perovskite passivation layer 1026, perovskite light-absorbing layer 1022, hole passivation layer 1025, and hole-transport layer 1024. The second electrode layer 1023, electron-modified layer 1028, electron-transport layer 1027, perovskite passivation layer 1026, perovskite light-absorbing layer 1022, hole passivation layer 1025, and hole-transport layer 1024 include multiple third scribing lines P3, each third scribing line P3 comprising a first portion P31 and a second portion P32. The orthographic projection of the first part P31 on the first substrate 101 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the first scribe line P1 on the first substrate 101. The orthographic projection of the second part P32 on the first substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first scribe line P1 on the first substrate 101.

[0097] Subsequently, an adhesive film 104, a wire 105, an encapsulation layer 106, and a second substrate 103 can be formed.

[0098] In summary, this application provides a method for fabricating a perovskite solar cell module. The perovskite solar cell module fabricated by this method includes a first substrate and a perovskite solar cell functional layer. The perovskite solar cell functional layer includes a first electrode layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and a second electrode layer. The first electrode layer includes a first scribe line, the perovskite light-absorbing layer includes a second scribe line group corresponding to the first scribe line, the second scribe line group includes multiple second scribe lines, and the perovskite light-absorbing layer and the second electrode layer have third scribe lines. Since the second scribe line group includes multiple second scribe lines, the second electrode layer can be connected to the first electrode layer through multiple second scribe lines. Furthermore, by designing the first and second portions of the third scribe lines, the area of ​​the dead region of the perovskite solar cell functional layer can be reduced, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell module.

[0099] This application also provides a photovoltaic module, which includes one or more perovskite cell modules as described in the above embodiments. When the photovoltaic module includes multiple perovskite cell modules, the multiple perovskite cell modules can be connected in series or in parallel.

[0100] Optionally, the number of perovskite cell modules included in a photovoltaic module can be determined according to different application scenarios. Photovoltaic modules can convert solar energy into electrical energy, which can then be stored in batteries or used to power loads.

[0101] Since photovoltaic modules can have essentially the same technical effects as the perovskite cell modules described in the previous embodiments, for the sake of brevity, the technical effects of photovoltaic modules will not be described again here.

[0102] This application also provides an electrical device, which may include: an electrical appliance and a perovskite solar cell module as provided in the above embodiments. The perovskite solar cell module is connected to the electrical appliance and is used to supply power to the electrical appliance.

[0103] Optionally, the electrical equipment can be common devices including perovskite solar cell modules. Examples include equipment in the communications, transportation, industrial and agricultural, and lighting sectors. Examples of electrical equipment include satellites, communication equipment, traffic lights, lighthouses, wireless telephone booths, monitoring equipment in oil drilling, power systems, camping lights, electric vehicles, electronic device chargers, and building facades.

[0104] The electrical equipment may include one or more perovskite solar cell modules. If the electrical equipment includes multiple perovskite solar cell modules, these modules may be connected in series or in parallel.

[0105] Optionally, the electrical equipment may include one or more perovskite cell modules that constitute a photovoltaic module.

[0106] Since the electrical equipment can have essentially the same technical effects as the perovskite solar cell modules described in the previous embodiments, for the sake of brevity, the technical effects of the electrical equipment will not be described again here.

[0107] The terminology used in the embodiments section of this application is for explaining the embodiments of this application only and is not intended to limit this application. Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of this application should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0108] The terminology used in the embodiments section of this application is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the application. Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of this application should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms "first," "second," "third," and similar terms used in the patent application specification and claims of this application do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms "a" or "one," and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms "comprising" or "including," and similar terms mean that the elements or objects preceding "comprising" or "including" encompass the elements or objects listed following "comprising" or "including" and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. The terms "connected," "linked," and similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up," "down," "left," "right," etc., are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0109] The above description is merely an optional embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell module, characterized in that, The perovskite solar cell module includes: First substrate; A perovskite solar cell functional layer includes a first electrode layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and a second electrode layer. The first electrode layer includes multiple first scribe lines arranged along a first direction and extending along a second direction. The perovskite light-absorbing layer includes multiple groups of second scribe lines corresponding to the multiple first scribe lines and arranged along the first direction. Each group of second scribe lines includes multiple second scribe lines arranged along the second direction. The orthographic projections of the second scribe lines on the first substrate and the orthographic projections of the first scribe lines on the first substrate do not overlap. The second electrode layer is connected to the first electrode layer through the second scribe lines. The second electrode layer and the perovskite light-absorbing layer include multiple third scribe lines. Each third scribe line includes a first portion and a second portion. The orthographic projections of the first portion on the first substrate and the orthographic projections of the first scribe lines on the first substrate do not overlap. The orthographic projections of the second portion on the first substrate and the orthographic projections of the first scribe lines on the first substrate overlap.

2. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second scribing line is a block pattern extending along the second direction, and each group of the second scribing lines includes a plurality of second scribing lines that constitute a plurality of block patterns arranged discontinuously along the second direction.

3. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The orthographic projection of the first portion on the first substrate is located on the side where the orthographic projection of the first scribe line on the first substrate is far from the orthographic projection of the second scribe line on the first substrate.

4. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 3, characterized in that, Both the first part and the second part extend along the second direction; the third line also includes a third part, which extends along the first direction, with one end of the third part connected to the first part and the other end connected to the second part.

5. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the second part is greater than or equal to the width of the first line.

6. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the second line is greater than the width of the second part.

7. The perovskite solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The width of the first doodle ranges from 20 micrometers to 30 micrometers, the width of the second doodle ranges from 50 micrometers to 100 micrometers, and the width of the third doodle ranges from 30 micrometers to 45 micrometers; The distance between the first doodle and the second doodle ranges from 5 micrometers to 40 micrometers, and the distance between the second doodle and the first portion of the third doodle ranges from 5 micrometers to 40 micrometers.

8. The perovskite solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The length of the second scribe line along the second direction ranges from 2 mm to 10 mm; The sum of the distance between any two second lines arranged along the second direction and the length of the second line along the second direction ranges from 10 mm to 50 mm.

9. The perovskite solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The perovskite solar cell functional layer further includes: a hole transport layer, a hole passivation layer, a perovskite passivation layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron modification layer. The hole transport layer and the hole passivation layer are located between the first electrode layer and the perovskite light-absorbing layer, and are stacked in a direction away from the first electrode layer; The perovskite passivation layer, the electron transport layer, and the electron modification layer are located between the perovskite light-absorbing layer and the second electrode layer, and are stacked in a direction away from the first electrode layer.

10. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 9, characterized in that, The second scribe line is also located in the hole transport layer, hole passivation layer, perovskite passivation layer, electron transport layer, and electron modification layer; the second scribe line exposes a portion of the first electrode layer, and the second electrode layer is electrically connected to the first electrode layer through the second scribe line.

11. The perovskite solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The perovskite solar cell module further includes: a second substrate, an encapsulant film, wires, and an encapsulation layer; Wherein, the second substrate is located on the side of the perovskite solar cell functional layer away from the first substrate, the encapsulant film is located between the perovskite solar cell functional layer and the second substrate, the conductive wire is located on the side of the perovskite solar cell functional layer, and the orthographic projection of the conductive wire on the first substrate and the orthographic projection of the perovskite solar cell functional layer on the first substrate are spaced apart, the encapsulation layer is located between the first substrate and the second substrate, and surrounds the perovskite solar cell functional layer, the encapsulant film and the conductive wire.

12. A method for preparing a perovskite solar cell module, characterized in that, The method includes: A first electrode thin film is formed on a first substrate, and the first electrode thin film is scribed to obtain a first electrode layer. The first electrode layer includes a plurality of first scribing lines arranged along a first direction and extending along a second direction. A perovskite light-absorbing film is formed on the side of the first electrode layer away from the first substrate, and the perovskite light-absorbing film is scribed to obtain a plurality of second scribing groups corresponding to the plurality of first scribing lines and arranged along the first direction. Each second scribing group includes a plurality of second scribing lines arranged along the second direction. The orthographic projection of the second scribing lines on the first substrate and the orthographic projection of the first scribing lines on the first substrate do not overlap. A second electrode film is formed on the side of the perovskite light-absorbing film away from the first substrate, and the second electrode film is connected to the first electrode layer through the second scribe line; The second electrode film and the perovskite light-absorbing film are scribing to obtain the second electrode layer and the perovskite layer. The second electrode layer and the perovskite light-absorbing layer include multiple third scribing lines. The third scribing lines include a first part and a second part. The orthographic projection of the first part on the first substrate does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the first scribing line on the first substrate. The orthographic projection of the second part on the first substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first scribing line on the first substrate.

13. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes: a plurality of perovskite cell modules as described in any one of claims 1 to 11; Multiple perovskite solar cell modules are connected in series or in parallel.

14. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, The electrical equipment includes: an electrical device, and a perovskite solar cell module as described in any one of claims 1 to 11; The perovskite battery module is connected to the electrical device, and the perovskite battery module is used to supply power to the electrical device.

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