Perovskite solar cell module and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of perovskite solar cell encapsulation technology, and relates to a perovskite solar cell module, its preparation method, and its application. The module includes a substrate; a perovskite solar cell module, stacked on a first region of a first surface of the substrate; a first encapsulating layer, stacked with the perovskite solar cell module, the first encapsulating layer being made of liquid silicone; a second encapsulating layer, surrounding the perovskite solar cell module and the first encapsulating layer, and sealed to the remaining second region of the first surface of the substrate excluding the first region; and a cover plate, stacked with the first encapsulating layer and sealed to both the first and second encapsulating layers. The first encapsulating layer of this invention has a low modulus, exerting almost no stress on the module and avoiding damage to the perovskite light-absorbing layer. The liquid silicone can also achieve ultra-low temperature curing, avoiding irreversible damage to the perovskite light-absorbing layer caused by high-temperature lamination curing, thus achieving excellent encapsulation results.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of perovskite solar cell encapsulation technology, and in particular to a perovskite solar cell module, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous advancement of solar energy technology, perovskite solar modules have attracted much attention due to their excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency, tunable optical properties, and low cost. However, the stability of perovskite light-absorbing layer materials and suitable encapsulation processes are the main challenges for their commercial application.

[0003] Because perovskite materials are highly sensitive to environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and oxygen, their high hydrophilicity allows them to easily absorb moisture from the surrounding environment and induce the formation of hydrate products, thereby compromising the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells. In addition, the lamination temperature of perovskite solar cell modules is generally 130℃~150℃, but this temperature is significantly higher for perovskite materials, especially under vacuum conditions. Volatile organic molecules inside the perovskite can easily detach from the original lattice under the combined effects of vacuum and heating, causing irreversible damage to the corresponding perovskite light-absorbing layer. These problems undoubtedly pose a huge challenge to the encapsulation process of perovskite solar cell modules.

[0004] Besides the temperature effects of lamination mentioned above, the encapsulation process for perovskite solar cells typically uses solid POE, EVA, or PVB films. EVA films release acidic substances after lamination, which can damage the perovskite light-absorbing layer. PVB films, on the other hand, have excessive shrinkage after lamination, resulting in excessive shear force on the transparent conductive layer (TCO layer), easily causing TCO delamination and thus damaging the structure of the perovskite solar cell module, affecting the perovskite light-absorbing layer as well. Current perovskite solar cell module encapsulation structures generally involve laminating the perovskite solar cell module with a POE film. However, the minimum melting point of POE films is generally above 100℃, which is still too high for perovskite materials. Furthermore, after high-temperature lamination, POE films also exhibit significant shrinkage and adhesion to the TCO layer, leading to TCO layer detachment or cracking. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a perovskite solar cell module, its preparation method, and its application. The first encapsulating adhesive layer of this invention comprises liquid silicone rubber, which allows the first encapsulating adhesive layer obtained after lamination and cooling to have a low modulus, exerting almost no stress on the perovskite solar cell module and having no impact on its performance. This effectively protects the perovskite light-absorbing layer and prevents damage to it. Furthermore, the use of liquid silicone rubber enables lamination and curing at ultra-low temperatures, while still providing excellent encapsulation effects. This can replace high-temperature lamination and curing, avoiding irreversible damage to the perovskite light-absorbing layer caused by high-temperature curing.

[0006] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a perovskite solar cell module, the perovskite solar cell module comprising:

[0008] Substrate, including the first surface of the substrate;

[0009] A perovskite solar cell module is stacked on a first region of the first surface of the substrate;

[0010] The first encapsulating adhesive layer is stacked with the perovskite solar cell module. The first encapsulating adhesive layer is made of liquid silicone. The first encapsulating adhesive layer is obtained by cross-linking reaction of the first encapsulating adhesive.

[0011] The second encapsulating adhesive layer is disposed around the perovskite solar cell module and the first encapsulating adhesive layer, and is sealed to the second region of the first surface of the substrate.

[0012] A cover plate, which is stacked on top of the first encapsulating adhesive layer and is sealed to both the first encapsulating adhesive layer and the second encapsulating adhesive layer.

[0013] In this invention, a first encapsulating adhesive is obtained by undergoing a cross-linking reaction. A three-dimensional network structure is formed by the reaction between specific chemical groups in the first encapsulating adhesive, thereby transforming the liquid first encapsulating adhesive from a liquid flowable state into a solid elastic state.

[0014] In this invention, the first encapsulating layer uses liquid silicone as the raw material. Using liquid silicone offers the following advantages: ① It results in a lower modulus of the first encapsulating layer after lamination and cooling, causing almost no stress on the perovskite solar cell module and having no impact on its performance. This protects the perovskite light-absorbing layer and prevents damage. ② Liquid silicone can be cured at ultra-low temperatures (23℃~90℃), and lamination curing at ultra-low temperatures still provides excellent encapsulation effects. This can replace high-temperature lamination curing, avoiding irreversible damage to the perovskite light-absorbing layer caused by high-temperature curing. Especially when lamination is performed at 90℃, it balances the encapsulation effect and efficiency of the perovskite solar cell module, resulting in good economic benefits. ③ Liquid silicone has lower costs (lower usage), better light transmittance, and a more aesthetically pleasing module appearance.

[0015] Therefore, compared to common solid encapsulant films such as POE, EVA, or PVB, the liquid silicone lamination used in this invention, after encapsulation, has characteristics such as low shrinkage, low modulus, high transmittance, and high compatibility with perovskite solar cell modules. In terms of process, it has ultra-low lamination temperature and low cost. Combined with the second encapsulant layer, it achieves complete encapsulation of the perovskite solar cell module. It can achieve excellent encapsulation effect without affecting the performance of the perovskite solar cell module. It has long-term stability and durability in different harsh natural environments, thereby ensuring the long-term stable operation of the perovskite solar cell module.

[0016] It should be noted that the first surface of the substrate is composed of a first region and a second region. The first region is located in the middle region of the first surface of the substrate, and the second region is the remaining region of the first surface of the substrate excluding the first region, surrounding the first region.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first encapsulating adhesive layer is obtained by curing the liquid silicone.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the visible light transmittance of the liquid silicone is ≥95%, such as 95%, 95.5%, 96%, 96.5%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99% or 99.5%.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the viscosity of the liquid organosilicone is 10000mPa·s to 50000mPa·s, such as 10000mPa·s, 15000mPa·s, 20000mPa·s, 25000mPa·s, 30000mPa·s, 35000mPa·s, 40000mPa·s, 45000mPa·s, or 50000mPa·s.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the lamination stabilization temperature of the liquid silicone is 23℃~160℃, such as 23℃, 25℃, 30℃, 50℃, 80℃, 100℃, 120℃, 150℃ or 160℃.

[0021] This invention regulates the inherent performance parameters (including visible light transmittance and viscosity) of liquid silicone to make it more suitable as a liquid encapsulant for lamination of perovskite solar modules at ultra-low temperatures, resulting in better performance of the laminated perovskite solar modules.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the thickness of the first encapsulating adhesive layer is 100μm~200μm, such as 100μm, 120μm, 140μm, 160μm, 180μm or 200μm.

[0023] In this invention, by adjusting the thickness of the first encapsulating adhesive layer to 100μm~200μm, excellent encapsulation effect can be achieved, while also ensuring higher light transmittance and more significant thermal shrinkage characteristics. If the thickness of the first encapsulating adhesive layer is too low, the encapsulation effect of the perovskite solar module will be slightly worse, and the requirements for the encapsulation process will be relatively high. It is very easy to cause insufficient adhesive, which will reduce the performance of the encapsulated perovskite solar cell module and also affect the appearance of the module. If the thickness of the first encapsulating adhesive layer is too high, it will lead to a decrease in the light transmittance of the first encapsulating adhesive layer, and an increase in the amount of material used, resulting in increased costs and reduced economic benefits.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the lamination stabilization temperature of the second encapsulating adhesive used in the second encapsulating adhesive layer is 23℃~160℃, such as 23℃, 30℃, 50℃, 80℃, 100℃, 120℃, 150℃ or 160℃.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second encapsulating adhesive includes butyl rubber.

[0026] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the perovskite solar cell module includes a first module surface and a second module surface disposed opposite to each other, and a first module side surface connecting the first module surface and the second module surface, wherein the second module surface and the first substrate surface are bonded together.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first encapsulating adhesive layer includes a first surface of the encapsulating layer and a second surface of the encapsulating layer disposed opposite to each other, and a first side surface of the encapsulating layer connecting the first surface of the encapsulating layer and the second surface of the encapsulating layer, wherein the second surface of the encapsulating layer is bonded to the first surface of the module.

[0028] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second encapsulating adhesive layer includes an inner side surface of the encapsulating layer, which is bonded to the first side surface of the module and the first side surface of the encapsulating layer.

[0029] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cover plate includes a first surface of the cover plate, and the first surface of the cover plate and the first surface of the encapsulation layer are bonded together.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the perovskite solar cell module includes:

[0031] First transparent conductive layer;

[0032] A first carrier transport layer is stacked on the side of the first transparent conductive layer away from the substrate;

[0033] A perovskite light-absorbing layer is stacked on the side of the first carrier transport layer away from the first transparent conductive layer.

[0034] The second carrier transport layer is stacked on the side of the perovskite light-absorbing layer away from the first carrier transport layer;

[0035] A second transparent conductive layer is stacked on the side of the second carrier transport layer away from the perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second transparent conductive layer includes at least one set of electrodes symmetrically arranged, one end of the electrodes being connected to the second transparent conductive layer, and the other end of the electrodes extending beyond the second encapsulating adhesive layer.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first carrier transport layer includes a hole transport layer and the second carrier transport layer includes an electron transport layer; or, the first carrier transport layer includes an electron transport layer and the second carrier transport layer includes a hole transport layer.

[0038] It should be noted that this invention does not impose specific requirements or limitations on the thickness and specific materials of each functional layer within the perovskite solar cell module. Commonly used thicknesses and specific materials of functional layers in the art are applicable to this invention, and those skilled in the art can make adaptive selections and adjustments according to actual conditions.

[0039] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the planes on the same side of the plane containing the outer wall of the second encapsulating adhesive layer, the plane containing the perimeter of the cover plate, and the plane containing the perimeter of the substrate are all aligned.

[0040] Secondly, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell module, the method comprising:

[0041] S1. Provide a substrate, including a first surface of the substrate;

[0042] S2. A perovskite solar cell module is stacked in a first region on the first surface of the substrate;

[0043] S3. The perovskite solar cell module and the cover plate are laminated together using the first encapsulating adhesive to form the first encapsulating adhesive layer to be laminated. The second encapsulating adhesive is disposed around the periphery of the perovskite solar cell module and the periphery of the first encapsulating adhesive layer to be laminated, and is also disposed in the second region of the first surface of the substrate to form the second encapsulating adhesive layer, thereby obtaining the perovskite solar cell module to be laminated.

[0044] Alternatively, a second encapsulating adhesive is used to surround the perovskite solar cell module and also to a second region on the first surface of the substrate to form a second encapsulating adhesive layer. The perovskite solar cell module and the cover plate are laminated and bonded together using the first encapsulating adhesive to form a first encapsulating adhesive layer to be laminated. The second encapsulating adhesive layer contacts the cover plate and surrounds the first encapsulating adhesive layer to be laminated to obtain the perovskite solar cell module to be laminated.

[0045] The first encapsulating adhesive includes liquid silicone.

[0046] S4. The perovskite solar cell module to be laminated is laminated and encapsulated, and the first encapsulating adhesive undergoes a cross-linking reaction to form a first encapsulating adhesive layer, thereby obtaining the perovskite solar cell module.

[0047] It should be noted that in this invention, the length and width of the substrate are both greater than the length and width of the perovskite solar cell module, which can achieve the encapsulation of the second encapsulating adhesive layer. This allows the second encapsulating adhesive to be applied around the perovskite solar cell module and the periphery of the first encapsulating adhesive layer to be laminated, while also achieving a sealed connection with the second area on the substrate surface, thereby achieving complete encapsulation of the effective part of the perovskite solar cell module.

[0048] It should be noted that the first surface of the substrate is composed of a first region and a second region. The first region is located in the middle region of the first surface of the substrate, and the second region is the remaining region of the first surface of the substrate excluding the first region, surrounding the first region.

[0049] In this invention, the method for preparing the perovskite solar cell module described in the second aspect can be used to prepare the perovskite solar cell module described in the first aspect.

[0050] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the visible light transmittance of the liquid silicone is ≥95%, such as 95%, 95.5%, 96%, 96.5%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99% or 99.5%.

[0051] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the viscosity of the liquid organosilicone is 10000mPa·s to 50000mPa·s, such as 10000mPa·s, 15000mPa·s, 20000mPa·s, 25000mPa·s, 30000mPa·s, 35000mPa·s, 40000mPa·s, 45000mPa·s, or 50000mPa·s.

[0052] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the lamination stabilization temperature of the liquid silicone is 23℃~160℃, such as 23℃, 25℃, 30℃, 50℃, 80℃, 100℃, 120℃, 150℃ or 160℃.

[0053] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the lamination stabilization temperature of the second encapsulating adhesive is 23℃~160℃, such as 23℃, 30℃, 50℃, 80℃, 100℃, 120℃, 150℃ or 160℃.

[0054] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second encapsulating adhesive includes butyl rubber.

[0055] In this invention, the second encapsulating adhesive is solid at room temperature. It is heated to a liquid state during coating, but it becomes solid again at room temperature and directly forms the second encapsulating adhesive layer. Therefore, the lamination process in step S4 only acts on the first encapsulating adhesive to induce a crosslinking reaction and obtain the first encapsulating adhesive layer.

[0056] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, during the lamination and encapsulation process of the perovskite solar cell module to be laminated, the lamination and encapsulation temperature is 23℃~90℃, for example, 23℃, 25℃, 30℃, 40℃, 50℃, 60℃, 70℃, 80℃ or 90℃.

[0057] In this invention, the cross-linking and curing of the first encapsulant can be achieved by adjusting the lamination temperature to 23℃~90℃ to form the first encapsulant layer. This avoids the impact of high-temperature lamination on the functional layers of the component, especially the perovskite light-absorbing layer. At the same time, this temperature range will not affect the second encapsulant layer, and it can maintain a solid state.

[0058] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, during the lamination and encapsulation process of the perovskite solar cell module to be laminated, the lamination and encapsulation time is 5 min to 60 min, for example 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 25 min, 30 min, 35 min, 40 min, 45 min, 50 min, 55 min or 60 min, etc.

[0059] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, during the lamination and encapsulation process of the perovskite solar cell module to be laminated, the lamination and encapsulation pressure is 30kPa~60kPa, for example 30kPa, 35kPa, 40kPa, 45kPa, 50kPa, 55kPa or 60kPa.

[0060] In this invention, in addition to lamination temperature, lamination pressure and lamination time during the lamination process are also key factors affecting encapsulation quality. By combining the above parameters, a uniform and firm bond is formed between the liquid silicone and the perovskite solar cell module, substrate and cover plate, so as to achieve the best encapsulation effect and avoid damage to the perovskite solar cell module.

[0061] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, before laminating and encapsulating the perovskite solar cell module to be laminated, a step of evacuating the space where the perovskite solar cell module to be laminated is located is further included.

[0062] In this invention, regulating the lamination environment of the perovskite solar cell module to be laminated is beneficial to achieving a better lamination effect.

[0063] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the vacuuming time is 6 min to 15 min, for example, 6 min, 7 min, 8 min, 9 min, 10 min, 11 min, 12 min, 13 min, 14 min or 15 min.

[0064] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the vacuum level of the space is <100pa, for example, 99pa, 90pa, 80pa, 70pa, 60pa, 50pa, 40pa, 30pa, 20pa, 10pa or 0pa.

[0065] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the method for preparing the perovskite solar cell module to be laminated in step S3 includes: coating a first encapsulating adhesive on the first surface of the perovskite solar cell module, coating the first encapsulating adhesive on the first surface of the cover plate, stacking and bonding the two surfaces coated with the first encapsulating adhesive to form a first encapsulating adhesive layer to be laminated, and then coating a second encapsulating adhesive on the first side of the perovskite solar cell module and the surrounding sidewalls of the first encapsulating adhesive layer to be laminated. The second encapsulating adhesive is also coated on a second region of the first surface of the substrate to form a second encapsulating adhesive layer, thereby obtaining the perovskite solar cell module to be laminated.

[0066] Alternatively, a second encapsulating adhesive is coated on the first side of the perovskite solar cell module and also coated on a second region of the first surface of the substrate to form a second encapsulating adhesive layer. A first encapsulating adhesive is coated on the first surface of the perovskite solar cell module and on the first surface of the cover plate. The two surfaces coated with the first encapsulating adhesive are stacked and bonded together to form a first encapsulating adhesive layer to be laminated. The second encapsulating adhesive is coated around the perimeter of the first encapsulating adhesive layer to be laminated to form a second encapsulating adhesive layer. The second encapsulating adhesive layer contacts the cover plate to obtain the perovskite solar cell module to be laminated.

[0067] It should be noted that the coating method is not specifically required or limited in this invention. Any method commonly used by those skilled in the art is applicable to this invention, such as spin coating or blade coating.

[0068] It should be noted that the perovskite solar cell module described in this invention is prepared by conventional methods, and the materials of each functional layer in the module are also conventional materials. Those skilled in the art can make adaptive selections and adjustments according to actual conditions, and all of these are applicable to this invention.

[0069] Thirdly, the present invention also provides a perovskite-silicon tandem solar cell module, wherein the perovskite-silicon tandem solar cell module comprises a crystalline silicon bottom cell and a perovskite solar top cell module stacked together.

[0070] The perovskite solar roof battery module includes the perovskite solar cell module as described in the first aspect, or the perovskite solar cell module prepared by the preparation method of the second aspect.

[0071] Fourthly, the present invention also provides a photovoltaic system comprising a perovskite-silicon tandem solar cell module as described in the third aspect.

[0072] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0073] The present invention uses liquid silicone lamination encapsulation, and the resulting first encapsulation layer has the characteristics of low shrinkage, low modulus, high transmittance and high compatibility with perovskite solar cell modules. It can achieve excellent encapsulation effect without affecting the performance of perovskite solar cell modules. It has long-term stability and durability in different harsh natural environments, thereby ensuring the long-term stable operation of perovskite solar cell modules. Attached Figure Description

[0074] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the perovskite solar cell module provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0075] Figure 2 This is a top view of the perovskite solar cell module provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0076] Figure 3 This is a disassembled diagram of the perovskite solar cell module provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0077] Figure 4 This is the present invention. Figure 3 Enlarged view of region A in perovskite solar cell module 2.

[0078] Among them, 1-glass substrate, 2-perovskite solar cell module, 3-organic silicone layer, 4-butyl adhesive layer, 5-cover glass, 6-conductive tape, 21-FTO first transparent conductive substrate, 22-NiO x Hole transport layer, 23-perovskite light-absorbing layer, 24-PCBM electron transport layer, 25-ITO second transparent conductive substrate, 101-first surface of substrate, 201-first surface of module, 202-second surface of module, 203-first side of module, 301-first surface of encapsulation layer, 302-second surface of encapsulation layer, 303-first side of encapsulation layer, 401-inner side of encapsulation layer, 501-first surface of cover plate, 7-region where perovskite solar cell module 2 is located, 8-region where butyl adhesive layer 4 is located. Detailed Implementation

[0079] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. However, the following examples are merely simplified examples of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is determined by the claims.

[0080] Unless otherwise stated, the raw materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available products or can be prepared by known methods.

[0081] The liquid silicone used in the specific embodiments of this invention are all commercially available, model number 2538, manufactured by Fule Tianshan.

[0082] The perovskite solar cell module described in the specific embodiments of this invention is prepared using a preparation method disclosed in the prior art, and all preparation methods disclosed in the prior art are applicable to this invention.

[0083] The specific embodiments of this invention include the following methods for preparing perovskite solar cell modules:

[0084] S1. Substrate preparation: 3.2mm thick FTO conductive glass is used as the first transparent conductive substrate.

[0085] S2 and P1 laser etching: The first patterning etching is performed on the FTO layer using a laser with a power of 2W and a scanning speed of 1000mm / s, resulting in a P1 etching linewidth of 25μm.

[0086] S3. Functional Layer Fabrication: The hole transport layer, perovskite light-absorbing layer, and electron transport layer are fabricated sequentially. Specifically, NiO is sputtered over the FTO first transparent conductive substrate layer with P1 grooves using magnetron sputtering. x The perovskite solution was then annealed at 300℃ for 30 min to obtain a 20 nm hole transport layer. A perovskite solution was then coated onto the hole transport layer at a coating speed of 15 mm / s and a coating head height of 200 μm. After annealing at 150℃ for 10 min, a perovskite absorbing layer was obtained (the perovskite solution contained lead iodide:formamidinium hydroiodate:methylammonium iodide:cesium iodide molar ratio of 1:0.9:0.05:0.05, and the mixed solvent DMF:DMSO volume ratio of 4:1, with a concentration of 1.5 mol / L). An electron transport layer solution was then coated onto the perovskite absorbing layer at a coating speed of 15 mm / s and a coating head height of 100 μm. After annealing at 70℃ for 10 min, an electron transport layer was obtained (the electron transport layer solution contained PCBM, chlorobenzene, and a concentration of 20 mg / mL).

[0087] S4 and P2 laser etching: After the hole transport layer, perovskite light-absorbing layer and electron transport layer are prepared, a second patterning etching is performed using a laser to penetrate the electron transport layer, perovskite light-absorbing layer and hole transport layer. The laser power is 2W and the scanning speed is 1000mm / s. The resulting P2 etching linewidth is 45μm.

[0088] S5. Preparation of ITO transparent conductive substrate: An ITO second transparent conductive substrate with a thickness of 300 nm is formed on the surface of the above structure by a coating process.

[0089] S6 and P3 laser etching: A third patterning etching was performed using a laser to penetrate the ITO second transparent conductive substrate, electron transport layer, perovskite light-absorbing layer and hole transport layer. The laser power was 2W and the scanning speed was 1000mm / s. The resulting P3 etching linewidth was 45μm.

[0090] S7 and P4 laser edge clearing: The edge area of ​​the device is cleared by laser, with a clearing width of about 12mm, a laser power of 2W, and a scanning speed of 1000mm / s, to obtain the perovskite solar cell module.

[0091] The liquid silicone of this invention was coated onto a glass substrate, and after vacuuming at 90°C for 450s, it was laminated under three pressure stages: first at 40kPa for 30s, then at 50kPa for 30s, and finally at 60kPa for 600s, to obtain a 100μm solid silicone encapsulation layer (loaded onto the glass substrate). Commercially available solid POE film 1 (Saiwu T34) and commercially available solid POE film 2 (Foster XUS66250) were respectively applied onto the glass substrate, and after vacuuming at 120°C for 450s, they were laminated under three pressure stages: first at 40kPa for 30s, then at 50kPa for 30s, and finally at 60kPa for 600s, to obtain a 500μm thick encapsulation layer and a 200μm thick encapsulation layer (both loaded onto the glass substrate). The heat shrinkage (120°C, 3h) and light transmittance of the encapsulation layers of the above three materials were tested, and the specific test results are shown in Table 1.

[0092] Table 1

[0093]

[0094] The test results show that:

[0095] The liquid silicone film used in this invention, after lamination and curing, has an extremely low thermal shrinkage rate compared to the commercially available solid POE film after lamination and curing. Its MD and TD are almost negligible, its thermal stability is extremely high, and its light transmittance is also high. This indicates that encapsulation can effectively improve the stability of perovskite solar cell modules without affecting the photoelectric performance of the cells.

[0096] Example 1

[0097] This embodiment provides a perovskite solar cell module and its fabrication method. Figure 1 A cross-sectional structural diagram of the perovskite solar cell module provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown. Figure 2 A top view of the perovskite solar cell module provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown. Figure 3 A disassembled diagram of the perovskite solar cell module provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown. Figure 4 The present invention is shown. Figure 3The enlarged structural diagram of region A in the perovskite solar cell module 2 shows that, from bottom to top, the perovskite solar cell module includes a glass substrate 1, a perovskite solar cell module 2, an silicone layer 3, and a cover glass 5 stacked sequentially, and also includes a butyl adhesive layer 4. The perovskite solar cell module 2, from bottom to top, includes an FTO first transparent conductive substrate 21 and a NiO layer stacked sequentially. x The system comprises a hole transport layer 22, a perovskite light-absorbing layer 23, a PCBM electron transport layer 24, and an ITO second transparent conductive substrate 25. Conductive tapes 6 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the ITO second transparent conductive substrate, with a length of 1970 mm. The silicone layer 3 has a thickness of 100 μm, and the vertical distance L between the outer and inner walls of the butyl adhesive layer 4 is 10 mm. Figure 2 The area 7 within the dashed box is the area where the perovskite solar cell module 2 and the silicone layer 3 are located. The area 8 outside the dashed box and within the solid box is the area where the butyl rubber layer 4 is located.

[0098] The preparation method includes the following steps: S1, after bonding the second surface 202 of the perovskite solar cell module 2 with the first surface 101 of the glass substrate 1, clean the edges, spin-coat liquid silicone (95% visible light transmittance, 10000mPa·s viscosity) onto the surface of the ITO second transparent conductive substrate 25 in the perovskite solar cell module 2 (i.e., the first surface 201 of the module), and simultaneously spin-coat liquid silicone onto the first surface 501 of the cover glass 5, and then bond the two surfaces with the spin-coated liquid silicone together to form a liquid silicone layer to be laminated, and then use butyl adhesive (liquid after heating) to coat the periphery of the perovskite solar cell module 2 (i.e., the first side 203 of the module) and the periphery of the liquid silicone layer to be laminated to form a butyl adhesive layer, thus obtaining the perovskite solar cell module to be laminated.

[0099] S2. Place the perovskite solar cell module to be laminated into the laminator, first perform a 10-minute vacuum treatment until the vacuum degree of the space is 40 Pa, then laminate and encapsulate it for 10 minutes at a lamination temperature of 90℃ and a lamination pressure of 60 kPa. During the lamination process, the liquid silicone undergoes a cross-linking reaction to form a liquid silicone layer. After cutting and edge treatment, the perovskite solar cell module is obtained.

[0100] Example 2

[0101] This embodiment provides a perovskite solar cell module and its preparation method. The difference between the perovskite solar cell module and that in Embodiment 1 is that the thickness of the first encapsulating adhesive layer, i.e. the silicone layer, is 200 μm, while the structure and parameters of the remaining layers are consistent with those in Embodiment 1.

[0102] The difference between the preparation method and Example 1 is that in step (1), the visible light transmittance of the liquid silicone is 96% and the viscosity is 15000mPa·s. In step (2), during the lamination process, a vacuum treatment is first performed for 6 minutes until the vacuum degree of the space is 30pa. Then, the lamination is performed at a lamination temperature of 25℃ and a lamination pressure of 30kPa for 60 minutes. The remaining preparation methods and parameters are consistent with those of Example 1.

[0103] Example 3

[0104] This embodiment provides a perovskite solar cell module and its preparation method. The difference between the perovskite solar cell module and Embodiment 1 is that the thickness of the first encapsulating adhesive layer, i.e. the silicone layer, is 150 μm, while the structure and parameters of the remaining layers are consistent with those of Embodiment 1.

[0105] The difference between the preparation method and Example 1 is that in step (1), the visible light transmittance of the liquid silicone is 95% and the viscosity is 50000 mPa·s. In step (2), during the lamination process, a vacuum treatment is first performed for 15 minutes until the vacuum degree of the space is 50 Pa. Then, the lamination is performed and encapsulated for 20 minutes at a lamination temperature of 75°C and a lamination pressure of 45 kPa. The remaining preparation methods and parameters are consistent with those of Example 1.

[0106] Example 4

[0107] This embodiment provides a perovskite solar cell module and its preparation method. The structure and parameters of the perovskite solar cell module are consistent with those in Embodiment 1.

[0108] The difference between the preparation method described above and Example 1 is that the viscosity of the liquid silicone is 55000 mPa·s, while the rest of the preparation method and parameters remain the same as in Example 1.

[0109] Example 5

[0110] This embodiment provides a perovskite solar cell module and its preparation method. The structure and parameters of the perovskite solar cell module are consistent with those in Embodiment 1.

[0111] The difference between the preparation method described herein and Example 1 is that the viscosity of the liquid silicone is 9500 mPa·s, while the rest of the preparation method and parameters remain the same as in Example 1.

[0112] Comparative Example 1

[0113] This comparative example provides a perovskite solar cell module and its preparation method. The difference between the perovskite solar cell module and Example 1 is that the material of the silicone layer is replaced with the commercially available solid POE film 1, while the structure and parameters of the remaining layers are consistent with those of Example 1.

[0114] The difference between the preparation method and Example 1 is that in step (1), the liquid silicone is replaced with a commercially available solid POE film 1, and the commercially available solid POE film 1 is directly applied to the surface of the ITO second transparent conductive substrate in the perovskite solar cell module. In the lamination process of step (2), a vacuum treatment is first performed for 10 minutes until the vacuum degree of the space is 40 Pa. Then, the lamination is performed at a lamination temperature of 90°C and a lamination pressure of 60 kPa for 10 minutes. The rest of the preparation methods and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0115] The commercially available solid POE film in Comparative Example 1 was laminated at 90°C and then removed. It was observed that there was no bonding to achieve encapsulation, so no further performance testing was conducted.

[0116] Comparative Example 2

[0117] This comparative example provides a perovskite solar cell module and its preparation method. The difference between the perovskite solar cell module and Example 1 is that the material of the silicone layer is replaced with the above-mentioned commercially available solid POE film 2 with a thickness of 200 μm, while the structure and parameters of the remaining layers are consistent with those of Example 1.

[0118] The difference between the preparation method and Example 1 is that in step (1), the liquid silicone is replaced with a commercially available solid POE film 2, and the commercially available solid POE film 2 is directly applied to the surface of the ITO second transparent conductive substrate in the perovskite solar cell module. In the lamination process of step (2), a vacuum treatment is first performed for 10 minutes until the vacuum degree of the space is 40 Pa. Then, the lamination is performed at a lamination temperature of 120°C and a lamination pressure of 60 kPa for 10 minutes. The rest of the preparation methods and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0119] The perovskite solar cell modules prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Example 2 were subjected to performance tests. Specific test items are as follows: 1) DH1000 (1000h damp heat) test: The perovskite solar cell modules were placed in a high-temperature, high-humidity environment (temperature: 85℃, humidity: 85RH) for 1000 hours. After the test, the power degradation of the modules was measured. 2) Wet leakage test: The perovskite solar cell modules were immersed in a bath containing the required solution (temperature 22±2℃, resistivity ≤3500Ω·cm). The voltage applied by the test equipment was increased at a rate not exceeding 500V / s to 500V or the maximum system voltage of the module, whichever is greater. The voltage was maintained at this level for 2 minutes, and then the insulation resistance was determined. 3) Efficiency results: The perovskite modules were tested at 1000W / m². 2After generating electricity for 5 minutes at an irradiance of Mppt and stabilizing, an IV backscan test was performed to obtain the power generation efficiency data. The specific test results are shown in Table 2.

[0120] Table 2

[0121]

[0122] Note: " / " indicates that lamination was unsuccessful and the corresponding test could not be performed.

[0123] The test results show that:

[0124] (1) As can be seen from Examples 1 to 3, the liquid silicone used in this invention can achieve curing under ultra-low temperature conditions, and the curing under ultra-low temperature conditions can still provide excellent encapsulation effect, thus it can replace high temperature lamination curing, thus avoiding irreversible damage to the perovskite light-absorbing layer caused by high temperature curing. Specifically, the relative power attenuation after DH1000 is 3.38% to 4.43%, the insulation resistance of wet leakage test is 558MΩ to 667MΩ, and the average conversion efficiency is 17.5% to 17.6%. All of them have passed the corresponding tests and are qualified products.

[0125] (2) As can be seen from Examples 4-5, the viscosity of the liquid silicone used in this invention is controlled to be between 10000 mPa·s and 50000 mPa·s, which ensures that the coating operation is of moderate difficulty, the coating is more uniform, the subsequent lamination time is shorter, and the lamination effect is better. If the viscosity of the liquid silicone is too low, the fluidity is too high, which is not conducive to the lamination of the perovskite module, the encapsulation effect is reduced, and the relative power attenuation after DH1000 is relatively high; if the viscosity of the liquid silicone is too high, complete lamination cannot be achieved under the same lamination time, which will have a greater impact on the insulation resistance of the wet leakage current test.

[0126] (3) As can be seen from Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, at the low lamination temperature (90°C) of the present invention, it is impossible to encapsulate using traditional POE solid film. Comparative Example 1 cannot achieve the encapsulation effect at all. However, the liquid silicone used in the present invention can achieve excellent encapsulation effect at low lamination temperature.

[0127] (4) As can be seen from Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, the conventional POE solid film was used for encapsulation at a temperature of 140°C. The resulting perovskite solar cell module had a relative power decay of 4.89% after DH1000 and a wet leakage current test insulation resistance of 545MΩ. Although it could also pass the corresponding test (test standard: relative power decay of less than 5% after DH1000 and wet leakage current test insulation resistance greater than 80MΩ), its corresponding relative power decay was higher and wet leakage current test insulation resistance was lower. This indicates that the encapsulation effect of the conventional POE solid film at a high temperature of 140°C is worse and the stability is lower than that of the liquid silicone of the present invention at a low lamination temperature of 90°C.

[0128] In summary, the first encapsulating adhesive layer of the present invention comprises liquid silicone rubber, which allows the first encapsulating adhesive layer obtained after lamination and cooling to have a small modulus, exerting almost no stress on the perovskite solar cell module and having no impact on its performance. This can thus protect the perovskite light-absorbing layer and prevent damage to it. Furthermore, the use of liquid silicone rubber enables lamination and curing under ultra-low temperature conditions, and lamination and curing under ultra-low temperature conditions still provides excellent encapsulation effects. This can replace high-temperature lamination and curing, avoiding irreversible damage to the perovskite light-absorbing layer caused by high-temperature curing.

[0129] The applicant declares that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention fall within the protection and disclosure scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell module, characterized by, The perovskite solar cell module includes: Substrate, including the first surface of the substrate; A perovskite solar cell module is stacked on a first region of the first surface of the substrate; The first encapsulating adhesive layer is stacked with the perovskite solar cell module. The first encapsulating adhesive layer is made of liquid silicone. The first encapsulating adhesive layer is obtained by cross-linking reaction of the first encapsulating adhesive. The second encapsulating adhesive layer is disposed around the perovskite solar cell module and the first encapsulating adhesive layer, and is sealed to the second region of the first surface of the substrate. A cover plate, which is stacked on top of the first encapsulating adhesive layer and is sealed to both the first encapsulating adhesive layer and the second encapsulating adhesive layer.

2. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized by, The first encapsulating adhesive layer is obtained by curing the liquid silicone.

3. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The visible light transmittance of the liquid silicone is ≥95%.

4. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The viscosity of the liquid silicone is 10000 mPa·s to 50000 mPa·s. 5.The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lamination stabilization temperature of the liquid silicone is 23℃~160℃.

6. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the first encapsulating adhesive layer is 100μm~200μm.

7. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lamination stabilization temperature of the second encapsulating adhesive used in the second encapsulating layer is 23℃~160℃. 8.The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second encapsulating adhesive includes butyl rubber. 9.The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein The perovskite solar cell module includes: First transparent conductive layer; A first carrier transport layer is stacked on the side of the first transparent conductive layer away from the substrate; A perovskite light-absorbing layer is stacked on the side of the first carrier transport layer away from the first transparent conductive layer. The second carrier transport layer is stacked on the side of the perovskite light-absorbing layer away from the first carrier transport layer; A second transparent conductive layer is stacked on the side of the second carrier transport layer away from the perovskite light-absorbing layer.

10. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 9, characterized in that, The second transparent conductive layer includes at least one set of electrodes symmetrically arranged, one end of the electrodes being connected to the second transparent conductive layer, and the other end of the electrodes extending beyond the second encapsulating adhesive layer.

11. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 9, characterized in that, The first carrier transport layer includes a hole transport layer, and the second carrier transport layer includes an electron transport layer; or, the first carrier transport layer includes an electron transport layer, and the second carrier transport layer includes a hole transport layer.

12. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planes on the same side of the outer wall of the second encapsulating adhesive layer, the plane around the cover plate, and the plane around the base are all aligned.

13. A method of manufacturing a perovskite solar cell module, characterized by, The preparation method includes: S1. Provide a substrate, including a first surface of the substrate; S2. A perovskite solar cell module is stacked in a first region on the first surface of the substrate; S3. The perovskite solar cell module and the cover plate are laminated together using the first encapsulating adhesive to form the first encapsulating adhesive layer to be laminated. The second encapsulating adhesive is disposed around the periphery of the perovskite solar cell module and the periphery of the first encapsulating adhesive layer to be laminated, and is also disposed in the second region of the first surface of the substrate to form the second encapsulating adhesive layer, thereby obtaining the perovskite solar cell module to be laminated. Alternatively, a second encapsulating adhesive is used to surround the perovskite solar cell module and also to a second region on the first surface of the substrate to form a second encapsulating adhesive layer. The perovskite solar cell module and the cover plate are laminated and bonded together using the first encapsulating adhesive to form a first encapsulating adhesive layer to be laminated. The second encapsulating adhesive layer contacts the cover plate and surrounds the first encapsulating adhesive layer to be laminated to obtain the perovskite solar cell module to be laminated. The first encapsulating adhesive includes liquid silicone. S4. The perovskite solar cell module to be laminated is laminated and encapsulated, and the first encapsulating adhesive undergoes a cross-linking reaction to form a first encapsulating adhesive layer, thereby obtaining the perovskite solar cell module.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein, The visible light transmittance of the liquid silicone is ≥95%.

15. The preparation method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The viscosity of the liquid silicone is 10000 mPa·s to 50000 mPa·s.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein, The lamination stabilization temperature of the liquid silicone is 23℃~160℃.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein, The lamination stabilization temperature of the second encapsulating adhesive is 23℃~160℃.

18. The method of claim 13, wherein, The second encapsulating adhesive includes butyl rubber.

19. The method of claim 13, wherein, During the lamination and encapsulation process of the perovskite solar cell module to be laminated, the lamination and encapsulation temperature is 23℃~90℃.

20. The method of claim 13, wherein, During the lamination and encapsulation process of the perovskite solar cell module to be laminated, the lamination and encapsulation time is 5 min to 60 min.

21. The method of claim 13, wherein, During the lamination and encapsulation process of the perovskite solar cell module to be laminated, the lamination and encapsulation pressure is 30 kPa to 60 kPa.

22. The method of claim 13, wherein, Before laminating and encapsulating the perovskite solar cell module to be laminated, the process also includes a step of evacuating the space containing the perovskite solar cell module to be laminated.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein, The vacuuming time is 6 min to 15 min.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein, The vacuum level in the space is evacuated to <100 Pa.

25. A perovskite-silicon tandem solar cell module, characterized in that, The perovskite-silicon tandem solar cell includes a crystalline silicon bottom cell and a perovskite solar top cell assembly stacked together. The perovskite solar roof cell module includes the perovskite solar cell module as described in any one of claims 1 to 12, or the perovskite solar cell module prepared by the preparation method as described in any one of claims 13 to 24.

26. A photovoltaic system, characterized in that, The photovoltaic system includes the perovskite-silicon tandem solar cell module as described in claim 25.

Images