Solar cell module, photovoltaic module, and electric device

Abstract

This application provides a solar cell module, a photovoltaic module, and an electrical device, relating to the photovoltaic field. The solar cell module includes a solar cell, a backsheet, and a waterproof layer. The solar cell is electrically connected to a current-conducting strip, which has an outlet end. The backsheet is located on the back side of the solar cell and has lead holes corresponding to the outlet ends. The waterproof layer has interconnected filling and connecting portions. The filling portion fills and seals the lead holes, and the outlet ends pass through the filling portion and exit the lead holes. The connecting portion surrounds the filling portion and is sandwiched between the solar cell and the backsheet. This improves the waterproof capability at the lead holes and also enhances the reliability of the waterproof layer.

Description

Solar cell modules, photovoltaic modules and electrical devices Cross-references

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202420242014.3, filed on January 31, 2024, entitled “Solar Cell Module, Photovoltaic Module and Electrical Device,” the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the photovoltaic field, and more specifically, to a solar cell assembly, a photovoltaic assembly, and an electrical device. Background Art

[0003] A lead hole for the guide bar to pass through is provided on the back plate of the solar cell assembly. The guide bar passes through the lead hole and is connected to the junction box.

[0004] However, water vapor can easily enter the interior of the solar cell module through the lead holes, causing water vapor corrosion to the cells, thereby affecting the output power of the solar cell module. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a solar cell module, a photovoltaic module and an electrical device, which can improve the technical problem that the output power of the solar cell module is affected by water vapor corrosion caused by the setting of lead holes.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell assembly, which includes a solar cell, a backsheet, and a waterproof layer.

[0007] The solar cell assembly includes a solar cell, a backsheet, and a waterproof layer. The solar cell is electrically connected to a current guide bar with a lead-out terminal. The backsheet is located on the back of the solar cell and is provided with lead holes corresponding to the lead-out terminals. The waterproof layer has a filling portion and a connecting portion that are interconnected. The filling portion fills and seals the lead hole, and the lead-out terminal passes through the filling portion and out of the lead hole. The connecting portion is arranged circumferentially around the filling portion and sandwiched between the solar cell and the backsheet.

[0008] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, a waterproof layer is provided with a filling portion and a connecting portion that are interconnected. The filling portion fills the lead hole and seals the lead hole, and the connecting portion is arranged around the filling portion and clamped between the solar cell and the back panel. On the one hand, the waterproof layer is arranged inside the solar cell module, which can not only complete the hole plugging operation during the hot pressing process, but also the connecting portion is arranged around the filling portion and stably clamped between the solar cell and the back panel, which is beneficial to rigidly constrain the waterproof layer, making the connection between the waterproof layer and the back panel and the solar cell more tight, avoiding the risk of failure of the waterproof layer, and further improving the water and oxygen stability of the device. On the other hand, since water vapor is discharged from the inside to the outside during the hot pressing process, it is beneficial to reduce the inevitable residual water vapor in the solar cell module after packaging, etc., and improve the stability of the connection interface.

[0009] In some embodiments, the water vapor transmission rate of the waterproof layer is less than 0.1 g / m 2 *d. The water vapor transmission rate of the waterproof layer is less than 0.1g / m 2 *d, which can effectively improve the waterproof ability of the lead holes of the solar cell module, thereby reducing the impact on the output power of the solar cell module.

[0010] In some embodiments, the water vapor permeability of the waterproof layer is 0.01-0.05 g / m 2 *d. Using a waterproof layer with a water vapor transmission rate within the above range can effectively improve the waterproof capability of the lead holes of the solar cell module, thereby reducing the impact on the output power of the solar cell module.

[0011] In some embodiments, the waterproof layer is made of at least one of rubber, silicone, silicone mixture, silicone rubber, or rubber mixture. These materials are readily available, have low water vapor transmission rates, and exhibit excellent water barrier properties.

[0012] In some embodiments, the waterproof layer is made of butyl rubber. Butyl rubber has excellent durability and good water-insulating properties, which helps to permanently improve the waterproof capability of the lead hole of the solar cell module, thereby reducing the impact on the output power of the solar cell module.

[0013] In some embodiments, the waterproof layer is bonded between the solar cells and the backsheet. This bonding prevents displacement of the waterproof layer during lamination, improves structural stability among the waterproof layer, solar cells, and backsheet, and enhances water resistance.

[0014] In some embodiments, the area of ​​the waterproof layer is smaller than the area of ​​the back plate, which improves the waterproof capability of the lead hole and helps reduce the manufacturing cost.

[0015] In some embodiments, the ratio of the area of ​​the waterproof layer to the area of ​​the back plate is 1:20-1:100, which improves the waterproof capability of the lead hole and helps reduce the production cost.

[0016] In some embodiments, a junction box is provided on the side of the backsheet facing away from the solar cells. The current guide bar is electrically connected to the junction box, and the orthographic projection of the waterproof layer on the backsheet is located within the orthographic projection of the junction box on the backsheet. This improves the waterproofing capability at the lead holes, reduces manufacturing costs, and enhances the aesthetics of the solar cell module.

[0017] In some embodiments, the solar cell assembly further includes a backside encapsulation film positioned between the backsheet and the solar cells; wherein the waterproof layer is positioned between the solar cells and the backside encapsulation film, and / or the waterproof layer is positioned between the backsheet and the backside encapsulation film. The backside encapsulation film can provide mechanical buffering protection for the solar cells and support the waterproof layer against the backsheet and solar cells.

[0018] In some embodiments, the solar cell is a perovskite solar cell.

[0019] In some embodiments, the solar cell assembly includes a transparent panel, which is located on the front side of the solar cell. The transparent panel is used to further encapsulate the front side of the solar cell to inhibit or isolate water vapor from entering.

[0020] In some embodiments, a sealant is further included, surrounding the solar cells and being laminated and bonded to the transparent panel and backsheet to form a sealed space for accommodating the solar cells, effectively encapsulating the solar cell assembly to inhibit or isolate it from moisture intrusion.

[0021] In a second aspect, the present application provides a photovoltaic assembly comprising a plurality of electrically connected solar cell assemblies according to the above embodiments.

[0022] In a third aspect, the present application provides an electrical device, which includes the solar cell assembly or photovoltaic assembly provided in the above embodiments, and the solar cell assembly and photovoltaic assembly are used to provide electrical energy to the electrical device.

[0023] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiment below. The accompanying drawings are for illustration purposes only and are not to be considered as limiting the present application. The same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to represent the same components. In the drawings:

[0025] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the waterproof layer and the back plate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0029] icon:

[0030] 1000-solar cell modules;

[0031] 11-Solar cell; 14-Back encapsulation film; 15-Waterproof layer; 16-Back sheet; 17-Guide strip; 18-Junction box; 19-Seal;

[0032] 151-filling portion; 153-connecting portion; 161-lead hole; 171-lead end;

[0033] 111 - transparent conductive glass substrate; 112 - hole transport layer; 113 - perovskite light absorption layer; 114 - electron transport layer; 115 - metal fluoride layer; 116 - electrode layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application and are therefore only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0035] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0036] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the quantity, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0037] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0038] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is simply a description of the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the following three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0039] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0040] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0041] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, technical terms such as "installed," "connected," "connected," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; internal connections between two components or interactions between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application based on specific circumstances.

[0042] Solar cells, as green energy sources, are currently seeing increasing market adoption. They are not only used in photovoltaic modules like solar power plants but are also increasingly being incorporated into electrical devices like electric vehicles. As the application of solar cells continues to expand, market demand is also growing.

[0043] Solar cells are susceptible to corrosion and damage when exposed to moisture, resulting in loss of functionality and significant degradation of module performance. Therefore, encapsulation to isolate solar cell modules from moisture is particularly important. Existing solar cell modules have lead holes on their back panels for guide bars to pass through. These lead bars then connect to the junction box. However, moisture can easily enter the solar cell module through these holes, corroding the solar cells and affecting their output power.

[0044] In order to solve the above problems, the solar cells and backplane are usually assembled and hot-pressed (also known as lamination), and then glue is injected from the outside of the backplane into the lead holes and solidified to form a sealing glue layer to seal the lead holes. However, the above operation has the following problems: 1. Glue injection can only fill the lead holes; 2. Since the glue injection method is from the outside to the inside, there may be pores at the connection interface between the sealing glue layer and the hole wall of the lead hole due to untimely air removal, affecting the stability of the connection interface, or water vapor cannot be completely removed during the sealing process, and there is residue; 3. The sealing glue layer is only combined with the hole wall of the lead hole by bonding force, and it is easily affected by external stress and falls off or shifts, affecting the sealing effect and resulting in poor durability.

[0045] Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a solar cell assembly, which includes a solar cell, a back sheet and a waterproof layer.

[0046] Among them, the solar cell is electrically connected to a guide bar, which has a lead-out end; the back plate is located on the back of the solar cell, and the back plate is provided with lead holes corresponding to the lead-out ends; the waterproof layer has a filling part and a connecting part that are connected to each other, the filling part fills the lead hole and seals the lead hole, the lead end passes through the lead hole through the filling part, and the connecting part is arranged around the filling part and clamped between the solar cell and the back plate.

[0047] The present application adopts a setting method in which the waterproof layer has a filling part and a connecting part that are interconnected. The filling part fills the lead hole and seals the lead hole, and the connecting part is arranged around the filling part and clamped between the solar cell and the back plate. On the one hand, the waterproof layer is arranged inside the solar cell module, which can not only complete the hole plugging operation during the hot pressing process, but also the connecting part is arranged around the filling part and stably clamped between the solar cell and the back plate, which is conducive to rigidly constraining the waterproof layer, making the connection between the waterproof layer and the back plate and solar cell tighter, avoiding the risk of failure of the waterproof layer, and further improving the water and oxygen stability of the device. On the other hand, since water vapor is discharged from the inside to the outside during the hot pressing process, it is conducive to reducing the inevitable residual water vapor in the solar cell module after packaging, etc., and improving the stability of the connection interface.

[0048] Hereinafter, the technical solution of the present application will be exemplarily described with reference to embodiments.

[0049] Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , according to some embodiments of the present application, a solar cell assembly 1000 includes a solar cell 11 , a back sheet 16 , and a waterproof layer 15 .

[0050] Among them, the solar cell 11 is electrically connected to a guide bar 17, which has a lead end 171; the back plate 16 is located on the back of the solar cell 11, and the back plate 16 is provided with a lead hole 161 corresponding to the lead end 171; the waterproof layer 15 has a filling portion 151 and a connecting portion 153 that are connected to each other, the filling portion 151 fills in the lead hole 161 and seals the lead hole 161, and the lead end 171 passes through the lead hole 161 through the filling portion 151, and the connecting portion 153 is arranged around the filling portion 151 and clamped between the solar cell 11 and the back plate 16.

[0051] The solar cell 11 can be, but is not limited to, a monocrystalline silicon solar cell, a polycrystalline silicon solar cell, or a perovskite solar cell. It is understood that the solar cell 11 has a front side and a back side. The front side is the side of the solar cell 11 facing sunlight when the solar cell assembly 1000 is operating normally, and the back side is the side of the solar cell 11 facing away from sunlight when the solar cell assembly 1000 is operating normally.

[0052] The guide bars 17 can be made of a conductive metal, including but not limited to copper strips, aluminum strips, etc. The guide bars 17 include a positive electrode guide bar and a negative electrode guide bar. The positive electrode guide bar is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the solar cell 11, and the negative electrode guide bar is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the solar cell 11 to output electrical energy.

[0053] Backsheet 16 refers to the panel that faces away from sunlight during normal operation of solar cell module 1000. Backsheet 16 is located on the backside of solar cell 11 to encapsulate the backside of solar cell 11 and prevent moisture from entering. Backsheet 16 includes, but is not limited to, a glass panel, a metal composite panel, a composite polymer panel containing a metal film layer, or a composite polymer panel containing an inorganic non-metallic film layer. Each of these backsheets 16 has excellent moisture barrier properties. Exemplarily, the backsheet is a transparent glass panel.

[0054] Lead holes 161 in backsheet 16 provide a passage for guide bar 17 to extend outside solar cell module 1000. Lead ends 171 pass through filler portion 151 and out of lead holes 161, meaning that filler portion 151 has an encapsulation surface facing away from solar cell 11, and lead ends 171 pass through filler portion 151 and extend out of the encapsulation surface.

[0055] The waterproof layer 15 is a member having a certain water-blocking capability.

[0056] It can be understood that, since the filling portion 151 and the connecting portion 153 are integrally formed, the filling portion 151 fills the lead hole 161 and seals the lead hole 161, and the connecting portion 153 is arranged around the filling portion 151 and sandwiched between the solar cell 11 and the back sheet 16. Therefore, in the actual preparation process, the waterproof layer 15 is located between the solar cell 11 and the back sheet 16, and the lead hole 161 is located in the waterproof layer 15 along the positive projection of the stacking direction of the solar cell 11 and the back sheet 16. Therefore, during the hot pressing process, part of the waterproof layer 15 can be filled in the lead hole 161 under the action of the hot pressure and the lead hole 161 is sealed to form Filling portion 151 and the remaining waterproof layer 15 are stably sandwiched between solar cells 11 and backsheet 16. Compared to the method of glue injection and sealing after lamination, this method has the following advantages: 1. The connection portion 153 is sandwiched between solar cells 11 and backsheet 16, effectively improving the stability of waterproof layer 15, preventing interface detachment, enhancing water resistance, and effectively fixing guide strip 17. 2. Even if water vapor enters the interior of solar cell module 1000 through lead hole 161, the integral formation of filling portion 151 and connection portion 153 effectively prolongs the path for water vapor to enter the interior of solar cell module 1000, improving water resistance. 3. The use of heat and pressure to remove air and water vapor from the inside out helps reduce the inevitable residual water vapor in the solar cell module after packaging.

[0057] It can be understood that the connecting portion 153 is sandwiched between the solar cell 11 and the back panel 16, which means that the connecting portion 153 can directly contact the solar cell 11 and the back panel 16, or other layer structures can be added. For example, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, in addition to the connecting portion 153, a back side packaging film 14 is also sandwiched between the solar cell 11 and the back panel 16, and the solar cell 11, the connecting portion 153, the back side packaging film 14, and the back panel 16 are arranged in a stacked manner.

[0058] In summary, the solar cell assembly 1000 provided in the present application adopts a waterproof layer 15 having a filling portion 151 and a connecting portion 153 that are interconnected. The filling portion 151 fills the lead hole 161 and seals the lead hole 161, and the connecting portion 153 is arranged around the filling portion 151 and clamped between the solar cell 11 and the back plate 16. On the one hand, the waterproof layer 15 is arranged inside the solar cell assembly 1000, which can not only complete the hole plugging operation during the hot pressing process, but also the connecting portion 153 is arranged around the filling portion 151 and stably clamped between the solar cell 11 and the back plate 16, which is conducive to rigidly constraining the waterproof layer 15, making the connection between the waterproof layer 15 and the back plate 16 and the solar cell 11 more firm, avoiding the risk of failure of the waterproof layer 15, and further improving the water and oxygen stability of the device. On the other hand, since water vapor is discharged from the inside to the outside during the hot pressing process, it is conducive to reducing the inevitable residual water vapor in the solar cell assembly 1000 after packaging, etc., and improving the stability of the connection interface.

[0059] That is, the solar cell assembly 1000 provided in the present application, through the introduction and setting position of the waterproof layer 15, not only improves the waterproof ability at the lead hole 161, but also improves the reliability of the waterproof layer 15, thereby reducing the impact on the output power of the solar cell assembly 1000.

[0060] Optionally, the filling portion 151 and the connecting portion 153 are integrally formed.

[0061] It is understandable that an insulating layer (not shown) is provided in the area where the guide bar 17 contacts the solar cell 11 and may cause a short circuit, so as to prevent the short circuit.

[0062] The number of the lead holes 161 is one or two.

[0063] When the number of the lead hole 161 is one, the positive electrode guide bar and the negative electrode guide bar are led out through the same lead hole 161 .

[0064] When there are two lead holes 161 , the two lead holes 161 are respectively provided corresponding to the positive electrode guide bar and the negative electrode guide bar, and the positive electrode guide bar and the negative electrode guide bar are respectively led out from the two corresponding lead holes 161 .

[0065] In addition to the above structural improvements, the waterproof capability of the lead hole 161 can be further improved by selecting relevant materials with excellent water-blocking properties.

[0066] According to some embodiments of the present application, the water vapor transmission rate of the waterproof layer 15 is less than 0.1 g / m 2 *d.

[0067] Water vapor transmission rate is a physical quantity that characterizes the water vapor barrier effect of the waterproof layer 15. The film can be tested using a water vapor transmission rate tester in accordance with GB / T 21529-2008.

[0068] The water vapor transmission rate of the waterproof layer 15 is less than 0.1g / m 2 *d, which can effectively improve the waterproof capability of the lead hole 161 of the solar cell module 1000, thereby reducing the impact on the output power of the solar cell module 1000.

[0069] According to some embodiments of the present application, the water vapor permeability of the waterproof layer 15 is 0.01-0.05 g / m 2 *d.

[0070] The water vapor permeability of the waterproof layer 15 is within the above range, which can effectively improve the waterproof capability of the lead holes of the solar cell module 1000 , thereby reducing the impact on the output power of the solar cell module 1000 .

[0071] For example, the water vapor permeability of the waterproof layer 15 is 0.01 g / m 2 *d, 0.02g / m 2 *d, 0.03g / m 2 *d, 0.04g / m 2 *d, or 0.05g / m 2 Any value in *d or between any two values.

[0072] According to some embodiments of the present application, the waterproof layer 15 is made of at least one of rubber, silicone, a silicone mixture, organic silicone rubber, or a rubber mixture.

[0073] The rubber includes but is not limited to polyisobutylene or butyl rubber, and those skilled in the art can select the rubber according to actual needs.

[0074] Rubber mixture refers to a mixture with rubber as the main material but doped with various additives, fillers, etc.

[0075] Silica gel mixture is a mixture with silica gel as the main material, but doped with various additives, fillers, etc.

[0076] The above materials are easy to obtain and have low water vapor permeability and good water barrier properties.

[0077] In addition to the materials shown above, the waterproof layer 15 can also be made of hybrid materials, as long as the required waterproof level can be achieved, and there is no specific limitation on this.

[0078] It is understood that the above materials are all existing materials. The present embodiment does not protect the components of the waterproof layer 15. The above structure only utilizes the characteristics of existing materials to achieve a waterproof effect. Those skilled in the art can flexibly select different materials to achieve corresponding waterproofing needs according to different usage requirements.

[0079] According to some embodiments of the present application, the waterproof layer 15 is made of butyl rubber.

[0080] Butyl rubber has good durability and good water-proof properties, which is beneficial for permanently improving the waterproof capability of the lead hole 161 of the solar cell module 1000, thereby reducing the impact on the output power of the solar cell module 1000.

[0081] It should be noted that the waterproof layer 15 can be directly sandwiched between the solar cell 11 and the back sheet 16 .

[0082] According to some embodiments of the present application, the waterproof layer 15 is bonded between the solar cells 11 and the back sheet 16. This bonding arrangement facilitates positioning of the waterproof layer 15 to prevent displacement during lamination. It also helps improve the structural stability of the waterproof layer 15, the solar cells 11, and the back sheet 16, thereby enhancing water resistance.

[0083] It can be understood that the waterproof layer 15 is bonded between the solar cell 11 and the back panel 16, which means that the waterproof layer 15 has bonding force, that is, the waterproof layer 15 is bonded between the solar cell 11 and the back panel 16, which means that the filling portion 151 is bonded to the hole wall of the lead hole 161, and the connecting portion 153 is bonded to the solar cell 11 and the back panel 16 respectively.

[0084] The waterproof layer 15 with adhesive force may be in the form of an adhesive strip, an adhesive tape, or an adhesive film formed by solidifying liquid adhesive, and there is no specific limitation on this.

[0085] Exemplarily, the waterproof layer 15 is made of butyl rubber strips, butyl rubber tapes, or a butyl rubber film formed by curing liquid butyl rubber.

[0086] Among them, since the waterproof layer 15 is arranged on the back of the solar cell 11, the arrangement of the waterproof layer 15 does not affect the absorption of sunlight by the solar cell 11. Therefore, the waterproof layer 15 can cover the entire back of the solar cell 11, or can be arranged only in a local area corresponding to the lead hole 161. As long as it can be achieved that after lamination, the waterproof layer 15 has a filling portion 151 that can fill in and seal the lead hole 161, and a connecting portion 153 that is circumferentially arranged around the filling portion 151 and clamped between the solar cell 11 and the backplane 16.

[0087] As shown in FIG. 3 , according to some embodiments of the present application, the area of ​​the waterproof layer 15 is smaller than the area of ​​the back plate 16 .

[0088] That is, the waterproof layer 15 is disposed in a local area corresponding to the lead hole 161 rather than covering the entire back surface of the solar cell 11 .

[0089] The above arrangement not only improves the waterproof capability of the lead hole 161 of the solar cell assembly 1000 , but also helps reduce the manufacturing cost.

[0090] According to some embodiments of the present application, the ratio of the area of ​​the waterproof layer 15 to the area of ​​the back plate 16 is 1:20-1:100.

[0091] Within the above range, the waterproof capability of the lead hole 161 of the solar cell module 1000 is improved while the manufacturing cost is reduced.

[0092] Illustratively, the ratio of the area of ​​the waterproof layer 15 to the area of ​​the back plate 16 is any value of 1:20, 1:30, 1:40, 1:50, 1:60, 1:70, 1:80, 1:90 or 1:100, or between any two values.

[0093] As shown in FIG4 , according to some embodiments of the present application, a junction box 18 is provided on the side of the backsheet 16 facing away from the solar cell 11, the guide bar 17 is electrically connected to the junction box 18, and the orthographic projection of the waterproof layer 15 on the backsheet 16 is located within the orthographic projection of the junction box 18 on the backsheet 16. The junction box 18 is used to connect the solar cell assembly 1000 to an external electrical device. The junction box 18 has a positive terminal and a negative terminal. The positive terminal is used to electrically connect to the positive guide bar, and the negative terminal is electrically connected to the negative guide bar. The electrical connection method is, for example, welding. The junction box 18 can be connected to the backsheet 16 by bonding. During actual use, the junction box 18 can be filled with liquid glue, such as silicone gel, to form a water-resistant filling layer after the liquid glue is completely cured.

[0094] It can be understood that the position of the junction box 18 corresponds to the lead hole 161, and the orthographic projection of the waterproof layer 15 on the back plate 16 is located within the orthographic projection of the junction box 18 on the back plate 16, which means that the orthographic projection area of ​​the junction box 18 on the back plate 16 is greater than or equal to the orthographic projection area of ​​the waterproof layer 15 on the back plate 16.

[0095] By positioning the orthographic projection of the waterproof layer 15 on the back plate 16 within the orthographic projection of the junction box 18 on the back plate 16, on the one hand, the waterproof capability of the lead hole 161 of the solar cell module 1000 is improved, thereby reducing the production cost; on the other hand, the waterproof layer 15 can be shielded by the junction box 18, thereby improving the aesthetics of the solar cell module 1000.

[0096] It should be noted that the back panel 16 and the solar cell 11 can only be provided with a waterproof layer 15. In this case, in order to fill the filling part 151 in the lead hole 161 after lamination and seal the lead hole 161, the thickness of the filling part 151 before lamination can be appropriately thickened.

[0097] In addition to the above-mentioned configuration, referring to FIG1 , FIG2 and FIG4 , according to some embodiments of the present application, the solar cell assembly 1000 further includes a back-side encapsulation film 14 located between the backboard 16 and the solar cell 11; wherein, as shown in FIG1 , the waterproof layer 15 is located between the solar cell 11 and the back-side encapsulation film 14, and / or, as shown in FIG2 , the waterproof layer 15 is located between the backboard 16 and the back-side encapsulation film 14.

[0098] The backside encapsulation film 14 can provide mechanical buffering protection for the solar cell 11 and provide support force between the waterproof layer 15 and the back panel 16 and the solar cell 11. The backside encapsulation film 14 has adhesive properties and can also improve the connection stability between it and the waterproof layer 15, the solar cell and the back panel 16.

[0099] The back encapsulation film 14 can be ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer film (EVA film), polyvinyl butyral film (PVB film), thermoplastic polyurethane film (TPU film), polydimethylsiloxane film (PDMS film), polyolefin elastomer film (POE film), ionomer ethylene copolymer film, etc.

[0100] Optionally, as shown in FIG. 2 , the waterproof layer 15 is located between the back plate 16 and the back packaging film 14 .

[0101] The above arrangement facilitates that the waterproof layer 15 is directly filled into the lead hole 161 and seals the lead hole 161 after lamination, thereby effectively blocking water vapor in a timely manner and achieving a better water-blocking effect.

[0102] According to some embodiments of the present application, the solar cell 11 is a perovskite solar cell.

[0103] In perovskite solar cells, the light-absorbing layer is mainly composed of perovskite materials. When exposed to sunlight, the perovskite layer first absorbs photons to generate electron-hole pairs (excitons). Under the action of the pn junction electric field, the excitons are first separated into electrons and holes and transported to the cathode and anode respectively. Photogenerated holes flow to the p region, and photogenerated electrons flow to the n region. When the circuit is connected, current is generated.

[0104] Among them, perovskite solar cells usually include functional layers such as a transparent substrate layer, a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer 113, a second carrier transport layer and an electrode layer 116. Any one of the first carrier transport layer and the second carrier transport layer is a hole transport layer 112, and the other layer is an electron transport layer 114. Among them, in the perovskite solar cell, corresponding modification layers can be inserted between layers.

[0105] The transparent conductive substrate includes but is not limited to the following materials: FTO, ITO, AZO, BZO or IZO.

[0106] The chemical formula of the perovskite light absorbing layer 113 satisfies ABX3 or A2CDX6, wherein A is an inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic mixed cation, including but not limited to the following materials: methylamino (CH3NH 3+ ), carbamimidyl (HC(NH2) 2+ ), cesium ions (Cs + ) and rubidium (Rb + ) etc.; B is an inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic mixed cation, including but not limited to the following materials: divalent metal ion Pb 2+ and tin Sn2 + At least one of the following; C is an inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic mixed cation, including but not limited to the following materials: monovalent metal ion Ag + etc.; D is an inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic mixed cation, including but not limited to the following materials: trivalent metal ion Bi 3+ etc.; X is an inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic mixed anion, including but not limited to at least one of the following materials: chloride ion (Cl - ), bromide ion (Br - ), iodide ion (I - )wait.

[0107] Exemplarily, the perovskite layer has a band gap of 1.20-2.30 eV and a thickness of 200-1000 nm.

[0108] The electron transport layer 114 is made of at least one of the following materials and their derivatives and materials obtained by doping or passivation: [6,6]-phenyl C 61 Methyl butyrate (PC 61 BM), [6,6]-phenyl C71 Methyl butyrate (PC 71 BM), fullerene C60 (C60), fullerene C70 (C70), tin dioxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), etc.

[0109] The hole transport layer 112 is at least one of the following materials and their derivatives and materials obtained by doping or passivation: poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA), 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT), triphenylamine with triptycene as the core (H101), 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-methoxytriphenylamine (EDOT-OMeTPA), N-(4-phenylamino)carbazole-spirobifluorene (CzPAF-SBF), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), polythiophene, nickel oxide (NiOx), molybdenum oxide (MoO3), cuprous iodide (CuI), cuprous oxide (CuO), etc.

[0110] The material of the electrode layer 116 is an organic, inorganic, or organic-inorganic hybrid conductive material, including but not limited to at least one of the following materials: Ag, Cu, C, Au, Al, ITO, AZO, BZO, IZO, etc.

[0111] For example, as shown in FIG4 , when the solar cell 11 is a perovskite solar cell, the structure of the perovskite solar cell is: a transparent conductive glass substrate 111, a metal fluoride layer 115, an electron transport layer 114, a perovskite light absorbing layer 113, a hole transport layer 112 and an electrode layer 116 stacked in sequence; or, the structure of the perovskite solar cell is: a transparent conductive glass substrate 111, a hole transport layer 112, a perovskite light absorbing layer 113, an electron transport layer 114, a metal fluoride layer 115 and an electrode layer 116 stacked in sequence, wherein the electrode layer 116 is a metal electrode or a transparent conductive electrode, and corresponding modification layers can be inserted between the layers.

[0112] The material of the metal fluoride layer 115 includes but is not limited to lithium fluoride, and those skilled in the art can select the material according to actual needs.

[0113] According to some embodiments of the present application, the solar cell assembly 1000 includes a transparent panel, which is located on the front side of the solar cell 11 .

[0114] The transparent panel is advantageous for further encapsulating the front surface of the solar cell 11 to suppress or isolate the intrusion of water vapor.

[0115] It should be noted that, when the solar cell 11 is a perovskite solar cell, the transparent panel may be a transparent substrate layer of the perovskite solar cell itself as shown in FIG. 4 , or may be an additional transparent panel.

[0116] It is understandable that when the transparent panel is not the transparent substrate layer of the perovskite solar cell itself, but an additional transparent panel, the solar cell assembly 1000 may also be provided with a front encapsulation film (not shown) between the transparent panel and the solar cell 11, and the front encapsulation film is bonded between the transparent panel and the solar cell 11. In this case, the front encapsulation film can be used to provide mechanical buffering protection for the solar cell 11 and improve its stability with the solar cell and the transparent panel.

[0117] The front encapsulation film can be ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer film (EVA film), polyvinyl butyral film (PVB film), thermoplastic polyurethane film (TPU film), polydimethylsiloxane film (PDMS film), polyolefin elastomer film (POE film), ionomer ethylene copolymer film, etc.

[0118] Please refer to Figure 4. According to some embodiments of the present application, the solar cell assembly 1000 further includes a seal 19. The seal 19 surrounds the solar cell 11. The seal 19 is laminated and bonded to the transparent panel and the back plate 16 to form a sealed space for accommodating the solar cell 11.

[0119] Through the above arrangement, the solar module is effectively encapsulated to inhibit or isolate the intrusion of water vapor.

[0120] The sealing member 19 is bonded to the four sides of the solar cell 11 . The bonding method can improve the connection stability between the sealing member 19 and other components and is also helpful in avoiding displacement during lamination.

[0121] The water vapor transmission rate of the sealing member 19 can refer to the waterproof layer 15. The material of the sealing member 19 is rubber, silicone or organic silicone rubber.

[0122] Exemplarily, the sealing member 19 is a butyl rubber strip or tape.

[0123] It should be noted that the solar cell assembly 1000 in the embodiment of the present application may further include components such as a frame, and relevant settings may be made according to specific usage conditions, which will not be elaborated herein.

[0124] For example, referring to FIG. 2 , FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , the waterproof layer 15 is located between the back sheet 16 and the back encapsulation film 14 . The method for preparing the solar cell assembly 1000 includes:

[0125] The solar cell 11 is grown or placed on a transparent panel. An insulating layer (not shown) is provided in the area where the solar cell 11 and the guide bar 17 may contact and cause a short circuit. The guide bar 17 is then welded to the solar cell 11 to achieve electrical connection. A sealant 19 is then affixed around the solar cell 11, leaving space for glue overflow. A back encapsulation film 14 is then laid on the front of the solar cell 11. The back encapsulation film 14 has a through hole for the guide bar 17 to extend out. A waterproof layer 15 is then bonded to the surface of the back encapsulation film 14, and the lead end 171 of the guide bar 17 extends out of the waterproof layer 15. Next, a backsheet 16 having a lead hole 161 is laid on the side of the waterproof layer 15 facing away from the back packaging film 14, and the lead end 171 extends out of the backsheet 16 from the lead hole 161. Subsequently, the backsheet 16 is placed in a laminator for hot pressing, so that the waterproof layer 15 is squeezed by the solar cell 11 and the backsheet 16, and a portion of the waterproof layer 15 fills the lead hole 161 and seals the lead hole 161 to form a filling portion 151. The lead end 171 passes through the filling portion 151 and out of the lead hole 161. The remaining portion of the waterproof layer 15 is arranged as a connecting portion 153 around the filling portion 151 and is sandwiched between the solar cell 11 and the backsheet 16.

[0126] After lamination is completed, the junction box 18 can be bonded to the back plate 16, and the guide bar 17 can be electrically connected to the terminal of the junction box 18 by welding. Finally, a glue gun is used to inject a 1:1 mixed silicone gel into the junction box 18 and wait for the glue to completely cure.

[0127] According to some embodiments of the present application, the present application further provides a photovoltaic assembly, which includes a plurality of electrically connected solar cell assemblies as described above.

[0128] Several refers to a number of two or more integers.

[0129] Photovoltaic modules refer to power generation systems that use the photovoltaic effect to directly convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy. They are divided into stand-alone photovoltaic modules (Stand-alone PV System) and grid-connected photovoltaic modules (Grid-connected PV System). Stand-alone photovoltaic modules consist of a solar photovoltaic array composed of solar cell modules, a battery pack, a charge controller, a power electronic converter (inverter), and a load. Grid-connected photovoltaic modules consist of a photovoltaic array, a high-frequency DC / DC boost circuit, a power electronic converter (inverter), and a system monitoring system.

[0130] According to some embodiments of the present application, the present application further provides an electrical device, which includes the solar cell assembly or photovoltaic assembly provided by the above scheme, and the solar cell assembly and photovoltaic assembly are used to provide electrical energy to the electrical device.

[0131] Electrical devices can take various forms, such as electric vehicles, ships, spacecraft, solar water heaters, and solar energy. These devices can be powered solely by solar panels or by a combination of solar panels and energy storage batteries, meaning they are equipped with both solar panels and energy storage batteries. Energy storage batteries are not limited to primary or secondary batteries, and include, but are not limited to, lithium-ion secondary batteries and sodium-ion secondary batteries.

[0132] Some specific embodiments are listed below to better illustrate the present application.

[0133] In the following examples and comparative examples, the perovskite solar cell was prepared by the following method:

[0134] 1) Select FTO conductive glass with a specification of 30*30cm, ultrasonically clean the etched ITO conductive glass several times with water, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol, blow dry the solvent with a nitrogen gun, and place it in a UV ozone machine for further cleaning to serve as a transparent conductive glass substrate;

[0135] 2) After spin coating 2 mg / mL of PTAA slurry on the UV-ozone treated ITO conductive glass at a rate of 5000 rpm / s, the film was annealed on a hot plate at 100°C for 10 minutes to obtain a hole transport layer;

[0136] 3) Spin-coat the prepared hole transport layer with a perovskite precursor solution at 1000-5000 rpm / s, anneal at 100°C for 30 min, and cool to room temperature to obtain a perovskite light-absorbing layer, wherein the active material of the perovskite light-absorbing layer is FA 0.83 Cs 0.17 PbI3.

[0137] 4) Place the sheet obtained in step 3) into the vapor deposition machine and wait for the vacuum degree of vapor deposition to reach 5*10 -4 At a pressure below 1 Pa, 1 nm of metal fluoride lithium fluoride was evaporated on the perovskite light-absorbing layer at a rate of 0.02 A / s, followed by a 30 nm electron transport layer at a rate of 0.05 A / s, and finally an 80 nm back electrode layer at a rate of 0.1 A / s. This yielded a perovskite solar cell.

[0138] Example 1

[0139] 4 , the solar cell assembly 1000 includes a solar cell 11 , a backside encapsulation film 14 , a waterproof layer 15 , a back sheet 16 , and a sealing member 19 surrounding the solar cell 11 , which are stacked in sequence.

[0140] The solar cell 11 is a perovskite solar cell, which includes a transparent conductive glass substrate 111, a hole transport layer 112, a perovskite light absorption layer 113, an electron transport layer 114, a metal fluoride layer 115, and an electrode layer 116 stacked in sequence. The transparent conductive glass substrate 111 of the perovskite solar cell serves as the transparent panel of the solar cell module 1000.

[0141] The sealing member 19 is laminated and bonded to the transparent panel and the back plate 16 to form a sealed space for accommodating the solar cells 11 , the backside encapsulation film 14 and the waterproof layer 15 .

[0142] Referring to Figures 2, 3, and 4, the solar cell 11 is electrically connected to a current guide bar 17 having lead ends 171. Insulating adhesive (not shown) is applied to areas where the current guide bar 17 and the solar cell 11 might contact and cause a short circuit to prevent short circuits. The backplane 16 has lead holes 161 corresponding to the lead ends 171.

[0143] The waterproof layer 15 includes a filling portion 151 and a connecting portion 153 that are interconnected. The filling portion 151 fills the lead hole 161 and seals the lead hole 161. The connecting portion 153 is circumferentially arranged around the filling portion 151 and clamped between the solar cell 11 and the back plate 16. The lead end 171 passes through the filling portion 151 and out of the lead hole 161.

[0144] In this embodiment, the area of ​​the waterproof layer 15 is smaller than the area of ​​the back plate 16 .

[0145] The waterproof layer 15 and the sealing member 19 are both butyl tapes.

[0146] Comparative Example 1

[0147] The only difference from Example 1 is that no waterproof layer is provided. Instead, butyl glue is injected into the lead holes from the side of the back plate away from the solar cell after lamination and cured to seal the lead holes.

[0148] Test example

[0149] Before the aging test, the solar cell modules prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to a Keithley 2400 SMU with AM 1.5G solar irradiation at 100 mW / cm 2 The device performance test was carried out under a light source of , and there was no obvious difference in performance between the solar cell assembly provided in Comparative Example 1 and the solar cell assembly provided in Example 1.

[0150] The solar cell modules prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were placed in double 85 boxes for aging tests, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell modules was measured.

[0151] The test method for photoelectric conversion efficiency is: at 100mW / cm 2 The battery performance is tested under a light source, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is calculated as follows:

[0152] PCE=Pout / Popt

[0153] =Voc×Jsc×(Vmpp×Jmpp) / (Voc×Jsc)

[0154] =Voc×Jsc×FF. Where Pout, Popt, Vmpp, Jmpp, Voc and Jsc are the battery operating output power, incident light power, battery maximum power point voltage, battery maximum power point current, open circuit voltage and short circuit current respectively.

[0155] The results showed that the solar cell module prepared in Comparative Example 1 showed obvious degradation at the junction box after about 100 hours of aging test in an 85 box, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency dropped to 23% of the original efficiency. The solar cell module prepared in Example 1 remained black after 700 hours of aging test in an 85 box, with no obvious change, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency was still maintained at more than 98%.

[0156] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions that fall within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A solar cell module, wherein: include: A solar cell is electrically connected to a guide bar, wherein the guide bar has a lead end; A back plate, located on the back of the solar cell, the back plate being provided with lead holes corresponding to the lead-out terminals; as well as The waterproof layer has a filling portion and a connecting portion connected to each other, the filling portion fills the lead hole and seals the lead hole, the lead end passes through the lead hole through the filling portion, and the connecting portion is arranged around the filling portion and sandwiched between the solar cell and the back plate.

2. The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein The water vapor permeability of the waterproof layer is less than 0.1g / m 2 *d.

3. The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein The water vapor permeability of the waterproof layer is 0.01-0.05g / m 2 *d.

4. The solar cell module according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: The material of the waterproof layer is at least one of rubber, silicone, silicone mixture, organic silicone rubber or rubber mixture.

5. The solar cell module according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: The material of the waterproof layer is butyl rubber.

6. The solar cell assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: The waterproof layer is bonded between the solar cell and the back plate.

7. The solar cell assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: The area of the waterproof layer is smaller than the area of the back plate.

8. The solar cell module according to claim 7, wherein: The ratio of the area of the waterproof layer to the area of the back plate is 1:20-1:

100.

9. The solar cell module according to claim 7 or 8, wherein: A junction box is provided on a side of the back plate facing away from the solar cell, the guide bar is electrically connected to the junction box, and the orthographic projection of the waterproof layer on the back plate is located within the orthographic projection of the junction box on the back plate.

10. The solar cell assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: It also includes a backside encapsulation film located between the backsheet and the solar cell; Wherein, the waterproof layer is located between the solar cell and the back-side encapsulation film, and / or the waterproof layer is located between the backboard and the back-side encapsulation film.

11. The solar cell assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein: The solar cell is a perovskite solar cell.

12. The solar cell assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein: The solar cell assembly includes a transparent panel, and the transparent panel is located on the front side of the solar cell.

13. The solar cell module according to claim 12, wherein: The invention also includes a sealing member, which surrounds the circumference of the solar cell and is laminated and bonded to the transparent panel and the back plate to form a sealed space for accommodating the solar cell.

14. A photovoltaic module, wherein: A solar cell assembly comprising a plurality of electrically connected solar cells according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

15. An electrical device, wherein: The solar cell assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 13 or the photovoltaic assembly according to claim 14 is used to provide electrical energy to an electrical device.

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