A drought area salt water lake shore wetland stress-resistant vegetation configuration repair method

Abstract

The application relates to a drought area salt water lake shore wetland stress-resistant vegetation configuration repair method, and belongs to the technical field of wetland ecological repair, and specifically relates to a drought area salt water lake shore wetland stress-resistant vegetation configuration repair method. The method solves the problem that the existing lake shore wetland vegetation repair technology cannot adapt to the extreme compound stress habitat of the inland closed salt water lake in the drought area, i.e. "no external fresh water supply, high mineralized water body, heavy saline soil and strong wind erosion", and overcomes the technical bottlenecks in the application of traditional technology in the area, such as low vegetation survival rate, poor community structure stability, insufficient directional conservation of local halophytes and secondary degradation after repair. The method comprises the following steps: dividing the drought area salt water lake shore wetland into four functional repair regions according to four stress factors; configuring stress-resistant vegetation for the four functional repair regions; and performing auxiliary repair measures for the four functional repair regions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wetland ecological restoration technology, specifically to a method for restoring stress-resistant vegetation configuration in saline lakeside wetlands in arid regions. Background Technology

[0002] Inland enclosed saline lakes in arid regions are core components of regional wetland ecosystems, playing crucial roles in water conservation, windbreak and sand fixation, conservation of endemic saline-alkali wetland organisms, and maintenance of regional ecological balance. These lakes lack continuous external freshwater runoff and are characterized by scarce rainfall, intense evaporation, continuously declining groundwater levels, high water mineralization and soil salinization, and severe shoreline erosion and desertification. They are subjected to multiple stresses—salinization, drought, and wind erosion—making their ecosystems extremely fragile and their natural restoration capacity very weak. Under the combined effects of these multiple stresses, lakeside wetlands commonly suffer from vegetation degradation, expansion of bare beaches, fragmentation of native communities, loss of native halophytes, and decline in biodiversity. Core ecological functions such as beach stabilization, salt suppression, and windbreak and sand fixation have significantly diminished, becoming a prominent challenge for wetland ecological protection and restoration in arid regions.

[0003] Existing lakeside wetland vegetation restoration technologies are mostly geared towards freshwater or slightly saline lakeside wetlands in semi-arid regions. They rely on external freshwater recharge and stable hydrological conditions, primarily employing zonal zoning based on water level gradients and mixed planting of mesophytic and hydrophytic plants, focusing on enhancing vegetation biomass and broad-spectrum biodiversity. However, their application in enclosed saline lakes in arid inland areas presents significant limitations. First, they rely on freshwater replenishment and are difficult to adapt to extreme habitats with high mineralization and heavy salinity, resulting in low vegetation survival rates and easy community degradation. Secondly, the traditional continuous strip configuration cannot adapt to the terrain features of fragmented shorelines and interspersed salt patches, making it difficult to form stable communities; Third, the lack of targeted conservation of native halophytes results in weak community resilience and difficulty in long-term self-sustainment; fourth, the absence of sand... Salt The drought multi-stress targeted configuration system cannot simultaneously meet the multiple needs of beach stabilization, salt suppression, windbreak and sand fixation, and habitat creation.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a technology to configure and restore vegetation in degraded wetlands along the shoreline that is adapted to the extreme habitat of closed saline lakes in arid regions, does not rely on external freshwater sources, is highly resilient, can be self-sustaining in a long-term stable manner, and can selectively conserve native halophytic wetland organisms, so as to meet the practical needs of ecological restoration of fragile wetlands in arid regions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention proposes a method for resilient vegetation configuration and restoration of saline lakeside wetlands in arid regions. It solves the problem that existing lakeside wetland vegetation restoration technologies are difficult to adapt to the extreme and complex stress habitats of enclosed inland saline lakes in arid regions, characterized by "no external freshwater supply, highly mineralized water, heavily saline soil, and strong wind erosion." It overcomes the technical bottlenecks commonly found in traditional technologies in such areas, such as low vegetation survival rate, poor community structure stability, insufficient targeted conservation of native halophytes, and easy secondary degradation after restoration.

[0006] The method includes the following steps: S1. Based on the four stress factors of lake water salinity, soil salinity, shoreline desertification and water depth and inundation duration, the lakeside wetlands of saline lakes in arid areas are divided into four functional restoration zones: shallow lakeside zone, near-lake high-salt bare beach zone, lakeside sand-salt alternating degradation zone, and offshore arid crust transition zone. S2. For the four functional restoration areas, configure stress-resistant vegetation in separate zones; S3. For the four functional repair areas, auxiliary repair measures are carried out in separate areas.

[0007] Furthermore, the regional judgment thresholds for shallow water areas along the lake include: Lake water mineralization: 4-5 g / L; Soil salinity: 2–6 g / kg; Desertification degree of shoreline: wind erosion modulus < 2000t / (km²) a); Submersion duration due to water depth: 0.1–0.6 m, and annual water accumulation duration. 180 days.

[0008] Furthermore, the regional judgment thresholds for high-salinity bare beach areas near lakes include: Lake water mineralization: greater than 5 g / L and not exceeding 10 g / L; Soil salinity: 8–15 g / kg; Desertification of the riparian zone: The proportion of bare land coverage in the riparian zone is ≥70%.

[0009] Furthermore, the regional judgment thresholds for the lakeside sand-salt alternating degradation zone include: Soil salinity: 3–8 g / kg; The degree of desertification in the riparian zone: bare land coverage accounts for 30% to 70% of the riparian zone, and the wind erosion modulus is 2000 to 4000 t / (km²). a).

[0010] Furthermore, the regional judgment thresholds for the offshore arid crust transition zone include: Soil salinity: 0.5-3 g / kg; Desertification of the shoreline: bare land coverage <30%, and wind erosion modulus >4000t / (km²) a).

[0011] Furthermore, the vegetation configuration in the shallow water area of ​​the lake is as follows: *Vitex negundo* and *Potamogeton crispus* are planted in a 6:4 ratio, with *Vitex negundo* mainly planted in clusters and *Potamogeton crispus* cuttings filling the space; the spacing between *Vitex negundo* clusters is 0.8–1.0 m, with 8–12 plants per cluster; *Potamogeton crispus* is propagated by stolons, with a spacing of 20–30 cm between cuttings, and 2–3 cuttings per hole.

[0012] Furthermore, the vegetation configuration in the near-lake high-salinity bare beach area is as follows: Suaeda salsa is the dominant species, and Smilax glabra is the companion species. The ratio of Suaeda salsa to Smilax glabra is 7:3. The plants are mixed and sown evenly within the patches. The patch area is 2-5㎡, the patch spacing is 3-6m, the sowing density is 8-12g / ㎡, and the soil is covered after sowing with 0.5-1cm of soil.

[0013] Furthermore, the vegetation configuration in the degraded area of ​​lakeside sand and salt is as follows: saline reeds, ice grass, and sand wormwood are planted in a ratio of 5:3:2; saline reeds are transplanted by rhizome, with a plant spacing of 20-30cm, a planting hole depth of 10-15cm, and 1-2 rhizome segments per hole; ice grass and sand wormwood are sown by seed, with an overall sowing density of 6-10g / ㎡.

[0014] Furthermore, the vegetation configuration in the arid crust transition zone on the far shore is as follows: a shrub-grass composite sand-fixing community is adopted, which includes a shrub layer and a herb layer. Shrub layer: Plant tamarisk and black goji berries in alternating holes at a ratio of 3:2. Both tamarisk and black goji berries should be two-year-old seedlings with a height of 30-50cm. The spacing between holes should be 2-3m, the diameter of the hole should be 20-30cm, and the depth of the hole should be 25-35cm. Herbaceous layer: Mix and sow ice grass, alkali wormwood and lanceolate cassia seeds in a ratio of 2:2:1, at a sowing density of 5-8 g / m², and cover with soil 0.3-0.8 cm. In the arid crustal transition zone on the far coast, shrubs account for 30%–40%, and the herbaceous layer accounts for about 60%–70%.

[0015] Further auxiliary restoration measures include: standardized planting, surface moisture retention and salt control, localized mild soil improvement, and habitat and community management.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the method described in this invention are as follows: (1) This invention locks the restoration zone by combining four indicators and thresholds, avoiding the traditional lakeside division method that relies solely on water level and slope. It accurately matches the extreme complex stress habitat of closed inland saline lakes in arid areas with no external freshwater source, high mineralization, heavy salinity, and strong wind erosion. It is completely different from freshwater-replenished lakeside restoration technology in semi-arid areas, and greatly improves the survival rate of vegetation planting and community preservation rate of degraded bare beach.

[0017] (2) This invention creates diverse microhabitats through differentiated patch mosaic configuration, and selectively conserves native aquatic, halophytic and xerophytic species exclusive to arid areas, covering shallow water, salt flats, sand-salt intermingled areas and arid crusted areas, greatly improving the unique flora and fauna diversity of lakeside wetlands, and meeting the core needs of wetland ecological restoration in arid areas.

[0018] (3) The present invention adopts a grouping pattern of pioneer salt-fixing species, buffer protection species and drought-resistant sand-fixing species to form a hierarchical complementary composite community structure, which effectively resists external interference such as drought, salinity and wind erosion, and achieves long-term self-sustaining of wetland communities for more than 5 years, avoiding secondary degradation after restoration.

[0019] (4) Based on the restoration of vegetation communities, this invention simultaneously achieves salt suppression of lakeside soil, windbreak and sand fixation of shoreline, and beach stabilization of lake surface, comprehensively restoring the degraded ecological functions of lakeside wetlands in arid areas. Moreover, it does not require continuous artificial water replenishment and maintenance, and the restoration cost is low and can be promoted on a large scale. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of vegetation restoration in the degraded area before the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of vegetation restoration in the degraded area as described in this invention. Figure 3 This is a comparison diagram of the vegetation cover effect described in this invention; Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of the aboveground biomass effects described in this invention; Figure 5 This is a comparison chart of the species richness effects described in this invention; Figure 6 This is a comparison chart of the wind erosion modulus effects described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for restoring stress-resistant vegetation configuration in saline lakeside wetlands in arid areas, the method comprising the following steps: S1. Based on the four stress factors of lake water salinity, soil salinity, shoreline desertification and water depth and inundation duration, the lakeside wetlands of saline lakes in arid areas are divided into four functional restoration zones: shallow lakeside zone, near-lake high-salt bare beach zone, lakeside sand-salt alternating degradation zone, and offshore arid crust transition zone. The relevant operations in step S1 will be introduced with specific examples: This invention abandons the traditional continuous zonal zoning restoration model based on water level gradients. Instead, it uses a quantitative and joint assessment of four stress factors—lake water salinity, soil salinity, shoreline desertification, and water depth and inundation duration—to divide degraded wetlands along the shoreline of enclosed saline lakes in arid regions into four functional restoration zones: a shallow lakeside zone, a near-lake high-salinity bare beach zone, a lakeside sand-salt mixed degradation zone, and a dry, crusted transition zone on the far shore. The shallow lakeside zone and the near-lake high-salinity bare beach zone are directly affected by lake hydrology, while the lakeside sand-salt mixed degradation zone and the dry, crusted transition zone on the far shore are purely terrestrial areas without stable lake water accumulation.

[0023] The specific thresholds for dividing the four functional repair areas are as follows: (1) Shallow water area along the lake: Average annual mineralization of the lake water: 4-5 g / L; Soil sediment salinity: Top 0–20 cm, soil salinity 2–6 g / kg; Desertification degree of shoreline: Surface wind erosion modulus < 2000 t / (km²) a) There are no large areas of bare land, the coverage of bare land on the shore is less than 30%, and the stress type is mainly shallow water salinization stress. Shoreline bare land coverage percentage refers to the percentage of bare land (bare land with little or no vegetation cover, usually less than 10%) within the edge zone (shoreline) of water bodies such as lakes and rivers, relative to the total land area of ​​the shoreline.

[0024] Submersion duration: The average annual water depth is 0.1 to 0.6 m, and the duration of submersion is ≥ 180 days / year; The shallow water area along the lake is used to construct a shallow water buffer and purification community, thereby stabilizing the lake bottom sediment, inhibiting the accumulation of salt on the surface of shallow water, and creating a habitat for aquatic organisms.

[0025] (2) High-salinity bare beach area near the lake: Average annual mineralization of lake water: During the flood season, the average annual mineralization of lake water is >5 g / L and ≤10 g / L; Soil salinity: Top 0–20 cm, soil salinity 8–15 g / kg; Desertification of the riparian zone: bare land coverage accounts for ≥70% of the riparian zone, there is no continuous biological crust on the surface, and the average annual soil moisture content is ≤12%; Characteristics of waterlogging: seasonal flooding occurs ≥2 times per year, with each flood lasting 5–30 days. The soil is subjected to alternating wet and dry redox reactions, accompanied by contiguous patches of salt-tolerant amphibians. The high-salinity bare beach area near the lake is used to construct a pioneer salt-tolerant community to achieve rapid coverage of the high-salinity bare beach and consolidation of the topsoil.

[0026] (3) Degraded area with alternating sand and salt deposits along the lake: There is no year-round water accumulation or regular lake flooding. Flooding only occurs occasionally during periods of extreme high water. The shoreline is interspersed with bare land, salt patches, and remnants of vegetation. Soil salinity: Top 0–20 cm, soil salinity 3–8 g / kg; Desertification degree of the riparian zone: bare land coverage accounts for 30% to 70% of the riparian zone, and the wind erosion modulus of the surface soil is 2000 to 4000 t / (km²). a).

[0027] Topsoil usually refers to the uppermost soil layer on the Earth's surface (0–20 cm).

[0028] The wind erosion modulus is an important indicator for measuring the intensity of wind erosion. It represents the total amount of soil material transported by wind erosion per unit time and per unit area of ​​land.

[0029] The lakeside sand-salt alternating degradation zone is used to construct dense, complex herbaceous communities to achieve buffering of sand-salt stress and stability of salinized habitats.

[0030] (4) Arid crust transition zone on the far coast: 1. There is no lake water immersion phenomenon, the surface has developed stable arid biological crust, the region is mainly under drought stress and wind erosion stress, and the salinity stress is relatively weak.

[0031] Soil salinity: Top 0–20 cm, soil salinity 0.5–3 g / kg; Desertification of the riparian zone: The proportion of bare land coverage in the riparian zone is <30%, and the wind erosion modulus of the surface soil is >4000t / (km²) a).

[0032] The arid crust transition zone on the far shore is used to construct a multi-level shoreline buffer zone to achieve windbreak and sand fixation, water retention and soil conservation, and improvement of barren soil.

[0033] By using the above four indicators and thresholds to lock in the restoration zones, we can avoid the traditional lakeside classification method that relies solely on water level and slope, and achieve precise zoning and matching of heterogeneous habitats under multiple stresses in closed saline lakes in arid areas.

[0034] The four categories of zones defined in this invention are key artificial restoration and management zones for lakeside wetlands in arid areas, which are only for lakeside areas that urgently need vegetation restoration due to salinization and desertification stress. For scattered heterogeneous plots that cannot be classified into the above four categories, the artificial vegetation construction measures of this invention will not be implemented, and the original natural site conditions will be maintained, relying on natural succession and development.

[0035] S2. For the four functional restoration areas, configure stress-resistant vegetation in separate zones; The relevant operations in step S2 will be introduced with specific examples: In response to the stress characteristics of each zone, this invention adopts a differentiated vegetation configuration pattern that combines shallow water aquatic planting, patch planting, stress-resistant group mosaic, and layered buffer protection. It selects native species that are salt-tolerant, drought-tolerant, tolerant of shallow water immersion, and wind-erosion resistant to adapt to closed saline lakes in arid areas. By limiting the species combination, ratio, and planting density of each zone, it constructs a zone-targeted, gradient-complementary water-wet-drought composite stress-resistant vegetation community.

[0036] The specific vegetation configuration for the four functional restoration areas is as follows: (1) Vegetation configuration and planting in shallow lakeside areas: The area is perennially flooded, with a water depth of 0.1 to 0.6 meters and a flooding period of no less than 180 days per year. The average annual mineralization of the lake water is 4 to 5 g / L, and the salt content of the bottom sediment is 2 to 6 g / kg. There is no obvious wind erosion. The core stresses are water salinization and shallow water salt stress.

[0037] To address the aforementioned characteristics, the saline-tolerant native aquatic and wetland species *Vitex negundo* and *Potamogeton crispus* were selected for planting in the shallow lake area, with a plant ratio of 6:4. Planting employed a combination of clustered *Vitex negundo* planting and *Potamogeton crispus* stolon cuttings: the *Vitex negundo* clusters were spaced 0.8–1.0 m apart, with 8–12 plants per cluster; robust stolons or lateral branches (with 3–5 nodes) of *Potamogeton crispus* were inserted into the bottom mud at 20–30 cm intervals, with 2–3 cuttings per hole. *Vitex negundo* exhibits strong salt and flood tolerance and an upright growth habit, making it a dominant species for stabilizing the bottom sediment; *Potamogeton crispus*, with its creeping growth, fills the lower water surface space. Together, they form a buffer and purifying community in the shallow lake area, stabilizing the lake bottom sediment, inhibiting salt accumulation in shallow areas, and creating habitats for aquatic organisms.

[0038] Block planting refers to planting plants in blocks or clusters to form discrete plant community units.

[0039] Runner propagation refers to the technique of propagating plants by cuttings from their runners.

[0040] (2) Vegetation configuration and planting in high-salinity bare beach areas near the lake The area is adjacent to the lake and has seasonal flooding characteristics. There is no year-round water accumulation. The soil salinity is 8-15 g / kg. During the flooding period, the annual average mineralization of the lake water is greater than 5 g / L but not more than 10 g / L. The surface has no crust and the bare beach accounts for more than 70%. The annual average soil moisture content is not higher than 12%. The core stresses are high salinity, periodic lake water inundation, and strong evaporation.

[0041] To address the aforementioned characteristics, native salt-tolerant herbaceous plants *Suaeda salsa* and *Cirsium setosum* were selected for the high-salt bare beach area near the lake. *Suaeda salsa* was the dominant species, and *Cirsium setosum* was used as a companion species, with a ratio of 7:3. The two were evenly mixed and broadcast within the planting patches. The planting method employed isolated patch planting, with each patch ranging from 2 to 5 square meters in area and 3 to 6 meters between patches. The overall sowing density within each patch was 8 to 12 g / square meter. After sowing, the surface was covered with 0.5 to 1 cm of fine soil. A single watering was applied after sowing to thoroughly moisten the surface layer, avoiding waterlogging or flooding. *Suaeda salsa*, as a core pioneer salt-fixing species, can tolerate extreme surface salinity and rapidly cover the bare ground. *Cirsium setosum*, a shallow-rooted, densely tufted salt-tolerant herb, can fill vegetation gaps and stabilize the surface soil. Together, they form a salt-fixing, stable, and densely structured pioneer salt-tolerant community.

[0042] Isolated patch mixed seeding is a technique used in the ecological restoration of extreme environments such as arid lakeside wetlands. It involves spreading multiple species in discrete patches and relying on the natural expansion of the patches over the years to achieve gradual vegetation restoration.

[0043] (3) Vegetation configuration and planting in the degraded area of ​​lakeside sand and salt intermingling The soil in this area has a salt content of 3-8 g / kg, with slight sandification on the surface. Salt patches and bare land are interspersed, and the area is under significant dual stress from wind erosion and salinization.

[0044] In response to the above characteristics, a multi-layered, stress-resistant herbaceous planting system was adopted in the lakeside saline-alkali alternating degradation zone. This system combines saline reeds, icegrass, and Artemisia arenaria, using a layered planting approach of transplanting and mixed sowing, with a ratio of 5:3:2. For saline reeds, rhizome transplanting was employed: robust rhizomes with a diameter ≥0.5cm, length 15-20cm, and 3-5 plump buds were selected. Plants were spaced 20-30cm apart, with holes 10-15cm deep, containing 1-2 rhizome segments per hole. The soil was covered and compacted before thorough watering. Icegrass and Artemisia arenaria were mixed sown throughout the entire area, with a uniform shallow soil covering of 0.3-0.8cm. The overall sowing density of the herbaceous plants was 6-10g / m², and thorough watering was applied after sowing to encourage emergence. Salt-tolerant and moisture-tolerant reeds are the best in saline-alkali lands and can be used as a dominant species to stabilize saline habitats. Ice grass can resist wind and stabilize soil, while sand wormwood is drought-resistant and sand-resistant. The three species form a complex herbaceous community with varying heights and root systems, which can buffer the combined stress of sand and salt, while avoiding the problems of shrubs having high water consumption and being unsuitable for fluctuating saline habitats in arid areas.

[0045] (4) Vegetation configuration and planting in the arid crust transition zone of the far coast The soil in this area has a salinity of 0.5–3 g / kg, and the surface is characterized by dry crusting, with the highest degree of desertification. The core stresses are drought and wind erosion.

[0046] In response to the above characteristics, a shrub-grass composite sand-fixing community was adopted in the arid transition zone on the far shore. The community consisted of shrubs such as *Tamarix chinensis* and *Lycium chinense*, and herbaceous plants such as *Agropyron cristatum*, *Artemisia argyi*, and *Cassia lanceolata*. The shrub-grass layer ratio was as follows: 1) Shrub layer: *Tamarix chinensis* to *Lycium chinense* plants were planted in a 3:2 ratio, alternating in planting holes; 2) Herbaceous layer: *Agropyron cristatum*: *Artemisia argyi*: *Cassia lanceolata* were mixed and sown in a 2:2:1 ratio. The overall community structure consisted of approximately 30%–40% shrubs and approximately 60%–70% herbaceous plants. For *Tamarix chinensis* and *Lycium chinense*, robust two-year-old seedlings with a height of 30–50 cm were selected and planted in alternating holes at a spacing of 2–3 m, with a hole diameter of 20–30 cm and a depth of 25–35 cm. After covering with soil and compacting, the plants were thoroughly watered once. The herbaceous plants were sown at a density of 5–8 g / m², covered with 0.3–0.8 cm of soil, and thoroughly watered once after sowing. Tamarix has the strongest drought resistance and wind erosion resistance, serving as the dominant framework shrub; black goji berries can assist in soil stabilization and tolerance to poor soil conditions; ice grass and alkali wormwood can strengthen surface sand fixation and moisture retention; lanceolate cassia seed is a nitrogen-fixing herb that can specifically improve poor soil. By combining multiple species in a primary and secondary manner, and utilizing the windbreak, soil stabilization, and nitrogen fixation functions of shrubs, a multi-level, highly stable riparian buffer zone can be formed, achieving the effects of windbreak and sand fixation, water retention and soil conservation, and improvement of surface poor soil.

[0047] S3. For the four functional repair areas, auxiliary repair measures are carried out in separate areas.

[0048] The relevant operations in step S3 will be introduced with specific examples: The auxiliary restoration measures include: standardized planting, surface moisture retention and salt control, localized mild soil improvement, and habitat and community management.

[0049] (1) Standardized planting, specifically: For shallow water areas along the lake, a combination of seedling transplanting and asexual propagation cuttings is used for planting. Healthy one-year-old seedlings of *Vitex negundo* with a height of 15-25cm are selected and planted in clusters at a depth of 5-10cm. Healthy stolons or lateral branches (with 3-5 nodes) of *Potamogeton crispus* are cut and inserted into the bottom mud at a spacing of 20-30cm. For the degraded areas of lakeside sand and salt, rhizome transplanting is used for saline reeds. Select robust rhizomes with a diameter ≥0.5cm, a length of 15-20cm, and 3-5 plump buds. Plant them in holes with a spacing of 20-30cm between plants and a hole depth of 10-15cm. Place 1-2 rhizome sections in each hole, cover with soil, compact, and water thoroughly once. For ice grass and sand wormwood, seeds are sown in a mixed manner throughout the area, with a uniform shallow soil covering of 0.3-0.8cm. For the high-salinity bare beach area near the lake, mixed seed sowing is adopted, and the surface is covered with 0.5-1cm of fine soil after sowing; For the arid transition zone on the far shore, robust two-year-old seedlings of Tamarix chinensis and Lycium barbarum with a height of 30-50cm are selected and planted in staggered holes with a spacing of 2-3m, a hole diameter of 20-30cm, and a depth of 25-35cm. After covering with soil and compacting, water thoroughly once to settle the roots. For Agrostis chinensis, Artemisia argyi, and Cassia lanceolata, seeds are sown in a mixed manner, with a uniform shallow soil covering of 0.3-0.8cm. In all terrestrial areas, after sowing, water thoroughly once to promote seedling emergence, just enough to moisten the surface of the sowing layer, without waterlogging or flooding. All vegetation is planted in accordance with the greening period in arid areas from late April to early May each year. (2) Surface moisture retention and salt suppression regulation, specifically: In all terrestrial areas, corn stalks should be laid immediately after planting, sowing, and watering. The stalks should be 5-10cm long, the cover thickness 3-5cm, and the cover width extending 0.5m beyond the vegetation area. After laying the stalks, they should be secured every 2-3m with soil clods, fine sand, and strips to retain moisture, suppress salt, and prevent wind erosion. The stalks should be retained and allowed to decompose naturally throughout the process without manual removal. In windy areas, a small amount of soil can be used to secure the stalks without damaging the stalk layer. Straw mulching is not permitted in shallow lakeside areas. (3) Localized light soil improvement, specifically: Agricultural gypsum (CaSO4) is applied only in the degraded areas where sand and salt meet along the lakeshore. 2H2O), fineness ≥80 mesh, purity ≥90%; single application rate is 80~120g / ㎡, only spread in planting holes / sowing strips, not spread throughout the field; 1–2 days before sowing / transplanting, shallowly till 0–10cm, mix with soil before transplanting; (4) Habitat and community management, specifically: During the restoration process, the original micro-topography, remaining native vegetation, and natural salt patch structure of the site are preserved intact, without leveling the land or completely replacing the soil. Invasive alien species are manually removed once a month. In late October each year, fallen plants are cleared, leaving 5–10 cm of overwintering basal stems above ground. Vegetation coverage, survival rate, and wind erosion intensity are monitored every two months during the growing season for three consecutive years.

[0050] Example 2 This embodiment further defines Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, a typical degraded area along the shoreline of Hongjiannao Lake is selected. The effect of vegetation restoration in the degraded area before restoration is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the repair work is carried out according to the method described in Example 1, and the specific steps are as follows: 1. Zoning Delineation Based on the quantitative assessment of four stress indicators, the restoration area is divided into the shallow water area along the lake, the near-lake high-salinity bare beach area, the lakeside sand-salt alternating degradation area, and the offshore arid crust transition area.

[0051] 2. Zonal vegetation configuration and planting Shallow water area by the lake: Plant flat-stemmed three-angled purslane and pondweed in a 6:4 ratio. The flat-stemmed three-angled purslane clusters are spaced 1.0m apart, with 10 plants per cluster; the pondweed cuttings are spaced 25cm apart, with 3 cuttings per hole.

[0052] In the near-lake high-salinity bare beach area: use Suaeda salsa and Sphagnum moss in a 7:3 ratio, with a patch area of ​​3㎡, a patch spacing of 4m, a sowing density of 10g / ㎡, and a soil covering of 0.8cm.

[0053] In the degraded area of ​​alternating sand and salt in the lakeside: plant saline reeds, ice grass, and sand wormwood in a ratio of 5:3:2. The spacing between plants of saline reeds should be 35cm, the row spacing should be 45cm, and the hole depth should be 12cm. The sowing density of ice grass and sand wormwood should be 8g / ㎡, and the soil covering should be 0.5cm.

[0054] In the arid transition zone of the far coast: Tamarix and black goji berries are planted in a 3:2 ratio, and ice grass, alkali wormwood and lanceolate cassia seed are planted in a 2:2:1 ratio. The spacing between shrub holes is 2.5m, and the sowing density of herbaceous plants is 6g / ㎡.

[0055] 3. Auxiliary Repair Measures In terrestrial areas, cover the entire area with 3-5cm thick corn stalks, to be completed within 2 hours after transplanting / sowing and watering; apply 100g / m² of agricultural gypsum to the degraded areas of lakeside sand and salt transition zone; preserve the original micro-topography and residual vegetation, regularly remove invasive species, and clean up fallen debris in autumn.

[0056] The effect of vegetation restoration in the degraded area is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, while restoring vegetation in the degraded area, this embodiment also sets up a control group. The control group is located in an area adjacent to the restoration test area with habitat conditions (soil salinity, water mineralization, degree of desertification, topography and hydrology) that are basically the same as those in the restoration test area. No artificial operations such as planting, transplanting, soil improvement, or straw covering are carried out throughout the process, and the succession is carried out spontaneously by the natural conditions of the area.

[0057] The repair effect of the method described in this invention is as follows: Figure 3 , 4 As shown in Figures 5 and 6.

[0058] like Figure 3 As shown, after restoration, the average vegetation coverage of the lakeside zone increased from 33.2% to 70.63% compared to the control group, an increase of 112.7%. like Figure 4As shown, the aboveground biomass increased from 46.45 g / m² to 102.33 g / m² compared to the control group, an increase of 120.3%; like Figure 5 As shown, the number of species per unit area increased from 3.23 to 6.63 compared to the control group, an increase of 105.3%; like Figure 6 As shown, the coastal wind erosion modulus decreased from 3429 t / (km²) compared to the control group. a) Reduced to 2045 t / (km²) a) The decrease was 40.4%.

[0059] The above results demonstrate that this invention, through zoned targeted vegetation configuration technology, effectively solves the technical challenges of vegetation establishment, poor community stability, and ecological function decline in degraded wetlands along closed saline lake shores in arid regions. It achieves synergistic improvement in vegetation coverage, biodiversity, community productivity, and windbreak and sand-fixing functions, constructing long-term stable and resilient vegetation communities, and providing reliable technical support for the long-term and stable restoration of degraded lake shore wetlands in arid regions.

Claims

1. A method for remediating stress-resistant vegetation configuration in saline lakeside wetlands in arid regions, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1. Based on the four stress factors of lake water salinity, soil salinity, shoreline desertification and water depth and inundation duration, the lakeside wetlands of saline lakes in arid areas are divided into four functional restoration zones: shallow lakeside zone, near-lake high-salt bare beach zone, lakeside sand-salt alternating degradation zone, and offshore arid crust transition zone. The thresholds for determining the area of ​​shallow water in the lakeside region include: Lake water salinity: 4-5 g / L; Soil salinity: 2–6 g / kg; Desertification degree of shoreline: wind erosion modulus < 2000t / (km²) a); Submersion duration due to water depth: 0.1–0.6 m, and annual water accumulation duration. 180 days; the regional judgment threshold for high-salinity bare beach areas near lakes includes: Lake water mineralization: greater than 5 g / L and not exceeding 10 g / L; Soil salinity: 8–15 g / kg; Desertification degree of the riparian zone: the proportion of bare land coverage in the riparian zone is ≥70%; The thresholds for determining the area of ​​degradation in the lakeside sand-salt interbedded zone include: Soil salinity: 3–8 g / kg; The degree of desertification in the riparian zone: bare land coverage accounts for 30% to 70% of the riparian zone, and the wind erosion modulus is 2000 to 4000 t / (km²). a); The regional identification thresholds for the offshore arid crust transition zone include: Soil salinity: 0.5-3 g / kg; Desertification of the shoreline: bare land coverage <30%, and wind erosion modulus >4000t / (km²) a) S2. For the four functional restoration areas, configure stress-resistant vegetation in separate zones; S3. For the four functional repair areas, auxiliary repair measures are implemented in separate areas; The auxiliary restoration measures include: applying agricultural gypsum only to planting holes or sowing strips in the degraded area where sand and salt intermingle in the lakeside, and shallowly turning over the soil to a depth of 0-10 cm; preserving the original micro-topography, residual native vegetation and natural salt patch structure during the restoration process, without leveling the land or completely replacing the soil.

2. The method for remediating stress-resistant vegetation configuration in saline lakeside wetlands in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vegetation configuration in the shallow water area of ​​the lake is as follows: A ratio of 6:4 is used for planting *Vitex negundo* and *Potamogeton crispus*. *Vitex negundo* is mainly planted in clusters, while *Potamogeton crispus* is propagated by cuttings to fill the space. The spacing between *Vitex negundo* clusters is 0.8–1.0 m, with 8–12 plants per cluster. *Potamogeton crispus* is propagated by stolon cuttings, with a spacing of 20–30 cm, and 2–3 cuttings per hole.

3. The method for remediating stress-resistant vegetation configuration in saline lakeside wetlands in arid areas according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vegetation configuration for the near-lake high-salinity bare beach area is as follows: Suaeda salsa is the dominant species, and Smilax glabra is the companion species. The ratio of Suaeda salsa to Smilax glabra is 7:

3. The plants are mixed and sown evenly within the patches. The patch area is 2-5㎡, the patch spacing is 3-6m, the sowing density is 8-12g / ㎡, and the soil is covered after sowing with 0.5-1cm of soil.

4. The method for remediating stress-resistant vegetation configuration in saline lakeside wetlands in arid areas according to claim 3, characterized in that, The vegetation configuration for the degraded area of ​​alternating sand and salt in the lakeside is as follows: the ratio of saline reeds, ice grass and sand wormwood is 5:3:2; the saline reeds are transplanted by rhizome, with a plant spacing of 20-30cm, a hole depth of 10-15cm, and 1-2 rhizome sections per hole; ice grass and sand wormwood are sown by seed, with an overall sowing density of 6-10g / ㎡.

5. The method for remediating stress-resistant vegetation configuration in saline lakeside wetlands in arid areas according to claim 4, characterized in that, The vegetation configuration in the arid crust transition zone on the far shore is as follows: a shrub-grass composite sand-fixing community is adopted, which includes a shrub layer and a herb layer. Shrub layer: Plant tamarisk and black goji berries in alternating holes at a ratio of 3:

2. Both tamarisk and black goji berries should be two-year-old seedlings with a height of 30-50cm. The spacing between holes should be 2-3m, the diameter of the hole should be 20-30cm, and the depth of the hole should be 25-35cm. Herbaceous layer: Mix and sow ice grass, alkali wormwood and lanceolate cassia seeds in a plant ratio of 2:2:1, at a sowing density of 5-8 g / m², and cover with soil 0.3-0.8 cm. In the arid crustal transition zone on the far coast, shrubs account for 30%–40% and herbaceous layers account for 60%–70%.

6. The method for remediating stress-resistant vegetation configuration in saline lakeside wetlands in arid areas according to claim 5, characterized in that, The auxiliary restoration measures include: standardized planting, surface moisture retention and salt control, localized mild soil improvement, and habitat and community management.

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