A biomass nutrient solution and selenium fertilizer combined foliar dressing fresh sweet corn fertilization method

Abstract

The application discloses a fresh food sweet corn fertilization method of biomass nutrient solution and selenium fertilizer combined foliar topdressing, which comprises the following steps: using the biomass nutrient solution and the selenium fertilizer as the foliar topdressing fertilizers, the biomass nutrient solution is 10 kg / hm 2 , and the selenium fertilizer is 45 g / hm 2 , calculated by pure selenium; the two are mixed according to the specific planting area of the corn, and the water and fertilizer dilution ratio is 1:800; the first foliar topdressing is performed at the jointing stage of the corn growth; the second foliar topdressing is performed at the large trumpet mouth stage of the corn growth; and the third foliar topdressing is performed at the initial milking stage of the corn growth. The application adopts the foliar topdressing mode, has the advantages of less fertilizer application amount, high utilization rate, no cost increase and no harm to the soil compared with the traditional soil root fertilization, and can provide necessary nutrient elements for the corn growth, increase the selenium content of the corn kernels, improve the quality, directly improve the selenium deficiency of the people through daily diet, and promote the public health of the people.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fertilizer technology, specifically a method for fertilizing fresh sweet corn by combining biomass nutrient solution with selenium fertilizer through foliar application. Background Technology

[0002] Agricultural production is shifting from pursuing quantity growth to improving quality and efficiency, with a greater emphasis on green, high-quality, and efficient development. As residents' consumption patterns upgrade, market demand for agricultural products is becoming increasingly diversified and focused on quality, especially for healthy, nutritious, and flavorful produce. Sweet corn, with its unique taste and high nutritional value, has become a popular green and healthy food in recent years, experiencing rapid expansion in its planting area nationwide and representing a huge market potential.

[0003] Foliar fertilization is a highly efficient agronomic practice with advantages such as rapid nutrient absorption, high utilization efficiency, low application rate, low environmental pollution risk, convenient operation, and cost-effectiveness. Its application is not limited by the crop's growth stage. In recent years, it has been widely used as an effective way to enhance crop nutrition and prevent certain nutrient deficiency symptoms. Biomass nutrient solution, a water-soluble fertilizer produced through the fermentation of organic materials, can completely dissolve in water and be directly absorbed and utilized by plants. It can be used for soil irrigation, drip irrigation, foliar spraying, and hydroponics, offering advantages such as improved nutrient utilization efficiency, reduced nutrient loss, and water and fertilizer conservation. Selenium is an essential trace element for the human body, playing a vital role in delaying aging and maintaining normal immune function. However, the human body cannot synthesize selenium and must obtain it through dietary supplementation. my country is a selenium-deficient country, with 72% of its land area having a selenium content of less than 0.05 mg / kg, of which 30% is severely selenium-deficient (<0.02 mg / kg). The selenium content of crops is generally low, far from meeting the normal human body's needs. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the selenium content of grains through exogenous selenium application to meet the body's requirements for selenium. As a typical non-selenium-enriched crop, sweet corn kernels generally have low selenium content without exogenous selenium fortification. Current research has shown that foliar spraying of appropriate concentrations of selenium fertilizer can increase the selenium content of sweet corn kernels and help increase the yield of fresh ears. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a fertilization method for fresh sweet corn using a combination of biomass nutrient solution and selenium fertilizer for foliar spraying, clarifying the optimal ratio and providing technical support for improving corn yield and quality.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for fertilizing fresh sweet corn using a combination of biomass nutrient solution and selenium fertilizer as foliar fertilizer includes: Foliar fertilization uses biomass nutrient solution and selenium fertilizer, with the biomass nutrient solution applied at a rate of 10 kg / hm². 2 Based on pure selenium, the selenium fertilizer application rate is 45 g / hm. 2 The two are mixed with water according to the specific planting area of ​​corn, and the water-fertilizer dilution ratio is 1:800. The first foliar fertilization should be carried out during the jointing stage of corn growth. The second foliar fertilization should be carried out during the large trumpet stage of corn growth. The third foliar fertilization should be carried out during the early grain-filling stage of corn growth.

[0007] Optionally, basal fertilizer, specifically corn compound fertilizer, may be applied at the initial stage of corn planting at a rate of 750 kg / hm². 2 Apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a rate of 750 g / hm² once. 2 .

[0008] Optionally, the foliar fertilization method is as follows: it is carried out in the evening on a clear and windless day, using a backpack electric sprayer or drone to spray evenly on both sides of the leaves, and each treatment is based on the condition that the leaves are no longer dripping water.

[0009] Optionally, the jointing period of the corn is 20 to 25 days after corn sowing; The large trumpet stage of corn growth is 30 to 35 days after corn sowing; The initial grain-filling stage of corn growth is 42 to 48 days after corn sowing.

[0010] Optionally, the composition of the biomass nutrient solution is as follows: The solid content by mass percentage is 53.21%, fulvic acid is 181.81 g / L, organic matter is 248.97 g / L, humic acid is 56.03 g / L, insoluble matter is 0, pH value is 5.02, nitrogen content is 144.77 g / L, phosphorus content is 26.08 g / L, potassium content is 51.41 g / L, and specific gravity is 1.26.

[0011] Optionally, the selenium fertilizer is sodium selenite with a molecular weight of 172.94.

[0012] The advantages of this invention are: (1) The present invention adopts the foliar spraying topdressing mode, which has a smaller application amount and higher utilization rate compared with the traditional soil root fertilizer, without increasing the cost and without harming the soil; the combination of biomass nutrient solution and selenium fertilizer for foliar topdressing not only provides the necessary nutrients for corn growth, but also increases the selenium content of the grains and improves the quality, and can directly improve the selenium deficiency of the population through daily diet, thus promoting public health.

[0013] (2) The corn planting management method mentioned in this invention is compatible with existing base application, drip irrigation and aerial spraying agricultural machinery. It is easy to operate and low in cost. It does not require complicated operation and can efficiently realize the production of selenium-enriched corn kernels. Moreover, it is easy to operate and low in cost. It can form a stable selenium-enriched corn fertilization technology that can be replicated every year and has good effects. This invention has broad application prospects in corn production in my country. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present disclosure and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the present disclosure, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the fertilization method for fresh sweet corn using a combination of biomass nutrient solution and selenium fertilizer as foliar fertilizer according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a comparison of the selenium content in grains of different foliar fertilization combinations in Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0015] Following the above technical solution, the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, and all equivalent modifications made based on the technical solution of this application fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0016] In recent years, foliar fertilization technology has attracted widespread attention due to its simplicity, rapid effect, low dosage, and high fertilizer efficiency. However, existing research mostly focuses on the foliar topdressing effect of single fertilizers, lacking a systematic analysis of the synergistic mechanism of combined topdressing with multiple fertilizers. The biomass nutrient solution jointly produced by the Tongchuan Agricultural Science Research Institute of Shaanxi Province and Xi'an Qinheng Ecological Agriculture Technology Co., Ltd. is rich in organic matter and has a balanced nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio, allowing for rapid absorption through leaves to ensure crop nutrient requirements. Selenium fertilizer can increase the selenium content of grains and enhance the nutritional quality of corn. Combined topdressing with these two fertilizers helps to synergistically improve corn yield and quality. This invention focuses on fresh sweet corn, and through foliar spraying of biomass nutrient solution and selenium fertilizer, it derives a fertilization technology for fresh sweet corn that improves grain selenium content and edibility, ensuring crop nutrient requirements, increasing grain selenium content, enhancing corn nutritional quality, and ultimately achieving a synergistic improvement in corn yield and quality.

[0017] This invention utilizes a biomass nutrient solution (trade name "Fu Huo Su") jointly produced by the Tongchuan Agricultural Science Research Institute of Shaanxi Province and Xi'an Qinheng Ecological Agriculture Technology Co., Ltd., combined with selenium fertilizer (sodium selenite) for foliar fertilization of sweet corn during its growth period. The aim is to develop a fertilization technique for sweet corn that improves grain selenium content and edible quality. This invention leverages the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium elements introduced by the biomass nutrient solution and the trace elements provided by the selenium fertilizer to improve the nutrient imbalance caused by single-fertilization methods, ensuring crop nutrient requirements, increasing grain selenium content, enhancing the nutritional quality of corn, and ultimately achieving a synergistic improvement in corn yield and quality.

[0018] This invention addresses the problem of insufficient selenium content in crops by applying selenium fertilizer, with the ultimate goal of producing selenium-enriched corn to improve selenium deficiency in humans. Existing technologies address the problem of insufficient iron content in crops by applying micron-sized and nano-sized iron powders, with the ultimate goal of producing iron-enriched corn to improve iron-deficiency anemia in humans.

[0019] This invention employs a combination of "basal application of compound fertilizer to the soil + foliar spraying of topdressing," with the core of foliar topdressing being the combination of biomass nutrient solution and selenium fertilizer, applied three times during the corn's jointing stage, tasseling stage, and early grain-filling stage. Existing technologies use a single nano-iron powder suspension for foliar spraying, and their topdressing stages also include soil application of compound fertilizer, failing to achieve full-process foliar topdressing.

[0020] The foliar fertilizer of this invention is a mixed solution of biomass nutrient solution and inorganic selenium salt. It utilizes the organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other nutrients in the biomass nutrient solution to synergistically promote selenium absorption and conversion, thereby improving corn yield and quality. Existing foliar fertilizers are single-component suspensions of nano-iron powder, primarily relying on the small particle size, high activity, and easy absorption by leaves of nano-iron powder to supplement iron. Their mechanism of action focuses more on the absorption efficiency improvement brought about by the physical size effect.

[0021] The composition of the biomass nutrient solution used in this invention is shown in the table below:

[0022] The base fertilizer used in this invention experiment was Hengbaotian compound fertilizer (corn-suitable fertilizer, total nutrients ≥38%, N-P2O5-K2O 27-5-6) produced by Hubei Fulaidi Jinrun Fertilizer Co., Ltd. The selenium fertilizer was sodium selenite (Na2SeO3, molecular weight 172.94).

[0023] The specific plan is as follows: The present invention relates to a method for fertilizing fresh sweet corn using a combination of biomass nutrient solution and selenium fertilizer as foliar fertilizer, comprising: Foliar fertilization uses biomass nutrient solution and selenium fertilizer, with the biomass nutrient solution applied at a rate of 10 kg / hm². 2Based on pure selenium, the selenium fertilizer application rate is 45 g / hm. 2 The two are mixed with water according to the specific planting area of ​​corn, and the water-fertilizer dilution ratio is 1:800. The first foliar fertilization should be carried out during the jointing stage of corn growth. The second foliar fertilization should be carried out during the large trumpet stage of corn growth. The third foliar fertilization should be carried out during the early grain-filling stage of corn growth.

[0024] In this invention, basal fertilizer is also applied at the initial stage of corn sowing. The basal fertilizer is corn compound fertilizer, and the application rate is 750 kg / hm. 2 Apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a rate of 750 g / hm² once. 2 .

[0025] In this invention, the foliar fertilization method is as follows: it is carried out in the evening when it is sunny and windless, and a backpack electric sprayer or drone is used to spray evenly on both sides of the leaves. Each treatment is carried out until the leaves are no longer dripping water.

[0026] In this invention, the jointing stage of corn growth is 20 to 25 days after corn sowing; In this invention, the large trumpet stage of corn growth is 30 to 35 days after corn sowing; In this invention, the initial grain-filling stage of corn growth is 42 to 48 days after corn sowing.

[0027] In this invention, the composition of the biomass nutrient solution is as follows: The solid content by mass percentage is 53.21%, fulvic acid is 181.81 g / L, organic matter is 248.97 g / L, humic acid is 56.03 g / L, insoluble matter is 0, pH value is 5.02, nitrogen content is 144.77 g / L, phosphorus content is 26.08 g / L, potassium content is 51.41 g / L, and specific gravity is 1.26.

[0028] In this invention, the selenium fertilizer is sodium selenite with a molecular weight of 172.94.

[0029] Combination Figure 1 The more specific solution of the present invention is as follows: (1) Pre-broadcast preparation 1.1) Variety selection The corn variety selected was the fresh sweet corn variety "Guangliang Sweet 27"; 1.2) Site Selection Select contiguous plots of land that are flat, free of alkaline spots, have loose soil, are rich in organic matter, and have complete drip irrigation facilities; (2) Sowing 2.1) The sowing period is in early June; sowing should be carried out when the weather is fine. 2.2) Line spacing configuration The row spacing for maize is 0.6 m, the plant spacing is 0.22 m, and the planting density is 75,758 plants / hm². 2 ; 2.3) Application of base fertilizer Apply corn compound fertilizer (total nutrients ≥38%, N-P2O5-K2O 27-5-6) as base fertilizer at a rate of 750 kg / hm². 2 And apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate (750 g / hm) once. 2 ); (3) Foliar fertilization Foliar fertilization used "Fu Huo Su" biomass nutrient solution and selenium fertilizer (sodium selenite) produced by Xi'an Qinheng Ecological Agriculture Technology Co., Ltd., with a biomass nutrient solution dosage of 10 kg / hm². 2 The selenium fertilizer application rate is 45 g / hm. 2 (Based on pure selenium), the two are mixed with water according to the specific planting area of ​​corn, and the water-fertilizer dilution ratio is 1:800.

[0030] Foliar spraying operation standards: Carry out the spraying in the clear, windless evening. Use a backpack electric sprayer or drone to spray evenly on both sides of the leaves. The treatment should be carried out until the leaves are no longer dripping water.

[0031] 3.1) First foliar fertilization: to be carried out during the jointing stage of corn growth (about 20-25 days after sowing); 3.2) Second foliar fertilization: to be carried out during the large trumpet stage of corn growth (about 30-35 days after sowing); 3.3) Third foliar fertilization: to be carried out in the early grain-filling stage of corn growth (about 42-48 days after sowing); (4) Harvest Harvest at the appropriate time in September, when the corn reaches the milk stage (approximately 55-70 days after sowing).

[0032] Example 1: Location: Xiaolei Agricultural Planting Cooperative, Dongjiahe Town, Yaozhou District, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province Time: June-September 2025 Experimental layout: According to the experimental design, from south to north, the experimental layout consists of CK, A0Se1 (biomass nutrient solution dosage 0 kg / hm²). 2 The selenium fertilizer application rate is 45 g / hm. 2 ), A0Se2 (biomass nutrient solution dosage 0 kg / hm) 2 The selenium fertilizer application rate is 90 g / hm. 2 ), A1Se0 (biomass nutrient solution dosage 10 kg / hm) 2 The selenium fertilizer application rate is 0 g / hm. 2A1Se1 (biomass nutrient solution dosage 10kg / hm) 2 The selenium fertilizer application rate is 45 g / hm. 2 (i.e., the above-mentioned technical solution), A1Se2 (biomass nutrient solution dosage 10 kg / hm) 2 The selenium fertilizer application rate is 90 g / hm. 2 A2Se0 (biomass nutrient solution dosage 20 kg / hm) 2 The selenium fertilizer application rate is 0 g / hm. 2 A2Se1 (biomass nutrient solution dosage 20 kg / hm) 2 The selenium fertilizer application rate is 45 g / hm. 2 A2Se2 (biomass nutrient solution dosage 20 kg / hm) 2 The selenium fertilizer application rate is 90 g / hm. 2 The corn variety used was Guangliangtian 27, and the experimental plot area was 15 m². 2 (Row spacing 0.6 m, plant spacing 0.22 m), with a 0.5 m isolation strip between each plot, the corn planting density is 75,758 plants / hm². 2 The previous crop in the experimental field was wheat. Sowing took place on June 14, 2025, and the fresh-eating period was harvested on September 27. The base fertilizer was Hengbaotian compound fertilizer (suitable for corn, total nutrients ≥38%, N-P2O5-K2O 27-5-6) produced by Hubei Fulaidi Jinrun Fertilizer Co., Ltd., applied at a rate of 750 kg / hm2, along with a single application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (750 g / hm2). Fertilization and hard stubble sowing were carried out using a fertilizer-applying seeder. The experimental techniques followed the methods described in the specific implementation instructions above. Foliar spraying was applied at the jointing stage, the large trumpet stage, and the early grain-filling stage, with each application being 1 / 3 of the total amount. The water-soluble fertilizer was diluted at a ratio of 1:800. Spraying was conducted on a clear, windless evening using a manual sprayer, evenly spraying both sides of the leaves. The treatment was completed when the leaves were no longer dripping wet. During spraying, plastic sheeting was used to separate each plot to prevent accidental spraying onto adjacent plots. Other management practices follow standard field management practices, and management is consistent across all treatments.

[0033] Results achieved: Table 1 compares the yield and composition factors of different foliar fertilization combinations.

[0034] Table 1 Comparison of Yield and Components of Different Foliar Fertilization Combinations

[0035] As shown in Table 1, the A1Se1 foliar fertilization treatment combination outperformed other treatment combinations in terms of yield components such as ear length, ear diameter, and fresh 100-grain weight. It also had shorter tip length, the highest yield, and the best overall yield performance.

[0036] Table 2 compares the grain quality of different foliar fertilization combinations.

[0037] Table 2 Comparison of grain quality among different foliar fertilization combinations

[0038] As shown in Table 2, the corn kernels treated with A1Se1 foliar fertilizer had moderate moisture content, were plump, low in protein, and had good taste quality; they also had high soluble sugar content, sweet taste, and rich nutritional value, resulting in the best overall quality performance.

[0039] Comparison of grain selenium content among different foliar fertilization combinations, see Figure 2 .

[0040] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that the A1Se1 treatment meets the national standard requirements for selenium-enriched corn (0.04-0.30 mg / kg), and the kernels are rich in selenium, which helps to improve the selenium deficiency status in the human body.

[0041] The preferred embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail above. However, this disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of this disclosure, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of this disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0042] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, this disclosure will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0043] Furthermore, various different embodiments of this disclosure can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of this disclosure, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed in this disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for fertilizing fresh sweet corn using a combination of biomass nutrient solution and selenium fertilizer as foliar fertilizer, characterized in that, include: Foliar fertilization uses biomass nutrient solution and selenium fertilizer, with the biomass nutrient solution applied at a rate of 10 kg / hm². 2 Based on pure selenium, the selenium fertilizer application rate is 45 g / hm. 2 The two are mixed with water according to the specific planting area of ​​corn, and the water-fertilizer dilution ratio is 1:

800. The first foliar fertilization should be carried out during the jointing stage of corn growth. The second foliar fertilization should be carried out during the large trumpet stage of corn growth. The third foliar fertilization should be carried out during the early grain-filling stage of corn growth.

2. The method for fertilizing fresh sweet corn using a combination of biomass nutrient solution and selenium fertilizer as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Base fertilizer, specifically corn compound fertilizer, is applied at the initial stage of corn planting at a rate of 750 kg / hm². 2 Apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a rate of 750 g / hm² once. 2 .

3. The method for fertilizing fresh sweet corn using a combination of biomass nutrient solution and selenium fertilizer as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The foliar fertilization method is as follows: it is carried out in the evening on a clear and windless day. Use a backpack electric sprayer or drone to spray evenly on both sides of the leaves. The treatment is based on the condition that the leaves are no longer dripping water.

4. The method for fertilizing fresh sweet corn using a combination of biomass nutrient solution and selenium fertilizer as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The jointing stage of corn growth is 20 to 25 days after corn sowing; The large trumpet stage of corn growth is 30 to 35 days after corn sowing; The initial grain-filling stage of corn growth is 42 to 48 days after corn sowing.

5. The method for fertilizing fresh sweet corn using a combination of biomass nutrient solution and selenium fertilizer as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The composition of the biomass nutrient solution is as follows: The solid content by mass percentage is 53.21%, fulvic acid is 181.81 g / L, organic matter is 248.97 g / L, humic acid is 56.03 g / L, insoluble matter is 0, pH value is 5.02, nitrogen content is 144.77 g / L, phosphorus content is 26.08 g / L, potassium content is 51.41 g / L, and specific gravity is 1.

26.

6. The method for fertilizing fresh sweet corn using a combination of biomass nutrient solution and selenium fertilizer as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The selenium fertilizer mentioned is sodium selenite, with a molecular weight of 172.94.

Images