Water, fertilizer and microorganism regulating device and method for planting medlar based on underground infiltration irrigation

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of agricultural irrigation and fertilization technology, and provides a device and method for regulating water, fertilizer, and microorganisms in wolfberry cultivation based on subsurface irrigation. The device includes a steel frame, a water pump, a main pipeline, and a supply unit. The diameter of the seepage holes increases from the near end to the far end to compensate for pressure loss along the pipeline. It also includes a controller, a soil moisture sensor, a soil nutrient sensor, and a redox potential sensor. Nutrient monitoring uses a conductivity-temperature-humidity multi-sensor fusion and regression model for estimation. The method uses phenological stages to set target element concentrations in the fertilizer solution for integrated water and fertilizer supply. During the flowering and fruit setting stages and the fruit enlargement stage, when the Eh value remains below +300mV for more than 48 hours and the water content is above 70% of field capacity, a biological agent treatment is initiated. Humidity regulation uses 80% as the upper limit for irrigation, 65% as the target for water replenishment, and 55% as the starting point for water replenishment. This invention achieves independent triggering and coordinated operation of water, fertilizer, and microorganisms, and has the advantages of water and fertilizer conservation, precise disease control, and high automation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural irrigation and fertilization technology, and in particular to a device and method for regulating water, fertilizer and bacteria in wolfberry cultivation based on underground seepage irrigation. Background Technology

[0002] Goji berries are a specialty economic crop in the arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest my country. During cultivation, they are typically supplied with water through flood irrigation, surface drip irrigation, or conventional underground seepage irrigation. At the same time, they are supplemented with nutrient-rich water and fertilizer integration technology and treated with biological agents to prevent the prevalent root rot disease.

[0003] Currently, conventional underground seepage irrigation equipment mainly uses vertical seepage, lacking a directional flow guidance structure. The seepage distribution pattern does not match the shallow, horizontally expanding root distribution characteristics of wolfberry. Water and fertilizer tend to leak into deeper layers below the active root layer, resulting in low water and fertilizer utilization efficiency. Furthermore, localized high-humidity waterlogging areas easily form around the pipes, leading to poor soil aeration and continuously inducing root rot. The liquid flow carrying biological agents is difficult to diffuse evenly laterally into the root zone, limiting the colonization range of beneficial bacteria and hindering the effectiveness of biological control.

[0004] In addition, although there are existing technologies that use sensors to monitor the soil environment and regulate irrigation and fertilization, they generally have the following shortcomings: First, the fertilizer amount is mostly set as a fixed absolute value and is not linked to the irrigation amount. It is difficult to adjust the concentration according to the actual soil moisture content, which can easily lead to excessive fertilizer concentration burning the roots or insufficient fertilizer effect due to excessive concentration. Second, the timing of application of biological agents mostly depends on human experience or fixed periodic application, and lacks a triggering mechanism based on objective environmental risk indicators.

[0005] The aforementioned deficiencies ultimately prevent existing equipment from achieving synergistic adaptation between water, fertilizer, microorganisms, and the rhizosphere environment of wolfberry, thus hindering the improvement of wolfberry yield and quality. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a device and method that can accurately identify the risk window for disease occurrence and trigger synergistic regulation of water, fertilizer, and microorganisms based on this. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device and method for regulating water, fertilizer and bacteria in wolfberry cultivation based on underground seepage irrigation, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, on the one hand, the present invention provides a water, fertilizer and bacteria regulation device for wolfberry planting based on underground seepage irrigation, including a steel frame, a water injection pump and a main pipeline. The water injection pump is fixedly installed on one side of the steel frame, and the water inlet end of the main pipeline is fixedly connected to the output end of the water injection pump.

[0008] The upper surface of the steel frame is provided with a supply unit for simultaneously supplying clean water, fertilizer solution and biological agent. The supply unit is connected to the main pipeline. The end of the main pipeline is connected to at least one branch pipeline through a connecting component. The outer surface of the branch pipeline is fixedly connected to multiple drip irrigation pipes distributed along the axis of the branch pipeline. The outer surface of the multiple drip irrigation pipes is respectively equipped with a seepage pipe. The outer surface of the multiple seepage pipes is provided with multiple seepage holes, and the diameter of the multiple seepage holes increases sequentially from the proximal end to the distal end of the seepage pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, a cylindrical mesh is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the leakage pipe, and a protective sleeve is also fixedly installed on the outer surface of the leakage pipe, with the mesh located inside the protective sleeve; a plurality of circumferentially distributed flow-guiding and permeation wings are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the protective sleeve, and the flow-guiding and permeation wings extend along the axial direction of the protective sleeve.

[0010] Furthermore, the supply unit includes a clean water supply mechanism, a fertilizer solution supply mechanism, a biological agent supply mechanism, and a mixing and injection mechanism. The output ends of the clean water supply mechanism and the fertilizer solution supply mechanism are both connected to the input end of the mixing and injection mechanism, and the output ends of the mixing and injection mechanism and the biological agent supply mechanism are both connected to the main pipeline.

[0011] Furthermore, the clean water supply mechanism includes a clean water tank fixedly installed on the upper surface of the steel frame; the fertilizer solution supply mechanism includes a fertilizer solution tank fixedly installed on the upper surface of the steel frame, the fertilizer solution tank storing a liquid mother liquor of a preset concentration; the biological agent supply mechanism includes a biological agent storage tank fixedly installed on the upper surface of the steel frame; the mixing and injection mechanism includes a mixing tank fixedly installed on the upper surface of the steel frame, a first water pump and a second water pump fixedly installed at the bottom of the steel frame, the mixing tank being equipped with a stirring device; the inlet of the first water pump is fixedly connected to the bottom of the clean water tank and the fertilizer solution tank respectively via a three-way pipe. Flow regulating valves are installed at the two inlets of the three-way pipe; the outlet of the first water pump is fixedly connected to the upper end of the mixing tank through the first connecting pipe; the inlet of the second water pump is connected to the bottom of the mixing tank through the first liquid extraction pipe, and the output of the second water pump is fixedly connected to the main pipe through the first injection pipe; a third water pump is also fixedly installed at the bottom of the steel frame, the inlet of the third water pump is fixedly connected to the bottom of the biological agent storage tank through the second liquid extraction pipe, and the output of the third water pump is fixedly connected to the main pipe through the second injection pipe, on which a check valve is installed.

[0012] Furthermore, the connecting component includes a cross joint fixedly installed at the end of the main pipe, the lateral interface of the cross joint is fixedly connected to a lateral distribution pipe, and multiple connecting joints are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the lateral distribution pipe, and the branch pipe is fixedly connected to the lateral distribution pipe through the connecting joints.

[0013] Furthermore, a filter assembly and a one-way valve are detachably installed at the end of the main pipeline. The one-way valve is located on the side of the filter assembly closer to the water injection pump, and the filter assembly has a filtration accuracy of not less than 100 mesh.

[0014] Furthermore, the bottom of the clear water tank, fertilizer tank, mixing tank, and biological agent storage tank are all provided with mounting bases that are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the steel frame, and the mounting bases are fastened to the steel frame by bolts; the bottom of the water injection pump is provided with a shock-absorbing pad, which is sandwiched between the water injection pump and the steel frame.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes an automatic control unit, which includes a controller, a soil moisture sensor, a soil nutrient sensor, and a soil redox potential sensor; the controller is electrically connected to the first water pump, the second water pump, the third water pump, the injection pump, and each flow regulating valve, respectively, and the soil moisture sensor, the soil nutrient sensor, and the soil redox potential sensor are all electrically connected to the input terminal of the controller.

[0016] Furthermore, the soil nutrient sensor includes a soil conductivity sensor and a soil temperature sensor; the soil moisture sensor simultaneously provides soil volumetric water content data for the soil nutrient sensor; the controller has a built-in nutrient estimation module, which stores a multivariate regression estimation model established in advance through field calibration experiments, used to convert the real-time temperature-corrected conductivity value and soil volumetric water content value into estimated values ​​of soil nitrate nitrogen content and available potassium content.

[0017] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for regulating water, fertilizer, and microorganisms in wolfberry cultivation based on underground seepage irrigation, using the above-mentioned regulating device, including the following steps: S1. Bury the branch pipeline, drip irrigation pipeline and seepage pipe at a depth of 30-40cm in the wolfberry planting area, so that the seepage pipe corresponds to the root distribution area of ​​the wolfberry plant; bury the soil moisture sensor, soil nutrient sensor and soil redox potential sensor, which are electrically connected to the controller, in the root layer at the same depth, so as to collect soil volumetric water content, nutrient-related parameters and redox potential data in real time.

[0018] S2. The controller retrieves a preset irrigation and fertilization plan based on the phenological stage of the goji berries. The fertilizer solution in the irrigation and fertilization plan is set with target element concentrations, and different phenological stages correspond to different target concentration ranges for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The controller starts the water injection pump and the first water pump. Through the flow regulating valves set in the clean water pipeline and the fertilizer solution pipeline respectively, the clean water and the mother liquor of the preset concentration are mixed in the mixing tank according to the calculated ratio. After being mixed evenly, the fertilizer solution of the target concentration is formed and delivered to the root distribution layer of the goji berries through the main pipeline and the underground seepage irrigation system. During the irrigation and fertilization process, the controller receives the monitoring value of the soil moisture sensor in real time. When the soil volume water content reaches the upper limit of the preset threshold of field water holding capacity, generally 80%, irrigation is stopped.

[0019] S3. During the flowering and fruit setting period and the fruit enlargement period of wolfberry, the controller acquires the monitoring values ​​of the soil redox potential sensor (Eh) and the soil moisture sensor in real time. When the triggering conditions are met simultaneously, such as the soil redox potential (Eh) value remaining below +300mV for more than 48 hours and the soil volumetric water content being higher than 70% of the field capacity, the controller automatically starts a biological agent application course. During the first application, if regular irrigation and fertilization are in progress, the water and fertilizer injection is automatically paused or skipped, and the biological agent is injected separately into the main pipeline using only a small amount of water as a carrier, and then transported to the underground root layer through the underground seepage irrigation system. The second application is carried out 15 days later. Depending on whether the second application is during the water and fertilizer irrigation period, the biological agent is either mixed into the water and fertilizer for synchronous delivery or injected independently using a small amount of water as a carrier.

[0020] S4. Based on real-time monitoring data from soil moisture and soil nutrient sensors, the controller continuously executes the following control logic: if soil moisture is lower than 55% of field capacity, supplementary irrigation is initiated to replenish it to 65% of field capacity; if the estimated soil nitrate nitrogen content calculated by the nutrient estimation module is lower than 20 mg / kg or the estimated available potassium content is lower than 150 mg / kg, the application concentration of the corresponding elements is automatically increased during subsequent irrigation and fertilization; the application of biological agents in step S3 is only initiated when its triggering conditions are met, realizing independent triggering and coordinated operation of water, fertilizer, and bacteria.

[0021] Furthermore, the target element concentrations of the fertilizer solution in the irrigation and fertilization scheme described in S2 are set as follows: from the budding stage to the new shoot growth stage, the nitrogen concentration is 150-200 mg / L, and the phosphorus and potassium concentrations are both 60-80 mg / L; during the flowering and fruit setting stage, the nitrogen concentration is 80-120 mg / L, the phosphorus concentration is 40-60 mg / L, and the potassium concentration is 120-160 mg / L; during the fruit enlargement stage, the nitrogen concentration is 60-100 mg / L, the phosphorus concentration is 40-60 mg / L, and the potassium concentration is 180-240 mg / L.

[0022] Furthermore, the minimum amount of clean water mentioned in S3 is only the carrier clean water required for dilution of the biological agent and pipeline transportation, and the dosage is 50-100L per mu per time; the application amount of the biological agent is 0.3-0.8kg per mu per time.

[0023] Furthermore, the nutrient estimation module in S4 uses a multiple regression model to convert nutrient content. The model establishment method includes: selecting representative sampling points in the wolfberry planting area, burying sensors and automatically recording conductivity, temperature, and volumetric water content throughout the complete fertilization cycle, and simultaneously taking soil samples to determine the nitrate nitrogen and available potassium content using standard laboratory methods; correcting the conductivity value measured at any temperature to the standard value at 25℃ using the formula EC25=ECa(T) / [1+α×(T-25)], where α is 0.02 / ℃; establishing a multiple linear regression model with nitrate nitrogen and available potassium as dependent variables and temperature-corrected conductivity EC25 and volumetric water content θ as independent variables; the model adopts a zonal modeling strategy, modeling separately according to soil texture, fertilization stage, and water content status, and the controller automatically calls the optimal model according to real-time conditions; the model is equipped with an adaptive update mechanism, refitting coefficients through field sampling each planting season, or automatically issuing a calibration prompt when the prediction deviation continuously exceeds 30% for more than 7 days.

[0024] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention integrates three independent and controllable supply channels—clean water, fertilizer solution, and biological agents—to achieve integrated irrigation, fertilization, and root disease control in goji berry cultivation. Water and fertilizer are pre-mixed evenly in a mixing tank before being injected into the main pipeline. Biological agents can be injected independently as needed based on disease risk monitoring data, eliminating the need for separate pipeline laying or downtime. All three management tasks can be completed in a single field visit. Equipped with a controller and working in conjunction with soil moisture, soil nutrient, and soil redox potential sensors, it can monitor field environmental parameters 24 / 7, automatically adjusting irrigation quotas, fertilizer concentrations, and the amount and frequency of biological agent application to meet the differentiated needs of different growth stages of goji berries, such as budding, flowering and fruit setting, and fruit enlargement.

[0025] 2. In terms of fertilization control, this invention adopts an irrigation and fertilization scheme based on target element concentrations, linking fertilizer concentration with irrigation volume. Different target concentration ranges for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are set according to different phenological stages (e.g., nitrogen concentration of 150-200 mg / L during budding to new shoot growth, nitrogen concentration of 80-120 mg / L and potassium concentration of 120-160 mg / L during flowering and fruit setting, and potassium concentration of 180-240 mg / L during fruit enlargement). Compared to fixed fertilization methods, this approach more precisely meets the nutritional needs of goji berries at each growth stage, avoiding root burn due to excessive fertilizer concentration or insufficient fertilizer effectiveness due to insufficient concentration.

[0026] 3. In terms of the application of biological agents, this invention establishes a triggering mechanism and treatment-based control strategy based on a risk window of "low Eh + high humidity". The triggering condition is an Eh value continuously below +300mV for more than 48 hours and soil volumetric water content exceeding 70% of field capacity. This combination scientifically reflects the core environmental risk of root rot caused by "continuous high humidity leading to continuous hypoxia". Once triggered, a treatment course consisting of two applications is initiated: the first application automatically suspends routine water and fertilizer injection within the risk window, using only a small amount of clean water (50-100L per acre) as a carrier to deliver the biological agent, avoiding the contradiction of further increasing soil moisture content and exacerbating hypoxia due to simultaneous water and fertilizer injection; the second application is performed 15 days later, flexibly choosing to mix with water and fertilizer for simultaneous delivery or inject independently depending on whether it is currently in the water and fertilizer irrigation period, ensuring that beneficial bacteria form a stable colonization advantage in the rhizosphere without increasing the number of operations. The core bacterial strains selected for the biological agent include facultative anaerobic bacteria such as Bacillus belyssioides, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus moghaves, and halophilic Bacillus, which can survive and exert antagonistic effects even in low-oxygen environments. By using objective monitoring with sensors to replace subjective human experience-based judgment, and employing independent triggering and conflict resolution logic among water, fertilizer, and bacteria, the two major technical challenges of traditional methods—the reliance on experience for the timing of biological agent application and the temporal conflict between the application process and irrigation operations—are overcome.

[0027] 4. In terms of soil moisture regulation, this invention establishes a hierarchical and logically consistent three-level threshold gradient system: the upper limit of irrigation is set at 80% of field capacity (the stop line for conventional fertigation irrigation), the disease risk humidity threshold is set at 70% (the criterion for triggering biological agents and risk relief), the drought replenishment initiation line is set at 55%, and the replenishment target value is set at 65%. The core design of this system is that: the 80% irrigation upper limit is set based on the high water demand of wolfberry during the flowering and fruit setting period and the fruit enlargement period. At this time, there are still about 20% aeration pores in the soil, and oxygen diffusion has not been significantly inhibited. Under normal weather conditions, it will not induce a decrease in Eh value alone; the 70% risk threshold is based on the critical point where soil aeration pores begin to be largely occupied by water and oxygen diffusion is blocked; the 65% replenishment target not only alleviates drought stress but is also lower than the risk threshold, leaving a safety margin. Once conventional irrigation raises the water content to 80%, if continuous rain or poor drainage causes the Eh value to remain below +300mV, the system will automatically pause water and fertilizer injection and initiate a biological agent treatment via step S3, forming a closed-loop control system of "normal irrigation - risk monitoring - precise intervention". These three levels form a gradient of 80% > 70% > 65% > 55%, clearly defining the different control objectives and connection logic for conventional irrigation, risk warning, and drought replenishment.

[0028] 5. In soil nutrient monitoring, this invention employs a multi-sensor fusion scheme involving soil conductivity, soil temperature, and soil moisture sensors. Using a pre-built multiple regression estimation model, temperature-corrected conductivity and soil volumetric water content are converted into estimated values ​​for soil nitrate nitrogen and available potassium content. This method overcomes the shortcomings of conventional ion-selective electrodes, such as difficulty in long-term installation and poor stability, enabling long-term, continuous, and in-situ online monitoring of soil nutrient status. Furthermore, through zonal modeling (modeling separately according to soil texture, fertilization stage, and water content), segmented optimization, and an adaptive calibration mechanism (planting season calibration + deviation-triggered calibration + manual calibration), the estimation accuracy is ensured to meet field management requirements.

[0029] 6. This invention employs a gradually increasing perforation diameter design, from near to far, to solve the problem of uneven water output caused by pressure loss along the pipe in traditional drip irrigation systems. Combined with a protective structure of stainless steel mesh, protective casing, and flow-guiding perforation wings, it prevents clogging and damage. The gradually increasing perforation diameter compensates for pressure loss along the pipe, ensuring a water output uniformity of over 90% along the entire length. This guarantees that each goji berry plant receives an equal supply of water, fertilizer, and beneficial bacteria, promoting uniform plant growth. The flow-guiding perforation wings not only increase the contact area between the pipe and the soil, improving installation stability, but also guide the mixed solution to diffuse evenly in all directions, expanding the root absorption range. Simultaneously, this 30-40cm deep underground drip irrigation method can save 45%-55% of water and 30%-40% of fertilizer, significantly improving the comprehensive utilization rate of water, fertilizer, and beneficial bacteria. Deep underground infiltration irrigation avoids surface evaporation and runoff loss, and biological agents act directly on the target area of ​​the roots, reducing pesticide drift and residues. While improving the yield and quality of wolfberries, it achieves the dual goals of water and fertilizer conservation and green environmental protection. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the supply unit structure of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the protective sleeve structure of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the leakage pipe structure of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. Figure 3 .

[0036] In the picture: 1. Steel frame; 2. Water pump; 3. Main pipeline; 4. Supply unit; 401. Clean water tank; 402. Fertilizer solution tank; 403. Biological agent storage tank; 404. Mixing tank; 405. First water pump; 406. Second water pump; 407. Third water pump; 408. T-joint pipe; 409. First connecting pipe; 410. First extraction pipe; 411. First injection pipe; 412. Second extraction pipe; 413. Second injection pipe; 5. Connectivity components; 501. Cross joint; 502. Horizontal distribution pipe; 503. Connecting joint; 6. Branch pipelines; 7. Drip irrigation pipelines; 8. Leakage pipe; 801. Leakage hole; 9. Barrier net; 10. Casing; 11. Infiltration vane; 12. Filter assembly; 13. One-way valve; 14. Controller; 15. Soil moisture sensor; 16. Soil nutrient sensor; 17. Soil oxidation-reduction potential sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] This invention provides, for example Figures 1 to 6 The device shown is a water, fertilizer and bacteria control device for wolfberry planting based on underground seepage irrigation. It includes a steel frame 1, a water injection pump 2 and a main pipeline 3. The water injection pump 2 is fixedly installed on one side of the steel frame 1 by bolts. The water inlet end of the main pipeline 3 is fixedly connected to the output end of the water injection pump 2 through a flange. A rubber shock-absorbing pad is provided at the bottom of the water injection pump 2. The shock-absorbing pad is sandwiched between the water injection pump 2 and the steel frame 1 to reduce the vibration and noise generated by the water injection pump 2 during operation and extend the service life of the equipment.

[0039] The upper surface of the steel frame 1 is provided with a supply unit 4 for simultaneously supplying clean water, fertilizer solution and biological agent. The supply unit 4 is connected to the main pipeline 3. Specifically, the supply unit 4 includes a clean water supply mechanism, a fertilizer solution supply mechanism, a biological agent supply mechanism and a mixing injection mechanism. The output ends of the clean water supply mechanism and the fertilizer solution supply mechanism are connected to the input end of the mixing injection mechanism. The output ends of the mixing injection mechanism and the biological agent supply mechanism are connected to the main pipeline 3.

[0040] The clean water supply mechanism includes a clean water tank 401 fixedly installed on the upper surface of the steel frame 1, and the fertilizer solution supply mechanism includes a fertilizer solution tank 402 fixedly installed on the upper surface of the steel frame 1, which stores a liquid mother liquor of a preset concentration. The biological agent supply mechanism includes a biological agent storage tank 403 fixedly installed on the upper surface of the steel frame 1. The mixing and injection mechanism includes a mixing tank 404 fixedly installed on the upper surface of the steel frame 1, and a first water pump 405 and a second water pump 406 fixedly installed at the bottom of the steel frame 1. The bottoms of the clean water tank 401, fertilizer solution tank 402, mixing tank 404, and biological agent storage tank 403 are all provided with mounting bases fixedly connected to the upper surface of the steel frame 1. The mounting bases are fastened to the steel frame 1 with bolts, facilitating the disassembly, cleaning, and maintenance of each tank.

[0041] The inlet of the first water pump 405 is fixedly connected to the bottom outlets of the clean water tank 401 and the fertilizer solution tank 402 via a three-way pipe 408. A first flow regulating valve (not shown in the figure) and a second flow regulating valve (not shown in the figure) are respectively installed at the two inlets of the three-way pipe 408 to adjust the mixing ratio of clean water and fertilizer solution. The outlet of the first water pump 405 is fixedly connected to the upper inlet of the mixing tank 404 via a first connecting pipe 409. A low-speed stirring paddle (not shown in the figure) is installed inside the mixing tank 404. The stirring paddle is driven by a small motor to accelerate the uniform mixing of clean water and fertilizer solution and prevent fertilizer solution stratification. The inlet of the second water pump 406 is connected to the bottom outlet of the mixing tank 404 via a first extraction pipe 410, and the output of the second water pump 406 is fixedly connected to the main pipe 3 via a first injection pipe 411. A third water pump 407 is also fixedly installed at the bottom of the steel frame 1. The inlet of the third water pump 407 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the biological agent storage tank 403 through the second liquid extraction pipe 412. The output of the third water pump 407 is fixedly connected to the main pipe 3 through the second injection pipe 413. A third flow regulating valve (not shown in the figure) and a check valve (not shown in the figure) are installed on the second injection pipe 413 to control the injection volume of the biological agent and prevent the liquid in the main pipe 3 from flowing back to the biological agent storage tank 403.

[0042] At least one branch pipe 6 is connected to the end of the main pipe 3 via a connecting component 5. Specifically, a filter assembly 12 and a one-way valve 13 are detachably installed at the end of the main pipe 3. The one-way valve 13 is located on the side of the filter assembly 12 near the water injection pump 2 and is used to prevent soil particles and liquid in the underground irrigation system from flowing back and contaminating the main pipe 3, such as water hammer effect when the irrigation is turned off, causing backflow of water. The filter assembly 12 is a detachable filter with a filtration accuracy of not less than 100 mesh, preferably 120 mesh, used to filter solid impurities in the mixture and prevent subsequent seepage holes 801 from becoming blocked. The connecting component 5 includes a cross joint 501 fixedly installed at the outlet end of the filter assembly 12. The two lateral interfaces of the cross joint 501 are respectively fixedly connected to a lateral distribution pipe 502. Multiple connecting joints 503 are fixedly installed at equal intervals along the axial direction on the outer surface of the lateral distribution pipe 502. The branch pipe 6 is fixedly connected to the lateral distribution pipe 502 through the connecting joints 503. The number of branch pipes 6 can be flexibly adjusted according to the area and planting density of the wolfberry planting area. In this embodiment, each horizontal distribution pipe 502 is equipped with 8 branch pipes 6, corresponding to the conventional row spacing of 3m for wolfberries.

[0043] Multiple drip irrigation pipes 7, distributed along the axis of the branch pipe 6, are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the branch pipe 6. The spacing of the drip irrigation pipes 7 matches the spacing of the wolfberry plants. In this embodiment, the spacing of the drip irrigation pipes 7 is 1.5m. Leakage pipes 8 are installed on the outer surface of each of the multiple drip irrigation pipes 7. The leakage pipes 8 are made of aging-resistant and corrosion-resistant PE material with a wall thickness of 2mm, suitable for long-term underground burial. Multiple leakage holes 801 are opened on the outer surface of the multiple leakage pipes 8, and the multiple leakage holes 801 are arranged along the leakage... The axis of the pipe 8 is evenly distributed in a spiral shape, and the diameter of the multiple seepage holes 801 increases sequentially from the near end (the end closest to the drip irrigation pipe 7) of the seepage pipe 8 to the far end. The diameter of the seepage hole 801 at the near end is 1 mm, and the diameter of the seepage hole 801 at the far end is 2 mm. The gradual change in diameter can compensate for the pressure loss in the pipe, so that the water output of the seepage pipe 8 is uniform throughout the entire length, avoiding the problem of excessive water output at the near end and insufficient water supply at the far end, and ensuring that each wolfberry root system can obtain an equal amount of water, fertilizer and bacteria supply.

[0044] A cylindrical barrier net 9 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the seepage pipe 8. The barrier net 9 is made of 304 stainless steel wire mesh with a mesh size of 0.5mm. It is used to prevent soil particles and fine sand from entering the seepage hole 801 and causing blockage. Of course, the barrier net 9 is not limited to this form; geotextile can also achieve the same effect. A protective casing 10 is also fixedly installed on the outer surface of the seepage pipe 8. The barrier net 9 is located inside the protective casing 10. The protective casing 10 is made of rigid PVC material with a wall thickness of 3mm. It is used to protect the seepage pipe 8 and the barrier net 9 from soil compression and damage from the puncture of wolfberry roots. Four circumferentially evenly distributed flow-guiding and infiltration wings 11 are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the protective casing 10. The flow-guiding and infiltration wings 11 extend along the axial direction of the protective casing 10, and their cross-section is triangular. The flow-guiding and permeation wings 11 can increase the contact area between the casing 10 and the soil, improve the stability of the permeation pipe 8, and prevent the pipe from shifting. On the other hand, they can guide the water-fertilizer-bacteria mixture to permeate and diffuse evenly in all directions, expand the absorption range of the wolfberry roots, and improve the utilization rate of the water-fertilizer-bacteria mixture.

[0045] The device also includes an automatic control unit, which includes a controller 14, a soil moisture sensor 15, a soil nutrient sensor 16, and a soil oxidation-reduction potential sensor 17. The controller 14 is a PLC controller, which is fixedly installed on one side of the steel frame 1 and is electrically connected to the first water pump 405, the second water pump 406, the third water pump 407, the water injection pump 2, and each flow regulating valve.

[0046] Soil moisture sensor 15 and soil redox potential sensor 17 are both buried in the root distribution area at a depth of 35cm in the wolfberry planting area and are electrically connected to the input terminal of controller 14. They are used to monitor the volumetric water content and redox potential of the soil in real time, respectively.

[0047] The soil nutrient sensor 16 includes a soil conductivity sensor and a soil temperature sensor buried at the same depth. The soil moisture sensor 15 simultaneously provides soil volumetric water content data for the soil nutrient sensor 16. The controller 14 has a built-in nutrient estimation module, which stores a multiple regression estimation model established in advance through field calibration experiments.

[0048] The technical principle of this nutrient estimation module lies in the fact that soil electrical conductivity is a comprehensive reflection of the total amount of soluble salt ions in the soil solution. In wolfberry planting areas, the excessive application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers is the main anthropogenic factor causing the periodic increase in root zone soil electrical conductivity, especially in the short term after irrigation and fertilization, where there is a significant positive correlation between the increase in electrical conductivity and the increase in nitrate nitrogen and available potassium. By introducing soil temperature for conductivity temperature compensation correction and introducing soil moisture content to help eliminate interference factors such as surface evaporation and salt accumulation, a multiple regression model can be used to estimate the content of soil nitrate nitrogen and available potassium online. This method overcomes the shortcomings of conventional ion-selective electrodes, such as difficulty in long-term burial and poor stability, and realizes long-term, continuous, and in-situ monitoring of soil nutrient status.

[0049] The controller 14 can automatically control the start and stop of each water pump and valve and the operating parameters according to the preset control program and the real-time monitoring data of the sensor, so as to realize the automatic regulation of water fertilizer bacteria.

[0050] The method for regulating water, fertilizer, and microorganisms in wolfberry cultivation based on subsurface irrigation using the above-mentioned regulating device includes the following steps: S1. System Deployment and Data Acquisition Steps Before planting goji berries, dig trenches with a depth of 30-40cm according to the planting row spacing, preferably around 35cm. Lay the branch pipe 6, drip irrigation pipe 7 and seepage pipe 8 in the trench in sequence, so that the seepage pipe 8 corresponds to the main distribution area of ​​the root system of mature goji berry trees (20-50cm underground). Then backfill the soil and gently compact it.

[0051] Soil moisture sensor 15, soil conductivity sensor, soil temperature sensor, and soil redox potential sensor 17 are buried near the root systems of different wolfberry plants, at the same depth as the seepage pipe 8. One set of sensors is installed for every 5 acres; generally, one device controls one set, but the device can control a larger range. The sensors are used to collect real-time data on soil volumetric water content, conductivity, temperature, and redox potential, and transmit the data to the controller 14.

[0052] S2, Integrated Water and Fertilizer Irrigation and Fertilization Procedures The controller 14 retrieves a preset irrigation and fertilization plan based on the phenological stage of the goji berries. In this embodiment, the target element concentration of the fertilizer solution in the irrigation and fertilization plan is set as follows: From the budding stage to the new shoot growth stage: the main focus is on promoting strong shoots and seedlings, with nitrogen concentration of 150-200 mg / L and phosphorus and potassium concentrations of 60-80 mg / L. Flowering and fruit setting period: Focus on promoting flowering and fruit setting, appropriately reduce nitrogen and increase potassium, with nitrogen concentration at 80-120 mg / L, phosphorus concentration at 40-60 mg / L, and potassium concentration at 120-160 mg / L. During the fruit enlargement period: the main focus is on promoting fruit growth and sweetness, while further controlling nitrogen and increasing potassium. The nitrogen concentration is 60-100 mg / L, the phosphorus concentration is 40-60 mg / L, and the potassium concentration is 180-240 mg / L.

[0053] During irrigation and fertilization, controller 14 starts water pump 2 and first water pump 405, and through flow regulating valves respectively installed in the clean water pipeline and fertilizer solution pipeline, allows clean water and mother liquor of preset concentration to enter the mixing tank 404 according to the calculated ratio. The mixture is thoroughly mixed by the stirring paddle in the mixing tank 404 to form fertilizer solution with the target concentration, which is then injected into the main pipeline 3 by second water pump 406 through first injection pipeline 411. The mixture is then transported sequentially through one-way valve 13, filter assembly 12, transverse distribution pipeline 502, branch pipeline 6, and drip irrigation pipeline 7 to each seepage pipe 8, and slowly seeps into the soil around the wolfberry roots through seepage holes 801.

[0054] During irrigation and fertilization, the controller 14 receives real-time monitoring values ​​from the soil moisture sensor 15. When the soil volumetric water content reaches the preset upper limit of field capacity (set to 80% of field capacity in this embodiment), the controller 14 automatically stops the operation of the water injection pump 2 and the first water pump 405, thus stopping the irrigation. Setting this threshold to 80% rather than a higher value is to provide a safe buffer for disease risk ranges while meeting the water requirements of goji berries, preventing conventional irrigation operations from pushing the soil moisture content to a high-risk level that could induce root rot. 80% of field capacity is a commonly used upper limit reference value for irrigation of dryland crops; at this level, approximately 20% of the soil still has aeration porosity, and oxygen diffusion is not significantly affected.

[0055] S3, Synergistic Control Steps with Biological Agents During the flowering and fruit-setting period and the fruit enlargement period of wolfberry, these two periods are the peak periods for the demand for water and fertilizer, and also the high-incidence periods for root diseases such as root rot and stem base rot. During this stage, the controller 14 acquires the monitoring value Eh of the soil redox potential sensor 17 and the monitoring value of the soil moisture sensor 15 in real time.

[0056] (a) Risk window identification and treatment initiation When both of the following triggering conditions are met simultaneously, the "high humidity and hypoxia" risk window for root rot is considered to be open, and controller 14 automatically initiates a biological agent application course: Triggering condition (a): The soil redox potential (Eh) value remains below +300mV for more than 48 hours; Triggering condition (b): Soil volumetric water content is higher than 70% of field capacity.

[0057] The default setting for the treatment course is two consecutive applications, each 15 days apart. This course design is based on the following: Once wolfberry root rot enters a fertile environment of high humidity and low oxygen, the release of zoospores and the activity of infection by the pathogen enter an active phase. While a single application can introduce beneficial bacteria into the rhizosphere, it is insufficient to establish a stable rhizosphere colonization advantage. Two consecutive applications can consolidate the population of beneficial bacteria and enhance the effect of niche competition. Simultaneously, the flowering and fruit setting period and the fruit enlargement period typically last 30-45 days; the two-application, 15-day interval design covers the main window of this high-risk period. The core design principle of this plan is: once the treatment course is initiated, regardless of changes in intermediate conditions, at least two applications must be completed to ensure that beneficial bacteria establish a stable colonization advantage in the rhizosphere.

[0058] (ii) First application within the course of treatment When the treatment is initiated, i.e. when the initial triggering condition is met, controller 14 executes the following operational logic: (1) Conflict handling: If routine irrigation and fertilization in step S2 is in progress or during the planned execution period, controller 14 will automatically pause or skip the water and fertilizer injection operation. The purpose of this is to avoid further injection of water and fertilizer when the soil moisture content is already too high, which would aggravate the rhizosphere hypoxia and thus worsen the conditions for the occurrence of root rot.

[0059] (2) Independent Injection of Microbial Agent: The controller 14 automatically starts the third water pump 407, using only the minimum amount of clean water required for the dilution and pipeline transportation of the microbial agent as a carrier, to inject the microbial agent into the main pipeline 3 separately through the second injection pipeline 413 according to the preset application amount, and then transport it to the underground root layer through the underground seepage irrigation system. The amount of clean water used as the carrier is 50-100L per mu per application, and its impact on the overall soil moisture content and Eh value is negligible. The single application amount of the microbial agent is 0.3-0.8kg per mu per application, and in this embodiment, it is preferably 0.5kg per mu per application. The effective viable count of the selected microbial agent should be ≥1 billion / gram, and the core strains mainly include Bacillus belyssus (B. belyssus). Bacillus velezensis ), Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis ), Bacillus moghaves ( Bacillus mojavensis ) and salt-resistant Bacillus ( Bacillushalotolerans )wait.

[0060] (3) Risk Relief and Operation Resumption: When the controller 14 detects that the soil redox potential Eh value rises above +400mV and the soil volumetric water content drops below 70% of field capacity, the risk window is closed. At this time, the system resumes operation according to the following rules: a. If the suspended S2 routine irrigation and fertilization has not been completed, it will be automatically resumed to make up the remaining irrigation and fertilization amount; b. If a new irrigation cycle has begun after the pause, then the normal scheduling will be followed.

[0061] (iii) Second application within the course of treatment Fifteen days after the initial application, controller 14 will administer a second application. The method of application for this second application will be selected based on whether the current irrigation period is S2 (water and fertilizer irrigation period). Scenario 1: The second application occurs during the S2 irrigation period (i.e., S2 is being implemented or is planned). At this point, the biological agent is directly mixed into the conventional irrigation water and fertilizer of S2 and delivered simultaneously, without the need for additional operations. The preferred dosage of the agent is the conventional dose (0.5 kg / acre), which is delivered to the root zone along with the water and fertilizer through the underground seepage irrigation system.

[0062] Scenario 2: The second application occurs when S2 is not in the irrigation period (i.e., S2 is idle or suspended). At this point, a small amount of clean water is used as a carrier to inject the biological agent separately into the main pipe 3, which is then transported to the root zone through the underground seepage irrigation system. The preferred dosage of the biological agent is the conventional dose (0.5 kg / mu), and the amount of clean water used as the carrier is 50-100 L per mu per application.

[0063] The treatment course ends after the second application. If the triggering conditions are met again, a new treatment course will be restarted.

[0064] (iv) Administration interval and dosage instructions In the above scheme, the default application interval is set to 15 days, which can be adjusted within the range of 10-20 days according to the actual field conditions. The first application uses the conventional dose (0.5 kg / mu), and the second application also uses the conventional dose. However, if the sensor parameters still meet the two triggering conditions during the second application, the dose can be increased, but the dose should not exceed 3 times the conventional dose.

[0065] S4, Dynamic Coordinated Regulation Steps Throughout the entire growth cycle of wolfberry, controller 14 continuously executes the following control logic based on real-time monitoring data from soil moisture sensor 15 and soil nutrient sensor: Humidity control logic: If soil moisture falls below 55% of field capacity, an automatic irrigation is initiated, replenishing the soil moisture to the required level of 65% of field capacity. This supplementary irrigation target of 65% alleviates drought stress, ensuring normal goji berry growth, while remaining below the 70% humidity threshold for disease risk, leaving a 5% safety margin to prevent the soil moisture content from directly entering the high-humidity range that could induce root rot after irrigation. Furthermore, the 65% target value forms a gradient with the S2 conventional irrigation upper limit of 80%, clearly defining the different functional roles of drought-replenishing irrigation and conventional irrigation.

[0066] Nutrient regulation logic: The controller 14 uses a built-in nutrient estimation module and a pre-built multiple regression model to convert the real-time collected temperature-corrected conductivity value and soil volumetric water content value into estimated values ​​of the current soil nitrate nitrogen content and available potassium content. If the estimated nitrate nitrogen content is below 20 mg / kg or the available potassium content is below 150 mg / kg, the corresponding element application concentration will be automatically increased (i.e., the ratio of fertilizer solution stock solution will be increased) during subsequent irrigation and fertilization steps S2 until the nutrient content recovers to above the threshold. If the estimated nitrate nitrogen content is above 50 mg / kg or the available potassium content is above 300 mg / kg, fertilization will be suspended and irrigation will be appropriately increased to dilute the soil solution concentration and prevent root burn.

[0067] Biological agent control logic: The application of biological agents in step S3 adopts a "trigger start + 2 applications" logic. The first application is injected independently; the second application, depending on whether it coincides with the S2 water and fertilizer irrigation period, is either mixed with water and fertilizer for synchronous delivery or injected independently. Through the above control logic, it is ensured that two applications are completed under any operating conditions, achieving synergy among water, fertilizer, and microorganisms.

[0068] The specific establishment and calibration method of the multiple regression model used in the above nutrient estimation module is as follows: Step 1: Field calibration experiment and data collection Representative sampling points were selected in the wolfberry planting area, covering areas with different soil textures and fertility levels. Soil conductivity sensors, soil temperature sensors, and soil moisture sensors were installed at each sampling point, with the installation depth matching that of the seepage pipe. Throughout a complete fertilization cycle (from one fertilization to the next), soil conductivity (ECa, mS / cm), soil temperature (T, °C), and soil volumetric water content (θ, %) were automatically recorded hourly. Simultaneously, soil samples were taken within a 30cm radius of the sensors before fertilization and at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15 days after fertilization. Soil nitrate nitrogen content (N, mg / kg) and available potassium content (K, mg / kg) were determined using standard laboratory methods, with at least three replicates collected at each time point.

[0069] Step 2: Data Preprocessing and Temperature Correction To eliminate the influence of temperature on conductivity measurements, the conductivity values ​​ECa(T) measured at any temperature are first uniformly corrected to the standard value EC25 at 25℃. The correction formula is as follows: EC25 = ECa(T) / [1 + α × (T - 25)] In the formula, α is the temperature compensation coefficient, which takes a value of 0.02 / ℃.

[0070] Step 3: Establishing a Multiple Regression Model Using laboratory-measured nitrate nitrogen content (N) and available potassium content (K) as dependent variables, and temperature-corrected electrical conductivity (EC25) and soil volumetric water content (θ) as independent variables, a multiple linear regression model was established in the following form: N = a1 × EC25 + b1 × θ + c1 K = a² × EC²⁵ + b² × θ + c² In the formula, a1, b1, c1 and a2, b2, c2 are regression coefficients, which are obtained by least squares fitting.

[0071] In a typical embodiment, for a sandy loam wolfberry orchard in Zhongning, Ningxia, the regression model obtained from the above calibration experiment is as follows: N = 15.8 × EC²⁵ + 0.35 × θ - 3.2 K = 22.6 × EC²⁵ + 0.18 × θ - 8.7 The coefficient of determination (R²) of the model 2 The values ​​reached 0.82 and 0.79 respectively, indicating that the combined interpretation of conductivity and water content can characterize about 80% of the variation in nitrate nitrogen and available potassium content, meeting the accuracy requirements of field online monitoring.

[0072] Step 4: Partitioning and Segmentation Optimization of the Model To improve model accuracy, this embodiment further employs a zonal modeling strategy: dedicated models are established for sandy soil, loam, and clay soil regions based on soil texture; models are established for the rapid rise period (1-3 days after fertilization) and the slow decline period (3-15 days after fertilization) based on fertilization stage; and thresholds are set based on soil moisture content, dividing the data into two datasets—wet and dry—for separate modeling. The controller 14 stores model parameters under these different zonal conditions and automatically calls the corresponding optimal model for estimation based on real-time collected soil texture information and current moisture content.

[0073] Step 5: Online calibration and adaptive update of the model Since soil physicochemical properties can slowly change due to long-term cultivation and changes in organic matter, the nutrient estimation module in this embodiment is equipped with an adaptive update mechanism: before and after each planting season, a comprehensive field sampling and laboratory analysis are conducted, and the measured data are input into the controller 14 to refit the model coefficients; when the controller 14 detects that the deviation between the conductivity correction value EC25 and the predicted value based on the existing model exceeds 30% continuously for more than 7 days, it automatically issues a calibration prompt to remind the user to perform sampling calibration; the controller 14 is equipped with a manual input interface, and the user can input the laboratory analysis results into the system at any time, and the system will automatically correct the model.

[0074] Through the complete model establishment, optimization, calibration and application process described above, this invention realizes the online estimation of soil nitrate nitrogen and available potassium content using conventional measurable parameters, and has strong engineering feasibility and promotion value.

[0075] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water, fertilizer and bacteria regulation device for wolfberry planting based on underground seepage irrigation, comprising a steel frame (1), a water injection pump (2) and a main pipeline (3), wherein the water injection pump (2) is fixedly installed on one side of the steel frame (1), and the water inlet end of the main pipeline (3) is fixedly connected to the output end of the water injection pump (2); Its features are: The upper surface of the steel frame (1) is provided with a supply unit (4) for simultaneously supplying clean water, fertilizer solution and biological agent. The supply unit (4) is connected to the main pipe (3). The end of the main pipe (3) is connected to at least one branch pipe (6) through a connecting component (5). The outer surface of the branch pipe (6) is fixedly connected to multiple drip irrigation pipes (7) distributed along the axis of the branch pipe (6). The outer surfaces of the multiple drip irrigation pipes (7) are respectively equipped with seepage pipes (8). The outer surfaces of the multiple seepage pipes (8) are provided with multiple seepage holes (801), and the diameter of the multiple seepage holes (801) increases sequentially from the proximal end to the distal end of the seepage pipe (8).

2. The water, fertilizer, and microbial regulation device for wolfberry cultivation based on underground seepage irrigation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the leakage pipe (8) is fixedly equipped with a cylindrical mesh (9), and the outer surface of the leakage pipe (8) is also fixedly equipped with a protective sleeve (10). The mesh (9) is located inside the protective sleeve (10). The outer surface of the protective sleeve (10) is fixedly equipped with a plurality of circumferentially distributed flow guiding and permeation wings (11), which extend along the axial direction of the protective sleeve (10).

3. The water, fertilizer, and microbial regulation device for wolfberry cultivation based on underground seepage irrigation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supply unit (4) includes a clean water supply mechanism, a fertilizer supply mechanism, a biological agent supply mechanism and a mixing injection mechanism. The output ends of the clean water supply mechanism and the fertilizer supply mechanism are connected to the input end of the mixing injection mechanism. The output ends of the mixing injection mechanism and the biological agent supply mechanism are connected to the main pipeline (3).

4. The water, fertilizer, and microbial regulation device for wolfberry cultivation based on underground seepage irrigation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The clean water supply mechanism includes a clean water tank (401) fixedly installed on the upper surface of the steel frame (1), the fertilizer solution supply mechanism includes a fertilizer solution tank (402) fixedly installed on the upper surface of the steel frame (1), and the fertilizer solution tank (402) stores a liquid mother liquor of a preset concentration; the biological agent supply mechanism includes a biological agent storage tank (403) fixedly installed on the upper surface of the steel frame (1), and the mixing and injection mechanism includes a mixing tank (404) fixedly installed on the upper surface of the steel frame (1), a first water pump (405) fixedly installed at the bottom of the steel frame (1), and a second water pump (406); The inlet of the first water pump (405) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the clean water tank (401) and the fertilizer tank (402) respectively through a three-way pipe (408), and a flow regulating valve is installed at each of the two inlets of the three-way pipe (408); the outlet of the first water pump (405) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the mixing tank (404) through a first connecting pipe (409); The inlet of the second water pump (406) is connected to the bottom of the mixing tank (404) through the first liquid extraction pipe (410), and the output of the second water pump (406) is fixedly connected to the main pipe (3) through the first injection pipe (411). A third water pump (407) is also fixedly installed at the bottom of the steel frame (1). The water inlet of the third water pump (407) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the biological agent storage tank (403) through the second liquid extraction pipe (412). The output end of the third water pump (407) is fixedly connected to the main pipe (3) through the second injection pipe (413). A check valve is installed on the second injection pipe (413).

5. The water, fertilizer, and microbial regulation device for wolfberry cultivation based on underground seepage irrigation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting component (5) includes a cross joint (501) fixedly installed at the end of the main pipe (3). The cross joint (501) is fixedly connected to a transverse distribution pipe (502) at its transverse interface. Multiple connecting joints (503) are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the transverse distribution pipe (502). The branch pipe (6) is fixedly connected to the transverse distribution pipe (502) through the connecting joints (503). The end of the main pipe (3) is detachably installed with a filter assembly (12) and a one-way valve (13). The one-way valve (13) is located on the side of the filter assembly (12) close to the water injection pump (2). The filtration accuracy of the filter assembly (12) is not less than 100 mesh.

6. The water, fertilizer, and microbial regulation device for wolfberry cultivation based on underground seepage irrigation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom of the clear water tank (401), fertilizer tank (402), mixing tank (404) and biological agent storage tank (403) are all provided with mounting bases that are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the steel frame (1). The mounting bases are fastened to the steel frame (1) by bolts. The bottom of the water injection pump (2) is provided with a shock-absorbing pad, which is sandwiched between the water injection pump (2) and the steel frame (1).

7. The water, fertilizer, and microbial regulation device for wolfberry cultivation based on underground seepage irrigation according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes an automatic control unit, which includes a controller (14), a soil moisture sensor (15), a soil nutrient sensor (16), and a soil redox potential sensor (17); the controller (14) is electrically connected to the first water pump (405), the second water pump (406), the third water pump (407), the water injection pump (2), and each flow regulating valve, respectively; the soil moisture sensor (15), the soil nutrient sensor (16), and the soil redox potential sensor (17) are all electrically connected to the input terminal of the controller (14); The soil nutrient sensor (16) includes a soil conductivity sensor and a soil temperature sensor; the controller (14) has a built-in nutrient estimation module, which stores a multivariate regression estimation model established in advance through field calibration experiments, used to convert the real-time temperature-corrected conductivity value and soil volumetric water content value into estimated values ​​of soil nitrate nitrogen content and available potassium content.

8. A method for regulating water, fertilizer, and microbial processes in wolfberry cultivation based on subsurface irrigation, using the regulating device as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Bury the branch pipe (6), drip irrigation pipe (7) and seepage pipe (8) at a depth of 30-40cm in the wolfberry planting area, so that the seepage pipe (8) corresponds to the root distribution area of ​​the wolfberry plant; bury the soil moisture sensor (15), soil nutrient sensor (16) and soil redox potential sensor (17) which are electrically connected to the controller (14) in the root layer at the same depth; S2. The controller (14) retrieves the preset irrigation and fertilization plan according to the phenological stage of the wolfberry. The fertilizer solution in the irrigation and fertilization plan is set with the target element concentration. The controller (14) starts the water injection pump (2) and the first water pump (405). Through the flow regulating valves set in the clear water pipeline and the fertilizer solution pipeline respectively, the clear water and the mother liquor of the preset concentration enter the mixing tank (404) according to the calculated ratio. After being mixed evenly, it is transported to the wolfberry root system through the main pipeline (3) and the underground seepage irrigation system. When the soil volume water content reaches 80% of the field water holding capacity, the irrigation is stopped. S3. During the flowering and fruit setting period and the fruit enlargement period of wolfberry, when the soil redox potential Eh value is continuously lower than +300mV for more than 48 hours and the soil volume water content is higher than 70% of the field water holding capacity, the controller (14) automatically starts a biological agent application course; during the first application, the regular water and fertilizer injection is suspended, and the biological agent is injected separately into the main pipeline (3) and transported to the underground root layer using only a small amount of water as a carrier; the second application is carried out 15 days later, and the choice is to mix it with water and fertilizer for synchronous delivery or inject it independently depending on whether the second application time is during the water and fertilizer irrigation period; S4. If the soil moisture is lower than 55% of the field capacity, supplementary irrigation will be initiated to 65%. If the estimated soil nitrate nitrogen content is lower than 20 mg / kg or the estimated available potassium content is lower than 150 mg / kg, the application concentration of the corresponding elements will be automatically increased during subsequent irrigation and fertilization. The application of biological agents will only start the treatment when its triggering conditions are met, realizing independent triggering and synergistic operation of water, fertilizer and bacteria.

9. A method for regulating water, fertilizer, and microorganisms in wolfberry cultivation based on underground seepage irrigation according to claim 8, characterized in that, The target element concentrations of the fertilizer solution in the irrigation and fertilization scheme described in S2 are set as follows: From the budding stage to the new shoot growth stage: nitrogen concentration is 150-200 mg / L, and phosphorus and potassium concentrations are both 60-80 mg / L; Flowering and fruit setting period: nitrogen concentration 80-120 mg / L, phosphorus concentration 40-60 mg / L, potassium concentration 120-160 mg / L; During the fruit enlargement period: nitrogen concentration is 60-100 mg / L, phosphorus concentration is 40-60 mg / L, and potassium concentration is 180-240 mg / L.

10. A method for regulating water, fertilizer, and microorganisms in wolfberry cultivation based on subsurface irrigation according to claim 8, characterized in that, The amount of trace clean water mentioned in S3 is 50-100L per mu per application; the amount of biological agent applied at one time is 0.3-0.8kg per mu per application; the nutrient estimation module in S4 adopts a multiple regression model, using the temperature-corrected conductivity value and soil volumetric water content as independent variables to calculate the estimated values ​​of soil nitrate nitrogen and available potassium content. The model is established through field calibration experiments and optimized and calibrated according to the zonal modeling strategy and adaptive update mechanism.

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