A method for transplanting and hardening seedlings of celeriac
By dividing the seedling establishment period of Erycibe into three stages and formulating differentiated management measures, the problem of lack of systematic management in existing technologies was solved, the transplant survival rate was improved and the seedling establishment period was shortened.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- DEHONG RUIDENONG AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-07-01
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-04
AI Technical Summary
Existing eryngium cultivation techniques lack systematic and phased transplanting and seedling recovery management methods, resulting in low transplant survival rates and long recovery periods, making it difficult to meet the precise management needs of different recovery stages.
The seedling establishment period was divided into an acute wilting period, a root recovery period, and a new leaf growth period. Differentiated water management, shading management, and root growth promotion management were adopted for each period, including pre-treatment before transplanting and auxin treatment during the seedling establishment period.
It improved the transplant survival rate, shortened the seedling recovery period, met the needs of precise management at different stages, and promoted the rapid recovery and growth of seedlings.
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Figure CN122498397A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, and in particular to a method for managing the transplanting and recovery of eryngium seedlings. Background Technology
[0002] Eryngium foetidum L., also known as wild coriander, is a perennial herb belonging to the genus Eryngium in the family Apiaceae. Its young leaves are rich in various aromatic substances and bioactive components, possessing aromatic stomachic, carminative, analgesic, and wind-dispelling properties. It has a long history of use among ethnic minorities such as the Dai, Jingpo, and Wa, and has significant potential for development and application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In recent years, the economic benefits of Eryngium as a specialty vegetable have become increasingly prominent, and farmers have an urgent need for standardized and regulated Eryngium cultivation techniques.
[0003] Currently, the main propagation methods for eryngium are seed propagation and division propagation. Because eryngium seedlings grow slowly, it is generally recommended to use seedling pots or plug trays for cultivation, and transplant them when the seedlings have 4-5 leaves. The planting spacing is generally 30 cm × 20 cm, and watering should be done promptly after transplanting.
[0004] Existing information on the cultivation techniques of aralia can be found in the article "Specialty Health Wild Coriander - Aralia" published in the 5th issue of Agricultural Technology Service in 2006. The aforementioned literature only records general practices such as "watering promptly after transplanting", "not watering too much during the seedling stage", and "providing appropriate shade during the high temperatures of summer", without addressing the systematic management of the seedling establishment period.
[0005] However, existing eryngium cultivation techniques still have the following shortcomings in the management of seedlings during the recovery period after transplanting: Firstly, the management measures during the seedling establishment period are extensive and lack differentiation between stages. Existing technical data provides extremely brief descriptions of the management of eryngium seedlings after transplanting, only mentioning general practices such as watering immediately after planting or placing them in a shady place for a week to establish themselves. No differentiated management plans are developed based on the physiological characteristics of different seedling establishment stages. After transplanting, eryngium seedlings need to undergo a complete physiological adaptation process from acute wilting to root recovery and then to new leaf growth. The requirements for water, light, and humidity differ significantly at each stage. Simply placing them in a shady place for a week to establish themselves is insufficient to meet the precise management needs of each stage.
[0006] Secondly, there is a lack of systematic shading management solutions. Existing technologies only vaguely mention that appropriate shading is necessary during the high temperatures of summer, without providing specific control ranges for shading rates or clarifying the shading gradients for different seedling establishment stages. Seedlings are extremely sensitive to strong light in the early stages of transplanting, and insufficient shading can lead to excessive leaf transpiration and exacerbate wilting. On the other hand, excessive shading in the later stages of seedling establishment is not conducive to the recovery of photosynthesis and the growth of new leaves. Shading management without quantitative indicators is difficult to implement accurately in actual production.
[0007] Third, water management lacks refined operational procedures. Existing technologies only provide general guidelines for water management during the seedling stage of eryngium, such as avoiding excessive watering, without developing differentiated watering strategies for different stages after transplanting. While thoroughly watering immediately after transplanting is a common practice, specific guidance is lacking regarding subsequent watering timing, water volume, and air humidity control. In practice, growers often rely on experience, easily leading to problems such as overwatering causing root rot or underwatering causing drought stress.
[0008] Fourth, there is a lack of systematic root growth management measures. Roots are inevitably damaged during transplanting, and rapid root recovery is key to successful seedling establishment. There are no specific management measures for promoting root growth after transplanting eryngii in the existing technology. Although rooting promoters such as indolebutyric acid (IBA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) have been used in the transplanting of other plants, there are no public reports on the specific application time, concentration and dosage in the seedling establishment of eryngii transplanting.
[0009] In summary, current eryngium cultivation techniques lack a systematic and phased transplanting and seedling recovery management method, making it difficult to effectively improve transplant survival rate, shorten the recovery period, and promote rapid seedling recovery and growth. Therefore, a eryngium seedling transplanting and recovery management method is needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention
[0010] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems mentioned in the background section.
[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for managing the transplanting and recovery period of eryngium seedlings includes the following steps: Pre-transplanting treatment: Harden off the seedlings of Erycibe for 7-10 days, water them thoroughly 2-3 days before transplanting, and stop watering 12-24 hours before transplanting; Transplanting procedure: Choose a cloudy day or the evening of a sunny day to transplant the seedlings with soil attached. Staged management during the seedling establishment period: The seedling establishment period is divided into three stages: the acute wilting period on days 1-3 after transplanting, the root recovery period on days 4-7 after transplanting, and the new leaf growth period on days 8-14 after transplanting. Differentiated water management, shading management and root growth promotion management are adopted for each stage. Determining the end of the seedling establishment period and transitioning to routine management: When the seedlings show new leaves starting to grow, the leaves stand upright and turn green, and there is resistance when the seedlings are gently lifted, the seedling establishment period is considered to be over, and routine field management can be transitioned to routine management.
[0012] Preferably, the hardening-off process is gradual, with ventilation and light intensity gradually increased. During the hardening-off period, the substrate moisture content is controlled at 60%-70% by volume, and nitrogen fertilizer application is stopped.
[0013] Preferably, the pre-transplanting pretreatment further includes a root pretreatment step: irrigating the substrate once with an indolebutyric acid solution at a concentration of 50-100 mg / L 3-5 days before transplanting.
[0014] Preferably, in the planting operation, the planting depth is determined by covering the top of the substrate clump with soil to avoid burying the new leaves.
[0015] Preferably, in the planting operation, the planting density is 30cm × 20cm between rows and plants.
[0016] Preferably, the management measures for the acute wilting period are as follows: water thoroughly immediately after transplanting, with the water temperature at 20-25℃; spray the leaves with water 1-2 times when wilting occurs within 12 hours after watering; control the shading rate at 60%-75%; and maintain the relative humidity at 80%-90%.
[0017] Preferably, the management measures during the root recovery period are as follows: watering management is carried out according to the principle of "watering when dry", that is, watering thoroughly when the topsoil turns white; the shading rate is controlled at 40%-50%; on the 5th day after transplanting, the roots are irrigated once with a solution of naphthaleneacetic acid or indolebutyric acid with a concentration of 30-50mg / L, with 50-100mL applied to each plant.
[0018] Preferably, the management measures during the new leaf growth period are as follows: keep the soil moist but not waterlogged; reduce the shading rate to below 20% or remove the shade net; apply nitrogen fertilizer once after the new leaves begin to grow.
[0019] Preferably, the transplanting with soil is carried out while keeping the root ball intact.
[0020] Preferably, the evening of a cloudy or sunny day is specifically: after 4 pm in spring and autumn, and after 5 pm in summer.
[0021] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention systematically divides the seedling recovery period of eryngium transplanting into three stages: acute wilting period, root recovery period, and new leaf growth period, and formulates differentiated management measures for each stage, thus overcoming the shortcomings of the existing technology in the extensive management of the seedling recovery period and the lack of stage differentiation.
[0022] 2. This invention overcomes the deficiency of existing technologies in shading management by setting clear shading rate gradients for each seedling recovery stage, namely 60%-75% during the acute wilting period, 40%-50% during the root recovery period, and reducing to below 20% or removing the shading net during the new leaf growth period.
[0023] 3. This invention overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies in water management by formulating differentiated water management strategies for different seedling stages: during the acute wilting period, water thoroughly at 20-25℃ to settle the roots and combine with foliar spraying for water replenishment; during the root recovery period, water according to the principle of watering when the soil is dry; and during the new leaf growth period, keep the soil moist but not waterlogged.
[0024] 4. This invention establishes a root-promoting management program that combines IBA pretreatment before transplanting with NAA / IBA root irrigation during the seedling establishment period. The substrate is irrigated once with 50-100 mg / L IBA 3-5 days before transplanting, and 30-50 mg / L NAA or IBA is applied once to the roots on the 5th day after transplanting, with 50-100 mL applied per plant. This overcomes the deficiency of the lack of systematic root-promoting management measures in the prior art. Attached Figure Description
[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0026] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the transplanting and seedling management method for eryngium seedlings according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.
[0028] Reference Figure 1 ; Example 1: This embodiment provides a specific implementation plan for the management of seedling transplantation and slow-release of eryngium seedlings.
[0029] This embodiment is applicable to the scenario of cultivating eryngium in greenhouses or open fields in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in spring, from late March to mid-April. At this time, the temperature gradually rises, but the temperature difference between day and night is large and the light intensity is moderate, which is the suitable time for transplanting eryngium.
[0030] Implementation conditions: Use eryngium seedlings cultivated in nutrient pots or plug trays, with a seedling age of 4-5 leaves. Hardening off the seedlings should begin 7 days before transplanting. Specifically: for the first 3 days, open the greenhouse film for ventilation for 2 hours each morning, gradually increasing the light intensity to 60% of natural light; on days 4-5, extend the ventilation time to 4 hours and increase the light intensity to 80% of natural light; on days 6-7, ventilate all day and increase the light intensity to 100% of natural light. During hardening off, control the substrate moisture content to 65% by volume, and stop applying nitrogen fertilizer. Water thoroughly 3 days before transplanting, and stop watering 12 hours before transplanting. 4 days before transplanting, irrigate the substrate once with a 75 mg / L indolebutyric acid (IBA) solution, ensuring each plug tray is thoroughly moistened.
[0031] Transplanting Procedure: Transplanting should begin on a sunny afternoon after 4 PM. When lifting the seedling, keep the root ball intact. Gently pinch the side of the pot and support the bottom of the root ball to prevent it from crumbling. For planting, make planting holes 30cm x 20cm apart, with the hole depth equal to the height of the root ball. Place the seedling with its root ball in the planting hole, cover the top of the root ball with soil, and gently compact the soil, ensuring close contact between the root ball and the surrounding soil, but avoid burying new leaves. Water thoroughly immediately after transplanting. The water should be pre-cooled to 22℃ for later use.
[0032] Seedling establishment period management process: Acute wilting period (days 1-3 after transplanting): On the day of transplanting, thoroughly water the plants to help them establish roots, then cover them with a shade net to maintain a shading rate of 65%-70%. On the first day after transplanting, spray the leaves twice a day, at 8:00 AM and 4:00 PM, ensuring each spray is until the leaves are evenly moistened but not dripping. Use a sprayer to apply a fine mist, keeping the nozzle 30-40cm away from the leaves and moving it evenly. Maintain a relative humidity of 85%-90% by watering the ground inside the greenhouse and using misting nozzles.
[0033] In this embodiment, a black shade net with a 70% shading rate is selected and hung at a height of 80-100cm above the top of the seedlings to ensure good ventilation. Foliar spraying uses clean water at a temperature consistent with room temperature (approximately 20-25℃) to avoid cold water stimulation. Relative humidity is monitored in real time using a hygrometer; if humidity is too low, the frequency of watering is increased; if humidity is too high, appropriate ventilation is provided.
[0034] During the root recovery period, days 4-7 after transplanting: Starting from day 4, replace the shade net with a 45% shading rate, or adjust the number of shade net layers to reduce the shading rate from 70% to 45%. Water according to the "water when dry" principle. The specific judgment method is: observe the surface soil color at 8:00 AM every day. If the surface soil is white, water thoroughly; if the surface soil is still dark, do not water that day. The amount of water each time is based on the amount of water that seeps out from the bottom of the planting hole. On the 5th day after transplanting, drench the roots once with a 40mg / L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) solution, applying 75mL per plant. When drenching the roots, use a syringe or measuring cup without a needle to slowly inject the solution into the soil around the roots, avoiding splashing the solution onto the leaves. In this example, the criterion for whitening the surface soil is: the top 1-2cm of soil becomes lighter in color, grayish-white, and feels dry to the touch. Drench the roots after 4:00 PM when the temperature drops to reduce the evaporation loss of the solution. NAA solution should be prepared and used immediately to avoid loss of efficacy due to prolonged storage.
[0035] New leaf growth period (days 8-14 after transplanting): Remove the shade netting from day 8 to allow seedlings to receive natural sunlight. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged, and adjust the watering frequency to once every 2-3 days, watering thoroughly each time. After observing the new leaves starting to grow on day 9, apply nitrogen fertilizer once, specifically: prepare a 0.3% urea solution with water and apply 100mL per plant. In this example, the criterion for judging whether the soil is moist but not waterlogged is: the soil moisture content is maintained at 60%-70% of field capacity, and the soil can be formed into a clump when squeezed by hand, but no water can be squeezed out between the fingers. When applying nitrogen fertilizer, avoid direct contact between the fertilizer and the base of the seedling stem; apply it in a ring shape 5cm away from the base of the stem to prevent burning the seedlings.
[0036] Determining the end of the seedling establishment period: Observe the seedlings on the 10th day after transplanting. The new leaves should have clearly elongated, the leaves should be upright, and the leaf color should have changed from yellowish-green to dark green. Gently lift the base of the seedling stem and feel obvious resistance, indicating that new roots have emerged and established good contact with the soil. At this point, the seedling establishment period is considered over, and routine field management can begin.
[0037] Routine Management: After transitioning to routine management, apply compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15) every 20 days at a rate of 15-20 kg per acre. Water promptly after fertilization. Keep the soil moist, weed regularly, and pay attention to the prevention and control of aphids and leaf spot.
[0038] The technical effect of this embodiment: The method of this embodiment for transplanting eryngium can effectively improve the transplant survival rate and shorten the seedling recovery period.
[0039] Example 2; This embodiment provides a specific implementation plan for another method of transplanting and managing eryngium seedlings, the main difference from embodiment one being that the transplanting season is the summer high-temperature period.
[0040] This example is applicable to the cultivation of Erycibe obtusifolia in greenhouses or open fields in southern regions during the summer, from mid-June to early July. At this time, the temperature is high (daily high temperature can reach above 35°C), the sunlight is strong, the transplanting stress is most severe, and the requirements for seedling management are the highest.
[0041] Implementation conditions: Use eryngium seedlings cultivated in nutrient pots, with 4-5 leaves. Begin hardening off the seedlings 10 days before transplanting, with greater intensity than in spring: For the first 4 days, open the greenhouse film for ventilation for 3 hours each morning, increasing light exposure to 50% of natural light; from days 5-7, extend ventilation to 5 hours and increase light exposure to 70% of natural light; from days 8-10, ventilate all day and remove some shading materials, increasing light exposure to 90% of natural light. During hardening off, control the substrate moisture content at 60% by volume (slightly lower than in spring to enhance drought resistance), and stop applying nitrogen fertilizer. Water thoroughly 2 days before transplanting, and stop watering 24 hours before transplanting. Five days before transplanting, irrigate the substrate once with a 50 mg / L IBA solution. In the high temperatures of summer, the hormone concentration should be lower to avoid phytotoxicity.
[0042] Transplanting procedure: Transplanting should begin on a cloudy day or after 5 PM on a sunny day, avoiding the hottest part of the day. The lifting and planting procedures are the same as in Example 1. Immediately after planting, water thoroughly to settle the roots. The water temperature should be controlled at 20-22℃. Well water can be used, or the seedlings can be placed in a cool, shady place beforehand to lower the temperature. In this example, during summer transplanting, a 2-3cm layer of damp sand or moist coconut coir can be laid at the bottom of the planting hole to increase the water buffering capacity around the roots and reduce high temperature and drought stress. After planting, a thin layer of straw or coconut coir (1-2cm thick) can be covered around the seedlings to retain moisture and lower the temperature.
[0043] Seedling establishment period management process: During the acute wilting period, on days 1-3 after transplanting: the shading rate should be controlled at 70%-75%, higher than in spring, to adapt to stronger sunlight. After thoroughly watering the plants on the day of transplanting, perform foliar spraying three times a day on the first day after transplanting: at 7:00 AM, 10:00 AM, and 4:00 PM. Maintain relative humidity at 85%-90% by using a misting system in the greenhouse, spraying every 2 hours for 5 minutes each time.
[0044] In this embodiment, a small amount (0.1%) of sucrose or glucose can be added to the root-setting water during the high temperatures of summer to provide a quick carbon source for the roots and promote root recovery. Foliar spraying is best done in the early morning and evening, and should not be done during the midday high-temperature period to avoid leaf burn. The shade net should be black with a 75% shading rate, and a distance of 50-60cm should be maintained between the shade net and the top of the seedling to facilitate ventilation and cooling.
[0045] During the root recovery period, days 4-7 after transplanting: From day 4 onwards, reduce the shading rate to 45%-50%. Watering should still follow the principle of "watering when dry," but due to high evaporation in summer, the surface soil condition needs to be checked daily, usually requiring watering once a day, ideally between 6-7 am. On day 5 after transplanting, drench the roots once with a 30 mg / L NAA solution (the concentration should be lower in high summer temperatures), applying 50 mL per plant.
[0046] In this embodiment, watering in summer should be done in the early morning when the water temperature is closest to the soil temperature, minimizing root irritation. In case of continuous high temperature and drought, a small amount of mist can be sprayed on the leaves each evening (just enough to moisten the leaves), but the amount of soil water should not be increased. When watering the roots, the NAA concentration should be controlled at the lower limit of 30 mg / L to avoid excessive hormone activity at high temperatures, which could lead to phytotoxicity.
[0047] New leaf growth period (days 8-14 after transplanting): From day 8, reduce the shading rate to 20% or remove the shade net. Keep the soil moist; water every 1-2 days in summer, still in the early morning. On day 9, after new leaves begin to grow, apply nitrogen fertilizer once. Because nitrogen fertilizer is easily volatilized and lost in the high temperatures of summer, use a fertigation method to apply a 0.2% urea solution, 80mL per plant. In this example, the concentration of nitrogen fertilizer applied in summer should be lower than in spring (0.2% vs 0.3%) to avoid burning the seedlings due to excessive nitrogen concentration at high temperatures. After fertilization, immediately rinse the leaves with a small amount of clean water to prevent fertilizer burn.
[0048] The determination of the end of the seedling establishment period is the same as in Example 1. Under high temperature conditions in summer, the seedling establishment period is usually 12-14 days.
[0049] The technical effect of this embodiment: Transplanting eryngii in summer using the method of this embodiment can effectively improve the survival rate of transplanted eryngii under high temperature conditions in summer and shorten the seedling recovery period.
[0050] Example 3; This embodiment provides a specific implementation plan for another method of transplanting and managing eryngium seedlings. The main difference from Embodiment 1 is that it adopts a combination of root pretreatment (IBA irrigation substrate) and root irrigation during the seedling establishment period (NAA root irrigation) before transplanting.
[0051] This embodiment is applicable to the scenario of cultivating eryngium outdoors in southern regions from mid-September to early October. Autumn is another suitable time for transplanting eryngium, as the temperature is moderate and the sunlight gradually weakens.
[0052] Implementation conditions: Use seedlings of Erycibe obtusifolia grown in plug trays, with 4-5 leaves. Hardening off the seedlings begins 8 days before transplanting: for the first 3 days, ventilate for 3 hours daily and increase light intensity to 70% of natural light; for days 4-6, ventilate for 5 hours daily and increase light intensity to 85% of natural light; for days 7-8, ventilate all day and increase light intensity to 100% of natural light. During hardening off, control the substrate moisture content to 70% by volume and stop applying nitrogen fertilizer. Water thoroughly 3 days before transplanting, and stop watering 18 hours before transplanting. 4 days before transplanting, irrigate the substrate once with a 100 mg / L IBA solution (a higher concentration can be used in autumn when temperatures are suitable), watering each plug tray until the substrate is fully moistened.
[0053] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that Embodiment 1 only used IBA treatment (50-100 mg / L) before transplanting, and did not use rooting agents during the root recovery period; while this embodiment, in addition to IBA treatment (100 mg / L) before transplanting, uses NAA (40 mg / L) for root irrigation during the root recovery period (5 days after transplanting), forming a root-promoting combination scheme of IBA pretreatment before transplanting + NAA root irrigation during the root recovery period. IBA pretreatment before transplanting can initiate the root-promoting response before transplanting, shortening the lag period of rooting after transplanting; NAA root irrigation during the root recovery period provides a second root-promoting signal during the critical window of root recovery. The synergistic effect of the two can maximize the promotion of new root occurrence and elongation.
[0054] Transplanting procedure: Transplanting should be carried out on a cloudy day. The seedling lifting and planting procedures are the same as in Example 1.
[0055] Seedling establishment period management process: Acute wilting period (days 1-3 after transplanting): Immediately after transplanting, water thoroughly to settle the roots. The water temperature should be 23-25℃. The shading rate should be controlled at 60%-65%, and the relative humidity should be maintained at 80%-85%. Foliar spraying for watering is the same as in Example 1.
[0056] Root recovery period (days 4-7 after transplanting): From day 4 onwards, the shading rate should be controlled at 40%-45%. Watering should be carried out according to the "water when dry" principle. On day 5 after transplanting, drench the roots once with a 40mg / L NAA solution, applying 100mL per plant, which is slightly larger than the amount used in Example 1, because the root system is more active and has better absorption capacity in autumn.
[0057] In this embodiment, the NAA stock solution is first diluted to 40 mg / L before root irrigation. It should be prepared and used immediately. Before irrigation, check the soil moisture. If the topsoil is dry, first moisten the soil with a small amount of water, then apply the NAA solution to facilitate even distribution of the solution around the roots. Do not water for two days after irrigation to ensure full absorption of the solution.
[0058] New leaf growth period (days 8-14 after transplanting): Remove the shade netting starting on day 8. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. On day 9, after new leaves begin to grow, apply nitrogen fertilizer once, using a 0.3% urea solution diluted with water, applying 100mL per plant.
[0059] The determination of the end of the seedling establishment period is the same as in Example 1.
[0060] The technical effect of this embodiment is that by combining IBA pretreatment before transplanting with NAA root irrigation during the seedling recovery period, the root recovery process can be further accelerated and the seedling recovery period can be shortened.
[0061] Example 4; This embodiment provides a specific implementation plan for the management of seedling transplantation and recovery of eryngium seedlings. The difference from Embodiment 1 is that the shading rate at each stage of the recovery period adopts a continuous gradient change scheme instead of a phased switching scheme.
[0062] This example applies to the cultivation of eryngium in greenhouses in northern regions during spring. In northern regions, spring temperatures rise more slowly and sunlight intensity is lower, resulting in different shading requirements compared to the south.
[0063] Implementation conditions: Same as Example 1, but the hardening-off period is shortened to 7 days. In northern regions, spring temperatures are low and sunlight is weak, resulting in lower hardening-off requirements. Hardening-off begins 7 days before transplanting: for the first 3 days, ventilate for 2 hours and increase light intensity to 70% of natural light; for days 4-5, ventilate for 4 hours and increase light intensity to 85% of natural light; for days 6-7, ventilate all day and increase light intensity to natural light. During hardening-off, control the substrate moisture content to 65% by volume and stop applying nitrogen fertilizer. Water thoroughly 3 days before transplanting, and stop watering 12 hours before transplanting. 3 days before transplanting, irrigate the substrate once with a 60 mg / L IBA solution.
[0064] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 lies in the shading management method: Embodiment 1 uses a phased shading switching method, with 70% shading during the acute wilting period, 45% during the root recovery period, and removal during the new leaf growth period. This embodiment, however, uses a continuous gradient change method, starting with 70% shading rate on the first day after transplanting, decreasing by approximately 3-4 percentage points each day until reaching 0% and being completely removed on the 14th day. Specifically: Day 1: 70%; Day 2: 67%; Day 3: 63%; Day 4: 60%; Day 5: 56%; Day 6: 53%; Day 7: 49%; Day 8: 46%; Day 9: 42%; Day 10: 38%; Day 11: 35%; Day 12: 31%; Day 13: 28%; Day 14: 0% (shading net removed). In this embodiment, the continuous gradient change is achieved by adjusting the number of shading net layers daily or replacing shading nets with different shading rates.
[0065] For example, use two layers of shade netting (each with a 35% shading rate) stacked on top of each other, and gradually reduce the shading rate by removing one layer or adjusting the coverage area each day. The daily adjustment time is 6-7 am, avoiding operation during the midday high temperature period.
[0066] Transplanting procedure: Same as in Example 1.
[0067] Seedling establishment period management process: Acute wilting period (days 1-3 after transplanting): Immediately after transplanting, water thoroughly to settle the roots. The water temperature should be 20-22℃. Shading rate should follow the gradient scheme described above (70%, 67%, and 63% for days 1-3 respectively). Maintain relative humidity at 80%-90%. Foliar spraying for watering is the same as in Example 1.
[0068] Root recovery period (days 4-7 after transplanting): Water according to the "water when dry" principle. Shading rate should be implemented according to the gradient plan (60%, 56%, 53%, and 49% for days 4-7 respectively). On day 5 after transplanting, drench the roots once with a 35 mg / L NAA solution, applying 60 mL per plant.
[0069] During the new leaf growth period (days 8-14 after transplanting): Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Continue to decrease the shading rate according to the gradient plan (46%, 42%, 38%, 35%, 31%, 28%, 0% for days 8-14 respectively). Apply nitrogen fertilizer once after the new leaves begin to grow on day 10.
[0070] The determination of the end of the seedling establishment period is the same as in Example 1.
[0071] The technical effect of this embodiment is that the continuous gradient shading method makes the changes in the seedling light environment more gradual, avoiding the "sudden change in light stress" that may be caused by staged switching, and can further reduce the degree of transplanting stress.
[0072] The raw materials used in this method (IBA, NAA, urea, compound fertilizer, shade net, etc.) are all commercially available conventional agricultural materials, and the equipment used (sprayer, thermometer, hygrometer, syringe, measuring cup, etc.) are all conventional agricultural tools that can be obtained by those skilled in the art without special means.
[0073] Repeatability of operating conditions: In each embodiment, clear numerical ranges are given for key parameters such as temperature (20-25℃), shading rate (60%-75%, 40%-50%, below 20%), concentration (50-100mg / L, 30-50mg / L), and time (days 1-3, 4-7, and 8-14 after transplanting). Those skilled in the art can repeat the present invention by operating according to these parameters.
[0074] The operability of the judgment criteria: the judgment criteria such as "see dry and water thoroughly", "the topsoil turns white", "new leaves begin to grow", "the leaves stand upright and turn green", and "there is resistance when you lift the seedling" are all common terms and routine operations in the agricultural field. Those skilled in the art can make accurate judgments based on their daily experience and the description in this manual.
[0075] Completeness of each embodiment: Each embodiment fully describes the entire process from seedling hardening, transplanting to the management of each stage of the seedling establishment period, and then to the transition to routine management after the seedling establishment period, without omitting any key steps or conditions.
[0076] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of protection claimed by the appended claims and their equivalents is defined.
Claims
1. A method for managing the transplanting and recovery period of eryngium seedlings, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Pre-transplanting treatment: Harden off the seedlings of Erycibe for 7-10 days, water them thoroughly 2-3 days before transplanting, and stop watering 12-24 hours before transplanting; Transplanting procedure: Choose a cloudy day or the evening of a sunny day to transplant the seedlings with soil attached. Staged management during the seedling establishment period: The seedling establishment period is divided into three stages: the acute wilting period on days 1-3 after transplanting, the root recovery period on days 4-7 after transplanting, and the new leaf growth period on days 8-14 after transplanting. Differentiated water management, shading management and root growth promotion management are adopted for each stage. Determining the end of the seedling establishment period and transitioning to routine management: When the seedlings show new leaves starting to grow, the leaves stand upright and turn green, and there is resistance when the seedlings are gently lifted, the seedling establishment period is considered to be over, and routine field management can be transitioned to routine management.
2. The method for managing the transplanting and recovery of *Erycibe obtusifolia* seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hardening-off process is gradual, with ventilation and light intensity gradually increased. During the hardening-off period, the substrate moisture content is controlled at 60%-70% by volume, and nitrogen fertilizer application is stopped.
3. The method for managing the transplanting and recovery of *Erycibe obtusifolia* seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-transplanting treatment also includes a root pre-treatment step: irrigating the substrate once with an indolebutyric acid solution with a concentration of 50-100 mg / L 3-5 days before transplanting.
4. The method for managing the transplanting and recovery of *Erycibe obtusifolia* seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the planting operation, the planting depth should be such that the top of the substrate clump is covered with soil to avoid burying the new leaves.
5. The method for managing the transplanting and recovery of *Erycibe obtusifolia* seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the planting operation, the planting density is set at a row spacing of 30cm × 20cm.
6. The method for managing the transplanting and recovery of *Erycibe obtusifolia* seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The management measures for the acute wilting period are as follows: water thoroughly immediately after transplanting, with the water temperature at 20-25℃; spray the leaves with water 1-2 times if wilting occurs within 12 hours after watering; control the shading rate at 60%-75%; and maintain the relative humidity at 80%-90%.
7. The method for managing the transplanting and recovery of *Erycibe obtusifolia* seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The management measures for the root system recovery period are as follows: watering management should be carried out according to the principle of "watering when dry", that is, watering thoroughly when the topsoil turns white; the shading rate should be controlled at 40%-50%; on the 5th day after transplanting, drench the roots once with a solution of naphthaleneacetic acid or indolebutyric acid with a concentration of 30-50mg / L, applying 50-100mL per plant.
8. The method for managing the transplanting and recovery of *Erycibe obtusifolia* seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The management measures during the new leaf growth period are as follows: keep the soil moist but not waterlogged; reduce the shading rate to below 20% or remove the shade net; apply nitrogen fertilizer once after the new leaves begin to grow.
9. The method for managing the transplanting and recovery of *Erycibe obtusifolia* seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transplanting with soil in the name refers to transplanting while keeping the root ball intact.
10. The method for managing the transplanting and recovery of *Erycibe obtusifolia* seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific evenings for cloudy or sunny days are: after 4 pm in spring and autumn, and after 5 pm in summer.