A solanoid electrospun nanofiber dressing, and a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a solanesol electrospun nanofiber dressing, its preparation method, and its application. The dressing comprises a hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / sandanesol composite fiber membrane, mainly composed of a hydrophilic polymer membrane substrate and a nanofiber functional layer formed thereon. The nanofiber functional layer is mainly formed by electrospinning solanesol and natural polymer hydrogel in a mass ratio of 20:1 to 30:1, and loaded with 0.1 to 1 wt% of nano-silver from the hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / sandanesol composite fiber membrane. The preparation method includes steps such as preparing a spinning matrix mixture, electrospinning, loading silver using an impregnation-reduction method, and drying and sterilization. This dressing has high porosity, good air permeability, and liquid absorption, enabling long-term release of silver ions. It also possesses anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and repair-promoting functions, making it suitable for the clinical care and repair of various skin injuries, including acute wounds, chronic wounds, burn wounds, and ulcers. It has significant clinical application value and industrial prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of biotechnology and medicine, specifically relating to a solanesol electrospun nanofiber dressing, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] As the largest organ in the human body, the skin is the first line of defense against external environmental stimuli and pathogen invasion. Once damaged by physical, chemical, or biological factors, it is highly susceptible to wound infection and exacerbated inflammatory responses. In severe cases, this can lead to delayed wound healing, scar hyperplasia, and even systemic infection, threatening human health. Medical dressings, as the core material for wound care, primarily function to protect the wound, absorb exudate, and create a suitable healing environment, while also playing a supporting role in anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and repair-promoting effects.

[0003] Currently, commonly used medical dressings in clinical practice include traditional gauze, hydrocolloid dressings, and foam dressings. However, these dressings generally suffer from limited functionality: traditional gauze has good breathability but limited absorbency and lacks anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity, making it prone to adhering to the wound surface; hydrocolloid dressings have strong absorbency but poor breathability, and long-term use can easily lead to a stuffy and hot wound surface and bacterial growth; foam dressings can balance absorbency and breathability, but their anti-inflammatory effect is limited, and they are insufficient in promoting the repair of chronic and infected wounds.

[0004] To address these issues, functional medical dressings that incorporate antibacterial and anti-inflammatory components have been developed. Existing functional dressings often use antibiotics as their antibacterial component, but long-term antibiotic use can lead to bacterial resistance and may cause adverse reactions such as skin irritation and allergies. Some dressings use synthetic anti-inflammatory components, which have problems such as poor biocompatibility and metabolic toxicity. Therefore, finding natural, highly effective, and low-toxicity anti-inflammatory and antibacterial active ingredients, combined with advanced preparation technologies, to develop novel functional medical dressings has become a research hotspot in the field of medical dressings.

[0005] Currently, most commercially available topical wound medications primarily focus on anti-infective functions, such as mercurochrome, gentian violet solution, hydrogen peroxide, povidone-iodine, and alcohol. These often suffer from high irritation, limited efficacy, and a tendency to cause allergic reactions. While Yunnan Baiyao and mupirocin ointment offer some anti-inflammatory or antibacterial effects, their applicability is limited or they carry the risk of allergic reactions. Anti-inflammatory drugs are mostly administered orally or by injection, failing to reach the wound directly, resulting in slow action and the risk of systemic side effects. More importantly, for the complex microenvironment of chronic wounds, simple anti-infective or single healing-promoting effects are insufficient to address persistent inflammatory responses and potential bacterial resistance. For example, silver has good antibacterial, conductive and electromagnetic shielding properties. Using electrospinning technology, composite nanofiber materials loaded with silver can be prepared and used as antibacterial wound dressings. They have the advantages of broad-spectrum and strong antibacterial properties, local drug delivery, few systemic side effects, and flexible application to complex wounds. They are currently the most promising new type of medical dressing for chronic infected wounds, burns, diabetic foot ulcers and postoperative wounds. However, there are still problems such as the "burst release" toxicity of silver ions, uncontrollable silver release, and the risk of silver drug resistance.

[0006] Therefore, developing a multifunctional wound dressing that is loaded with silver ions, has targeted anti-inflammatory properties, high-efficiency antibacterial properties, low toxicity and side effects, and can synergistically promote tissue repair has important clinical significance and market value. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Solanesol (also known as nonaprene primary alcohol, or solanesol; molecular formula C) 45 H 74 Solanesol (O) is a natural active ingredient mainly extracted from Solanaceae plants, especially tobacco. It has good anti-inflammatory activity and is natural, low in toxicity, and has no risk of drug resistance. Therefore, composite nanofiber materials prepared by combining solanesol, silver ions, and electrospinning technology are expected to fully utilize the anti-inflammatory activity of solanesol, the antibacterial activity of silver ions, and the structural advantages of nanofiber membranes, further achieving the synergistic effect of "wound protection - anti-inflammatory and antibacterial - long-term release of silver ions - promoting repair", and solving the technical defects of existing dressings. However, there are key technical problems in preparing composite dressings by combining solanesol, silver ions, and electrospinning technology: solanesol, as a hydrophobic terpene compound, is difficult to disperse uniformly in the spinning solution, and if silver ions are directly mixed into the spinning system, it will change the conductivity of the solution and is prone to premature reduction and aggregation under high voltage electric field, resulting in nozzle blockage and uneven fiber morphology; at the same time, it is necessary to avoid mutual interference between the two in the preparation process and achieve controllable surface loading and long-term release of silver ions.

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a solanesol electrospun nanofiber dressing, its preparation method, and its application. The method involves first preparing a solanesol nanofiber dressing through electrospinning, then impregnating and loading it with silver ions and reducing it to obtain the final solanesol electrospun nanofiber dressing. This achieves the synergistic effect of solanesol and silver ions, resulting in a solanesol electrospun nanofiber dressing that possesses excellent biocompatibility, breathability, absorbency, and anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity. It also enables long-term release of silver ions, effectively promoting wound healing without the risk of drug resistance.

[0009] Specifically, the first aspect of the present invention provides a solanesol electrospun nanofiber dressing, comprising a hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / sandanesol composite fiber membrane. The hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / sandanesol composite fiber membrane includes a hydrophilic polymer membrane substrate and a nanofiber functional layer formed on the hydrophilic polymer membrane substrate. The nanofiber functional layer is mainly formed by electrospinning solanesol and natural polymer hydrogel in a mass ratio of 20:1 to 30:1. The surface and near-surface layer of the nanofiber functional layer are loaded with nano-silver, wherein the nano-silver is 0.1 to 1 wt% of the hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / sandanesol composite fiber membrane, and the thickness of the fiber functional layer is 10 to 100 μm.

[0010] To further improve the long-term release performance of silver ions, the porosity of the nanofiber functional layer is 60%–90%, and the fiber diameter is 100–300 nm. The particle size of the silver nanoparticles is 10–80 nm.

[0011] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned solanesyl electrospun nanofiber dressing, comprising: Preparation of spinning matrix mixture: Solanesol, organic solvent and natural polymer hydrogel are uniformly mixed to obtain spinning matrix mixture; wherein, the mass ratio of solanesol to the organic solvent is 1:8 to 1:12, and the mass ratio of solanesol to natural polymer hydrogel is 20:1 to 30:1. Electrospinning: Using a hydrophilic polymer membrane as the substrate material, electrospinning is performed on the spinning matrix mixture to form a nanofiber functional layer on the hydrophilic polymer membrane, resulting in a hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / solanyl alcohol composite fiber membrane; wherein the parameters in the electrospinning process include: feed rate 0.05-0.2 mL / h, spinning voltage 10-15 kV, and receiving distance 10-20 cm; Silver loading via impregnation-reduction method: First, the hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / solanyl alcohol composite fiber membrane is immersed in a 0.05–0.1 mol / L sodium bicarbonate solution at room temperature for 5–8 min; then, after rinsing with deionized water, it is immersed in a soluble silver solution with a silver ion concentration of 0.01–0.1 mol / L at room temperature for 1–3 h, allowing silver ions to be loaded onto the surface and near-surface layer of the nanofiber functional layer through complexation; then, a 0.1–0.5 mol / L sodium borohydride solution is added dropwise, and the silver ions loaded on the hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / solanyl alcohol composite fiber membrane are reduced under ice bath conditions to obtain a wet hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / solanyl alcohol@Ag composite fiber membrane; Drying and sterilization: First, the wet hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / solanyl alcohol@Ag composite fiber membrane is vacuum dried or freeze-dried to remove solvent and moisture, and a dry fiber membrane is obtained; then, it is sterilized by cobalt-60 irradiation to obtain the solanyl alcohol electrospun nanofiber dressing.

[0012] The vacuum drying conditions are: vacuum degree ≤100 Pa, temperature 30-35℃ (below the melting point of solanesol 42-45℃), time 24-48 h; the freeze-drying conditions are: the wet body of the hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / sandaneesol@Ag composite fiber membrane is pre-frozen to -80℃, and then sublimated and dried for 48 h under vacuum degree ≤20 Pa and -50℃ conditions.

[0013] Irradiation sterilization conditions: Cobalt-60 gamma rays, absorbed dose 15-20 kGy.

[0014] A third aspect of this invention provides the application of the above-mentioned solanesol electrospun nanofiber dressing in the preparation of skin wound repair dressings. The solanesol electrospun nanofiber dressing exerts an antibacterial effect by inhibiting the growth of Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli through the presence of nano-silver; and by increasing the levels of fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in serum through solanesol, it promotes collagen fiber synthesis and accelerates wound healing.

[0015] Furthermore, the skin wound includes one or more of the following: acute wound, chronic wound, burn wound, and ulcer wound.

[0016] Furthermore, the application manifests itself in at least one of the following ways: 1) Hemolysis rate less than 2%; 2) Fibroblast survival rate is not less than 95%; 3) Silver ions exhibit a rapid release pattern over 28 days: the cumulative release rate is 55%–75% in the first 12 days, the release rate slows down from day 12 to 28, and the final cumulative release rate is 75%–90%. 4) Inhibits the growth of Gram-negative bacteria; 5) Increase the levels of fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and transforming growth factor β in serum; 6) Promotes the growth of granulation tissue, epithelialization, and collagen fiber synthesis in wounds.

[0017] Furthermore, the application includes: cutting the solanesol electrospun nanofiber dressing into a shape that matches the size of the wound and directly covering the wound, changing it periodically; or, using the solanesol electrospun nanofiber dressing in combination with medical gel or growth factor.

[0018] Therefore, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Innovation: This invention provides a solanesol electrospun nanofiber dressing with a hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / solanesol@Ag composite structure, which combines the anti-inflammatory activity of solanesol with the antibacterial activity of nano-silver. This solves the technical problems of antibiotic resistance and poor biocompatibility of synthetic anti-inflammatory components in existing dressings, and achieves the synergistic effect of the two active ingredients, resulting in significant anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. It fills the gap in the application of solanesol combined with electrospinning technology in the field of medical dressings.

[0019] Long-lasting release of silver ions: The preparation method provided by this invention optimizes the spinning process and silver ion loading conditions, solving the problems of uneven dispersion of solanesol in the spinning solution and uneven silver ion loading. The prepared nanofiber dressing has a uniform diameter distribution, a large specific surface area with a three-dimensional porous structure, good air permeability, and strong liquid absorption capacity. It can quickly absorb wound exudate and keep the wound moist. At the same time, it can achieve rapid initial release of silver ions to efficiently remove wound bacteria, and stable replenishment in the later stage to maintain a long-term antibacterial environment, thereby meeting the antibacterial needs of the entire wound healing cycle.

[0020] The method is controllable and low-cost: The preparation method of the present invention is simple and highly controllable, requires no complex equipment, and uses commercially available conventional products, resulting in low production costs and suitability for large-scale industrial production.

[0021] High safety: The solanesyl electrospun nanofiber dressing provided by the present invention has good biocompatibility, mechanical properties and functional activity, extremely low hemolysis rate and no cytotoxicity, and has high safety for clinical application.

[0022] With promising clinical application value and industrial prospects, the solanesol electrospun nanofiber dressing of the present invention has diverse functions and can achieve a synergistic effect of "wound protection, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial, long-term release of silver ions and promotion of repair". It can significantly improve the wound healing rate and promote collagen fiber synthesis. It is not only suitable for the care of acute wounds, but also effectively improves the healing environment of chronic wounds and infected wounds, and has important clinical application value and industrial prospects. At the same time, it realizes the high-value utilization of solanesol and expands its application scenarios in the medical field. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 A visual image (left) and a scanning electron microscope image (right) of the PVA / CS / Sol@Ag fiber membrane prepared in Example 1 of the present invention. Figure 2 The FT-IR spectrum of the PVA / CS / Sol@Ag fiber membrane prepared in Example 1 of this invention; Figure 3 XPS full spectrum (A) and elemental characteristic spectrum (B) of the PVA / CS / Sol@Ag fiber membrane prepared in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a staining image of L929 cells against the PVA / CS / Sol@Ag fiber membrane prepared in Example 1 of this invention. Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the hemolysis effect of the dressing prepared in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a graph showing the in vivo safety evaluation of the PVA / CS / Sol@Ag fiber membrane prepared in Example 1 of this invention in mice. Figure 7 The silver ion release curve of the PVA / CS / Sol@Ag fiber membrane prepared in Example 1 of this invention; Figure 8 The image shows the antibacterial effect of the PVA / CS / Sol@Ag fiber membrane prepared in Example 1 of this invention against Escherichia coli. Figure 9 The image shows the effect of the PVA / CS / Sol@Ag fiber membrane prepared in Example 1 of this invention on wound repair in rats. Figure 10 The cytokine levels in rat serum after treatment with the dressing prepared in Example 1 of this invention; Figure 11 The images show HE staining and Masson staining of rat wounds after treatment with the dressing prepared in Example 1 of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed in this invention are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed in this invention.

[0026] In this invention, unless otherwise specified and / or stated, all numerical values ​​involving component amounts are "by weight". Unless otherwise specified, the terminology used in this invention are common terms in the relevant field. Unless otherwise specified, the preparation processes, testing methods, etc., used in the various embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art. Process parameters not specifically noted can be performed with reference to conventional techniques. All raw materials and equipment used can be obtained from publicly available commercial sources.

[0027] The reagents, such as solanesol, natural polymer hydrogel, hydrophilic polymer membrane substrate, organic solvent, soluble silver salt, and sodium borohydride, mentioned in this invention are all commercially available conventional products, and specific models and specifications can be selected according to actual needs; the electrospinning equipment, scanning electron microscope, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reader, and other detection instruments mentioned are all conventional experimental instruments, and similar models can be used as substitutes.

[0028] In the preparation method of this invention, spinning parameters, silver ion adsorption time, reduction time, etc., can be appropriately adjusted according to actual needs. As long as the purpose of this invention can be achieved, they all fall within the protection scope of this invention. For example, the spinning voltage can be finely adjusted within the range of 10 to 15 kV according to the viscosity of the spinning mixture, and the adsorption time can be adjusted within the range of 1 to 3 h according to the silver ion loading.

[0029] To address the limitations of existing medical dressings in terms of limited anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, susceptibility to bacterial resistance, poor biocompatibility, and the limited application scenarios of solanesol in the medical field, this invention provides a solanesol electrospun nanofiber dressing, its preparation method, and its applications. This method is simple, highly controllable, and the prepared dressing possesses excellent biocompatibility, breathability, absorbency, and anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity. It enables long-term release of silver ions, effectively promoting wound healing without the risk of drug resistance, thus achieving high-value utilization of solanesol. Specifically, this invention employs the following implementation scheme to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0030] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a solanesyl electrospun nanofiber dressing, mainly comprising a hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / sandanesyl@Ag composite structure, including a hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / sandanesyl composite fiber membrane and nano-silver. The nano-silver is loaded on the surface and near-surface layer of the fibers in the hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / sandanesyl composite fiber membrane, and the nano-silver accounts for 0.1-1 wt% of the mass of the hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / sandanesyl composite fiber membrane; such as 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1%, etc., which can ensure that the dressing has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties while reducing the risk of Ag resistance and improving the safety of the dressing.

[0031] The hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / solanyl alcohol composite fiber membrane comprises a hydrophilic polymer membrane substrate and a nanofiber functional layer formed on the hydrophilic polymer membrane substrate. The nanofiber functional layer is a drug-loaded layer, mainly composed of a porous structure with a porosity of 60%–90% formed by electrospinning of solanyl alcohol and natural polymer hydrogel at a mass ratio of 20:1–30:1, and the fiber diameter is 100–300 nm, giving the drug-loaded functional layer good air permeability and liquid absorption properties. The thickness of the fiber functional layer is 10–100 μm. Nano-silver is loaded on the surface and near-surface layer of the nanofiber functional layer.

[0032] The hydrophilic polymer membrane substrate primarily provides mechanical support and a film-forming framework, compensating for the poor film-forming properties and low mechanical strength caused by the hydrophobicity of solanesol and the rigidity of natural polymer hydrogels. Preferably, the hydrophilic polymer membrane possesses good hydrophilicity and biocompatibility, such as one or more of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyurethane (PU), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), which facilitates subsequent silver ion loading and wound adhesion. Preferably, the hydrophilic polymer membrane is a PVA membrane with a degree of alcoholysis of 87–89%.

[0033] In the solanesyl electrospun nanofiber dressing, the natural polymer hydrogel plays a triple role: first, it acts as a natural polymer hydrogel material to synergistically form fibers with the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membrane substrate, improving the rheological properties of the spinning solution; second, it utilizes its abundant functional groups, such as amino (-NH2), hydroxyl, or carboxyl groups, to complex and adsorb silver ions in subsequent steps, achieving uniform loading and long-lasting sustained release of nano-silver; and third, it imparts biocompatibility and antibacterial properties to the dressing. Preferably, the natural polymer hydrogel is chitosan (CS, containing both amino and hydroxyl groups), sodium alginate (containing carboxyl groups), hyaluronic acid (containing hydroxyl groups), gelatin (containing both amino and carboxyl groups), or carboxymethyl cellulose (containing carboxyl groups), etc. More preferably, the degree of deacetylation of the chitosan is ≥85%, and the molecular weight is 50–200 kDa.

[0034] The mass ratio of solanesol to natural polymer hydrogel in the nanofiber functional layer is defined as 20:1 to 30:1, such as 20:1, 22:1, 24:1, 25:1, 26:1, 28:1, 30:1, etc. This ensures that solanesol, as the core anti-inflammatory component, dominates, while retaining sufficient natural polymer hydrogel to maintain spinnability and silver ion loading sites. If this mass ratio is too small, there will be too much natural polymer hydrogel, which will result in excessively high viscosity of the spinning matrix solution required during preparation, making spinning difficult. Furthermore, the rigid structure of the natural polymer hydrogel will increase fiber brittleness and dilute the solanesol content, weakening the anti-inflammatory effect. If the mass ratio is too large, there will be too little natural polymer hydrogel, which will result in insufficient viscosity of the spinning matrix solution to support a stable jet. In addition, the number of functional groups provided by the natural polymer hydrogel will be insufficient to effectively complex and adsorb silver ions, leading to low and uneven silver nanoparticle loading, and burst release, thus affecting the antibacterial durability.

[0035] Therefore, the solanesol electrospun nanofiber dressing provided by this invention achieves long-term release of silver ions within 28 days, with a cumulative release rate of 55%–75% in the first 12 days, a gradual release rate from day 12 to 28, and a final cumulative release rate of 75%–90%. Testing shows that the solanesol electrospun nanofiber dressing has a hemolysis rate of less than 2%, a cell survival rate of not less than 95%, and good biocompatibility. Therefore, the solanesol electrospun nanofiber dressing possesses excellent biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and functional activity; extremely low hemolysis rate; no cytotoxicity; good air permeability and absorbency; no risk of drug resistance; and high safety for clinical application, achieving high-value utilization of solanesol.

[0036] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned solanesyl electrospun nanofiber dressing, comprising the steps of: Preparation of the spinning matrix mixture: Solanesol (Sol) powder with a purity of not less than 98% is dissolved in an organic solvent. Separately, a natural polymer hydrogel is pre-dissolved in a dilute acid aqueous solution containing 0.5–2 vol% acetic acid (if the natural polymer is chitosan, then a 1 vol% acetic acid aqueous solution is used; stir at room temperature for 2 h until completely dissolved). The hydrogel solution is then slowly added dropwise to the organic solution of solanesol, and stirred at room temperature for 10–14 h to obtain a homogeneous and transparent spinning matrix mixture. The mass ratio of solanesol to the organic solvent is 1:8–1:12, the mass ratio of solanesol to the natural polymer hydrogel is 20:1–30:1, and the volume ratio of the dilute acid aqueous solution to the organic solvent is 1:5–1:10. This mixing method ensures the complete dissolution of natural polymers such as chitosan and avoids phase separation or particle precipitation due to solvent mismatch. Electrospinning: Using a hydrophilic polymer membrane as the substrate material, the spinning matrix mixture is electrospinned to obtain a hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / solanyl alcohol composite fiber membrane; wherein the parameters in the electrospinning process include: feed rate 0.05-0.2 mL / h, spinning voltage 10-15 kV, and receiving distance 10-20 cm; Impregnation-reduction method for loading silver: First, the hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / solanyl alcohol composite fiber membrane is immersed in a 0.05-0.1 mol / L sodium bicarbonate solution and treated at room temperature for 5-8 min to partially neutralize the acidic substances remaining in the electrospinning process, restore the complexing activity of amino groups in the natural polymer hydrogel (such as chitosan), and at the same time avoid excessive swelling of the fiber structure. After removal, rinse with deionized water, then soak in a soluble silver solution with a silver ion concentration of 0.01–0.1 mol / L for immersion and adsorption at room temperature for 1–3 h. Utilizing the complexation effect of functional groups such as hydroxyl, amino, and carboxyl groups in the composite fiber matrix on silver ions, the silver ions in the soluble silver solution are loaded onto the fiber surface and near-surface layer formed by the spinning matrix. Then, a 0.1–0.5 mol / L sodium borohydride solution is added dropwise, and the silver ions are reduced under ice bath conditions for 10–30 min to obtain a hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / solanyl alcohol@Ag composite fiber membrane wet body. Drying and sterilization: The wet mass of the hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / solanyl alcohol@Ag composite fiber membrane is vacuum dried and sterilized by cobalt-60 irradiation to obtain the dried product: the solanyl alcohol electrospun nanofiber dressing. The vacuum drying conditions are as follows: since the melting point of solanyl alcohol is 42-45℃, to avoid melting and damage to the fiber structure during drying, the drying temperature should be controlled below the melting point, preferably 30-35℃, for 24-48 hours; or a freeze-drying method can be used: the wet mass is pre-frozen at -80℃ for 2 hours, and then sublimated and dried at -50℃ under a vacuum degree ≤20 Pa for 48 hours. Both methods can maintain the three-dimensional porous structure of the fibers and the distribution of solanyl alcohol.

[0037] The organic solvent can dissolve solanesol, such as one or more of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dichloromethane (DCM), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and acetone. Its main function is to balance the viscosity and solid content of the spinning matrix mixture. If the mass ratio of solanesol to the organic solvent is too high, with too much solanesol and too little organic solvent, the viscosity of the spinning matrix solution will be too high, the surface tension will increase, the Taylor cone jet will be unstable during spinning, and the nozzle will be easily clogged, resulting in beaded or agglomerated fibers. If the mass ratio is too low, with too little solanesol and too much organic solvent, the viscosity of the spinning matrix solution will be too low, making it impossible to form a continuous Taylor cone jet, making it difficult to form a film or resulting in fibers that are too thin and easily broken. In addition, the anti-inflammatory active ingredient loading in the dressing will be insufficient, affecting the therapeutic effect.

[0038] In the impregnation-reduction method for loading silver, the concentration of the soluble silver solution is limited to 0.01–0.1 mol / L to balance loading efficiency and safety: If the silver ion concentration is too low, the amount of silver ion complexation will be insufficient, significantly reducing antibacterial activity; if it is too high, the silver ion density on the fiber surface and inside will be too large, easily forming large silver elemental agglomerates after reduction with sodium borohydride, destroying the three-dimensional porous structure of the fiber (requiring a porosity of 60%–90%), and potentially causing an initial burst release of silver ions exceeding the safety threshold. The soluble silver can be silver acetate, silver nitrate (AgNO3), or silver perchlorate, etc., which meet the requirements of good water solubility, high anionic biocompatibility (without introducing heavy metal impurities), and mild reduction conditions (avoiding damage to the solanesyl structure). Silver acetate is preferred because its anion (CH3COO)... - It has low toxicity, leaves no residue after reduction, and silver acetate solution is more stable than silver nitrate (it is not easily decomposed by light), which makes the process more controllable.

[0039] In the preparation of the aforementioned solanesol electrospun nanofiber dressing, if solanesol, natural polymer hydrogel, and soluble silver salt are blended and spun, the soluble silver salt, acting as an electrolyte, will significantly alter the conductivity and viscosity of the spinning solution, resulting in unstable Taylor cone jets and uneven fiber morphology. In contrast, this invention first uses a hydrophilic polymer membrane as the receiving substrate for electrospinning. The nanofibers formed by stretching the spinning matrix solution, mainly composed of solanesol, organic solvent, and natural polymer hydrogel, under a high-voltage electric field are directly deposited on the surface of the hydrophilic polymer membrane, forming a "substrate-functional layer" composite structure. Then, an impregnation method is used to load silver ions onto the fiber surface and near-surface layers of the "substrate-functional layer" composite structure through complexation and adsorption. After reduction, a contact antibacterial structure is formed, and the sustained-release effect of the fiber matrix achieves stable release within 28 days, avoiding Ag release caused by blended spinning. + To mitigate the risk of Ag inactivation or sudden release during the spinning process. + The oxidation of solanesol is interfered with. Therefore, the preparation method provided by this invention solves the problems of uneven dispersion of solanesol and uneven silver ion loading in the spinning matrix solution by optimizing the spinning process and silver ion loading conditions. The prepared nanofiber dressing has a uniform diameter distribution, a large specific surface area, good air permeability, and strong liquid absorption capacity due to its three-dimensional porous structure. It can quickly absorb wound exudate, keep the wound moist, and achieve long-term and slow release of silver ions, thus prolonging the antibacterial effect. In addition, the preparation method provided by this invention is simple, highly controllable, requires no complex equipment, and uses commercially available conventional products, resulting in low production costs and suitability for large-scale industrial production.

[0040] A third aspect of this invention provides the application of the aforementioned solanesol electrospun nanofiber dressing in the preparation of skin wound repair dressings. The skin wounds include one or more types of acute wounds such as abrasions and cuts, chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers and pressure sores, burn wounds, and ulcers. The solanesol electrospun nanofiber dressing exerts an antibacterial effect by inhibiting the growth of Gram-negative bacteria such as *Escherichia coli* through the presence of nano-silver; and by increasing the levels of fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in serum through solanesol, promoting collagen fiber synthesis and accelerating wound healing. Furthermore, the solanesol electrospun nanofiber dressing can be used alone, cut to a shape matching the size of the wound, and directly applied to the wound for regular replacement; it can also be used in combination with medical gels, growth factors, etc., to further enhance the wound repair effect, making it suitable for clinical wound care, home wound care, or post-medical aesthetic repair scenarios. Therefore, the aforementioned solanesol electrospun nanofiber dressings possess diverse functions, achieving a synergistic effect of "wound protection, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial action, long-term release of silver ions, and promotion of repair," significantly improving wound healing rates and promoting collagen fiber synthesis. They are not only suitable for the care of acute wounds but also effectively improve the healing environment of chronic and infected wounds, possessing significant clinical application value and industrial prospects. Simultaneously, they realize the high-value utilization of solanesol, expanding its application scenarios in the medical field.

[0041] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments. Example 1

[0042] This embodiment provides a solanesol electrospun nanofiber dressing and its preparation method. The solanesol electrospun nanofiber dressing has a PVA / CS / Sol@Ag composite structure, and the specific preparation method is as follows: Preparation of the spinning matrix mixture: First, prepare the mixed solvent: Mix 1.896 g of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) with 0.2 g of 2 vol% acetic acid aqueous solution to obtain a DMF mixed solvent containing acetic acid aqueous solution (final acetic acid concentration approximately 0.2 vol%). Dissolve 0.1896 g of solanesol (Sol) powder with a purity of not less than 98% in the above mixed solvent and stir until completely dissolved. Separately, dissolve 0.007 g of chitosan (CS) powder with a degree of deacetylation ≥85% and a molecular weight of 50–200 kDa in 0.5 g of 1 vol% acetic acid aqueous solution and stir at room temperature for 2 h until completely dissolved. Slowly add the chitosan solution dropwise to the solanesol DMF solution and continue stirring at room temperature for 12 h to obtain a homogeneous and transparent spinning matrix mixture. Electrospinning: Using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with a degree of hydrolysis of 87-89% as the base material, the spinning matrix mixture is added to the syringe of the electrospinning equipment. The spinning parameters are adjusted as follows: feed rate is 0.1 mL / h, spinning voltage is 12 kV, receiving distance is 15 cm, and the electrospinning equipment is started to perform electrospinning to obtain a PVA / CS / Sol composite fiber membrane loaded with solanesol. Silver loading via impregnation-reduction method: The PVA / CS / Sol composite fiber membrane was first immersed in a 0.05 mol / L NaHCO3 solution and gently shaken at room temperature for 5 min to partially neutralize the acetic acid remaining from the spinning process, deprotonating the amino groups of chitosan and enhancing its complexation ability with silver ions, while avoiding excessive swelling of the fiber structure. After removal, it was gently rinsed once with deionized water and then transferred to a 0.05 mol / L silver acetate solution. Adsorption was carried out at room temperature for 2 h. Utilizing the complexation effect of functional groups such as hydroxyl and free amino groups in the fiber matrix on silver ions, silver ions were uniformly loaded onto the fiber surface and near-surface layer. Subsequently, a 0.2 mol / L sodium borohydride solution (analytical grade, solvent: water) was added dropwise, and reduction was carried out in an ice bath for 20 min to obtain the PVA / CS / Sol@Ag composite fiber membrane. During the reduction process, slow stirring was maintained to ensure uniform reduction of silver ions and avoid local aggregation. Drying and sterilization: The wet PVA / CS / Sol@Ag composite fiber membrane was placed in a vacuum drying oven at 35°C for 48 h (vacuum degree ≤100 Pa, drying to avoid high-temperature melting of solanesol). Subsequently, it was sterilized by cobalt-60 irradiation at an absorbed dose of 20 kGy, yielding the desired product. Figure 1 (Left) The solanesyl alcohol electrospun nanofiber dressing: PVA / CS / Sol@Ag composite fiber dressing. Performance testing and efficacy verification. The solanesyl alcohol electrospun nanofiber dressing prepared in Example 1 (PVA / CS / Sol@Ag) was systematically characterized and its in vitro and in vivo effects were verified. The specific results are as follows: (1) Structural characterization test The samples were cut into 1 cm × 1 cm pieces and then sputter-coated with gold. The results were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Figure 1 (Right) shows that the fiber diameter is uniformly distributed, with no obvious beading or agglomeration, and the fiber diameter is 100-300 nm, proving that the fiber membrane was successfully prepared.

[0043] Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used in the range of 400-4000 cm⁻¹. -1 Chemical structures were characterized within the wavelength range, with 32 scans and a resolution of 4 cm⁻¹. -1 The result is as follows Figure 2 As shown, at ~3400 cm -1A broad peak of OH stretching vibration appears at ~1650 cm⁻¹. -1 The region is characterized by absorption at chitosan amide I band, approximately 1080 cm⁻¹. -1 The presence of CO stretching vibrations at the point confirmed the successful recombination of PVA, CS, and Sol. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was performed using a monochromatic Al Kα excitation source (hv = 1486.6 eV) with a power of 150 W and an X-ray beam size of 500 μm. Figure 3 (A) The XPS full spectrum shows characteristic peaks at binding energies of approximately 285 eV (C 1s), 400 eV (N 1s), 531 eV (O 1s), and 368 / 374 eV (Ag 3d), confirming that the sample surface contains four elements: C, O, N, and Ag, and that nanosilver was successfully loaded. Figure 3 (B) shows the elemental characteristic spectrum, which displays C, O, and Ag signals. Among them, the O 1s peak is sharp and symmetrical (reflecting the single hydroxyl structure of solanesol), and Ag shows a single peak (Ag 3s) at a binding energy of about 719 eV, confirming that silver exists in elemental form.

[0044] (2) Biocompatibility test: Samples: Control group (Ctrl) - physiological saline, PVA / CS / Sol@Ag group - 1 cm × 1 cm PVA / CS / Sol@Ag fiber membranes were immersed in serum-free culture medium at a ratio of 0.1 g / mL and extracted at 37℃ for 24 h.

[0045] Cytotoxicity: Cell viability of samples was assessed using the Calcein / PI Cell Viability and Cytotoxicity Assay Kit. 1×10⁻⁶ cells were used. 5 Mouse fibroblast L929 cells / mL were seeded in 12-well plates and cultured for 24 h. The culture medium was discarded, and 1 mL of extraction buffer was added. After 24 or 48 h, the extraction buffer was discarded, the cells were washed, and 500 μL of Calcein AM / PI detection working solution was added. The mixture was incubated at 37°C in the dark for 30 min, and observed using a laser confocal microscope. Results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown in (A), a large amount of green fluorescence (live cells) was visible in the field of view of the PVA / CS / Sol@Ag dressing group, while the red fluorescence (dead cells) was almost negligible. Figure 4 (B) indicates that the cell survival rate of the PVA / CS / Sol@Ag group is not less than 95%, indicating that the PVA / CS / Sol@Ag fiber membrane has a proliferative effect on L929 cells, and that the PVA / CS / Sol@Ag dressing has no cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility.

[0046] Hemolysis rate: Fresh whole blood was centrifuged at 1500 r / min for 15 min at 4℃. The lower layer of red blood cells was collected and diluted with physiological saline to 4% to obtain a red blood cell suspension. 500 μL of red blood cell suspension, 500 μL of physiological saline, and 1 cm... 2 The samples were incubated at 37℃ for 1 h, centrifuged at 2000 r / min for 3 min, and the supernatant was extracted. The absorbance was measured at 541 nm. 1% Triton X-100 solution was used as a positive control (the positive control group consisted of 500 μL of red blood cell suspension and 500 μL of 1% Triton X-100 solution). Figure 5 The results showed that the PVA / CS / Sol@Ag group had a low hemolysis rate, the solution was colorless and transparent, and obvious red blood cell precipitation could be observed at the bottom, while the positive control group solution was red and had no obvious precipitation, indicating that the PVA / CS / Sol@Ag dressing had good blood compatibility.

[0047] (3) In vivo safety evaluation: Thirty Babl / c mice (half male and half female) were randomly divided into a control group (n=10) and a PVA / CS / Sol@Ag group (n=10). PVA / CS / Sol@Ag fiber membranes were immersed in physiological saline at a ratio of 0.1 g / mL and extracted at 37℃ for 72 h. The extract was administered via tail vein injection at a dose of 10 mg / kg (equivalent to the volume of extract corresponding to 10 mg of the dry weight of the dressing per kg of body weight). The control group received an equal volume of physiological saline via tail vein injection. Observations were conducted for 14 consecutive days, and HE staining was used to assess pathological changes in the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys of the mice. Figure 6 The results showed that, compared with the control group (Ctrl), the PVA / CS / Sol@Ag group mice maintained good tissue morphological integrity in organs such as heart, liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys, with no obvious edema, degeneration or necrosis foci and no toxic side effects, indicating that the PVA / CS / Sol@Ag dressing has good biocompatibility in vivo.

[0048] (4) Detection of silver ion release: A 2 cm × 2 cm, approximately 10 mg PVA / CS / Sol@Ag dressing was immersed in 5 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) and placed in a 37°C incubator. PBS was collected at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 25, and 28 days, and 5 mL of fresh PBS was added each time. The concentration of silver ions in the collected PBS was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and a silver ion release curve was plotted. Figure 7 As shown. Figure 7The results showed that the silver ion release rate was relatively fast in the first 12 days, with a cumulative release rate of 55%–75%, indicating rapid initial release which was beneficial for quickly clearing bacteria from the wound. From day 12 to day 28, the release rate slowed down significantly and tended to plateau, with a final cumulative release rate of 75%–90%. The overall release curve showed a characteristic of "faster release in the early stage and slower release in the later stage," with no burst release phenomenon (burst release refers to a single-day release rate of more than 15%), indicating that the dressing can balance the rapid and long-lasting antibacterial effect, meeting the antibacterial needs at different stages of wound healing. Based on the 28-day cumulative release curve and approximately 10 mg of PVA / CS / Sol@Ag fiber membrane, the actual silver loading in the PVA / CS / Sol@Ag fiber membrane obtained in this embodiment was approximately 0.4 wt%, falling within the range of 0.1–1 wt%, confirming a low-loading, highly dispersed surface-modified structure.

[0049] (5) Antibacterial test: Samples: Blank control group (Ctrl) - only 100 μL of Escherichia coli suspension and 50 μL of PBS, without any dressing; Dressing control group - PVA / CS composite fiber membrane, Experimental group - PVA / CS / Sol@Ag composite fiber membrane provided in Example 1; The preparation method of PVA / CS composite fiber membrane is basically the same as that of PVA / CS / Sol composite fiber membrane in Example 1, the main difference being that the step of adding solanesol is omitted in the preparation of this fiber membrane.

[0050] Colony forming unit (CFU) counting was performed using *Escherichia coli* (ATCC 25922) as the test strain. Single colonies of *E. coli* were picked and inoculated into 5 mL of LB broth, incubated at 37°C with shaking for 24 h to obtain a concentration of 1×10⁻⁶. 9 A bacterial suspension at CFU / mL was diluted to 1×10⁻⁶ with sterile PBS. 6 CFU / mL. 100 μL of bacterial suspension was mixed with 0.6 cm × 0.6 cm dressings in 96-well plates and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Then, 50 μL of the bacterial suspension was diluted and plated onto the plates, and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. CFU was calculated using ImageJ software to determine the antibacterial efficiency. Results are shown below. Figure 8 As shown. Among them, Figure 8 The results showed that, compared with the control group (Ctrl), the number of active bacteria in the PVA / CS / Sol@Ag group was significantly reduced, and the inhibition rate against Escherichia coli reached more than 90%, demonstrating a significant antibacterial effect.

[0051] (6) Test to promote wound healing: Animal model: Before wound incision, SD rats were shaved on their backs, anesthetized, and disinfected. A 2 cm long full-thickness skin incision was made parallel to the spine using a sterile scalpel. No bandages or medications were used to cover the wound, which was kept dry. Rats were randomly divided into a skin trauma model group (M, wound without any dressing and kept dry) and a PVA / CS / Sol@Ag group (wound covered with PVA / CS / Sol@Ag dressing). Wound healing rate: Wound healing was observed and photographed on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-treatment. Figure 9 As shown in (A). The wound healing area was calculated using ImageJ software, and the healing rate was calculated as (initial area - remaining wound area) / initial area × 100%. The results are as follows. Figure 9 As shown in (B): Compared with the model group (M), the wound healing rate of the PVA / CS / Sol@Ag group was significantly improved at all time points (p<0.01), and the healing rate was as high as about 90% on day 28.

[0052] Growth factor level detection: Blood was collected from the tail vein on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after treatment. Serum was obtained by centrifugation at 3000 r / min for 10 min. The levels of FGF, VEGF, and TGF-β were detected using an ELISA kit. The results are as follows: Figure 10 As shown in the figure, compared with the model group (M), the levels of FGF, VEGF and TGF-β in the serum of rats in the PVA / CS / Sol@Ag group were significantly upregulated at all time points (p<0.01), indicating that the PVA / CS / Sol@Ag dressing can effectively promote angiogenesis and extracellular matrix synthesis in wound tissue.

[0053] Histological evaluation: Skin wound tissue was fixed with 4% formaldehyde solution, embedded in paraffin, cut into 4 μm thick sections, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson stain. The results are as follows: Figure 11 As shown. Figure 11 (A) The HE staining results show that, compared with the model group (M), the PVA / CS / Sol@Ag group has significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the wound, intact coverage of new epidermal cells, and good growth of granulation tissue in the dermis. Figure 11 Masson staining as shown in Figure B revealed that the collagen fibers in this group were neatly arranged and dense, and the percentage of collagen fiber area was significantly higher than that in the model group (p<0.01), indicating that the PVA / CS / Sol@Ag dressing can effectively promote wound tissue remodeling. Example 2

[0054] This embodiment provides a solanesyl alcohol electrospun nanofiber dressing and its preparation method, which is basically the same as the dressing and its preparation method provided in Example 1. The main difference is that in this embodiment, during the preparation of the spinning matrix mixture, 0.008 g of sodium alginate (SA) with a molecular weight of 100-300 kDa (1% aqueous solution viscosity 100-300 mPa·s) is used to replace chitosan in Example 1, and the organic solvent is a mixture of 1.696 g of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and 0.2 g of deionized water; during the impregnation-reduction method for loading silver, 0.1 mol / L silver nitrate is used instead of 0.05 mol / L silver acetate in Example 1, and adsorption is carried out at room temperature for 1 h. Other methods and steps are the same as in Example 1, and finally a PVA / SA / Sol@Ag composite dressing is obtained.

[0055] Using the same performance testing and efficacy verification methods as in Example 1, the PVA / SA / Sol@Ag composite fiber membrane dressing prepared in this example showed no toxicity to mouse fibroblast L929 cells, good biocompatibility, good blood compatibility, and good biosafety in mice. The actual Ag loading in the PVA / SA / Sol@Ag composite fiber membrane dressing was approximately 0.4 wt%. The inhibition rate against Escherichia coli reached over 90%. It effectively promoted angiogenesis and extracellular matrix synthesis in wound tissues, and promoted wound tissue remodeling. Example 3

[0056] This embodiment provides a solanesyl alcohol electrospun nanofiber dressing and its preparation method, which is basically the same as the dressing and its preparation method provided in Example 1. The main difference is that in this embodiment, during the preparation of the spinning matrix mixture, 0.009 g of gelatin (Gel) with a molecular weight of 50-100 kDa is used to replace chitosan in Example 1, and the organic solvent is a mixture of 1.696 g of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and 0.2 g of deionized water; during the impregnation-reduction method for loading silver, the concentration of silver acetate is 0.02 mol / L, and the adsorption is carried out at room temperature for 3 h; other methods and steps are the same as in Example 1, and finally a PVA / Gel / Sol@Ag composite dressing is obtained.

[0057] Using the same performance testing and efficacy verification methods as in Example 1, the PVA / Gel / Sol@Ag composite fiber membrane dressing prepared in this example showed no toxicity to mouse fibroblast L929 cells, good biocompatibility, good blood compatibility, and good biosafety in mice. The actual Ag loading in the PVA / Gel / Sol@Ag composite fiber membrane dressing was approximately 0.3 wt%. The inhibition rate against Escherichia coli reached over 90%. It effectively promoted angiogenesis and extracellular matrix synthesis in wound tissues, and promoted wound tissue remodeling.

[0058] In summary, the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present invention uses a hydrophilic polymer membrane and a natural polymer hydrogel as the spinning matrix, and solanesol as a natural anti-inflammatory active ingredient. Through steps such as dissolution, mixing, electrospinning, silver ion loading and reduction, and post-treatment, a solanesol electrospun nanofiber dressing loaded with nano-silver (hydrophilic polymer / natural polymer hydrogel / Sol@Ag) is prepared. This method solves the technical problems of limited anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, easy induction of bacterial resistance, and insufficient promotion of wound repair in existing medical dressings. It fully utilizes the natural anti-inflammatory activity of solanesol, the antibacterial activity of nano-silver, and the three-dimensional porous structure advantages of electrospun nanofibers to achieve a synergistic effect of wound protection, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, long-term release of silver ions, and repair promotion. It can be widely used in the clinical care and repair of various skin injuries such as acute and chronic wounds, while also realizing the high-value utilization of solanesol, demonstrating significant clinical application value and industrial prospects.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention or equivalent substitutions can be made to some technical features without departing from the spirit of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the technical solutions claimed in the present invention.

Claims

1. A solanesyl alcohol electrospun nanofiber dressing, characterized in that, The invention includes a hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / solanyl alcohol composite fiber membrane, comprising a hydrophilic polymer membrane substrate and a nanofiber functional layer formed on the hydrophilic polymer membrane substrate. The nanofiber functional layer is mainly formed by electrospinning of solanyl alcohol and natural polymer hydrogel in a mass ratio of 20:1 to 30:

1. The surface and near-surface layer of the nanofiber functional layer are loaded with silver nanoparticles, which are 0.1 to 1 wt% of the hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / solanyl alcohol composite fiber membrane. The thickness of the fiber functional layer is 10 to 100 μm.

2. The solanesyl alcohol electrospun nanofiber dressing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nanofiber functional layer has a porosity of 60%–90%, and the fiber diameter is 100–300 nm; the nanosilver has a particle size of 10–80 nm.

3. The solanesyl alcohol electrospun nanofiber dressing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The hydrophilic polymer membrane is one or more of the following: polyvinyl alcohol membrane, polyethylene glycol membrane, polyvinylpyrrolidone membrane, polyurethane membrane, and carboxymethyl cellulose membrane.

4. The solanesyl alcohol electrospun nanofiber dressing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The natural polymer hydrogel is one or more of chitosan, sodium alginate, hyaluronic acid, gelatin, and carboxymethyl cellulose.

5. A method for preparing the solanesyl alcohol electrospun nanofiber dressing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: Preparation of spinning matrix mixture: Solanesol is dissolved in an organic solvent, and natural polymer hydrogel is pre-dissolved in a dilute acid aqueous solution containing 0.5-2 vol% acetic acid. The two are then mixed and stirred evenly to obtain the spinning matrix mixture; wherein, the mass ratio of solanesol to the organic solvent is 1:8-1:12, the mass ratio of solanesol to natural polymer hydrogel is 20:1-30:1, and the volume ratio of the dilute acid aqueous solution to the organic solvent is 1:5-1:10; Electrospinning: Using a hydrophilic polymer membrane as the substrate material, electrospinning is performed on the spinning matrix mixture to form a nanofiber functional layer on the hydrophilic polymer membrane, resulting in a hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / solanyl alcohol composite fiber membrane; wherein the parameters in the electrospinning process include: feed rate 0.05-0.2 mL / h, spinning voltage 10-15 kV, and receiving distance 10-20 cm; Silver loading via impregnation-reduction method: First, the hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / solanyl alcohol composite fiber membrane is immersed in a 0.05–0.1 mol / L sodium bicarbonate solution at room temperature for 5–8 min; then, after rinsing with deionized water, it is immersed in a soluble silver solution with a silver ion concentration of 0.01–0.1 mol / L at room temperature for 1–3 h, allowing silver ions to be loaded onto the surface and near-surface layer of the nanofiber functional layer through complexation; then, a 0.1–0.5 mol / L sodium borohydride solution is added dropwise, and the silver ions loaded on the hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / solanyl alcohol composite fiber membrane are reduced under ice bath conditions to obtain a wet hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / solanyl alcohol@Ag composite fiber membrane; Drying and sterilization: First, the wet hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / solanyl alcohol@Ag composite fiber membrane is vacuum dried or freeze-dried to remove solvent and moisture, and a dry fiber membrane is obtained; then, it is sterilized by cobalt-60 irradiation to obtain the solanyl alcohol electrospun nanofiber dressing.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The drying and sterilization process includes the following steps: Drying: The solvent in the wet hydrophilic polymer membrane / natural polymer hydrogel / solanyl alcohol@Ag composite fiber membrane is removed by vacuum drying or freeze drying; wherein, the vacuum drying conditions are: vacuum degree ≤100 Pa, temperature 30-35℃, time 24-48 h; the freeze drying conditions are: the wet membrane is pre-frozen to -80℃, and then dried at vacuum degree ≤20 Pa and -50℃ for 48 h; Sterilization: Sterilization is performed by cobalt-60 gamma ray irradiation, with an absorbed dose of 15-20 kGy.

7. The use of the solanesyl alcohol electrospun nanofiber dressing according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in the preparation of skin wound repair dressings.

8. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, The skin wound includes one or more of the following: acute wound, chronic wound, burn wound, and ulcer wound.

9. The application according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The application manifests itself in at least one of the following ways: 1) Hemolysis rate less than 2%; 2) Fibroblast survival rate is not less than 95%; 3) Silver ions exhibit a rapid release pattern over 28 days: the cumulative release rate is 55%–75% in the first 12 days, the release rate slows down from day 12 to 28, and the final cumulative release rate is 75%–90%. 4) Inhibits the growth of Gram-negative bacteria; 5) Increase the levels of fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and transforming growth factor β in serum; 6) Promotes the growth of granulation tissue, epithelialization, and collagen fiber synthesis in wounds.

10. The application according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, include: The solanine electrospun nanofiber dressing is cut into a shape that matches the size of the wound and directly applied to the wound, and changed regularly. Alternatively, the solanesyl electrospun nanofiber dressing can be used in combination with medical gels or growth factors.

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