Fire blanket for extinguishing new energy battery fire

Abstract

This invention discloses a fire control blanket for extinguishing fires in new energy batteries. The fire control blanket is characterized by being composed of a layer of high-silica glass fiber cloth and a layer of high-oxygen-index pre-oxidized fiber cloth. The high-silica glass fiber cloth has a silica weight content ≥96%, and the pre-oxidized fiber cloth has an oxygen index greater than 45%. The fire control blanket provides breathability through the composite structure of the high-silica glass fiber cloth and the pre-oxidized fiber cloth to release flammable gases generated by battery fires, and filters burning particles when covering open flames. It fully utilizes the heat insulation, non-combustibility, high-temperature resistance, ease of use, and breathability of the high-silica glass fiber cloth and the high-oxygen-index fiber cloth. This can solve the problem of deflagration or explosion caused by the accumulation of large amounts of flammable gases released from new energy battery fires, and can filter out burning particles to purify the air, reduce the adsorption of harmful particles, and achieve the advantages of being environmentally friendly and non-toxic.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fire fighting technology, specifically to a fire control blanket for extinguishing fires involving new energy batteries. Background Technology

[0002] Fires caused by thermal runaway of power batteries in new energy vehicles are characterized by oxygen-free operation, high temperature, intense gas production, and rapid heat spread. Traditional fire extinguishing methods such as suffocation and water spraying have limited effectiveness and can easily lead to the spread of the fire and loss of life and property. Currently, practical experience has proven that isolating the fire source can effectively control the fire caused by thermal runaway, and fire blankets have become the mainstream fire protection product for isolating and controlling thermal runaway fires.

[0003] Existing fire control blankets generally suffer from poor breathability, insufficient temperature resistance, and an inability to balance strength and portability. They are also prone to flame penetration and cannot meet the actual needs of rapid response and safe operation at fire scenes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fire control blanket for extinguishing fires in new energy battery fires, so as to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A fire control blanket for extinguishing fires in new energy batteries, the fire control blanket being composed of a layer of high silica glass fiber cloth and a layer of high oxygen index pre-oxidized fiber plain cloth; The high-silica glass fiber cloth has a silica weight content of ≥96%; The oxygen index of the pre-oxidized filament plain fabric is greater than 45%; The fire control blanket provides breathability through a composite structure of high-silica glass fiber cloth and pre-oxidized fiber cloth to release flammable gases generated by battery fires and to filter burning particles when covering open flames.

[0006] Preferably, the high-silica glass fiber cloth meets the following indicators: maximum operating temperature of 1700℃, fiber diameter of 4-5μm, heat shrinkage rate of 0.035 under 1000℃ for 24h conditions, breakdown voltage of 5KV / MM; softening point close to 1700℃, and can be used for a long time below 1000℃.

[0007] Preferably, the pre-oxidized fiber plain cloth meets the following indicators: maximum operating temperature of 2500℃, limiting oxygen index > 45%, and breaking strength > 700N.

[0008] Preferably, the high-silica glass fiber adopts a Na2O-B2O3-SiO2 ternary system.

[0009] Preferably, the high oxygen index pre-oxidized fiber adopts a pre-oxidation treatment process system for polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber.

[0010] Preferably, the perimeter of the fire control blanket is sewn, and the sewing thread used is 0.36 mm aramid-coated steel wire.

[0011] Preferably, the fire control blanket has an aramid webbing at the sewn edge, and the aramid webbing is 1 mm thick and 5 mm wide.

[0012] Preferably, the high-silica glass fiber cloth and the pre-oxidized fiber cloth are in a bonded structure, or are fixed in position by needle and thread.

[0013] Preferably, the fire control blanket is equipped with several one-way pressure relief valves. The one-way pressure relief valves automatically open to release pressure only when the internal air pressure of the blanket is greater than the external air pressure, and automatically close when the internal air pressure is lower than or equal to the external air pressure.

[0014] In the above technical solution, the fire control blanket for extinguishing fires in new energy batteries provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: By stitching together a layer of high-silica fiberglass cloth and a layer of high-oxygen-index pre-oxidized fiber cloth to form a fire control blanket, the heat insulation, non-combustibility, high-temperature resistance, ease of use, and breathability of the high-silica fiberglass cloth and high-oxygen-index fiber cloth can be fully utilized. This can solve the problem of deflagration or explosion caused by the accumulation of large amounts of flammable gas released when new energy batteries catch fire. It can also filter out burning particles to purify the air, reduce the adsorption of harmful particles, and achieve the advantages of being environmentally friendly and non-toxic.

[0015] This invention's fire control blanket boasts high overall structural strength, reasonable material selection, and convenient processing and manufacturing. It has a wide range of applications and possesses excellent high-temperature resistance, ablation resistance, and heat insulation properties. During use, it effectively purifies the air in a fire scene and absorbs toxic and harmful gases produced by combustion. The blanket is soft and compact, made of mild and non-irritating materials that will not harm human skin. It can closely conform to various irregular and uneven surfaces, providing reliable protection for the human body and various objects susceptible to high-temperature damage. Furthermore, it is durable and can be reused multiple times without structural damage, demonstrating excellent practicality and economic efficiency.

[0016] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and illustrative only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0017] This application provides an overview of various implementations or examples of the technology described in this disclosure, and is not a full disclosure of the entire scope or all features of the disclosed technology. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall front structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall back structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the edge-wrapping structure of high-silica glass fiber cloth and pre-oxidized fiber plain cloth provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. High silica glass fiber cloth; 2. Pre-oxidized fiber plain cloth; 3. Aramid webbing. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this disclosure clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of this disclosure without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0022] Please refer to 1-3, Fire Control Blanket for New Energy Battery Firefighting. The fire control blanket is composed of a layer of high-silica glass fiber cloth 1 and a layer of high-oxygen-index pre-oxidized fiber cloth 2. The silica content of the high-silica glass fiber cloth 1 is ≥96% by weight; the oxygen index of the pre-oxidized fiber cloth 2 is greater than 45%. The fire control blanket provides breathability through the composite structure of the high-silica glass fiber cloth 1 and the pre-oxidized fiber cloth 2 to release flammable gases generated by battery fires, and filters burning particles when covering open flames. The fire control blanket is composed of a layer of high-silica glass fiber cloth 1 and a layer of high-oxygen-index pre-oxidized fiber cloth 2. The two layers of flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant fabric are combined and formed, and the whole has dual heat-resistant and flame-retardant basic properties. It is suitable for the high-temperature combustion environment of new energy battery fires, and can stably fit and cover the ignition source, playing a basic role in fire isolation and control. The high-silica glass fiber cloth 1 has a silica content of ≥96% by weight, and the high silica content gives the fiber cloth excellent high-temperature resistance and... With its thermal stability, it can withstand temperatures exceeding 1,000 degrees Celsius from battery fires, resisting erosion, deformation, and damage, ensuring the integrity of the fire blanket during high-temperature use. Simultaneously, the pre-oxidized fiber plain cloth boasts an oxygen index greater than 45%, giving it excellent non-combustible properties. It will not ignite in open flame environments, effectively blocking flame penetration and spread, and enhancing overall fire resistance. The double-layer composite structure provides breathability, effectively releasing flammable gases. The gaps between the fibers of the two layers create ventilation channels, allowing large amounts of flammable gas generated by thermal runaway fires of new energy batteries to escape smoothly, preventing the accumulation of flammable gas and effectively eliminating the risk of deflagration and explosions. When the fire blanket covers an open flame, it filters burning particles. The two layers of fiber fabric form a dense physical filtration structure, trapping and filtering smoke and solid burning particles generated by battery combustion through the fiber pores, reducing the diffusion and leakage of harmful particles, and achieving a simple and environmentally friendly purification effect at the fire scene.

[0023] The high-silica glass fiber cloth 1 meets the following specifications: maximum operating temperature of 1700℃, fiber diameter of 4-5μm, heat shrinkage rate of 0.035% under 1000℃ for 24 hours, and breakdown voltage of 5KV / MM; softening point close to 1700℃, and can be used for a long time below 1000℃. The high-silica glass fiber cloth 1 used in the fire control blanket is prepared strictly according to the specified parameters. The actual measured maximum operating temperature of the finished cloth is set at 1700℃, and the diameter of a single fiber is controlled within the range of 4μm to 5μm. This glass fiber is arranged in… After being placed in a constant temperature environment of 1000℃ for 24 hours, the measured heat shrinkage rate remained stable at 0.035, the insulation performance of the fabric met the standards, and the breakdown voltage remained at 5KV / mm. In actual applications, the softening point of this high silica glass fiber cloth 1 is close to 1700℃. It can be used continuously for a long time in conventional high temperature environments of 1000℃ and below at the scene of a fire in a new energy battery. The fabric will not show obvious shrinkage, melting, embrittlement and damage, and will always maintain the integrity of the structure and performance. It can be stably combined with pre-oxidized fiber plain cloth 2 to form the main body of the fire control blanket.

[0024] The pre-oxidized fiber plain cloth 2 meets the following specifications: maximum operating temperature of 2500℃, limiting oxygen index > 45%, and tensile strength > 700N. The pre-oxidized fiber plain cloth 2 used in the fire control blanket is strictly selected and prepared according to the established parameters. The measured maximum operating temperature of this fabric reaches 2500℃, the limiting oxygen index is controlled above 45%, and the tensile strength of the fabric is > 700N. When actually assembled and composited into the fire control blanket, the pre-oxidized fiber plain cloth 2 can withstand the ultra-high temperature environment generated by battery fire and is not prone to burning or carbonization damage. The high limiting oxygen index makes it difficult to be ignited in the oxygen-rich environment of the fire scene, and it has stable self-flame retardant properties. At the same time, the sufficient fabric strength can ensure that the blanket is not easily torn or damaged during the pulling, spreading, and covering operations, and maintain the integrity of the fabric structure for a long time. It works in conjunction with the high silica glass fiber cloth 1 to complete the fire control operation.

[0025] The high-silica glass fiber uses a Na2O-B2O3-SiO2 ternary system. In preparing the high-silica glass fiber used in this fire control blanket, a sodium oxide-boron oxide-silica ternary component ratio system is used for melting and drawing. Silica is the main matrix material, with a certain amount of sodium oxide and boron oxide components added and melted together to form a glass fiber substrate. This substrate is then woven to produce a high-silica glass fiber cloth 1 that meets parameter standards. This ternary system-based glass fiber cloth serves as the inner / outer functional layer, combined with a pre-oxidized fiber plain cloth 2 to form the complete fire control blanket body. This method effectively reduces the high-temperature heat absorption of the fiber. The shrinkage rate is maintained at a low of 0.035% under 1000℃ and 24h conditions, making it less prone to deformation and wrinkling under high temperatures. It also improves the density and insulation performance of the fiberglass, stably maintaining a breakdown voltage of 5KV / mm, making it safer to use in high-temperature and energized fire environments. Furthermore, it enhances the high-temperature stability of the fiberglass, meeting the 1700℃ operating temperature and softening point standards, strengthening its long-term service capability below 1000℃. It significantly improves the overall ablation resistance and high-temperature damage resistance of the fire blanket, enhances the flexibility and fit of the fabric, allowing the fire blanket to fit tightly to various irregularly shaped fire surfaces of the battery pack without leakage or delamination, ensuring effective fire control and isolation.

[0026] The high oxygen index pre-oxidized fiber adopts a pre-oxidation treatment process system for polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber. PAN precursor yarn is used as the basic raw material and fed into a continuous pre-oxidation device. Gradient pre-oxidation heat treatment is completed in a controlled temperature and oxygen-containing constant temperature atmosphere to obtain high oxygen index pre-oxidized fiber. The modified pre-oxidized fiber is then woven into pre-oxidized fiber plain fabric 2 through spinning and plain weaving processes. The finished fabric meets the performance indicators of a maximum operating temperature of 2500℃, limiting oxygen index >45%, and breaking strength >700N. Finally, the pre-oxidized fiber plain fabric 2 obtained by this process is combined with high silica glass fiber cloth 1 to form a complete fire blanket structure. Using this PAN fiber pre-oxidation process system, a stable and heat-resistant ring molecular structure is formed inside the fiber, completely changing the flammable characteristics of the precursor yarn and giving the fabric excellent flame-retardant and high-temperature resistance properties. At the same time, the fiber's own flexible mechanical properties are retained, ensuring the fabric is not easily broken under tension, thus meeting the actual use requirements of high-temperature flame retardancy and spreading coverage in new energy battery fires.

[0027] The fire control blanket has a sewn edge, and the sewing thread used is 0.36 mm aramid-coated steel wire. The edges of the fire control blanket are overlocked to form a neat and closed sewn edge. The sewing thread is 0.36 mm aramid-coated steel wire (the inner core is made of 0.03 mm stainless steel wire, and the outer layer is aramid short fiber). It has both toughness, temperature resistance and low friction. Before use, the sewing thread is subjected to 150 degrees / 1 hour to allow the sizing agent (organic impregnating agent) on the surface of the aramid fiber to evaporate completely, so the thread will not weaken again at high temperature. The metal core ensures that even if the outer sheath powders, the stainless steel wire can still maintain the mechanical connection, extending the effective life of the sewing thread. Continuous and dense stitching along the edge of the blanket tightly binds the high-silica fiberglass cloth 1 and the pre-oxidized fiber plain cloth 2 together. This thread combines the high-temperature resistance and flame retardancy of aramid with the high strength and toughness of steel wire. It is not easy to melt or break in the high-temperature environment of a battery fire, effectively preventing the blanket edge from fraying, delamination, or cracking. It firmly locks the two layers of fabric structure, improving the overall edge strength and overall structural stability of the fire control blanket. The edges are not easily damaged during repeated unfolding and storage, extending the product's service life.

[0028] The fire control blanket has an aramid webbing 3 at the sewn edge. The aramid webbing 3 is 1 mm thick and 5 mm wide. The aramid webbing 3 is heat resistant, tensile resistant, and not easy to age or break. It can provide double reinforcement and protection for the sewn edge of the fire control blanket. It can not only prevent the edge seams from loosening and the fabric from fraying under long-term use or high-temperature conditions in the fire, but also serve as a gripping and lifting part, making it convenient for operators to quickly grab and spread the fire control blanket, further improving the overall structural strength of the blanket and the convenience of on-site operation.

[0029] The high-silica fiberglass cloth 1 and the pre-oxidized fiber plain cloth 2 are bonded together, or fixed in position by needle and thread. The two layers of fabric are flat and tightly overlapped, naturally bonded together by the bonding tension of the fabric itself, without additional stitching points. The overall positioning and fixation are achieved only by the surrounding sewing edges. The fabrics can maintain a flexible and bonded state. The needle and thread positioning and fixation method is as follows: In addition to the sewing edges around the blanket body, 0.36 mm aramid-coated steel wire is used to uniformly sew and position the two layers of fabric in a dotted and linear pattern on the double-layer fabric board area. The two layers of fabric are tied and fixed at multiple points, which limits the misalignment and slippage between the two layers of fabric. By fixing in the above way, the original breathable, pressure-relieving, dust-filtering and flame-retardant properties of the fabric are preserved, and a flexible bonding or stable fixing method can be selected according to the usage requirements to adapt to different usage scenarios, ensuring that the fire control blanket has a regular overall shape and good fit when covering the fire source.

[0030] Specifically, this invention introduces active groups into the surface of the high-silica cloth by pretreating it with a silane coupling agent (such as KH-550), thereby improving its adhesion to the adhesive. Water-based high-temperature resistant silicone resin is used as the interlayer adhesive. This resin has good adhesion to both high-silica and pre-oxidized fibers, and it does not contain strong alkalis, so it does not damage the high-silica fibers. Dot or grid-like application of the adhesive is performed in non-sewing areas to achieve dual fixation of "physical stitching + chemical bonding". Furthermore, a fine-gauge chrome-plated spherical needle is used for sewing, which pushes the fibers apart rather than cutting them during puncture. It is combined with aramid-coated steel wire sewing thread, and the sewing speed is controlled at 800 rpm. A compressed air cooling needle blowing device is added to reduce needle temperature and prevent the pre-oxidized fibers from melting or the high-silica fibers from becoming brittle. This achieves high strength, durability, high temperature resistance, and anti-delamination composite of high-silica and pre-oxidized fiber fabrics. The resulting fire blanket can withstand the scouring of flames for a long time, and there is no wrinkling or delamination under rapid heating and cooling. The seam strength remains very high, which fully meets the stringent requirements of industrial fire protection, emergency heat insulation and other fields.

[0031] Several one-way pressure relief valves are installed on the fire control blanket. These valves automatically open to release pressure when the internal air pressure is greater than the external air pressure and automatically close when the internal air pressure is lower than or equal to the external air pressure. Multiple sets of uniformly sized circular one-way pressure relief valves are evenly distributed on the surface of the blanket, which is a composite of high-silica fiberglass cloth 1 and pre-oxidized fiber plain cloth 2. Each valve, with a diameter of 10-15 cm and a weight of 150g, is securely embedded and fixed to the blanket. The number of valves is matched to achieve a total flow rate of 1.9m³. 3The ventilation standard is set to maintain the pressure relief valve opening pressure stably within the range of 1±0.2KPa. When the fire blanket initially covers the fire source of a new energy battery fire, the gaps between the fabric fibers are unobstructed, allowing the initial combustible gas to slowly dissipate through the fabric's own slight permeability. In the middle stage of the fire, tar, dust, and solid particles generated by the battery combustion gradually adhere to and block the permeable gaps between the fabric fibers, and the permeable channels of the blanket itself gradually close. At this time, only the one-way pressure relief valve can be used to regulate the air pressure. When the air pressure inside the blanket is generated by the thermal runaway of the battery, and the pressure difference between the inside and outside reaches the set opening pressure, the one-way pressure relief valve automatically opens to quickly discharge the accumulated high-pressure combustible gas inside, eliminating the physical explosion hazard caused by the sudden increase in air pressure. When the internal air pressure drops back to the same level as or lower than the external air pressure, the one-way pressure relief valve immediately closes automatically to prevent the outside air from rushing in, enhancing the oxygen isolation and flame retardant effect, and adapting to the segmented fire control needs of ventilation and pressure relief in the early stage of a fire and airtight oxygen isolation and fire control in the middle and later stages.

[0032] The following are test embodiments of the present invention, including the test process and test results: (1) After a new energy vehicle was fully charged with a 21.9 kWh ternary lithium battery pack, the outside of the battery pack was heated with diesel fuel. After the battery experienced thermal runaway for 120 seconds, the thermocouple temperature reached 800 degrees Celsius. The fire was shooting outwards along the battery pack cover. A multi-layer composite fire control blanket was placed over the battery pack. After one hour of observation, no large-area open flames emerged along the edge of the blanket, but white smoke was emitted. There was no odor. After the fire control blanket was removed, a large amount of dust emerged, but the inner and outer layers of the fire control blanket were not damaged. It could still be used after being restored to its original state. (The testing unit was the Sichuan Fire Research Institute of the Ministry of Emergency Management, and the report number was 2025910076).

[0033] (2) A new energy vehicle containing a 21.9 kWh ternary lithium battery pack was fully charged. The battery pack was then heated using an electric heating plate at 300°C until thermal runaway occurred. Four minutes later, the battery released gas through the pressure relief port and emitted a large amount of flame. The thermocouple temperature showed 960 degrees Celsius. After the fire had completely burned the entire vehicle, a multi-layer composite fire control blanket was placed over it. The vehicle was observed for one hour after the blanket was placed over it. No large-scale open flames were observed, but smoke was emitted without any odor. After one hour, the fire control blanket was removed, and a large amount of smoke was emitted, but the outer and inner layers of the fire control blanket were not damaged. The vehicle could still be used after being restored to its original state. (The testing unit was the Sichuan Fire Research Institute of the Ministry of Emergency Management, and the report number was 2026910061) The above tests show that the fire control blanket provided by this invention can effectively adapt to two typical scenarios of fires involving ternary lithium batteries in new energy vehicles (partial thermal runaway of the battery pack and complete combustion of the entire vehicle). It can maintain structural integrity even at extreme high temperatures of 800℃~960℃, achieving stable fire control, flame isolation, and safe pressure relief. It also has the advantages of being reusable and having low pollution emissions.

[0034] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fire control blanket for extinguishing fires in new energy battery fires, characterized in that, The fire control blanket is composed of a layer of high silica glass fiber cloth and a layer of high oxygen index pre-oxidized fiber plain cloth. The high-silica glass fiber cloth has a silica weight content of ≥96%; The oxygen index of the pre-oxidized filament plain fabric is greater than 45%; The fire control blanket provides breathability through a composite structure of high-silica glass fiber cloth and pre-oxidized fiber cloth to release flammable gases generated by battery fires and to filter burning particles when covering open flames.

2. The fire control blanket for extinguishing fires in new energy batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-silica glass fiber cloth meets the following specifications: maximum operating temperature of 1700℃, fiber diameter of 4-5μm, heat shrinkage rate of 0.035 under 1000℃ for 24h, breakdown voltage of 5KV / MM; softening point close to 1700℃, and can be used for a long time below 1000℃.

3. The fire control blanket for extinguishing fires in new energy batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-oxidized fiber plain cloth meets the following specifications: maximum operating temperature of 2500℃, limiting oxygen index > 45%, and breaking strength > 700N.

4. The fire control blanket for extinguishing fires in new energy batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-silica glass fiber adopts a Na2O-B2O3-SiO2 ternary system.

5. The fire control blanket for extinguishing fires in new energy batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high oxygen index pre-oxidized fiber adopts a pre-oxidation treatment process system for polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber.

6. The fire control blanket for extinguishing fires in new energy batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire control blanket has a sewn edge, and the sewing thread used is 0.36 mm aramid-coated steel wire.

7. The fire control blanket for extinguishing fires in new energy batteries according to claim 6, characterized in that, The fire control blanket has aramid webbing along its sewn edges. The aramid webbing is 1 mm thick and 5 mm wide.

8. The fire control blanket for extinguishing fires in new energy batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-silica glass fiber cloth and the pre-oxidized fiber cloth are bonded together, or their positions are fixed by needle and thread.

9. The fire control blanket for extinguishing fires in new energy batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire control blanket is equipped with several one-way pressure relief valves. The one-way pressure relief valves automatically open to release pressure only when the internal air pressure of the blanket is greater than the external air pressure, and automatically close when the internal air pressure is lower than or equal to the external air pressure.

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