High-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy short-process rapid manufacturing technology

Abstract

This invention provides a short-process rapid manufacturing technology for high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloys, relating to the technical field of titanium alloy manufacturing. The short-process rapid manufacturing technology uses titanium scrap as raw material and prepares high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy products through a complete process including powder preparation, forming, sintering, rapid hot working, and heat treatment control. This invention proposes a rapid, short-time hot working method that, while preserving the original fine powder particle structure, simultaneously achieves grain refinement and full densification through hot deformation processing, ultimately obtaining titanium alloy products with ultra-fine grains and excellent performance. Compared with forgings of the same grade according to national standards, the tensile strength is increased by more than 15%, and the manufacturing cost is reduced by more than 30%. At the same time, it significantly shortens the thermal cycle time and reduces energy consumption, providing a new technical path for low-cost, high-performance, and green manufacturing of titanium alloys, with broad application prospects in aerospace, weaponry, and other fields.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of short-process rapid manufacturing of titanium alloys, and in particular to a short-process rapid manufacturing technology for high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloys. Background Technology

[0002] Titanium and titanium alloys, as representatives of lightweight and high-strength materials, have become key structural materials in aerospace, biomedicine, and high-end equipment manufacturing due to their excellent specific strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. However, the industrial application of titanium alloys has long been limited by high costs, mainly due to the inherent defects of their traditional manufacturing processes. Serious resource waste occurs during their preparation and processing. Statistics show that the material utilization rate of the traditional titanium alloy "Kroll process sponge titanium → vacuum melting → forging" process is only 30%-50%. A large amount of titanium waste (including machining chips, scrap, and ingot blank residue) is generated during the manufacturing of titanium alloy parts. The global annual titanium waste generation exceeds 200,000 tons, of which about 80% cannot be effectively recycled due to its complex composition and high oxygen content, resulting in a serious waste of titanium resources.

[0003] Existing titanium waste recycling technologies mainly fall into two categories: remelting and powder metallurgy. However, both suffer from significant resource waste. Remelting requires titanium waste to have an oxygen content of <0.25 wt.% and a size of <50 mm, resulting in approximately 60% of high-oxygen titanium waste worldwide being discarded as unrecyclable. While powder metallurgy can achieve near-net-shape forming, it is limited by process defects such as the need for densification at temperatures above 1200℃ and slow heating before hot deformation, making it impossible to effectively utilize high-oxygen titanium waste. Existing patented technologies have failed to address this issue, leading to a titanium waste resource waste rate of over 55%. Simultaneously, the comprehensive energy consumption per ton of product in traditional titanium alloy manufacturing processes reaches 12-15 tons of standard coal, with waste recycling processes accounting for over 35% of the total energy consumption, resulting in a double waste of titanium resources and energy.

[0004] Chinese patent CN121223088A discloses a low-cost, short-process method for preparing high-strength titanium alloy parts and its application. However, this method suffers from high raw material costs and complex composition control; the process involves a cooling-reheating step, resulting in low thermal efficiency; and secondary heating is required before hot processing, leading to high equipment investment and energy consumption.

[0005] Chinese patent CN113102752A discloses a high-performance powder metallurgy titanium metal and its preparation method. However, this method has the following drawbacks: high raw material cost and stringent requirements for powder quality; limited densification effect after sintering, making it difficult to eliminate residual porosity; unresolved oxygen embrittlement problem, resulting in significant loss of plasticity; and low thermal efficiency due to the presence of a cooling-reheating step in the process flow.

[0006] Chinese patent CN111763841A discloses powder metallurgy titanium or titanium alloy products and their short-process preparation method. This method has the following drawbacks: high sintering temperature and long time, which easily leads to grain coarsening; cooling-heating stage in the process flow, resulting in low thermal cycling efficiency; limited hot extrusion deformation, resulting in insufficient densification driving force; and stringent requirements for raw materials, making it impossible to fully utilize titanium waste.

[0007] Therefore, developing a short-process manufacturing technology that can efficiently recycle and utilize high-oxygen titanium waste is of great strategic significance for solving the problem of titanium resource waste and realizing the green manufacturing of titanium alloys. This invention utilizes induction heating for rapid preheating in hot processing, effectively avoiding the risk of grain coarsening and enabling the efficient recycling and utilization of high-oxygen titanium waste. This increases the resource utilization rate of titanium waste from less than 50% to over 95%, fundamentally solving the resource waste problem in titanium alloy manufacturing and providing technical support for the sustainable utilization of titanium resources. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The main objective of this invention is to address the technical problems in existing titanium alloy preparation technologies, such as high raw material costs, long process flows, incomplete densification, and severe grain coarsening. Therefore, a high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy short-process rapid manufacturing technology is proposed, capable of solving the aforementioned problems.

[0009] The technical solution is as follows:

[0010] A short-process rapid manufacturing technology for high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloys includes the following steps:

[0011] S1. Titanium waste treatment: Commercially available titanium waste is sent to an ultrasonic cleaner by an automatic conveying device for cleaning, then automatically conveyed to a clean water tank for rinsing, and then conveyed to a drying system for hot air drying, finally obtaining titanium waste with a clean surface.

[0012] S2, Hydrogenation Powdering: The clean titanium waste from S1 is heated and hydrogenated in a hydrogenation dehydrogenation furnace. After hydrogen absorption, the hydrogenated titanium material is crushed by high-energy ball milling. The crushed titanium powder is then vibrated and sieved, and the powder under the sieve is vacuum heated to dehydrogenate to obtain hydrogenated dehydrogenated titanium alloy powder.

[0013] S3, Cold Isostatic Pressing of Billet: The hydrogenated and dehydrogenated titanium alloy powder in S2 is loaded into the cold isostatic pressing cavity made of silicone or polyurethane material. After vibration loading, the powder is then evacuated and sealed. The sealed cold isostatic pressing is then placed into a rigid mesh basket and subsequently placed into a cold isostatic press for cold isostatic pressing. After demolding, a titanium alloy billet is obtained.

[0014] S4. Vacuum low-temperature pre-sintering: The titanium alloy billet in S3 is placed in a vacuum sintering furnace for vacuum low-temperature pre-sintering. After cooling to room temperature with the furnace, a titanium alloy pre-sintered billet is obtained.

[0015] S5. Rapid hot working: The titanium alloy pre-sintered billet in S4 is placed in a medium-frequency or high-frequency induction heater for rapid heating and holding, and then directly transferred to a mold for hot working to obtain near-net-shape titanium alloy material.

[0016] S6. Heat treatment control: The titanium alloy material in S5 is placed in a heat treatment furnace for heat treatment. After heat treatment, it is cooled. Then, depending on the requirements of the target product, it is selected whether to carry out aging treatment. Finally, high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy products are obtained.

[0017] Optionally, the titanium waste pretreatment in S1 is completed on an integrated automatic cleaning line. The line is equipped with an ultrasonic cleaning section, a clean water rinsing section, and a hot air drying section in sequence. The sections are connected by conveyor belts to achieve continuous operation. The titanium waste is generated from chips and scraps produced during the machining of titanium alloys, or residual materials from ingot blanking and sponge titanium processing. Its matrix alloy composition must meet the standards of commercial titanium alloys, and the initial oxygen content of the material is less than 0.4 wt.%.

[0018] Optionally, in S1, the ultrasonic frequency of ultrasonic water cleaning is 20-40kHz, the temperature is controlled at 40-80℃, and the time is 30-100min; the temperature of water rinsing is controlled at 40-70℃, and the time is 20-40min; the temperature of hot air drying is controlled at 60-120℃, and the time is 40-120min.

[0019] Optionally, the heating rate of hydrogenation in S2 is 5-15℃ / min, the hydrogenation temperature is 400-600℃, and hydrogenation is completed after the hydrogen absorption is ≥3wt.% and ≤4.0wt.%; the high-energy ball mill crushing speed is 100-400rpm, the ball-to-material ratio is (5-10):1, and the crushing time is 8-24h; the vibration amplitude of the vibrating sieve is 1-3mm, the vibration frequency is 20-50Hz, the sieve mesh is 300, the vacuum heating dehydrogenation temperature of the powder under the sieve is 600-780℃, the time is 2-10h, and the vacuum degree is below 0.1Pa.

[0020] Optionally, the particle size of the powder passing through the sieve in S2 is D50≤10μm and D90≤25μm, and the hydrogen content of the powder after dehydrogenation is <0.1wt.% and the oxygen content is <0.45wt.%.

[0021] Optionally, the cold isostatic pressing sleeve described in S3 is 20-80mm smaller in diameter than the rigid basket. The sleeve length is determined by the length of the target product. The rigid basket is mainly made of stainless steel or surface-treated low-carbon steel or alloy steel. It has a square or round structure with a handle at the top. Except for the top, the other side walls and bottom are porous with a hole diameter of 5-20mm and a distance of 3-10mm between holes. The cold isostatic pressing pressure is 150-400MPa, and the holding time is 3-6min. The relative density of the titanium alloy blank after cold isostatic pressing is 70-85%, and the oxygen content is <0.45wt.%.

[0022] Optionally, the shape of the titanium alloy blank in S3 can be flexibly selected according to the target product, and can be a square blank, bar blank, tube blank, plate blank or irregular shape blank.

[0023] Optionally, the vacuum degree of vacuum low-temperature pre-sintering in S4 is 10. -1 -10 -3 Pa, sintering temperature is 950-1050℃, holding time is 2-4h; the density of the titanium alloy pre-sintered billet is ≥90%, and the average grain size is <20μm.

[0024] Optionally, the S5 medium-frequency or high-frequency induction heater has an induction heating frequency of 5-50kHz, a heating rate controlled at 10-150℃ / s, rapid heating to 1100-1300℃, a heating time of 2-6 minutes, and a holding time of 1-3 minutes after reaching the set temperature; hot deformation processing includes extrusion, rotary forging, die forging, or wire rolling, which can be flexibly selected according to the target product; the die preheating temperature is 400-500℃; the die surface is sprayed with graphite emulsion or glass lubricant; the hot deformation amount is ≥70%; the titanium alloy material has a density ≥99.9%, an average grain size ≤8μm, an oxygen content <0.5wt.%, and a hydrogen content <0.015wt.%.

[0025] Optionally, the heat treatment temperature in S6 is 710-960℃, held for 0.5-5 hours and then cooled. Subsequently, depending on the requirements of the target product, an aging treatment is performed at a temperature of 480-650℃, held for 2-8 hours and then furnace cooled.

[0026] Optionally, the performance of high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy products in S6 is improved by more than 15% in tensile strength compared with the same grade of titanium alloy forgings in the national standard; among them, TC4 titanium alloy has tensile strength ≥1000MPa, yield strength ≥900MPa, elongation ≥12%, and impact toughness ≥40J; pure titanium has tensile strength ≥600MPa, yield strength ≥480MPa, elongation ≥17%, and impact toughness ≥50J, with manufacturing costs reduced by more than 30%; for near-β type titanium alloys, after solution treatment at 10-30℃ below the β phase transformation point followed by water quenching and aging at 600-650℃, its tensile strength is >1100MPa.

[0027] Optionally, the preparation method described in S2-S6 of the high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy short-process rapid manufacturing technology is not only applicable to titanium waste, but also applicable to the preparation of α, α+β, near-β and β series titanium alloys using sponge titanium, master alloys and elemental metals as raw materials.

[0028] Technical principle of the invention:

[0029] This invention uses titanium waste as raw material and employs a systematic process including ultrasonic cleaning, hydrogenation and dehydrogenation powdering, cold isostatic pressing of billets, low-temperature pre-sintering, induction heating for rapid preheating and integrated hot deformation forming, and heat treatment control.

[0030] The automatic cleaning line of this invention adopts a gradient temperature control and multi-frequency ultrasonic collaborative design: the ultrasonic frequency is set to a low frequency band of 28-40kHz to enhance the peeling of stubborn oil film, and a high frequency band of 40-60kHz to refine micro-area cleaning. The cleaning water temperature is preferably 60±5℃. This temperature can significantly reduce the viscosity of cutting oil and improve cleaning efficiency, and can also avoid the formation of a dense oxide film on the titanium surface due to high temperature, which would affect the activity of subsequent hydrogenation reaction. The drying process adopts a two-stage drying process of centrifugal dehydration and 60℃ hot air to ensure that the residual moisture on the surface of the waste material is <0.05wt.%.

[0031] The powder undersize of this invention has a particle size of D50≤10μm and D90≤25μm. This particle size threshold has been experimentally verified to effectively trap micron-sized hard inclusions generated during ball milling, while ensuring that powder with D90≤25μm has a high specific surface area, which is conducive to the rapid diffusion and escape of hydrogen atoms during the dehydrogenation stage. After dehydrogenation, the oxygen content of the powder is controlled in the range of approximately 0.25-0.42wt.%. This range can utilize the solid solution strengthening effect of oxygen to improve strength, while avoiding oxygen embrittlement that leads to a sharp drop in plasticity. This achieves a process innovation of "controlling oxygen to increase efficiency" rather than "avoiding oxygen to seek purity".

[0032] The rigid basket structure of this invention, along with the annular gap between it and the inner sheath, combined with the regular porous structure of its sidewalls and bottom, ensures the uniform and isotropic transmission of hydrostatic pressure by the pressure medium, and provides buffer apertures for medium flow. This results in well-shaped and uniformly dense compacts, significantly improving the forming consistency of large irregularly shaped billets. Furthermore, the top handle design significantly enhances the efficiency and safety of loading, transporting, and removing the billets.

[0033] The preferred low-temperature pre-sintering temperature of this invention is 950-1050℃. This temperature, located in the α+β two-phase region or near the β phase region, promotes selective sintering at the neck of powder particles to form a "skeleton network," enhancing the strength of the green body to withstand the thermal stress during subsequent induction heating. This ensures continuous conductive pathways and effectively generates stable, uniform, and continuous eddies during subsequent medium / high frequency induction heating, achieving stable and rapid heat transmission and fundamentally preventing grain growth. A density of 90% represents the optimal balance between induction heating efficiency, green body strength, and subsequent deformation capability. At this density, the pre-sintering temperature can be controllably avoided at the β phase transformation point, fundamentally suppressing abnormal grain growth. Simultaneously, it provides an operating window for continuous induction heating-thermal deformation operations, meeting the requirements of industrial production for cycle stability.

[0034] The preferred induction heating frequency of this invention is 5-50kHz. This frequency band can achieve a billet cross-sectional temperature gradient of <30℃ / cm in the 1100-1300℃ range, avoiding surface overheating and oxidation or insufficient core heating. The heating process adopts a closed-loop temperature control system, with real-time feedback and power adjustment using an infrared thermometer to ensure that the billet exit temperature fluctuation is ≤±15℃. The mold is preheated to 450±20℃ and sprayed with nano-scale graphite emulsion, which significantly reduces the interfacial friction coefficient, ensures the uniformity of material flow under large deformation, and eliminates defects such as folding and cracking.

[0035] The average grain size of the titanium alloy material obtained by this invention is stably controlled below 8μm, which is more than 50% finer than that of traditional heating processes. This ultrafine grain structure is due to the synergistic effect of a triple mechanism: "low-temperature pre-sintering to retain the original fine-grained framework of powder + induction rapid heating to suppress static recrystallization + large deformation to induce full dynamic recrystallization". This enables the titanium alloy TC4 to maintain an elongation of more than 12% while having a tensile strength of >1000MPa.

[0036] The heat treatment process of this invention for α+β type alloys, using water quenching at 920℃ for 1 hour followed by aging at 550℃ for 4 hours, can obtain finely dispersed α... s Phase precipitation strengthening; for near-β type alloys, air cooling at 800℃ for 2h can obtain a basketweave structure, balancing strength and fracture toughness; the cooling method is strictly selected according to the CCT curve, water cooling is used to obtain metastable β phase, and air cooling / furnace cooling is used to control the morphology of α phase, so as to achieve precise customization of microstructure and properties.

[0037] The process of this invention has wide adaptability to raw materials. The oxygen content of titanium waste can be relaxed to 0.45 wt.%, and the oxygen diffusion depth is significantly reduced due to the short-time characteristics of induction heating. At the same time, it is applicable to raw material systems such as sponge titanium and master alloys. By adjusting the pre-sintering temperature and induction heating parameters, a full range of titanium alloys such as TA1, TC4, TB6, and Ti-2Al-2.5Zr can be prepared. The products cover bars, tubes, plates and complex irregular components.

[0038] The core innovation of this invention lies in the rapid heating of the sintered billet using medium-frequency or high-frequency induction heating. This rapidly and precisely heats the billet to the hot deformation window temperature in a very short time, and immediately transfers it to the hot deformation process. Due to the poor thermal conductivity of titanium alloys, traditional hot working requires prolonged heating and holding at the target temperature, inevitably leading to grain recrystallization and growth. The technical method proposed in this invention effectively avoids the risk of grain coarsening in titanium alloys caused by prolonged heating in traditional furnaces. While preserving the original fine powder particle structure, it further achieves grain refinement and full densification through large-scale hot deformation, ultimately obtaining titanium alloy products with ultra-fine grains and excellent performance. This significantly improves the strength-plasticity synergy, while greatly shortening the thermal cycle time and reducing energy consumption. It provides a new technical path for low-cost, high-performance, and green manufacturing of titanium alloys, and has broad application prospects in aerospace, weaponry, and other fields.

[0039] The above technical solution has at least the following advantages compared with the existing technology:

[0040] The above-mentioned solution proposes a short-process rapid manufacturing technology for high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloys, which can solve the technical problems in existing titanium alloy preparation technologies such as high raw material costs, long process flow, incomplete densification, and severe grain coarsening.

[0041] This invention directly uses industrial waste such as chips and scraps from titanium alloy machining as the main raw material, replacing the high-cost sponge titanium or gas-atomized pre-alloyed powders relied upon in traditional powder metallurgy processes. Through a systematic cleaning, hydrogenation dehydrogenation, and powdering process, low-value waste is successfully transformed into high-quality raw material powder, reducing raw material costs by more than 30% from the source, greatly improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of titanium resources, and conforming to the green manufacturing and sustainable development strategy.

[0042] This invention utilizes a compact process chain of "hydrogenation powdering - cold isostatic pressing - low-temperature pre-sintering - induction heating hot deformation," eliminating the multiple remelting, billet preparation, and repeated heating processes in traditional casting-forging processes, as well as the time-consuming high-temperature, long-duration sintering or expensive subsequent hot isostatic pressing processes in conventional powder metallurgy. In particular, the seamless integration of processes S4 and S5 significantly shortens the preparation cycle and total energy consumption before hot processing, achieving truly short-process production.

[0043] The core innovation of this invention lies in the use of medium-frequency / high-frequency induction heating to rapidly and precisely heat the pre-sintered billet, followed immediately by large-deformation hot working. This integrated "rapid heating-immediate forming" mode effectively suppresses static grain growth that occurs during the preheating stage before hot working. Through dynamic recrystallization induced by large deformation, complete densification and significant microstructure refinement can be achieved simultaneously in a single deformation, resulting in an ultrafine grain structure with an average grain size ≤8μm, or even 1-5μm. This is difficult to achieve with traditional heating followed by forging or hot isostatic pressing processes.

[0044] This invention achieves multiple benefits in cold isostatic pressing, including uniform pressure application, high operational efficiency, and stable quality, through a specially designed porous metal rigid sheath. It provides a buffer space for medium flow, further improving the forming consistency of large, irregularly shaped blanks; and can stably produce high-quality pressed blanks with a relative density of 70%-85% and an oxygen content of <0.45wt.%, creating ideal conditions for subsequent low-temperature pre-sintering and rapid induction heating hot deformation.

[0045] The low-temperature sintering titanium alloy billet designed in this invention has a density of ≥90%. The density of the pre-sintered billet is ≥90%, which is the core control parameter of the process of this invention. It ensures that the eddy current distribution is uniform during induction heating to avoid local overheating, provides sufficient billet strength, and has a bending strength of ≥80MPa to resist thermal stress and transferred load. At the same time, it optimizes the plastic flow characteristics during hot deformation, so that the residual pores are completely welded and the grains are refined with an average size of ≤10μm. This lays a key foundation for the stability, efficiency and performance of the final product of the process.

[0046] The core heating element of this invention employs induction heating technology, which features concentrated energy and high thermal efficiency, exceeding 80% in actual measurements. Energy consumption per unit during the heat treatment stage is reduced by approximately 50% compared to traditional resistance furnace heating. In the pretreatment stage, water-based cleaning is used, and wastewater is recycled through an oil-water separation system, avoiding pollution from strong acid cleaning. The entire process complies with the requirements of green manufacturing and energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0047] The titanium alloy products prepared by this invention completely overcome the performance deficiencies caused by residual porosity and coarse microstructure in traditional powder metallurgy materials. Their mechanical properties comprehensively meet or even exceed the standards of forgings of the same grade. For example, the TC4 alloy can achieve an excellent balance of strength and ductility, with tensile strength >1000MPa, yield strength ≥900MPa, and elongation ≥12%. For near-β type titanium alloys, a specific solution treatment and aging process can further achieve a synergistic improvement in strength and high fracture toughness.

[0048] This invention controls the oxygen content of the dehydrogenated powder within the ideal range of 0.25-0.45 wt.% through process regulation, and further homogenizes the oxygen distribution through subsequent large deformation hot working. Tensile tests show that within this oxygen content range, the material can achieve a tensile strength increase of more than 15% while maintaining good plasticity with an elongation of >12%, realizing a shift in process concept from "passive deoxygenation" to "active oxygen control and oxygen-based toughening".

[0049] This invention utilizes a heat treatment process of 920℃ / 1h water quenching + 550℃ / 4h aging for α+β type alloys to obtain finely dispersed α... s Phase precipitation strengthening; for near-β type alloys, air cooling at 800℃ for 2h can obtain a basketweave structure, balancing strength and fracture toughness; the cooling method is strictly selected according to the CCT curve, water cooling is used to obtain metastable β phase, and air cooling / furnace cooling is used to control the morphology of α phase, so as to achieve precise customization of microstructure and properties, and ensure that the microstructure and properties obtained by induction heating are excellent.

[0050] This invention's technical approach is not only applicable to recycling common titanium alloy scraps such as TA1 and TC4, but also, by adjusting process parameters, to preparing a full range of titanium alloys from industrial pure titanium and α+β type to near-β and β type using sponge titanium and master alloys as raw materials. Furthermore, by modifying the cold isostatic pressing cladding mold and the hot deformation mold, it can flexibly produce bars, tubes, plates, and near-net-shape parts with complex shapes, thus having a wide range of applications.

[0051] In summary, this invention provides a short-process rapid manufacturing technology for high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloys. This technology uses titanium waste as raw material, strengthens the billet skeleton through low-temperature pre-sintering, and integrates rapid induction heating preheating with an integrated hot deformation process, simultaneously achieving material densification and microstructure refinement within a single thermal cycle. This process effectively avoids the grain coarsening risk and energy consumption associated with the "sintered body cooling-re-preheating" step in traditional step-by-step processes, while significantly shortening the production cycle and reducing equipment dependence. The process parameters, after systematic optimization, can be adapted to various titanium alloy systems and component shapes, providing a practical technical path for the high-value utilization of titanium waste and the green manufacturing of titanium alloys. Attached Figure Description

[0052] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0053] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of a short-process rapid manufacturing technology for high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloys according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The technical solution of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0055] In embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily," "for example," etc., are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" in the present invention should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word "exemplary" is intended to present the concept in a concrete manner. Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the meaning expressed by "and / or" can be both, or either one.

[0056] In the embodiments of the present invention, the terms "image" and "picture" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that when the distinction is not emphasized, their intended meanings are consistent.

[0057] In this embodiment of the invention, sometimes a subscript such as W1 may be written in a non-subscript form such as W1. When the difference is not emphasized, the meaning they express is the same.

[0058] To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0059] A high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy short-process rapid manufacturing technology, wherein the high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy short-process rapid manufacturing technology combines Figure 1 Includes the following steps:

[0060] S1. Titanium waste treatment: Commercially available titanium waste is sent to an ultrasonic cleaner by an automatic conveying device for cleaning, then automatically conveyed to a clean water tank for rinsing, and then conveyed to a drying system for hot air drying, finally obtaining titanium waste with a clean surface.

[0061] S2, Hydrogenation Powdering: The clean titanium waste from S1 is heated and hydrogenated in a hydrogenation dehydrogenation furnace. After hydrogen absorption, the hydrogenated titanium material is crushed by high-energy ball milling. The crushed titanium powder is then vibrated and sieved, and the powder under the sieve is vacuum heated to dehydrogenate to obtain hydrogenated dehydrogenated titanium alloy powder.

[0062] S3, Cold Isostatic Pressing of Billet: The hydrogenated and dehydrogenated titanium alloy powder in S2 is loaded into the cold isostatic pressing cavity made of silicone or polyurethane material. After vibration loading, the powder is then evacuated and sealed. The sealed cold isostatic pressing is then placed into a rigid mesh basket and subsequently placed into a cold isostatic press for cold isostatic pressing. After demolding, a titanium alloy billet is obtained.

[0063] S4. Vacuum low-temperature pre-sintering: The titanium alloy billet in S3 is placed in a vacuum sintering furnace for vacuum low-temperature pre-sintering. After cooling to room temperature with the furnace, a titanium alloy pre-sintered billet is obtained.

[0064] S5. Rapid hot working: The titanium alloy pre-sintered billet in S4 is placed in a medium-frequency or high-frequency induction heater for rapid heating and holding, and then directly transferred to a mold for hot working to obtain near-net-shape titanium alloy material.

[0065] S6. Heat treatment control: The titanium alloy material in S5 is placed in a heat treatment furnace for heat treatment. After heat treatment, it is cooled. Then, depending on the requirements of the target product, it is selected whether to carry out aging treatment. Finally, high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy products are obtained.

[0066] Specifically, the pretreatment of titanium waste in S1 is completed on an integrated automated cleaning line. This line is equipped with an ultrasonic cleaning section, a clean water rinsing section, and a hot air drying section in sequence. The sections are connected by conveyor belts to achieve continuous operation. The titanium waste comes from chips and scraps generated during the machining of titanium alloys, or residual materials from ingot blanking and sponge titanium processing. Its base alloy composition must meet the standards for commercial titanium alloys, and the initial oxygen content of the material is less than 0.4 wt.%.

[0067] Specifically, in S1, the ultrasonic frequency of ultrasonic water cleaning is 20-40kHz, the temperature is controlled at 40-80℃, and the time is 30-100min; the temperature of water rinsing is controlled at 40-70℃, and the time is 20-40min; the temperature of hot air drying is controlled at 60-120℃, and the time is 40-120min.

[0068] Specifically, in S2, the heating rate for hydrogenation is 5-15℃ / min, the hydrogenation temperature is 400-600℃, and hydrogenation is completed after the hydrogen absorption is ≥3wt.% and ≤4.0wt.%; the high-energy ball mill crushing speed is 100-400rpm, the ball-to-material ratio is (5-10):1, and the crushing time is 8-24h; the vibration amplitude of the vibrating sieve is 1-3mm, the vibration frequency is 20-50Hz, the sieve mesh is 300, the vacuum heating dehydrogenation temperature of the powder under the sieve is 600-780℃, the time is 2-10h, and the vacuum degree is below 0.1Pa.

[0069] Specifically, the particle size of the powder passing through the sieve in S2 is D50≤10μm and D90≤25μm, and the hydrogen content of the powder after dehydrogenation is <0.1wt.% and the oxygen content is <0.45wt.%.

[0070] Specifically, the diameter of the S3 cold isostatic pressing sleeve is 20-80mm smaller than that of the rigid basket. The sleeve length is determined by the length of the target product. The rigid basket is mainly made of stainless steel or surface-treated low-carbon steel or alloy steel. It has a square or round shape and a handle at the top. Except for the top, the other side walls and bottom are porous with a hole diameter of 5-20mm and a distance of 3-10mm between holes. The cold isostatic pressing pressure is 150-400MPa, and the holding time is 3-6min. After cold isostatic pressing, the relative density of the titanium alloy billet is 70%-85%, and the oxygen content is <0.45wt.%.

[0071] In particular, the shape of the titanium alloy blank in S3 can be flexibly selected according to the target product, and can be a square blank, bar blank, tube blank, plate blank or irregular shape blank.

[0072] Specifically, the vacuum degree of vacuum low-temperature pre-sintering in S4 is 10. -1 -10 -3 Pa, sintering temperature is 950-1050℃, holding time is 2-4h; the density of the titanium alloy pre-sintered billet is ≥90%, and the average grain size is <20μm.

[0073] Specifically, in S5, the induction heating frequency of the medium-frequency or high-frequency induction heater is 5-50kHz, the heating rate is controlled at 10-150℃ / s, and it is rapidly heated to 1100-1300℃ for 2-6 minutes, followed by a holding time of 1-3 minutes after reaching the set temperature. Hot deformation processing includes extrusion, rotary forging, die forging, or wire rolling, which can be flexibly selected according to the target product. The die preheating temperature is 400-500℃, and the die surface is sprayed with graphite emulsion or glass lubricant. The hot deformation amount is ≥70%. The titanium alloy material has a density ≥99.9%, an average grain size ≤8μm, an oxygen content <0.5wt.%, and a hydrogen content <0.015wt.%.

[0074] Specifically, in S6, the heat treatment temperature is 710-960℃, and the temperature is held for 0.5-5 hours before cooling. Then, depending on the requirements of the target product, an aging treatment is performed at a temperature of 480-650℃, and the temperature is held for 2-8 hours before furnace cooling.

[0075] In particular, the performance of S6 high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy products is improved by more than 15% in tensile strength compared with the same grade of titanium alloy forgings in the national standard; among them, TC4 titanium alloy has tensile strength ≥1000MPa, yield strength ≥900MPa, elongation ≥12%, and impact toughness ≥40J, while pure titanium has tensile strength ≥600MPa, yield strength ≥480MPa, elongation ≥17%, and impact toughness ≥50J, with manufacturing costs reduced by more than 30%; for near-β type titanium alloys, after solution treatment at 10-30℃ below the β phase transformation point followed by water quenching and aging at 600-650℃, its tensile strength is >1100MPa.

[0076] In particular, the preparation method described in S2-S6 of the high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy short-process rapid manufacturing technology is not only applicable to titanium waste, but also applicable to the preparation of α, α+β, near-β and β series titanium alloys using sponge titanium, master alloys and elemental metals as raw materials.

[0077] Example 1

[0078] This embodiment presents a short-process rapid manufacturing technology for high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloys. The titanium alloy is TC4. This high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy short-process rapid manufacturing technology combines... Figure 1 Includes the following steps:

[0079] S1. Titanium waste treatment: Commercially available titanium waste is automatically conveyed into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic water cleaning. The ultrasonic frequency for ultrasonic water cleaning is 28kHz, the temperature is controlled at 65℃, and the time is 90 minutes. After removing surface oil and adhering substances, it is directly conveyed to the clean water area for rinsing. The temperature for rinsing is controlled at 50℃ and the time is 30 minutes. Then it is conveyed to the drying area for hot air drying. The temperature for hot air drying is controlled at 100℃ and the time is 60 minutes. Finally, clean titanium waste is obtained.

[0080] S2. Hydrogenation and Powdering: The clean titanium waste from S1 is hydrogenated in a dehydrogenation furnace at a heating rate of 10℃ / min and a hydrogenation temperature of 500℃. Hydrogenation is completed after the hydrogen absorption reaches 3.5 wt.%. After hydrogen absorption, the hydrogenated titanium material is crushed by high-energy ball milling at a speed of 280 rpm, a ball-to-material ratio of 8:1, and a crushing time of 12 hours. The crushed titanium powder is then vibrated and sieved at an amplitude of 2 mm, a vibration frequency of 35 Hz, and a sieve mesh of 300 mesh. The undersize powder is then vacuum-heated for dehydrogenation at a temperature of 700℃ for 4 hours, with a vacuum degree below 0.1 Pa, yielding hydrogenated dehydrogenated titanium alloy powder. The particle size of the undersize powder is D50≤10μm, D90≤25μm, and the hydrogen content of the dehydrogenated powder is <0.1 wt.%, and the oxygen content is <0.45 wt.%.

[0081] S3. Cold Isostatic Pressing of the Billet: The hydrogenated and dehydrogenated titanium alloy powder from S2 is loaded into a silicone cold isostatic pressing chamber. After vibration loading, the chamber is evacuated and sealed. The sealed cold isostatic pressing chamber is then placed into a stainless steel rigid basket. The diameter of the cold isostatic pressing chamber is 50mm smaller than that of the stainless steel basket. The length of the chamber is determined by the length of the target product. The stainless steel basket is square or round, with a handle on the top. Except for the top, the other side walls and the bottom are porous, with holes of 10mm in diameter and a distance of 6mm between the holes. The stainless steel rigid basket is then placed in a cold isostatic press for cold isostatic pressing. The cold isostatic pressure is 300MPa, and the holding time is 3min. The titanium alloy billet is in the shape of a bar. After demolding, the titanium alloy billet is obtained. The relative density of the cold isostatic pressing titanium alloy billet is 82%, and the oxygen content is 0.37wt.%.

[0082] S4. Vacuum Low-Temperature Pre-Sintering: The titanium alloy compact from S3 is placed in a vacuum sintering furnace for vacuum low-temperature pre-sintering. The vacuum degree of the vacuum low-temperature pre-sintering is 10. -2 Pa, sintering temperature is 950℃, holding time is 3h, and after cooling to room temperature in furnace, titanium alloy pre-sintered billet is obtained; titanium alloy pre-sintered billet, average grain size is 15μm;

[0083] S5. Rapid Hot Working: The pre-sintered titanium alloy billet from S4 is rapidly heated and held in a medium- or high-frequency induction heater at a frequency of 15 kHz and a heating rate of 12℃ / s, rapidly heated to 1200℃ for 4 minutes, and held at that temperature for 2 minutes. It is then directly transferred to a mold for hot working, specifically forging. The mold preheating temperature is 450℃, and the mold surface is coated with graphite emulsion or glass lubricant. The hot deformation amount is 80%, resulting in a near-net-shape titanium alloy material. The titanium alloy material has a density ≥99.9%, an average grain size of 5 μm, an oxygen content of 0.42 wt.%, and a hydrogen content of 0.011 wt.%.

[0084] S6. Heat treatment control: The titanium alloy material in S5 is placed in a heat treatment furnace for heat treatment at a temperature of 900℃. After holding at that temperature for 1 hour, it is cooled. Then, according to the requirements of the target product, an aging treatment is performed at a temperature of 520℃. After holding at that temperature for 6 hours, it is furnace cooled. Finally, high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy products are obtained.

[0085] The high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy products prepared in this embodiment have a tensile strength that is more than 15% higher than that of titanium alloy forgings of the same grade in the national standard. Among them, the TC4 titanium alloy has a tensile strength of about 1250 MPa, a yield strength of about 1160 MPa, a yield ratio of about 0.928, an elongation of about 15%, a strength-ductility product of about 18.75 GPa%, and an impact toughness of about 52 J. Its microstructure is uniform, dense, and has fine grains.

[0086] Example 2

[0087] This embodiment presents a short-process rapid manufacturing technology for high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloys. The titanium alloy is TC4. This high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy short-process rapid manufacturing technology combines... Figure 1 Includes the following steps:

[0088] S1. Titanium waste treatment: Commercially available titanium waste is automatically conveyed into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic water cleaning. The ultrasonic frequency for ultrasonic water cleaning is 35kHz, the temperature is controlled at 70℃, and the time is 120min. After removing surface oil and adhering substances, it is directly conveyed to the clean water area for rinsing. The temperature for rinsing is controlled at 50℃ and the time is 30min. Then it is conveyed to the drying area for hot air drying. The temperature for hot air drying is controlled at 100℃ and the time is 80min. Finally, clean titanium waste is obtained.

[0089] S2. Hydrogenation and Powdering: The clean titanium waste from S1 is hydrogenated in a dehydrogenation furnace at a heating rate of 10℃ / min and a hydrogenation temperature of 550℃. Hydrogenation is completed after the hydrogen absorption reaches 3.8 wt.%. After hydrogen absorption, the hydrogenated titanium material is crushed by high-energy ball milling at 300 rpm with a ball-to-material ratio of 8:1 for 15 hours. The crushed titanium powder is then vibrated and sieved at an amplitude of 2 mm, a frequency of 35 Hz, and a mesh size of 300. The undersize powder is then vacuum-heated for dehydrogenation at 750℃ for 2.5 hours with a vacuum degree below 0.1 Pa, yielding hydrogenated dehydrogenated titanium alloy powder. The particle size of the undersize powder is D50≤10μm, D90≤25μm, and the hydrogen content and oxygen content of the dehydrogenated powder are <0.1 wt.% and <0.45 wt.%.

[0090] S3. Cold Isostatic Pressing of the Billet: The hydrogenated and dehydrogenated titanium alloy powder from S2 is loaded into a silicone cold isostatic pressing chamber. After vibration loading, the chamber is evacuated and sealed. The sealed cold isostatic pressing chamber is then placed into a stainless steel rigid basket. The diameter of the cold isostatic pressing chamber is 80mm smaller than that of the stainless steel basket. The length of the chamber is determined by the length of the target product. The stainless steel basket is square or round, with a handle on the top. Except for the top, the other side walls and the bottom are porous, with holes of 10mm in diameter and a distance of 6mm between the holes. The stainless steel rigid basket is then placed in a cold isostatic press for cold isostatic pressing. The cold isostatic pressure is 350MPa, and the holding time is 4min. The titanium alloy billet is in the shape of a bar. After demolding, the titanium alloy billet is obtained. The relative density of the cold isostatic pressing titanium alloy billet is 84%, and the oxygen content is 0.35wt.%.

[0091] S4. Vacuum Low-Temperature Pre-Sintering: The titanium alloy compact from S3 is placed in a vacuum sintering furnace for vacuum low-temperature pre-sintering. The vacuum degree of the vacuum low-temperature pre-sintering is 10. -3Pa, sintering temperature is 1000℃, holding time is 3h, and after cooling to room temperature in furnace, titanium alloy pre-sintered billet is obtained; the density of titanium alloy pre-sintered billet is 92%, and the average grain size is 16μm;

[0092] S5. Rapid Hot Working: The pre-sintered titanium alloy billet from S4 is rapidly heated and held in a medium- or high-frequency induction heater at a frequency of 25 kHz and a heating rate of 25 °C / s, rapidly heated to 1250 °C for 2 minutes, and held at that temperature for 1.5 minutes. It is then directly transferred to a mold for hot working, specifically forging. The mold preheating temperature is 450 °C, and the mold surface is coated with graphite emulsion or glass lubricant. The hot deformation amount is 80%, resulting in a near-net-shape titanium alloy material. The titanium alloy material has a density ≥99.9%, an average grain size of 7.5 μm, an oxygen content of 0.35 wt.%, and a hydrogen content of 0.010 wt.%.

[0093] S6. Heat treatment control: The titanium alloy material in S5 is placed in a heat treatment furnace for heat treatment at a temperature of 920℃. After holding at that temperature for 0.8 hours, it is cooled. Then, according to the requirements of the target product, an aging treatment is performed at a temperature of 550℃. After holding at that temperature for 4 hours, it is furnace cooled. Finally, high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy products are obtained.

[0094] The high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy products prepared in this embodiment have a tensile strength that is more than 15% higher than that of titanium alloy forgings of the same grade in the national standard. Among them, the TC4 titanium alloy has a tensile strength of about 1150 MPa, a yield strength of about 1060 MPa, a yield ratio of about 0.922, an elongation of about 14%, a strength-ductility product of about 16.1 GPa%, and an impact toughness of about 48 J. Its microstructure is uniform, dense, and has fine grains.

[0095] Example 3

[0096] This embodiment presents a short-process rapid manufacturing technology for high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloys. The titanium is TA1 pure titanium. The high-performance powder metallurgy titanium short-process rapid manufacturing technology combines... Figure 1 Includes the following steps:

[0097] S1. Titanium waste treatment: Commercially available titanium waste is automatically conveyed into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic water cleaning. The ultrasonic frequency for ultrasonic water cleaning is 30kHz, the temperature is controlled at 60℃, and the time is 60min. After removing surface oil and adhering substances, it is directly conveyed to the clean water area for clean water rinsing. The temperature for clean water rinsing is controlled at 50℃ and the time is 20min. Then it is conveyed to the drying area for hot air drying. The temperature for hot air drying is controlled at 100℃ and the time is 50min. Finally, clean titanium waste is obtained.

[0098] S2. Hydrogenation and Powdering: The clean titanium waste from S1 is hydrogenated in a dehydrogenation furnace at a heating rate of 9℃ / min and a hydrogenation temperature of 450℃. Hydrogenation is completed after the hydrogen absorption reaches 3.2 wt.%. After hydrogen absorption, the hydrogenated titanium material is crushed by high-energy ball milling at a speed of 280 rpm, a ball-to-material ratio of 9:1, and a crushing time of 10 hours. The crushed titanium powder is then vibrated and sieved at an amplitude of 2 mm, a vibration frequency of 35 Hz, and a sieve mesh of 300 mesh. The undersize powder is then vacuum-heated for dehydrogenation at a temperature of 650℃ for 8 hours, with a vacuum degree below 0.1 Pa, yielding hydrogenated dehydrogenated titanium powder. The particle size of the undersize powder is D50≤10μm, D90≤25μm, and the hydrogen content of the dehydrogenated powder is <0.1 wt.%, and the oxygen content is <0.45 wt.%.

[0099] S3. Cold Isostatic Pressing of the Billet: The hydrogenated and dehydrogenated titanium alloy powder from S2 is loaded into a polyurethane cold isostatic pressing cavity. After vibration loading, the cavity is evacuated and sealed. The sealed cold isostatic pressing cavity is then placed into a galvanized alloy steel rigid basket. The diameter of the cold isostatic pressing cavity is 30mm smaller than that of the stainless steel basket. The length of the cavity is determined by the length of the target product. The stainless steel basket is square or round, with a handle at the top. Except for the top, the other side walls and bottom are porous, with holes of 6mm in diameter and 10mm in distance between holes. The alloy steel rigid basket is then placed in a cold isostatic press for cold isostatic pressing. The cold isostatic pressure is 150MPa, and the holding time is 3min. The titanium alloy billet is square. After demolding, the titanium alloy billet is obtained. The relative density of the cold isostatic pressing titanium alloy billet is 75%, and the oxygen content is 0.35wt.%.

[0100] S4. Vacuum Low-Temperature Pre-Sintering: The titanium compact from S3 is placed in a vacuum sintering furnace for vacuum low-temperature pre-sintering. The vacuum degree of the vacuum low-temperature pre-sintering is 10. -2.5 Pa, sintering temperature is 980℃, holding temperature is 3.5h, and after cooling to room temperature in furnace, titanium pre-sintered billet is obtained; the density of titanium pre-sintered billet is 91%, and the average grain size is 18μm;

[0101] S5. Rapid Hot Working: The titanium pre-sintered billet from S4 is rapidly heated and held in a medium- or high-frequency induction heater at a frequency of 40 kHz and a heating rate of 15 °C / s, rapidly heated to 1250 °C for 3 minutes, and held at that temperature for 2 minutes. It is then directly transferred to a mold for hot working, specifically forging. The mold preheating temperature is 500 °C, and the mold surface is coated with graphite emulsion or glass lubricant. The hot deformation amount is 70%, resulting in near-net-shape titanium material. The titanium material has a density ≥99.9%, an average grain size of 8 μm, an oxygen content of 0.4 wt.%, and a hydrogen content of 0.010 wt.%.

[0102] S6. Heat treatment control: The titanium material in S5 is placed in a heat treatment furnace for heat treatment at a temperature of 750℃. After holding at this temperature for 3 hours, it is cooled. Then, according to the requirements of the target product, no aging treatment is performed. Finally, a high-performance powder metallurgy titanium product is obtained.

[0103] The high-performance powder metallurgy titanium product prepared in this embodiment has a tensile strength that is more than 15% higher than that of titanium alloy forgings of the same grade in the national standard. The powder metallurgy titanium product has a tensile strength of about 720 MPa, a yield strength of about 570 MPa, a yield ratio of about 0.792, an elongation of about 17.5%, a strength-ductility product of about 12.6 GPa%, and an impact toughness of 60 J. Its microstructure is uniform, dense, and has fine grains.

[0104] Example 4

[0105] This embodiment presents a short-process rapid manufacturing technology for high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloys, using TA15 titanium alloy. The high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy short-process rapid manufacturing technology combines... Figure 1 Includes the following steps:

[0106] S1. Titanium waste treatment: Commercially available titanium waste is automatically conveyed into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic water cleaning. The ultrasonic frequency for ultrasonic water cleaning is 32kHz, the temperature is controlled at 60℃, and the time is 90min. After removing surface oil and adhering substances, it is directly conveyed to the clean water area for clean water rinsing. The temperature for clean water rinsing is controlled at 50℃, and the time is 20min. Then it is conveyed to the drying area for hot air drying. The temperature for hot air drying is controlled at 100℃, and the time is 90min. Finally, clean titanium waste is obtained.

[0107] S2, Hydrogenation and Powdering: The clean titanium waste from S1 is hydrogenated in a hydrogenation dehydrogenation furnace at a heating rate of 10℃ / min and a hydrogenation temperature of 480℃. Hydrogenation is completed after the hydrogen absorption is ≥3wt.% and ≤4.0wt.%. After hydrogen absorption, the hydrogenated titanium material is crushed by high-energy ball milling at a speed of 280rpm, a ball-to-material ratio of 8:1, and a crushing time of 14h. The crushed titanium powder is then vibrated. The powder is sieved using a vibratory sieve with an amplitude of 2 mm, a vibration frequency of 40 Hz, and a mesh size of 300. The sieved powder is then vacuum-heated for dehydrogenation at a temperature of 600-780℃ for 2-10 hours, with a vacuum degree below 0.1 Pa, yielding hydrogenated dehydrogenated titanium alloy powder. The powder particle size is D50≤10μm, D90≤25μm, and the hydrogen content after dehydrogenation is <0.1wt.% and the oxygen content is <0.45wt.%.

[0108] S3. Cold Isostatic Pressing of the Billet: The hydrogenated and dehydrogenated titanium alloy powder from S2 is loaded into a silicone cold isostatic pressing chamber. After vibration loading, the chamber is evacuated and sealed. The sealed cold isostatic pressing chamber is then placed into a low-carbon steel rigid basket coated with a surface coating. The diameter of the cold isostatic pressing chamber is 80mm smaller than that of the stainless steel basket. The length of the chamber is determined by the length of the target product. The stainless steel basket is square or round, with a handle on the top. Except for the top, the other side walls and the bottom are porous, with holes of 10mm in diameter and a distance of 4mm between the holes. The low-carbon steel rigid basket is then placed in a cold isostatic press for cold isostatic pressing. The cold isostatic pressure is 250MPa, and the holding time is 4min. The titanium alloy billet is in the shape of a bar. After demolding, the titanium alloy billet is obtained. The relative density of the cold isostatic pressing titanium alloy billet is 82%, and the oxygen content is 0.25wt.%.

[0109] S4. Vacuum Low-Temperature Pre-Sintering: The titanium alloy compact from S3 is placed in a vacuum sintering furnace for vacuum low-temperature pre-sintering. The vacuum degree of the vacuum low-temperature pre-sintering is 10. -2 Pa, sintering temperature is 1000℃, holding time is 3h, and after cooling to room temperature in furnace, titanium alloy pre-sintered billet is obtained; the density of titanium alloy pre-sintered billet is 92%, and the average grain size is 14μm;

[0110] S5. Rapid Hot Working: The pre-sintered titanium alloy billet from S4 is placed in a medium-frequency or high-frequency induction heater for rapid heating and holding. The induction heating frequency is 25kHz, and the heating rate is controlled at 15℃ / s. It is rapidly heated to 1150℃ for 4 minutes, and then held for 2 minutes. 5-50kHz, with a heating rate controlled at 10-150℃ / s, is rapidly heated to 1100-1300℃ for 2-6 minutes, and then held for 1-3 minutes. Afterward, it is directly transferred to a mold for extrusion. The mold preheating temperature is 500℃, and the mold surface is sprayed with graphite emulsion or glass lubricant. The hot deformation amount is 80%, obtaining a near-net-shape titanium alloy material. The titanium alloy material has a density ≥99.9%, an average grain size of 6.5μm, an oxygen content of 0.35wt.%, and a hydrogen content of 0.011wt.%.

[0111] S6. Heat treatment control: The titanium alloy material in S5 is placed in a heat treatment furnace for heat treatment. The heat treatment temperature is 950℃, held for 1 hour and then air-cooled. Then, it is held at 800℃ for 2 hours and then air-cooled. Then, according to the requirements of the target product, aging treatment is performed at a temperature of 480-650℃, held for 2-8 hours and then furnace-cooled. Finally, high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy products are obtained.

[0112] The high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy products prepared in this embodiment have a tensile strength that is more than 15% higher than that of titanium alloy forgings of the same grade in the national standard. The TA15 titanium alloy has a tensile strength of about 1080 MPa, a yield strength of about 980 MPa, an elongation of about 12.5%, and an impact toughness of about 52 J. Its microstructure is uniform, dense, and has fine grains.

[0113] Example 5

[0114] This embodiment presents a short-process rapid manufacturing technology for high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloys, wherein the titanium alloy is TA7. The high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy short-process rapid manufacturing technology combines... Figure 1 Includes the following steps:

[0115] S1. Titanium waste treatment: Commercially available titanium waste is automatically conveyed into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic water cleaning. The ultrasonic frequency for ultrasonic water cleaning is 32kHz, the temperature is controlled at 55℃, and the time is 80 minutes. After removing surface oil and adhering substances, it is directly conveyed to the clean water area for rinsing. The temperature for rinsing is controlled at 45℃ and the time is 25 minutes. Then it is conveyed to the drying area for hot air drying. The temperature for hot air drying is controlled at 90℃ and the time is 70 minutes. Finally, clean titanium waste is obtained.

[0116] S2, Hydrogenation and Powdering: The clean titanium waste from S1 is hydrogenated in a hydrogenation dehydrogenation furnace at a heating rate of 8℃ / min and a hydrogenation temperature of 500℃. Hydrogenation is completed after the hydrogen absorption is ≥3wt.% and ≤4.0wt.%. After hydrogen absorption, the hydrogenated titanium material is crushed by high-energy ball milling at a speed of 260rpm, a ball-to-material ratio of 7:1, and a crushing time of 16h. The crushed titanium material is then powdered. The powder was vibrated and sieved at an amplitude of 2.5 mm, a vibration frequency of 30 Hz, and a screen mesh of 300 mesh. The sieved powder was then vacuum-heated to remove hydrogen at 650℃ for 7 hours, with a vacuum degree below 0.1 Pa, yielding hydrogenated dehydrogenated titanium alloy powder. The powder had a particle size of D50 ≤ 10 μm and D90 ≤ 25 μm, and after dehydrogenation, the hydrogen content was < 0.1 wt.% and the oxygen content was < 0.45 wt.%.

[0117] S3. Cold Isostatic Pressing of the Billet: The hydrogenated and dehydrogenated titanium alloy powder from S2 is loaded into a polyurethane cold isostatic pressing chamber. After vibration loading, the chamber is evacuated and sealed. The sealed cold isostatic pressing chamber is then placed into a stainless steel rigid basket. The diameter of the cold isostatic pressing chamber is 65mm smaller than that of the stainless steel basket. The length of the chamber is determined by the length of the target product. The stainless steel basket is square or round, with a handle on the top. Except for the top, the other side walls and the bottom are porous, with holes of 20mm in diameter and 10mm in distance between holes. The stainless steel rigid basket is then placed in a cold isostatic press for cold isostatic pressing. The cold isostatic pressure is 260MPa, and the holding time is 3.5min. The titanium alloy billet shape is a slab. After demolding, the titanium alloy billet is obtained. The relative density of the cold isostatic pressing titanium alloy billet is 80%, and the oxygen content is 0.35wt.%.

[0118] S4. Vacuum Low-Temperature Pre-Sintering: The titanium alloy compact from S3 is placed in a vacuum sintering furnace for vacuum low-temperature pre-sintering. The vacuum degree of the vacuum low-temperature pre-sintering is 10. -2.5 Pa, sintering temperature is 960℃, holding time is 3.5h, and after furnace cooling to room temperature, titanium alloy pre-sintered billet is obtained; the density of titanium alloy pre-sintered billet is 91%, and the average grain size is 16μm;

[0119] S5. Rapid Hot Working: The pre-sintered titanium alloy billet from S4 is rapidly heated and held in a medium- or high-frequency induction heater at a frequency of 30 kHz and a heating rate of 12 °C / s, rapidly heated to 1130 °C for 4.5 min, and held at that temperature for 2.5 min. It is then directly transferred to a mold for hot working. The hot deformation process is rolling, with the mold preheated at 420 °C. The mold surface is coated with glass lubricant, and the hot deformation amount is 75%, yielding a near-net-shape titanium alloy material. The titanium alloy material has a density ≥99.9%, an average grain size of 7.5 μm, an oxygen content of 0.4 wt.%, and a hydrogen content of 0.013 wt.%.

[0120] S6. Heat Treatment Control: The titanium alloy material in S5 is placed in a heat treatment furnace for heat treatment, using full annealing: the heat treatment temperature is 830℃, held for 2.5 hours and then air-cooled. Subsequently, aging treatment is selected according to the target product requirements, with an aging treatment temperature of 480-650℃, held for 2-8 hours and then furnace-cooled. Finally, high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy products are obtained.

[0121] The TA7 titanium alloy prepared in this embodiment has a tensile strength of approximately 920 MPa, a yield strength of approximately 810 MPa, an elongation of approximately 16%, and an impact toughness of approximately 58 J. It has a uniform microstructure, a dense structure, and fine grains.

[0122] Example 6

[0123] This embodiment presents a short-process rapid manufacturing technology for high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloys. The titanium alloy is Ti-6242. This high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy short-process rapid manufacturing technology combines... Figure 1 Includes the following steps:

[0124] S1. Titanium waste treatment: Commercially available titanium waste is automatically conveyed into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic water cleaning. The ultrasonic frequency for ultrasonic water cleaning is 25kHz, the temperature is controlled at 70℃, and the time is 100min. After removing surface oil and adhering substances, it is directly conveyed to the clean water area for rinsing. The temperature for rinsing is controlled at 55℃ and the time is 20min. Then it is conveyed to the drying area for hot air drying. The temperature for hot air drying is controlled at 95℃ and the time is 80min. Finally, clean titanium waste is obtained.

[0125] S2, Hydrogenation and Powdering: The clean titanium waste from S1 is hydrogenated in a hydrogenation dehydrogenation furnace at a heating rate of 12℃ / min and a hydrogenation temperature of 540℃. Hydrogenation is completed after the hydrogen absorption is ≥3wt.% and ≤4.0wt.%. After hydrogen absorption, the hydrogenated titanium material is crushed by high-energy ball milling at a speed of 320rpm, a ball-to-material ratio of 9:1, and a crushing time of 18h. The crushed titanium material is then powdered. The powder was sieved using a vibratory sieve with an amplitude of 2 mm, a vibration frequency of 40 Hz, and a mesh size of 300. The sieved powder was then vacuum-heated to remove hydrogen. The vacuum heating temperature was 720℃ for 4 hours, and the vacuum degree was below 0.1 Pa, yielding hydrogenated dehydrogenated titanium alloy powder. The particle size of the sieved powder was D50 ≤ 10 μm and D90 ≤ 25 μm. After dehydrogenation, the hydrogen content of the powder was < 0.1 wt.% and the oxygen content was < 0.45 wt.%.

[0126] S3. Cold Isostatic Pressing of the Billet: The hydrogenated and dehydrogenated titanium alloy powder from S2 is loaded into a polyurethane cold isostatic pressing cavity. After vibration loading, the cavity is evacuated and sealed. The sealed cold isostatic pressing cavity is then placed into a galvanized low-carbon steel rigid basket. The diameter of the cold isostatic pressing cavity is 40mm smaller than that of the stainless steel basket. The length of the cavity is determined by the length of the target product. The stainless steel basket is square or round, with a handle at the top. Except for the top, the other side walls and bottom are porous, with a hole diameter of 7mm and a distance of 8mm between the holes. The low-carbon steel rigid basket is then placed in a cold isostatic press for cold isostatic pressing. The cold isostatic pressure is 330MPa, and the holding time is 4min. The titanium alloy billet shape is a tube blank. After demolding, the titanium alloy billet is obtained. The relative density of the cold isostatic pressing titanium alloy billet is 84%, and the oxygen content is 0.30wt.%.

[0127] S4. Vacuum Low-Temperature Pre-Sintering: The titanium alloy compact from S3 is placed in a vacuum sintering furnace for vacuum low-temperature pre-sintering. The vacuum degree of the vacuum low-temperature pre-sintering is 10. -3Pa, sintering temperature is 1020℃, holding temperature is 2.5h, and after cooling to room temperature in furnace, titanium alloy pre-sintered billet is obtained; the density of titanium alloy pre-sintered billet is 93%, and the average grain size is 16μm;

[0128] S5. Rapid Hot Working: The pre-sintered titanium alloy billet from S4 is rapidly heated and held in a medium- or high-frequency induction heater at a frequency of 35 kHz and a heating rate of 20 °C / s, rapidly heated to 1230 °C for 3 minutes, and held at that temperature for 2 minutes. It is then directly transferred to a mold for hot working. The hot deformation process is extrusion, with the mold preheated at 480 °C. The mold surface is coated with graphite emulsion, and the hot deformation amount is 85%, yielding a near-net-shape titanium alloy material. The titanium alloy material has a density ≥99.9%, an average grain size of 6 μm, an oxygen content of 0.38 wt.%, and a hydrogen content of 0.009 wt.%.

[0129] S6. Heat treatment control: The titanium alloy material in S5 is placed in a heat treatment furnace for heat treatment, with double annealing: first, it is held at 980℃ for 1 hour and then air-cooled, then held at 850℃ for 2 hours and then air-cooled, finally obtaining high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy products.

[0130] The high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy products prepared in this embodiment have a tensile strength that is more than 15% higher than that of titanium alloy forgings of the same grade in the national standard. Among them, the tensile strength of Ti-6242 titanium alloy is about 1050 MPa, the yield strength is about 930 MPa, the elongation is about 13%, and the impact toughness is about 48 J. Its microstructure is uniform, dense, and has fine grains.

[0131] The above-mentioned solution proposes a short-process rapid manufacturing technology for high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloys, which can solve the technical problems in existing titanium alloy preparation technologies such as high raw material costs, long process flow, incomplete densification, and severe grain coarsening.

[0132] This invention directly uses industrial waste such as chips and scraps from titanium alloy machining as the main raw material, replacing the high-cost sponge titanium or gas-atomized pre-alloyed powders relied upon in traditional powder metallurgy processes. Through a systematic cleaning, hydrogenation dehydrogenation, and powdering process, low-value waste is successfully transformed into high-quality raw material powder, reducing raw material costs by more than 30% from the source, greatly improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of titanium resources, and conforming to the green manufacturing and sustainable development strategy.

[0133] This invention utilizes a compact process chain of "hydrogenation powdering - cold isostatic pressing - low-temperature pre-sintering - induction heating hot deformation," eliminating the multiple remelting, billet preparation, and repeated heating processes in traditional casting-forging processes, as well as the time-consuming high-temperature, long-duration sintering or expensive subsequent hot isostatic pressing processes in conventional powder metallurgy. In particular, the seamless integration of processes S4 and S5 significantly shortens the preparation cycle and total energy consumption before hot processing, achieving truly short-process production.

[0134] The core innovation of this invention lies in the use of medium-frequency / high-frequency induction heating to rapidly and precisely heat the pre-sintered billet, followed immediately by large-deformation hot working. This integrated "rapid heating-immediate forming" mode effectively suppresses static grain growth that occurs during the preheating stage before hot working. Through dynamic recrystallization induced by large deformation, complete densification and significant microstructure refinement can be achieved simultaneously in a single deformation, resulting in an ultrafine grain structure with an average grain size ≤8μm, or even 1-5μm. This is difficult to achieve with traditional heating followed by forging or hot isostatic pressing processes.

[0135] This invention achieves multiple benefits in cold isostatic pressing, including uniform pressure application, high operational efficiency, and stable quality, through a specially designed porous metal rigid sheath. It provides a buffer space for medium flow, further improving the forming consistency of large, irregularly shaped blanks; and can stably produce high-quality pressed blanks with a relative density of 70%-85% and an oxygen content of <0.45wt.%, creating ideal conditions for subsequent low-temperature pre-sintering and rapid induction heating hot deformation.

[0136] The low-temperature sintering titanium alloy billet designed in this invention has a density of ≥90%. The density of the pre-sintered billet is ≥90%, which is the core control parameter of the process of this invention. It ensures that the eddy current distribution is uniform during induction heating to avoid local overheating, provides sufficient billet strength, and has a bending strength of ≥80MPa to resist thermal stress and transferred load. At the same time, it optimizes the plastic flow characteristics during hot deformation, so that the residual pores are completely welded and the grains are refined with an average size of ≤10μm. This lays a key foundation for the stability, efficiency and performance of the final product of the process.

[0137] The core heating element of this invention employs induction heating technology, which features concentrated energy and high thermal efficiency, exceeding 80% in actual measurements. Energy consumption per unit during the heat treatment stage is reduced by approximately 50% compared to traditional resistance furnace heating. In the pretreatment stage, water-based cleaning is used, and wastewater is recycled through an oil-water separation system, avoiding pollution from strong acid cleaning. The entire process complies with the requirements of green manufacturing and energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0138] The titanium alloy products prepared by this invention completely overcome the performance deficiencies caused by residual porosity and coarse microstructure in traditional powder metallurgy materials. Their mechanical properties comprehensively meet or even exceed the standards of forgings of the same grade. For example, the TC4 alloy can achieve an excellent balance of strength and ductility, with tensile strength >1000MPa, yield strength ≥900MPa, and elongation ≥12%. For near-β type titanium alloys, a specific solution treatment and aging process can further achieve a synergistic improvement in strength and high fracture toughness.

[0139] This invention controls the oxygen content of the dehydrogenated powder within the ideal range of 0.25-0.45 wt.% through process regulation, and further homogenizes the oxygen distribution through subsequent large deformation hot working. Tensile tests show that within this oxygen content range, the material can achieve a tensile strength increase of more than 15% while maintaining good plasticity with an elongation of >12%, realizing a shift in process concept from "passive deoxygenation" to "active oxygen control and oxygen-based toughening".

[0140] This invention utilizes a heat treatment process of 920℃ / 1h water quenching + 550℃ / 4h aging for α+β type alloys to obtain finely dispersed α... s Phase precipitation strengthening; for near-β type alloys, air cooling at 800℃ for 2h can obtain a basketweave structure, balancing strength and fracture toughness; the cooling method is strictly selected according to the CCT curve, water cooling is used to obtain metastable β phase, and air cooling / furnace cooling is used to control the morphology of α phase, so as to achieve precise customization of microstructure and properties, and ensure that the microstructure and properties obtained by induction heating are excellent.

[0141] This invention's technical approach is not only applicable to recycling common titanium alloy scraps such as TA1 and TC4, but also, by adjusting process parameters, to preparing a full range of titanium alloys from industrial pure titanium and α+β type to near-β and β type using sponge titanium and master alloys as raw materials. Furthermore, by modifying the cold isostatic pressing cladding mold and the hot deformation mold, it can flexibly produce bars, tubes, plates, and near-net-shape parts with complex shapes, thus having a wide range of applications.

[0142] In summary, this invention provides a short-process rapid manufacturing technology for high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloys. This technology uses titanium waste as raw material, strengthens the billet skeleton through low-temperature pre-sintering, and integrates rapid induction heating preheating with an integrated hot deformation process, simultaneously achieving material densification and microstructure refinement within a single thermal cycle. This process effectively avoids the grain coarsening risk and energy consumption associated with the "sintered body cooling-re-preheating" step in traditional step-by-step processes, while significantly shortening the production cycle and reducing equipment dependence. The process parameters, after systematic optimization, can be adapted to various titanium alloy systems and component shapes, providing a practical technical path for the high-value utilization of titanium waste and the green manufacturing of titanium alloys.

[0143] It should be understood that the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. A and B can be singular or plural. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates an "or" relationship between the preceding and following related objects, but it can also represent an "and / or" relationship. Please refer to the context for a more accurate understanding.

[0144] In this invention, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item or a plurality of items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be a single item or multiple items.

[0145] It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present invention, the order of the above-mentioned process numbers does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0146] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A short-process rapid manufacturing technology for high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloys, characterized in that, The high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy short-process rapid manufacturing technology includes the following steps: S1. Titanium waste treatment: Commercially available titanium waste is sent to an ultrasonic cleaner by an automatic conveying device for cleaning, then automatically conveyed to a clean water tank for rinsing, and then conveyed to a drying system for hot air drying, finally obtaining titanium waste with a clean surface. S2, Hydrogenation Powdering: The clean titanium waste from S1 is heated and hydrogenated in a hydrogenation dehydrogenation furnace. After hydrogen absorption, the hydrogenated titanium material is crushed by high-energy ball milling. The crushed titanium powder is then vibrated and sieved, and the powder under the sieve is vacuum heated to dehydrogenate to obtain hydrogenated dehydrogenated titanium alloy powder. S3, Cold Isostatic Pressing of Billet: The hydrogenated and dehydrogenated titanium alloy powder in S2 is loaded into the cold isostatic pressing cavity made of silicone or polyurethane material. After vibration loading, the powder is then evacuated and sealed. The sealed cold isostatic pressing is then placed into a rigid mesh basket and subsequently placed into a cold isostatic press for cold isostatic pressing. After demolding, a titanium alloy billet is obtained. S4. Vacuum low-temperature pre-sintering: The titanium alloy billet in S3 is placed in a vacuum sintering furnace for vacuum low-temperature pre-sintering. After cooling to room temperature with the furnace, a titanium alloy pre-sintered billet is obtained. S5. Rapid hot working: The titanium alloy pre-sintered billet in S4 is placed in a medium-frequency or high-frequency induction heater for rapid heating and holding, and then directly transferred to a mold for hot working to obtain near-net-shape titanium alloy material. S6. Heat treatment control: The titanium alloy material in S5 is placed in a heat treatment furnace for heat treatment. After heat treatment, it is cooled. Then, depending on the requirements of the target product, it is selected whether to carry out aging treatment. Finally, high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy products are obtained.

2. The high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy short-process rapid manufacturing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pretreatment of titanium waste in S1 is completed on an integrated automatic cleaning line. The line is equipped with an ultrasonic cleaning section, a clean water rinsing section, and a hot air drying section in sequence. The sections are connected by conveyor belts to achieve continuous operation. The titanium waste comes from chips and scraps generated during the machining of titanium alloys, or residual materials from ingot blanking and sponge titanium processing. Its base alloy composition must meet the standards of commercial titanium alloys, and the initial oxygen content of the material is less than 0.4 wt.%.

3. The high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy short-process rapid manufacturing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the ultrasonic frequency for ultrasonic water cleaning is 20-40kHz, the temperature is controlled at 40-80℃, and the time is 30-100min; the temperature for water rinsing is controlled at 40-70℃, and the time is 20-40min; the temperature for hot air drying is controlled at 60-120℃, and the time is 40-120min.

4. The high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy short-process rapid manufacturing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating rate for hydrogenation in S2 is 5-15℃ / min, the hydrogenation temperature is 400-600℃, and hydrogenation is completed after the hydrogen absorption is ≥3wt.% and ≤4.0wt.%. The high-energy ball mill crushing speed is 100-400rpm, the ball-to-material ratio is (5-10):1, and the crushing time is 8-24h. The vibration amplitude of the vibrating sieve is 1-3mm, the vibration frequency is 20-50Hz, the sieve mesh is 300, and the vacuum heating dehydrogenation temperature of the powder under the sieve is 600-780℃, the time is 2-10h, and the vacuum degree is below 0.1Pa.

5. The high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy short-process rapid manufacturing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cold isostatic pressing sleeve described in S3 is 20-80mm smaller in diameter than the rigid basket. The sleeve length is determined by the length of the target product. The rigid basket is mainly made of stainless steel or surface-treated low-carbon steel or alloy steel. It has a square or round shape and a handle at the top. Except for the top, the other side walls and bottom are porous with a hole diameter of 5-20mm and a distance of 3-10mm between holes. The cold isostatic pressing pressure is 150-400MPa, and the holding time is 3-6min. The relative density of the titanium alloy blank after cold isostatic pressing is 70%-85%, and the oxygen content is <0.45wt.%.

6. The high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy short-process rapid manufacturing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vacuum degree of vacuum low-temperature pre-sintering in S4 is 10. -1 -10 -3 Pa, sintering temperature is 950-1050℃, holding time is 2-4h; the density of the titanium alloy pre-sintered billet is ≥90%, and the average grain size is <20μm.

7. The high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy short-process rapid manufacturing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S5, the induction heating frequency of the medium-frequency or high-frequency induction heater is 5-50kHz, the heating rate is controlled at 10-150℃ / s, and the temperature is rapidly heated to 1100-1300℃ for 2-6 minutes, followed by a holding time of 1-3 minutes after reaching the set temperature. Hot deformation processing includes extrusion, rotary forging, die forging, or wire rolling, which can be flexibly selected according to the target product. The die preheating temperature is 400-500℃, and the die surface is sprayed with graphite emulsion or glass lubricant. The hot deformation amount is ≥70%. The titanium alloy material has a density ≥99.9%, an average grain size ≤8μm, an oxygen content <0.5wt.%, and a hydrogen content <0.015wt.%.

8. The high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy short-process rapid manufacturing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S6, the heat treatment temperature is 710-960℃, and the temperature is held for 0.5-5 hours before cooling. Then, depending on the requirements of the target product, an aging treatment is performed at a temperature of 480-650℃, and the temperature is held for 2-8 hours before furnace cooling.

9. The high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy short-process rapid manufacturing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The performance of S6 high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloy products is more than 15% higher in tensile strength compared with the same grade of titanium alloy forgings in the national standard. Among them, TC4 titanium alloy has a tensile strength ≥1000MPa, yield strength ≥900MPa, elongation ≥12%, and impact toughness ≥40J, while pure titanium has a tensile strength ≥600MPa, yield strength ≥480MPa, elongation ≥17%, and impact toughness ≥50J, with a manufacturing cost reduction of more than 30%. For near-β type titanium alloys, after solution treatment at 10-30℃ below the β phase transformation point, followed by water quenching and aging at 600-650℃, the tensile strength is >1100MPa.

10. A short-process rapid manufacturing technology for high-performance powder metallurgy titanium and titanium alloys according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The preparation methods described in S2-S6 are applicable not only to titanium waste, but also to the preparation of α, α+β, near-β and β-series titanium alloys using sponge titanium, master alloys and elemental metals as raw materials.

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