Pressing apparatus with floating mechanism

Abstract

This invention discloses a press-fitting device with a floating mechanism, comprising a base, a press-fitting mechanism, and a floating mechanism. The press-fitting mechanism is mounted on the base via the floating mechanism and is configured to adaptively deflect during the press-fitting process. The press-fitting mechanism includes a press-fitting frame and a press-fitting device, the press-fitting device engaging with a static press-fitting surface on the press-fitting frame to press-fit the part. The floating mechanism includes a floating frame and a floating assembly. The press-fitting frame is rotatably mounted within the floating frame via a pivot. The floating assembly is located within the floating frame and acts on the press-fitting frame, applying an adjustable preload elastic force to the press-fitting frame, enabling the press-fitting frame to automatically return to its original position after deflection, while simultaneously absorbing impact loads during the press-fitting process. This invention effectively solves the problems of uneven loading and stress concentration caused by uneven part surfaces, improves press-fitting quality and equipment lifespan, and has a compact structure, making it suitable for various press-fitting conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mechanical assembly technology, and in particular to a press-fitting device with a floating mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] In mechanical assembly processes, press fitting is a crucial step in assembling parts with interference fits, such as shafts, bearings, and bushings, into corresponding mounting holes using pressure. It is widely used in the automotive, aerospace, and precision instrument manufacturing industries. Common press fitting equipment typically employs a C-frame structure, using hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders to drive the press fitting die and apply force vertically, pressing the parts into the workpiece.

[0003] However, in actual pressing processes, the surfaces of the parts to be pressed often have slight parallelism errors or foreign matter adhering to them, causing the pressing mold and the end face of the part to not fit completely. For traditional rigidly fixed C-frame pressing equipment, the pressing driving force is directly transmitted along the fixed axis and cannot adaptively adjust the direction of force application. This causes the following problems: First, uneven distribution of pressing force, resulting in local stress concentration, which can easily damage the surface of the part; second, off-center loading introduces additional bending moments, which will accelerate the wear of guide components such as guide rails and guide columns over a long period of time, reducing the accuracy and service life of the equipment; third, the impact load generated by rigid collisions during pressing is directly transmitted to the equipment frame, causing vibration and affecting the consistency of pressing.

[0004] While some existing technologies attempt to introduce flexible compensation structures, these structures are often complex, occupy a large space, and are difficult to simultaneously meet the comprehensive requirements of adaptive deflection, impact absorption, and automatic reset after press-fitting. Some solutions also suffer from motion interference between deflection and force application due to improper design of the motion mechanism, resulting in jamming or unstable force transmission.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of press-fitting equipment that can adaptively follow the deflection of the part surface during the press-fitting process, effectively absorb impact, and quickly restore the initial state. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a press-fitting device with a floating mechanism to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the press-fitting device cannot adaptively follow the deflection of the workpiece surface, and is prone to damage to parts and reduction of equipment accuracy due to off-center loading.

[0007] The pressing device with a floating mechanism of the present invention includes a base, a pressing mechanism and a floating mechanism, wherein the pressing mechanism is mounted on the base via the floating mechanism and is configured to adaptively deflect in at least one direction during the pressing process;

[0008] The pressing mechanism includes a pressing frame and a pressing device. The pressing device is disposed at one end of the pressing frame and cooperates with the static pressing surface at the other end of the pressing frame to press the part.

[0009] The floating mechanism includes a floating frame and a floating component. The floating frame is mounted on the base, and the pressing frame is rotatably mounted within the floating frame. The floating component is disposed on the floating frame and acts on the pressing frame to apply a preload force to the pressing frame to cause it to deflect adaptively, and to absorb impact loads during the pressing process.

[0010] Furthermore, the pressing frame is a vertically arranged C-shaped frame, which is rotatably installed in the floating frame via a rotating shaft. The axis of the rotating shaft is perpendicular to the pressing direction, allowing the C-shaped frame to swing around the rotating shaft in a vertical plane.

[0011] Furthermore, the floating assembly includes two floating units, which are disposed on the top of the floating frame and distributed on both sides of the axis of rotation, and the center line connecting the two floating units is perpendicular to the axis of rotation; the preload output end of the floating unit abuts against the upper surface of the top of the C-frame to apply a preload to the C-frame, and the preload is adjustable, so that the static pressure surface of the C-frame remains horizontal before the pressing operation.

[0012] Furthermore, the floating unit includes a ball joint connection structure and an elastic force application device. The ball joint connection structure is disposed between the elastic force application device and the upper surface of the C-shaped frame, so that the elastic force application device and the C-shaped frame can rotatably transmit force.

[0013] Furthermore, the ball joint connection structure includes a floating ball, a ball seat, and a mounting base. The ball seat is guided and installed on the top plate of the floating frame in a manner that allows movement only in the vertical direction. The mounting base is detachably disposed on the upper surface of the C-shaped frame. The ball seat and the mounting base cooperate to clamp the floating ball, allowing the floating ball to rotate relative to the mounting base and the ball seat.

[0014] Furthermore, the elastic force application device includes a bracket, an adjusting member, and a spring. The bracket is fixedly installed on the top plate of the floating frame. The adjusting member is installed on the bracket in a manner that allows its position to be adjusted along the direction of force application. The spring is elastically supported between the adjusting member and the ball seat. The preload is adjusted by changing the position of the adjusting member.

[0015] Furthermore, the adjusting component is an adjusting screw, the bracket is provided with a threaded hole that is threaded to the adjusting screw, the adjusting screw is provided with a stepped portion, the end of the adjusting screw is mounted on the ball seat in a manner that allows it to slide axially and rotate circumferentially, and the two ends of the spring respectively abut against the stepped portion and the ball seat.

[0016] Furthermore, the pressing device includes a drive unit and a pressing mold, wherein the pressing mold is installed at the output end of the drive unit and can be driven to move along the pressing direction.

[0017] Furthermore, the inner side of the pressing frame is also provided with a guide rail arranged parallel to the moving direction of the pressing mold, and the pressing mold is provided with a guide member that slides with the guide rail to constrain the movement trajectory of the pressing mold.

[0018] Furthermore, it also includes a position adjustment mechanism, through which the floating frame can be vertically and horizontally moved and installed on the base.

[0019] The technical solution claimed in this invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. By setting a floating mechanism, the pressing mechanism can adaptively deflect in at least one direction during the pressing process. When there is a parallelism error or foreign matter attached to the surface of the part to be pressed, the pressing frame can automatically adjust its posture to follow the surface of the part, so that the pressing mold and the end face of the part are completely in contact, avoiding local stress concentration and part damage caused by off-center loading.

[0021] 2. The floating component provides a restoring force to return the press frame to its initial position, absorbs impact loads during the press-fitting process, and automatically resets the press frame after press-fitting is completed, ensuring the initial positioning accuracy of the next press-fitting, while reducing the impact of impact vibration on the equipment's accuracy and service life.

[0022] 3. Two floating units symmetrically distributed on both sides of the rotating shaft are adopted, and an adjustable preload structure is configured. The floating stiffness can be flexibly adjusted according to the specifications and process requirements of the press-fitted workpiece, taking into account both adaptive sensitivity and stability under different working conditions.

[0023] 4. The floating unit adopts a ball joint connection structure in conjunction with an elastic force application device. When the press frame deflects, the ball joint adapts to the angle change, ensuring that the spring force is always effectively transmitted in the predetermined direction, while avoiding motion interference caused by the deflection of the press frame.

[0024] 5. The overall structure is compact and integrated between the pressing frame and the floating frame, without taking up a lot of extra space, making it easy to modify and upgrade existing production lines. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the AA cross-section of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a partial schematic diagram of point I of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a partial schematic diagram of section II of the present invention.

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Base; 2. C-frame; 3. Guide rail; 4. Rotating shaft; 5. Press-fit mold; 6. Guide component; 7. Drive unit; 8. Floating unit; 801. Adjusting screw; 802. Bracket; 803. Spring; 804. Ball seat; 805. Floating ball; 806. Mounting base; 9. Floating frame; 10. Vertical moving module; 11. Horizontal moving module. Detailed Implementation

[0031] It should be noted that in the description of this specification, the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the AA cross-section of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a partial schematic diagram of point I of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a partial schematic diagram of section II of the present invention. The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] This embodiment provides a pressing device with a floating mechanism. The device mainly includes a base 1, a position adjustment mechanism, a floating mechanism, and a pressing mechanism.

[0035] The base 1 serves as the installation foundation for the entire equipment, possessing sufficient rigidity and mass to ensure operational stability. The position adjustment mechanism is mounted on the base 1 and drives the floating frame 9 to move vertically and horizontally, adapting to different workstations and work surface heights. Specifically, the position adjustment mechanism includes a horizontal movement module 11 and a vertical movement module 10. The horizontal movement module 11 can be a cross slide driven by a servo motor or an X / Y screw-nut pair, while the vertical movement module 10 can be a combination of a column guide rail and a screw jack, equipped with a locking device. These modules are all mature linear motion actuators and will not be described in detail here.

[0036] The floating mechanism includes a floating frame 9 and floating components. The floating frame 9 is a rigid rectangular frame structure, whose bottom is fixedly connected to the motion output end of the position adjustment mechanism, and its interior forms an installation space to accommodate the pressing mechanism. The pressing mechanism as a whole is supported by the floating frame 9 and the floating components, and is configured to adaptively deflect during the pressing process.

[0037] The pressing mechanism includes a pressing frame and a pressing device. In this embodiment, the pressing frame is a vertically arranged C-shaped frame 2 with an overall C-shaped opening. The lower end of the C-shaped frame 2 is provided with a static pressing surface, which can be a reference plane directly machined from the body of the C-shaped frame 2, or it can be a detachable pad or the upper surface of the lower mold, used to support the workpiece or part to be pressed. The upper end of the C-shaped frame 2 is used to install the pressing device.

[0038] C-frame 2 is rotatably mounted within floating frame 9 via a pivot 4. The pivot 4 is horizontally inserted through the upper part of both side walls of floating frame 9, its axis extending horizontally and perpendicular to the pressing direction (vertical direction). Bearing holes are provided at corresponding positions on the upper part of C-frame 2, and bearings are fitted onto the pivot 4, allowing C-frame 2 to swing slightly around the pivot 4 in a vertical plane. The swing angle is typically designed to be within ±3°. The position of the pivot 4 and the center of gravity distribution of C-frame 2 can be configured such that when C-frame 2 is not subjected to external eccentric loads and is only subjected to gravity and the preload of the floating components, the vertical arm of C-frame 2 is in a vertical state, and the static pressing surface is in a horizontal or near-horizontal reference posture.

[0039] To achieve the aforementioned center of gravity configuration and further enhance the natural vertical alignment and adaptive deflection sensitivity of the C-frame 2 in a free-suspension state, the C-frame 2 body is structurally designed as follows: The bottom of the C-frame 2 and the lower support area opposite the pressing mechanism (i.e., the area containing the static pressing surface) and the lower end of the adjacent vertical arm are made of solid structure, such as solid cast steel or forged steel, or filled with high-density counterweight material to significantly increase the mass of this area. The upper part of the C-frame 2, including the upper crossbeam, the upper middle section of the vertical arm, and the mounting plate of the pressing device, is designed for lightweighting using hollow box-type structures, truss structures, or by opening weight-reduction holes, while ensuring structural strength and rigidity. Alternatively, high-strength lightweight metal materials can be selected. This top-light, bottom-heavy center of gravity configuration makes the overall center of gravity of the C-frame 2 significantly lower and biased towards the lower support side relative to the axis of the rotating shaft 4. Thus, in the initial state, only a small preload needs to be applied by the floating components to maintain the vertical posture. At the same time, it reduces the swaying inertia caused by the upper bias and improves the response speed and reset accuracy of the C-frame 2 to small off-center loads.

[0040] The pressing device is located on top of the C-frame 2. The pressing device includes a drive cylinder and a pressing die 5. The drive cylinder can be a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder, with its cylinder body vertically fixed to the mounting plate on top of the C-frame 2, and its piston rod extending downwards. The pressing die 5 is fixedly connected to the end of the piston rod and can be driven to reciprocate vertically, thereby pressing the workpiece placed on the static pressing surface. To ensure the motion accuracy and anti-eccentric load capacity of the pressing die 5, a guide rail 3 parallel to the pressing direction is fixed on the inner wall of the C-frame 2. A guide member 6 correspondingly slides on the pressing die 5, engaging with the guide rail 3. Through the cooperation of the guide rail 3 and the guide member 6, the motion trajectory of the pressing die 5 is strictly constrained, ensuring that the pressing force is transmitted vertically.

[0041] The floating assembly is used to apply preload to the C-frame 2 and absorb impact loads during the pressing process. In this embodiment, the floating assembly includes two identical floating units 8, which are disposed on the top plate of the floating frame 9 and distributed on both sides of the axis of the rotating shaft 4. The center line connecting the two floating units 8 is perpendicular to the axis of the rotating shaft 4, and the preload output ends of the two floating units 8 both abut downward against the upper surface of the top of the C-frame 2, jointly applying a downward preload to the C-frame 2.

[0042] Each floating unit 8 specifically includes a bracket 802, an adjusting screw 801, a spring 803, a ball seat 804, a floating ball 805, and a mounting base 806. The bracket 802 is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the floating frame 9 by bolts, and a vertical threaded hole is provided on the bracket 802. The adjusting screw 801 passes through the threaded hole and forms a threaded engagement with the bracket 802. The upper end of the adjusting screw 801 has a handwheel or hexagonal head for easy turning by the operator, and the lower section has an annular step. The ball seat 804 is located below the bracket 802 and is guided and installed in the through hole of the top plate of the floating frame 9 in a manner that allows it to move only in the vertical direction. Specifically, a vertical guide keyway is provided on the outer circumference of the ball seat 804, and a guide key that engages with the keyway is fixed in the through hole of the top plate of the floating frame 9, thereby restricting the rotation of the ball seat 804 around the vertical axis and allowing it to slide up and down only in the vertical direction. The lower end of the adjusting screw 801 is machined with a smooth cylindrical section. A clear hole is formed on the upper surface of the ball seat 804. The cylindrical section is inserted into the clear hole with a clearance fit and is axially limited by a spring 803. This allows the adjusting screw 801 to rotate freely relative to the ball seat 804 and slide axially, while providing space for the ball seat 804 to slide vertically up and down. This cylindrical fit ensures that when the adjusting screw 801 is rotated, the ball seat 804 will not rotate with it, and will only be subjected to vertical force.

[0043] Spring 803 is sleeved on the outside of adjusting screw 801, with its upper end abutting against the stepped portion of adjusting screw 801 and its lower end abutting against the upper end face of ball seat 804. Mounting seat 806 is detachably fixed to the upper surface of top of C-frame 2 by screws. As a preferred refinement of the ball joint connection structure, the upper end face of mounting seat 806 is machined with an inner spherical surface, and the bottom surface of ball seat 804 is also machined with an inner spherical surface. Mounting seat 806 and ball seat 804 are aligned vertically to form a clamping space. Floating ball 805 is clamped in this space, and the outer spherical surface of floating ball 805 forms a spherical fit with both inner spherical surfaces. The diameter of the two inner spherical surfaces matches the outer diameter of floating ball 805. An appropriate small gap is left between the mating surfaces, and a low surface roughness such as Ra0.8μm or lower is used to ensure that floating ball 805 can rotate flexibly and freely in any direction without jamming.

[0044] The aforementioned ball joint connection structure, combined with the guiding method that allows the ball seat 804 to move only vertically, cleverly solves the motion coordination problem between the deflection of the C-frame 2 and the application of elastic force. When the C-frame 2 oscillates slightly around the axis 4 due to off-center load during the pressing process, the mounting seat 806 fixed to the upper surface of the C-frame 2 will deflect at an angle accordingly. At this time, since the floating ball 805 can rotate freely, the deflection of the mounting seat 806 is completely absorbed by the floating ball 805, and will not apply a lateral bending moment to the ball seat 804 or cause jamming. The slight vertical rise and fall of the top end caused by the deflection of the C-frame 2 is directly transmitted to the ball seat 804 through the floating ball 805, causing the ball seat 804 to compress or release the spring 803 in the vertical direction. This ensures that the spring force always acts vertically downward through the center of the ball on the C-frame 2, guaranteeing the accuracy and stability of the preload transmission.

[0045] To further enhance the absorption effect of the floating components on impact loads, this embodiment may also include a damper. As a preferred embodiment, a hydraulic damper can be installed in each floating unit 8, arranged in parallel with the spring 803. Specifically, the cylinder of the damper can be fixed to the top plate of the floating frame 9, and its piston rod end is connected to the ball seat 804. When the spring 803 is compressed or extended due to impact, the damper moves synchronously, rapidly converting the vibration energy into heat energy through the flow resistance of the internal hydraulic oil, thereby quickly attenuating the impact vibration and allowing the C-frame 2 to recover stability more quickly. In a simplified structural embodiment, a friction damper can also be used, utilizing the relative sliding friction between the friction plates to dissipate energy. The parallel arrangement of the dampers, together with the spring 803, constitutes the elastic-damping system of the floating unit 8, significantly enhancing the equipment's ability to resist and absorb instantaneous impact loads.

[0046] The adjustment of preload and the leveling process of the static pressure mounting surface are as follows: The operator first places a standard level on the static pressure mounting surface. If the static pressure mounting surface is not level, the adjusting screws 801 of the floating units 8 on both sides are rotated respectively. For example, when the static pressure mounting surface is tilted to one side, the adjusting screw 801 on the higher side is tightened appropriately or the adjusting screw 801 on the lower side is loosened, changing the compression of the spring 803 on that side, thereby adjusting the magnitude of the preload applied to that side of the C-shaped frame 2. The torque difference around the rotation axis 4 generated by the preload on both sides will drive the C-shaped frame 2 to rotate a small angle until the level shows that the static pressure mounting surface has reached a level state. This leveling function can effectively eliminate the initial tilting error caused by manufacturing tolerances, assembly gaps, and uneven component weight, providing a precise initial positioning reference for the press-fitting operation. During the adjustment process, the adjusting screw 801 rotates freely relative to the ball seat 804, and the ball seat 804 only moves vertically up and down, making the adjustment easy and the positioning precise.

[0047] During operation, the position adjustment mechanism first moves the entire pressing mechanism to the correct position and height. The workpiece to be pressed is placed on the static pressing surface, and the part to be pressed is pre-positioned in the corresponding position on the workpiece. The drive cylinder is activated, and the pressing mold 5 moves downward. When the bottom surface of the pressing mold 5 contacts the upper surface of the part, if the two contact surfaces are not parallel due to processing errors or the presence of small foreign objects, an eccentric torque will be generated. Under the action of this torque, the C-shaped frame 2 performs adaptive micro-oscillation around the rotating shaft 4, automatically adjusting its posture to ensure that the bottom surface of the pressing mold 5 and the upper surface of the part are fully in contact, avoiding unilateral force or pressing tilt. During this deflection process, the floating unit 8 spring 803 on one side of the rotating shaft 4 is further compressed, and the spring 803 on the other side extends accordingly; the floating ball 805 rotates between the mounting base 806 and the ball seat 804 to adapt to the angle change, ensuring that the spring force transmission path does not get stuck. After the pressing is completed, the drive cylinder returns, and the previously compressed spring 803 releases its elastic potential energy, pushing the C-shaped frame 2 back to its initial vertical balance position, preparing for the next pressing.

[0048] More importantly, during the pressing process, the spring 803 and the parallel damper work together to absorb the impact load. When a momentary impact occurs, such as the inertial impact when pressing to the bottom or the impact of a part suddenly sliding after jamming, the impact force is transmitted to the floating assembly through the C-frame 2. The spring 803 is rapidly compressed, converting some of the impact kinetic energy into elastic potential energy. At the same time, the damper consumes another part of the energy, playing a significant role in buffering and vibration reduction, thereby more effectively protecting the pressing mold 5 and precision parts and extending the service life of the equipment.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] This embodiment provides several alternative solutions to the ball joint connection structure in the floating unit 8. These solutions can all be applied to the floating unit 8 described in Embodiment 1 to replace the floating ball 805 and the corresponding ball-and-socket structure.

[0051] In an alternative, the floating ball 805 is replaced by a ball-head-ball-socket joint structure. Specifically, the separate floating ball 805 and the upper ball socket within the mounting base 806 are eliminated. Instead, a downwardly protruding ball head is directly formed or connected at the output end of the elastic force-applying device, i.e., the lower end of the ball seat 804. Correspondingly, a lower ball socket is machined into or formed through a mounting base 806 with an inner ball socket on the upper surface of the top of the C-frame 2. The ball head is directly received and fitted within this lower ball socket, forming a spherical revolute joint. This solution reduces the number of parts, simplifies the structure, and is suitable for light loads or applications requiring high structural compactness.

[0052] In another alternative, a self-lubricating radial spherical plain bearing is used as the core component for achieving omnidirectional rotation. Specifically, a standard-sized self-lubricating radial spherical plain bearing is placed between the ball seat 804 and the mounting base 806. The inner ring of this spherical plain bearing is fixed to the mounting base 806 by bolts or clamping, while the outer ring is fixed to the ball seat 804, or vice versa. The spherical plain bearing itself allows tilting and rotation in any direction between the inner and outer rings, thus replacing the function of the floating ball 805. The advantages of using a self-lubricating spherical plain bearing are its high load-bearing capacity, good wear resistance, no need for additional lubrication, and long service life, making it particularly suitable for heavy-duty press equipment with high pressing forces or high working cycles.

[0053] It should be noted that the above two alternatives can be selected according to actual working conditions. Their cooperation with other parts of the floating component and their working principle are the same as those in Embodiment 1, and both can achieve the functions of adaptive deflection and impact absorption.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] The main difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is the form of the press-fitting frame, so as to demonstrate that the floating mechanism of the present invention can be applied to other press-fitting frame structures other than C-type frame 2, thereby supporting a wider range of protection.

[0056] In this embodiment, the pressing frame is a gantry-type pressing frame, which includes an upper crossbeam, a lower crossbeam, and two columns connecting the two. The upper crossbeam is equipped with a pressing device, specifically including a drive cylinder and a pressing mold 5, with the same structure as in Embodiment 1. The upper surface of the lower crossbeam has a static pressing surface. The gantry-type pressing frame is rotatably supported within a floating frame 9 by at least one rotating shaft 4. The axis of the rotating shaft 4 is horizontal and perpendicular to the pressing direction, allowing the entire gantry-type pressing frame to swing around the rotating shaft 4 in a vertical plane. The floating assembly is still located at the top of the floating frame 9 and includes two floating units 8 symmetrically distributed on both sides of the axis of the rotating shaft 4. Their structure and working principle are the same as in Embodiment 1, and the damper scheme in Embodiment 1 or any ball joint alternative scheme in Embodiment 2 can be used. The preload output ends of the two floating units 8 abut downwards against the upper surface of the upper crossbeam, applying an adjustable preload to the gantry-type pressing frame. By adjusting the preload on both sides, the static pressing surface can also be leveled. When the pressing process generates an off-center load, the gantry pressing frame swings around the pivot 4, and the floating components adaptively adjust the pressure on both sides to absorb the impact and ensure that the pressing surfaces fit together.

[0057] This embodiment shows that the press-fitting frame of the present invention is not limited to the C-shaped frame 2 structure. Any frame structure with a press-fitting device mounting part and a static press-fitting surface arranged opposite to each other can achieve the functions of adaptive deflection and impact absorption by cooperating with the above-mentioned floating components through the rotating shaft 4, thereby obtaining the technical effect of floating press-fitting.

[0058] Example 4

[0059] The main difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 lies in the pressing direction and the arrangement of the C-frame 2, so as to demonstrate that the floating mechanism of the present invention can be applied to horizontal pressing conditions.

[0060] In this embodiment, the pressing frame is a horizontally arranged C-shaped frame 2, meaning the opening direction of the C-shaped frame 2 is horizontal. One end of the C-shaped frame 2 is a vertical mounting arm for mounting the pressing device; the other end of the C-shaped frame 2 is a vertical support arm opposite to it, on which a static pressing surface is provided. The drive cylinder of the pressing device is horizontally mounted on the vertical mounting arm, and its piston rod extends horizontally. The pressing mold 5 is fixed to the end of the piston rod and can be driven to reciprocate horizontally, applying pressing force toward the static pressing surface.

[0061] The C-frame 2 is rotatably mounted within the floating frame 9 via a vertically positioned pivot 4. The axis of the pivot 4 extends vertically and is perpendicular to the horizontal pressing direction. The C-frame 2 can swing slightly in the horizontal plane around the pivot 4 to accommodate non-parallelism of the workpiece contact surfaces in the horizontal direction.

[0062] The floating assembly is mounted on the two side walls of the floating frame 9, parallel to the pressing direction, and includes two floating units 8 symmetrically distributed on both sides of the axis of the rotating shaft 4. The center line connecting the two floating units 8 is perpendicular to the axis of the rotating shaft 4, and the preload output ends of the two floating units 8 abut against the side of the vertical mounting arm of the C-shaped frame 2 in the horizontal direction, jointly applying a horizontal preload to the C-shaped frame 2, so that the static pressing surface of the C-shaped frame 2 maintains a vertical reference posture when it is not subjected to external eccentric load. The specific structure of the floating unit 8 can adopt any of the forms described in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, only its installation direction is adjusted from vertical to horizontal, and the working principle of its elastic force application device, ball joint connection structure and damper are the same as those in the aforementioned embodiments.

[0063] The remaining structure and working process of this embodiment are similar to those of Embodiment 1. During press fitting, the drive cylinder pushes the press fitting mold 5 to move horizontally. When the contact surface between the mold and the workpiece is not parallel, the generated eccentric torque drives the C-shaped frame 2 to swing around the vertical axis 4 in the horizontal plane. The floating component adaptively adjusts the preload on both sides and absorbs the impact, thereby realizing the floating adaptive function under horizontal press fitting conditions.

[0064] This embodiment further demonstrates the core concept of the present invention: adaptive deflection is achieved by supporting the press-fitting frame with the rotating shaft 4 and cooperating with the floating component with adjustable preload, independent of a specific press-fitting direction or the spatial orientation of the C-frame 2. Whether it is vertical or horizontal press-fitting, the same floating adaptive and impact absorption effects can be obtained by adjusting the direction of the rotating shaft 4 and the layout of the floating component accordingly.

[0065] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pressing device with a floating mechanism, characterized in that: It includes a base, a pressing mechanism, and a floating mechanism. The pressing mechanism is mounted on the base via the floating mechanism and is configured to adaptively deflect in at least one direction during the pressing process. The pressing mechanism includes a pressing frame and a pressing device. The pressing device is disposed at one end of the pressing frame and cooperates with the static pressing surface at the other end of the pressing frame to press the part. The floating mechanism includes a floating frame and a floating component. The floating frame is mounted on the base, and the pressing frame is rotatably mounted within the floating frame. The floating component is disposed on the floating frame and acts on the pressing frame to apply a preload force to the pressing frame to cause it to deflect adaptively, and to absorb impact loads during the pressing process.

2. The pressing equipment with a floating mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressing frame is a vertically arranged C-shaped frame. The C-shaped frame is rotatably installed in the floating frame via a rotating shaft. The axis of the rotating shaft is perpendicular to the pressing direction, allowing the C-shaped frame to swing around the rotating shaft in a vertical plane.

3. The pressing equipment with a floating mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The floating assembly includes two floating units, which are disposed on the top of the floating frame and distributed on both sides of the axis of rotation, and the center line connecting the two floating units is perpendicular to the axis of rotation. The preload output end of the floating unit abuts against the upper surface of the top of the C-frame to apply a preload to the C-frame, and the preload is adjustable, so that the static pressure surface of the C-frame remains horizontal before the pressing operation.

4. The pressing equipment with a floating mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The floating unit includes a ball joint connection structure and an elastic force application device. The ball joint connection structure is disposed between the elastic force application device and the upper surface of the C-shaped frame, so that the elastic force application device and the C-shaped frame can rotatably transmit force.

5. The pressing equipment with a floating mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: The ball joint connection structure includes a floating ball, a ball seat, and a mounting base. The ball seat is guided and installed on the top plate of the floating frame in a manner that allows movement only in the vertical direction. The mounting base is detachably disposed on the upper surface of the C-shaped frame. The ball seat and the mounting base cooperate to clamp the floating ball, allowing the floating ball to rotate relative to the mounting base and the ball seat.

6. The pressing equipment with a floating mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that: The elastic force application device includes a bracket, an adjusting member, and a spring. The bracket is fixedly installed on the top plate of the floating frame. The adjusting member is installed on the bracket in a manner that allows its position to be adjusted along the direction of force application. The spring is elastically supported between the adjusting member and the ball seat. The preload is adjusted by changing the position of the adjusting member.

7. The pressing equipment with a floating mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: The adjusting component is an adjusting screw, the bracket is provided with a threaded hole that is threaded to the adjusting screw, the adjusting screw is provided with a stepped portion, the end of the adjusting screw is mounted on the ball seat in a manner that allows it to slide axially and rotate circumferentially, and the two ends of the spring respectively abut against the stepped portion and the ball seat.

8. The pressing equipment with a floating mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressing device includes a drive unit and a pressing mold. The pressing mold is installed at the output end of the drive unit and can be driven to move along the pressing direction.

9. The pressing equipment with a floating mechanism according to claim 8, characterized in that: The inner side of the pressing frame is also provided with a guide rail that is parallel to the moving direction of the pressing mold. The pressing mold is provided with a guide member that slides with the guide rail to constrain the movement trajectory of the pressing mold.

10. The pressing equipment with a floating mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a position adjustment mechanism, through which the floating frame can be vertically and horizontally moved and mounted on the base.

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