An overvoltage protection device for a power storage battery, a battery and an intelligent vehicle

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of overvoltage protection devices for power storage battery, for preventing power storage battery overcharge, it is characterized in that, including: voltage acquisition circuit, electrically connected to the positive and negative pole of power storage battery, to acquire the voltage of the power storage battery, and when the voltage of power storage battery is greater than the set voltage threshold and continues preset time, control signal is sent;And, overcurrent protection circuit, electrically connected between the positive terminal of power storage battery and the positive pole charge-discharge interface, and electrically connected with voltage acquisition circuit, to cut off the connection between the positive terminal of power storage battery and the positive pole charge-discharge interface when receiving control signal.The corresponding battery and intelligent vehicle are also disclosed, can disconnect the main loop of battery in time when voltage is too high due to power storage battery overcharge in the case where BMS cannot normally detect battery voltage, effectively avoid the problem of thermal runaway caused by battery overcharge in the process of driving charging and plug-in charging due to BMS failure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery safety protection technology, and in particular to an overvoltage protection device for power storage batteries, a battery, and a vehicle using the overvoltage protection device for power storage batteries. Background Technology

[0002] Ensuring the safe operation of new energy vehicles, especially the safety protection of their power storage batteries, is crucial for the smooth development of the new energy vehicle industry. However, some safety issues still exist in the protection of power storage batteries. Taking lithium-ion battery-powered vehicles, which are experiencing the fastest growth, as an example, statistics show that over 50% of safety accidents involving new energy vehicles have been related to the power storage battery system.

[0003] Currently, a widely adopted electric vehicle (EV) safety management solution divides the EV safety management process into three functional modules: one for battery safety management and safety fault prediction and alarm, one for vehicle safety monitoring, and one for remote data monitoring and analysis. These three modules are located in the battery management system (BMS) of the power storage battery, the vehicle controller, and the remote vehicle data monitoring server, respectively. The BMS is the core management system for the power storage battery in an EV, influencing its performance and playing a crucial role in the vehicle's power and safety. However, the above-mentioned intelligent safety management method does not consider the consequences of BMS failure.

[0004] Regardless of whether the solution is software-based, hardware-based, or a combination of both, control failures are inevitable due to various reasons. For a core management system like a Business Management System (BMS), a control failure can potentially lead to extremely serious security problems. Therefore, how to remedy control failures in a BMS system to prevent serious security incidents has become an urgent issue to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an overvoltage protection device, battery, and intelligent vehicle for power storage batteries, so as to promptly disconnect the charging and discharging circuit of the power storage battery when the BMS system fails to monitor the voltage of the power storage battery, thereby avoiding safety accidents caused by excessively high voltage of the power storage battery.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows:

[0007] A first aspect of the present invention is to provide an overvoltage protection device for a power storage battery to prevent the power storage battery from being overcharged, comprising:

[0008] A voltage acquisition circuit, electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the power storage battery, acquires the voltage of the power storage battery and issues a control signal when the voltage of the power storage battery exceeds a set voltage threshold for a preset time; and,

[0009] An overcurrent protection circuit is electrically connected between the positive terminal of the power storage battery and the positive charging / discharging interface, and is also electrically connected to the voltage acquisition circuit, so as to disconnect the connection between the positive terminal of the power storage battery and the positive charging / discharging interface when the control signal is received.

[0010] Furthermore, the voltage threshold is higher than the safety voltage set by the BMS system of the power storage battery.

[0011] Furthermore, the voltage threshold is the maximum limiting voltage of the power storage battery.

[0012] Furthermore, the overcurrent protection circuit includes:

[0013] A switching unit, one end of which is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the power storage battery, and the other end of which is electrically connected to one end of a fuse (123). The switching unit is in a closed state when the voltage acquisition circuit does not send a control signal.

[0014] A trigger circuit is electrically connected to the voltage acquisition circuit, and the switching unit is placed in the off state after receiving the control signal;

[0015] A fuse, one end of which is electrically connected to one end of the switch unit (121), and the other end of which is electrically connected to the positive charging and discharging interface.

[0016] Furthermore, the overcurrent protection circuit is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the power storage battery via a manual maintenance switch;

[0017] The positive terminal of the voltage acquisition circuit is electrically connected between the positive terminal of the power storage battery and the manual maintenance switch.

[0018] Furthermore, the positive charging / discharging interface includes a load positive interface, a positive charging interface, a heating device positive interface, and an air conditioner positive interface; wherein,

[0019] The overcurrent protection circuit is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the load via a main positive contactor;

[0020] The overcurrent protection circuit is electrically connected to the positive charging interface through a positive charging contactor;

[0021] The overcurrent protection circuit is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the heating device via a heating control contactor.

[0022] The overcurrent protection circuit is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the air conditioner via an air conditioner control contactor.

[0023] Furthermore, the negative terminal of the power storage battery is electrically connected to the negative terminal charging and discharging interface via a Hall current sensor.

[0024] The negative terminal of the voltage acquisition circuit is electrically connected between the negative terminal of the power storage battery and the Hall current sensor.

[0025] Furthermore, the negative electrode charging / discharging interface includes a load negative electrode interface, a negative electrode charging interface, a heating device negative electrode interface, and an air conditioner negative electrode interface; wherein,

[0026] The Hall current sensor is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the load via a main negative contactor;

[0027] The Hall current sensor is electrically connected to the negative charging interface via a negative charging contactor.

[0028] The Hall current sensor is directly electrically connected to the negative terminal interface of the heating device;

[0029] The Hall current sensor is directly electrically connected to the negative terminal of the air conditioner.

[0030] A second aspect of the present invention is to provide a power storage battery, including the overvoltage protection device for a power storage battery described in the first aspect.

[0031] A third aspect of the present invention is to provide an intelligent vehicle employing the power storage battery as described in the second aspect.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the overvoltage protection device for power storage batteries, the battery, and intelligent vehicles of the present invention are as follows:

[0033] (1) The power storage battery overvoltage protection device of the present invention can control the disconnection of the overcurrent protection circuit by judging the total voltage between the positive and negative terminals of the power storage battery through the voltage acquisition circuit when the BMS fails and cannot detect the voltage of the power storage battery normally. In this way, when the voltage of the power storage battery exceeds the safe range due to overcharging, the main circuit of the power storage battery can be disconnected in time to prevent thermal runaway of the power storage battery caused by overcharging.

[0034] (2) Control loop and strategy for overcharge protection with active fuse in case of BMS failure. In the event of BMS failure, i.e., the BMS cannot detect the battery system voltage normally, an active fuse is added inside the battery system to collect the total system voltage. When the system is overcharged, the active fuse is controlled to disconnect based on the total battery system voltage. When the battery system is overcharged, this circuit disconnects the main circuit to prevent thermal runaway caused by overcharging. This can effectively avoid thermal runaway caused by overcharging of the power storage battery due to BMS failure during vehicle charging, and can also avoid thermal runaway caused by overcharging due to BMS failure during plug-in charging. Attached Figure Description

[0035] The following figures are for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the scope of the invention.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overvoltage protection device for power storage batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 (a) is a circuit diagram of the overvoltage protection device for power storage battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 (b) is the first physical circuit diagram corresponding to the circuit schematic diagram of the power storage battery overvoltage protection device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the power storage battery and external circuit when using the power storage battery overvoltage protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the overvoltage protection device for power storage batteries during the charging process of power storage batteries, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Label Explanation

[0042] 11. Voltage Acquisition Circuit

[0043] 12. Overcurrent protection circuit

[0044] 121. Switching Unit

[0045] 122. Trigger circuit

[0046] 123. Fuse

[0047] 2. Power storage battery

[0048] 3. Positive charging / discharging interface

[0049] 31. Load positive terminal interface

[0050] 32. Positive charging port

[0051] 33. Positive terminal of heating device

[0052] 34. Air conditioner positive terminal interface

[0053] 4. Manual maintenance switch

[0054] 51. Main positive contactor

[0055] 52. Positive charging contactor

[0056] 53. Heating control contactor

[0057] 54. Air conditioning control contactor

[0058] 6. Hall current sensor

[0059] 7. Negative charging / discharging interface

[0060] 71. Load Negative Interface

[0061] 72. Negative charging port

[0062] 73. Negative terminal of heating device

[0063] 74. Air conditioner negative terminal interface

[0064] 81. Main negative contactor

[0065] 82. Negative charging contactor

[0066] 91. First Fuse

[0067] 92. Second Fuse Detailed Implementation

[0068] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the invention, specific embodiments of the invention are now described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the same reference numerals denote the same parts.

[0069] In this document, “illustrative” means “serving as an example, illustration or description”, and any illustration or implementation described herein as “illustrative” should not be construed as a more preferred or advantageous technical solution.

[0070] To keep the drawings concise, only the parts relevant to the invention are shown in each figure, and do not represent the actual structure of the product. Furthermore, to facilitate understanding, in some figures, only one of the components with the same structure or function is shown schematically, or only one is labeled.

[0071] In this article, "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish one another, and not to indicate degree of importance, order, or prerequisite for each other.

[0072] In this document, terms such as "equal" and "same" are not strict mathematical and / or geometric limitations, but also include errors that are understandable to those skilled in the art and permissible in manufacturing or use. Unless otherwise stated, numerical ranges in this document include not only the entire range within its two endpoints, but also several subranges contained therein.

[0073] like Figure 1 As shown, the overvoltage protection device for a power storage battery provided in this embodiment of the invention includes a voltage acquisition circuit 11 and an overcurrent protection circuit 12. The voltage acquisition circuit 11 is electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the power storage battery 2 to acquire the voltage of the power storage battery 2, and issues a control signal when the voltage of the power storage battery 2 exceeds a set voltage threshold for a preset time. The overcurrent protection circuit 12 is electrically connected between the positive terminal of the power storage battery 2 and the positive charging / discharging interface 3, and is also electrically connected to the voltage acquisition circuit 11, to disconnect the connection between the positive terminal of the power storage battery 2 and the positive charging / discharging interface 3 upon receiving the control signal.

[0074] In an optional embodiment, the set voltage threshold is higher than the safety voltage set by the BMS system of the power storage battery 2. In this case, when the BMS system fails to monitor the voltage of the power storage battery, the voltage of the power storage battery may exceed the safety voltage set by the BMS system of the power storage battery 2 and continue to rise. When the voltage of the power storage battery continues to rise and reaches the voltage threshold set in this embodiment, the overvoltage protection device of the power storage battery provided by this embodiment promptly disconnects the connection between the positive terminal of the power storage battery and the positive charging / discharging interface 3, thereby realizing the timely disconnection of the charging / discharging circuit of the power storage battery. This can avoid the occurrence of safety accidents caused by excessively high power storage battery voltage when the BMS system fails to monitor the voltage of the power storage battery.

[0075] In an optional embodiment, the voltage threshold can be set to the maximum limiting voltage of the power storage battery, wherein the maximum limiting voltage is slightly higher than the BMS protection voltage.

[0076] Figure 2 (a) shows a circuit diagram of an overvoltage protection device for a power storage battery according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 (b) shows the circuit diagram corresponding to the circuit schematic diagram of the power storage battery overvoltage protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0077] See Figure 2 (a)- Figure 2As shown in (b), the overcurrent protection circuit 12 includes a switching unit 121, a trigger circuit 122, and a fuse 123. One end of the switching unit 121 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the power storage battery 2, and the other end is electrically connected to one end of the fuse 123. The switching unit 121 is in a closed state when the voltage acquisition circuit 11 does not send a control signal. The trigger circuit 122 is electrically connected to the voltage acquisition circuit 11 and, upon receiving a control signal, places the switching unit 121 in an open state. One end of the fuse 123 is electrically connected to one end of the switching unit 121, and the other end is electrically connected to the positive charging / discharging interface 3.

[0078] The specific circuit structure of the voltage acquisition circuit 11 can be implemented using existing technology, and will not be described in detail here.

[0079] Figure 3 A circuit diagram of the power storage battery and external circuitry when using the overvoltage protection device for power storage batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 3 As shown, in an optional embodiment, a manual service disconnect (MSD) 4 is provided between the overcurrent protection circuit 12 and the positive terminal of the power storage battery 2. The overcurrent protection circuit 12 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the power storage battery 2 through the manual service disconnect 4. The function of the manual service disconnect 4 is to manually disconnect the power storage battery 2 from the external circuit. When performing, for example, maintenance or disassembly of the power storage battery 2, it is necessary to manually disconnect the power storage battery 2 from the external circuit by operating the manual service disconnect 4.

[0080] To accurately collect the voltage of the power storage battery 2, the voltage collection point should be as close as possible to the power storage battery 2. Therefore, if... Figure 3 As shown, in an optional embodiment, the positive terminal of the voltage acquisition circuit 11 is electrically connected between the positive terminal of the power storage battery 2 and the manual maintenance switch 4.

[0081] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 (a)- Figure 2 (b) and Figure 3 As shown, the positive charging / discharging interface 3 includes a load positive interface 31, a positive charging interface 32, a heating device positive interface 33, and an air conditioner positive interface 34. The overcurrent protection circuit 12 is electrically connected to the load positive interface 31 via a main positive contactor 51. The overcurrent protection circuit 12 is electrically connected to the positive charging interface 32 via a positive charging contactor 52. The overcurrent protection circuit 12 is electrically connected to the heating device positive interface 33 via a heating control contactor 53. The overcurrent protection circuit 12 is electrically connected to the air conditioner positive interface 34 via an air conditioner control contactor 54.

[0082] like Figure 3 As shown, in an optional embodiment, the negative terminal of the power storage battery 2 is electrically connected to the negative charging / discharging interface 7 via a Hall current sensor 6. To accurately acquire the voltage of the power storage battery 2, the voltage acquisition point should be as close as possible to the power storage battery 2; therefore, as shown... Figure 3 As shown, in an optional embodiment, the negative terminal of the voltage acquisition circuit 11 is electrically connected between the negative terminal of the power storage battery 2 and the Hall current sensor 6.

[0083] like Figure 3 As shown, in an optional embodiment, the negative charging / discharging interface 7 includes a load negative interface 71, a negative charging interface 72, a heating device negative interface 73, and an air conditioner negative interface 74. The Hall current sensor 6 is electrically connected to the load negative interface 71 via a main negative contactor 81. The Hall current sensor 6 is electrically connected to the negative charging interface 72 via a negative charging contactor 82. The Hall current sensor 6 is directly electrically connected to the heating device negative interface 73. The Hall current sensor 6 is directly electrically connected to the air conditioner negative interface 74.

[0084] In addition, a first fuse 91 is connected in series between the overcurrent protection circuit 12 and the heating control contactor 53 to prevent the heating device from being damaged or endangered due to excessive current when it is working. A second fuse 92 is also connected in series between the overcurrent protection circuit 12 and the air conditioning control contactor 54 to prevent the air conditioner from being damaged or endangered due to excessive current when it is working.

[0085] The overvoltage protection device for power storage batteries in this embodiment of the invention is a protective remedy for the failure of the BMS (Battery Management System) of the power storage battery. In cases where BMS failure leads to voltage distortion in the BMS's data acquisition, when the power storage battery is charged to the cutoff voltage, the distorted voltage prevents the BMS from effectively determining whether the acquired voltage value is the charging end voltage. Consequently, after the battery system is fully charged, the BMS cannot automatically disconnect the high-voltage contactors (i.e., the positive charging contactor 52 and the negative charging contactor 82). By employing the overvoltage protection device for power storage batteries in this embodiment of the invention, an overcurrent protection circuit 12 is added to the main circuit of the power storage battery 2, i.e., the positive terminal. This overcurrent protection circuit 12 is not controlled by the BMS but is controlled by an independent voltage acquisition circuit 11. In an optional embodiment, the control strategy of the overcurrent protection circuit 12 is as follows: when the voltage acquisition circuit 11 acquires a state where U ≥ the maximum limit voltage of the power storage battery (slightly higher than the BMS protection voltage) and U ≥ the maximum limit voltage of the power storage battery (slightly higher than the BMS protection voltage) for a certain period of time (e.g., 60 seconds), the voltage acquisition circuit 11 sends a control signal to the overcurrent protection circuit 12 to disconnect the overcurrent protection circuit 12, thereby disconnecting the main circuit of the power storage battery 2. This effectively avoids dangerous situations such as thermal runaway caused by overcharging of the power storage battery 2. Here, U is the current voltage value of the power storage battery 2, U 额 This is the rated voltage value of power storage battery 2.

[0086] In the overcurrent protection circuit 12, after the trigger circuit 122 receives the control signal, it disconnects the switching unit 121, thereby cutting off the external circuit of the power storage battery 2. In the overcurrent protection circuit 12, once the switching unit 121 is disconnected, it will not be reconnected; this can be achieved using existing technology. In an optional embodiment, the overcurrent protection circuit 12 can be implemented using a DC overcurrent protector from the MERSEN Xp series.

[0087] During vehicle charging, if the BMS fails or the signal transmitted from the BMS to the vehicle controller is distorted, neither the BMS nor the vehicle controller can effectively determine the actual voltage across the power storage battery 2. The battery system will continue to charge during driving, easily leading to overcharging of the power storage battery 2. When the power storage battery overvoltage protection device of this embodiment is used, the voltage acquisition circuit 11 continuously monitors the voltage across the power storage battery 2. When the voltage value U across the power storage battery 2 is greater than or equal to the maximum limit voltage of the power storage battery (slightly higher than the BMS protection voltage) and remains so for a certain period (e.g., 60 seconds), the voltage acquisition circuit 11 controls the overcurrent protection circuit 12 connected to the positive terminal of the power storage battery 2 to disconnect, thereby disconnecting the main circuit of the power storage battery 2. This effectively prevents the power storage battery 2 from thermal runaway and other dangers caused by overcharging during driving.

[0088] Figure 4 This diagram illustrates the circuit structure of the overvoltage protection device for a power storage battery during the charging process, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 As shown, during the charging process of the power storage battery 2, the positive charging contactor 52 and the negative charging contactor 82 are closed, while the main positive contactor 51 and the main negative contactor 81 are open. At this time, if the BMS fails and detects an incorrect voltage value of the power storage battery 2, and if this incorrect voltage value is less than the actual voltage value of the power storage battery 2, the BMS will continuously request current from the charger. Even when the battery system is fully charged, the BMS will still request current from the charger, and the power storage battery 2 will continue to be in a charging state. Without the battery overvoltage protection device of this embodiment, overcharging of the power storage battery 2 can easily occur, leading to safety problems. After adopting the battery overvoltage protection device of this embodiment, when the voltage value U at both ends of the battery is greater than or equal to the maximum limit voltage of the power storage battery (slightly higher than the BMS protection voltage), the voltage acquisition circuit 11 will acquire this voltage value U. After the state of U being greater than or equal to the maximum limit voltage of the power storage battery (slightly higher than the BMS protection voltage) continues for a certain period of time (e.g., 60 seconds), the voltage acquisition circuit 11 controls the overcurrent protection circuit 12 to disconnect, thereby disconnecting the main circuit of the power storage battery 2, that is, disconnecting the charging circuit of the power storage battery 2. At this time, even if the positive charging contactor 52 and the negative charging contactor 82 are still in the closed state, the power storage battery 2 will no longer continue to be charged, thereby effectively preventing the occurrence of dangers such as thermal runaway caused by overcharging during the charging process of the power storage battery 2.

[0089] This invention also provides a vehicle that employs the power storage battery overvoltage protection device described above.

[0090] The power storage battery overvoltage protection device of this invention, when the BMS fails and cannot detect the power storage battery voltage normally, controls the disconnection of the overcurrent protection circuit by judging the total voltage between the positive and negative terminals of the power storage battery through the voltage acquisition circuit when the power storage battery voltage is too high due to overcharging. In this way, when the voltage of the power storage battery exceeds the safe range due to overcharging, the main circuit of the power storage battery can be disconnected in time to prevent thermal runaway of the power storage battery caused by overcharging. It can effectively avoid thermal runaway problems caused by overcharging of the power storage battery due to BMS failure during vehicle charging, and can also avoid thermal runaway caused by overcharging due to BMS failure during plug-in charging.

[0091] It should be understood that although this specification describes various embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This way of describing the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0092] The detailed descriptions listed above are merely specific descriptions of feasible embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent implementation schemes or modifications made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, such as combinations, divisions or repetitions of features, should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An overvoltage protection device for a power storage battery, used to prevent the power storage battery from being overcharged, characterized in that, include: Voltage acquisition circuit (11) is electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the power storage battery (2) to acquire the voltage of the power storage battery (2) and to issue a control signal when the voltage of the power storage battery (2) is greater than a set voltage threshold and continues for a preset time. as well as, An overcurrent protection circuit (12) is electrically connected between the positive terminal of the power storage battery (2) and the positive charging / discharging interface (3), and is also electrically connected to the voltage acquisition circuit (11) to disconnect the connection between the positive terminal of the power storage battery (2) and the positive charging / discharging interface (3) when the control signal is received.

2. The overvoltage protection device for power storage batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage threshold is higher than the safety voltage set by the BMS system of the power storage battery (2).

3. The overvoltage protection device for power storage batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that: The voltage threshold is the maximum limit voltage of the power storage battery (2).

4. The overvoltage protection device for a power energy storage battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overcurrent protection circuit (12) includes: A switching unit (121) is provided, one end of which is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the power storage battery (2), and the other end of which is electrically connected to one end of a fuse (123). The switching unit (121) is in a closed state when the voltage acquisition circuit (11) does not send a control signal. A trigger circuit (122) is electrically connected to the voltage acquisition circuit (11) and sets the switch unit (121) to the off state after receiving the control signal; A fuse (123) is provided, one end of which is electrically connected to one end of the switch unit (121), and the other end of which is electrically connected to the positive charging / discharging interface (3).

5. The overvoltage protection device for a power energy storage battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overcurrent protection circuit (12) is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the power storage battery (2) via a manual maintenance switch (4); The positive terminal of the voltage acquisition circuit (11) is electrically connected between the positive terminal of the power storage battery (2) and the manual maintenance switch (4).

6. The overvoltage protection device for a power energy storage battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positive charging / discharging interface (3) includes a load positive interface (31), a positive charging interface (32), a heating device positive interface (33), and an air conditioner positive interface (34); wherein, The overcurrent protection circuit (12) is electrically connected to the positive terminal interface (31) of the load via the main positive contactor (51); The overcurrent protection circuit (12) is electrically connected to the positive charging interface (32) through the positive charging contactor (52); The overcurrent protection circuit (12) is electrically connected to the positive terminal interface (33) of the heating device via the heating control contactor (53); The overcurrent protection circuit (12) is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the air conditioner (34) via the air conditioner control contactor (54).

7. The overvoltage protection device for a power energy storage battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative terminal of the power storage battery (2) is electrically connected to the negative terminal charging and discharging interface (7) via a Hall current sensor (6); The negative terminal of the voltage acquisition circuit (11) is electrically connected between the negative terminal of the power storage battery (2) and the Hall current sensor (6).

8. The overvoltage protection device for a power energy storage battery according to claim 7, characterized in that: The negative charging / discharging interface (7) includes a load negative interface (71), a negative charging interface (72), a heating device negative interface (73), and an air conditioner negative interface (74); wherein, The Hall current sensor (6) is electrically connected to the load negative terminal interface (71) via the main negative contactor (81); The Hall current sensor (6) is electrically connected to the negative charging interface (72) via the negative charging contactor (82); The Hall current sensor (6) is directly electrically connected to the negative terminal interface (73) of the heating device; The Hall current sensor (6) is directly electrically connected to the negative terminal interface (74) of the air conditioner.

9. A power energy storage battery, characterized in that, Includes the overvoltage protection device for power storage batteries as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. An intelligent vehicle, characterized in that, The intelligent vehicle is driven by the power storage battery as described in claim 9.

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