Plateau alpine environment carbonization equipment antifreeze and waste heat recovery integrated system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a highland alpine environment carbonization equipment antifreezing and waste heat recovery integrated system and method, and relates to the field of carbonization equipment antifreezing and waste heat recovery integrated system and method. The system comprises a feed preheater, a hydrothermal carbonization reaction kettle, a high-temperature product heat exchanger, a flash tank, a quench tower, equipment pipelines sequentially connected with the above equipment, and a valve group arranged on the equipment pipelines; the system is characterized in that the system further comprises a heat preservation and heat storage tank, an antifreezing liquid circulating inlet pipe, an antifreezing liquid circulating return pipe, a hot water circulating inlet pipe, a hot water circulating return pipe, a flash steam recycling pipeline, a flash steam branch inlet pipe, a flash steam branch return pipe, an antifreezing liquid heat tracing pipe, a steam and hot water shared heat tracing pipe and an electric heat tracing belt; the surfaces of the feed preheater, the hydrothermal carbonization reaction kettle, the high-temperature product heat exchanger, the flash tank, the quench tower, the equipment pipelines and the valve group are all provided with the antifreezing liquid heat tracing pipe, the steam and hot water shared heat tracing pipe and the electric heat tracing belt; an antifreezing liquid waste heat antifreezing loop, a hot water circulating heat preservation loop and a steam auxiliary antifreezing loop are formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of intelligent manufacturing technology, specifically relating to an integrated system and method for antifreeze and waste heat recovery of carbonization equipment in high-altitude and cold environments. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technology has seen rapid development in the field of organic waste resource utilization in recent years. This technology uses water as the reaction medium to convert biological organic matter into hydrothermal carbon and liquid fertilizer as a byproduct at 220-280℃ and under autogenous pressure. It has significant advantages such as treating materials with high moisture content without pre-drying, short reaction cycles, and thorough inactivation of pathogens. However, when this technology is applied to high-altitude and cold regions, it faces two core technical bottlenecks: Firstly, there is the risk of freezing at low temperatures. In high-altitude and frigid regions, winter temperatures can reach -40°C or even lower. During shutdowns or intermittent operation of hydrothermal carbonization equipment, residual liquid in pipes, valves, reactors, and heat exchangers is highly susceptible to phase change expansion, leading to serious malfunctions such as pipe rupture, valve damage, and heat exchanger tube bundle bursting. Existing antifreeze technologies mostly employ a single electric heat tracing solution, which is energy-intensive and poses a safety hazard of localized overheating.

[0003] Secondly, there is a prominent contradiction between energy supply and heat management. The supply of conventional energy sources such as electricity is limited in plateau areas, and transportation costs are high. The hydrothermal carbonization process itself is an exothermic reaction (dehydration and decarboxylation process), and the products carry a large amount of sensible heat after the reaction. Although existing hydrothermal carbonization devices are equipped with flash evaporation waste heat recovery systems, the recovered heat energy is mainly used to preheat the feed or dry the products, which creates an energy paradox of "energy consumption for antifreeze and waste heat not being fully utilized". Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated system and method for antifreeze and waste heat recovery of carbonization equipment in high-altitude and cold environments, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: an integrated system for antifreeze and waste heat recovery of carbonization equipment in high-altitude and cold environments, including a feed preheater, a hydrothermal carbonization reactor, a high-temperature product heat exchanger, a flash tank, a quench tower, equipment pipelines connecting the above equipment in sequence, and valve groups installed on the equipment pipelines; characterized in that it also includes an insulated heat storage tank, an antifreeze circulation inlet pipe, an antifreeze circulation return pipe, a hot water circulation inlet pipe, a hot water circulation return pipe, a flash steam reuse pipe, a flash steam branch inlet pipe, a flash steam branch return pipe, an antifreeze heat tracing pipe, a steam and hot water shared heat tracing pipe, and an electric heat tracing tape; the surfaces of the feed preheater, the hydrothermal carbonization reactor, the high-temperature product heat exchanger, the flash tank, the quench tower, as well as the equipment pipelines and valve groups are all covered with the antifreeze heat tracing pipe, the steam and hot water shared heat tracing pipe, and the electric heat tracing tape; The heat storage tank is used to supply antifreeze to the tube side of the high-temperature product heat exchanger. The outlet of the heat storage tank is connected to the inlet of the tube side of the high-temperature product heat exchanger. The outlet of the tube side of the high-temperature product heat exchanger is connected to all the antifreeze heat tracing pipes through the antifreeze circulation inlet pipe, and then connected to the inlet of the heat storage tank through the antifreeze circulation return pipe, forming an antifreeze waste heat antifreeze circuit. A heat storage return pipe is also connected between the outlet of the tube side of the high-temperature product heat exchanger and the inlet of the heat storage tank. The outlet of the quench tower is connected to the common heat tracing pipe for all steam and hot water through the hot water circulation inlet pipe, and then connected to the inlet of the quench tower through the hot water circulation return pipe, forming a hot water circulation insulation loop. The feed preheater is equipped with a preheating pipe. The steam outlet of the flash tank is connected to the inlet of the preheating pipe through the flash steam reuse pipe. The outlet of the preheating pipe is connected to the flash liquid collection tank. The flash steam reuse pipe is connected to the common heat tracing pipe of all steam and hot water through the flash steam branch inlet pipe, and then connected to the flash liquid collection tank through the flash steam branch return pipe, forming a steam-assisted antifreeze circuit.

[0006] As a further optional solution, the surface of the heat storage tank is also covered with the steam-hot water shared heat tracing pipe, which is used to insulate the heat storage tank through the hot water circulation inlet pipe and the steam-hot water shared heat tracing pipe via the outlet of the quench tower.

[0007] As a further optional solution, the heat storage tank is buried underground, and the outer wall of the heat storage tank is provided with a heat insulation layer.

[0008] As a further optional solution, the shared steam and hot water heat tracing pipe and electric heat tracing tape are laid in a spiral winding manner.

[0009] As a further optional solution, the antifreeze heat tracing pipe is laid in a coil.

[0010] As a further optional solution, a steam boiler is also included to provide steam heating for the hydrothermal carbonization reactor. The outlet of the steam boiler is connected to the shell-side inlet of the hydrothermal carbonization reactor, and the inlet of the steam boiler is connected to the shell-side outlet of the hydrothermal carbonization reactor via equipment pipelines. The surface of the equipment pipelines is covered with antifreeze heat tracing pipes, steam-hot water heat tracing pipes, and electric heat tracing tapes.

[0011] As a further optional solution, temperature sensors are also included for detecting the temperature of the feed preheater, hydrothermal carbonization reactor, high-temperature product heat exchanger, flash tank, quench tower, as well as the equipment piping and antifreeze.

[0012] The present invention also provides a method for an integrated system for antifreeze and waste heat recovery of carbonization equipment in high-altitude and cold environments, based on any one of the above-mentioned methods, comprising the following: A. During normal operation of the hydrothermal carbonization reaction, the high-temperature material after the reaction in the hydrothermal carbonization reactor enters the high-temperature product heat exchanger to exchange heat with the antifreeze in the tube side of the high-temperature product heat exchanger. The antifreeze, after absorbing heat, returns to the heat storage tank through the heat storage return pipe to store heat. The high-temperature material after heat exchange enters the flash tank. The material after flashing in the flash tank enters the quench tower to exchange heat with the spray liquid in the quench tower. The hot water after heat exchange is used to insulate and prevent freezing of various equipment, equipment pipelines, and valve groups through the hot water circulation insulation loop. The saturated steam flashed out of the flash tank enters the preheating pipe of the feed preheater through the flash steam reuse pipe for preheating the material, and also provides auxiliary insulation and freezing of various equipment, equipment pipelines, and valve groups through the steam-assisted antifreeze loop. The electric heating tape is closed throughout the process. B. When the hydrothermal carbonization reaction stops, the antifreeze in the heat storage tank will insulate and prevent freezing of all equipment, equipment pipelines and valve groups through the antifreeze waste heat antifreeze circuit, maintaining the temperature of the equipment and equipment pipelines not lower than the safety threshold; when the temperature of any of the equipment and equipment pipelines is lower than the safety threshold, and the temperature of the antifreeze in the heat storage tank is lower than the start-up threshold, the electric heating tape will be turned on to supplement the heat until the above temperatures rise to the safety threshold or above the start-up threshold.

[0013] As a further optional solution, in content A, the saturated steam generated by flash evaporation preferentially enters the preheating pipe of the feed preheater through the flash steam reuse pipeline. When the material temperature in the feed preheater reaches 40°C and the pressure of the flash tank is not lower than 0.5MPa, the saturated steam then provides auxiliary insulation and antifreeze for each piece of equipment, equipment pipelines and valve groups through the steam-assisted antifreeze circuit.

[0014] As a further optional solution, the heat storage tank is equipped with an electric heating system for heating the antifreeze under the conditions described in Content B; the safety threshold is 5°C and the activation threshold is 15°C.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention integrates four functional modules: high-temperature product waste heat exchange and freeze protection, high-altitude low-pressure flash steam cascade reuse, quench tower hot water circulation, and backup electric heat tracing, constructing a multi-heat source coupled closed-loop thermal management system. The system relies on the waste heat of the high-temperature products (above 220-280℃) after the hydrothermal carbonization reaction as the core heat source, combined with high-temperature steam (150-180℃) produced by a low-pressure flash evaporation process adapted to high altitudes, and works in conjunction with the medium-temperature circulating hot water (60-80℃) in the quench tower to achieve comprehensive, seamless heat preservation and freeze protection for the equipment. Backup electric heat tracing is only activated under extreme cold conditions. This invention maximizes the utilization of waste heat resources, significantly reduces freeze protection energy consumption under high-altitude and cold conditions, solves the problems of equipment freeze-thaw cracking and intermittent operation freezing blockage, and is suitable for high-altitude, cold, low-pressure, low-voltage, and harsh climatic conditions. The stability and service life of the equipment are significantly improved, making it suitable for applications in organic matter hydrothermal carbonization treatment projects in high-altitude and cold regions. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated antifreeze and waste heat recovery system for carbonization equipment in high-altitude and cold environments provided in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the equipment piping; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross-section of the equipment piping.

[0017] In the diagram: 1-Feed preheater; 2-Hydrothermal carbonization reactor; 3-High-temperature product heat exchanger; 4-Flash tank; 5-Quick cooler tower; 6-Equipment piping; 7-Insulated heat storage tank; 8-Antifreeze circulation inlet pipe; 9-Antifreeze circulation return pipe; 10-Hot water circulation inlet pipe; 11-Hot water circulation return pipe; 12-Flash steam reuse pipe; 13-Flash steam branch inlet pipe; 14-Flash steam branch return pipe; 15-Antifreeze heat tracing pipe; 16-Combined steam and hot water heat tracing pipe; 17-Electric heat tracing tape; 18-Heat storage return pipe; 19-Preheating pipe; 20-Flash liquid collection tank; 21-Steam boiler; 22-Pipeline external insulation layer. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the present invention will be briefly introduced below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and descriptions of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following description of the structure of the accompanying drawings is only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that the descriptions of these embodiments are for the purpose of helping to understand the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In some examples, because some implementation methods are existing or conventional technologies, they are not described or are not described in detail.

[0020] Furthermore, the technical features described herein, or the steps in all the methods or processes disclosed herein, may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments, except for mutually exclusive features and / or steps. It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the order of steps or operations of the methods relating to the embodiments provided herein may also be altered. Any order in the drawings and embodiments is for illustrative purposes only and does not imply a requirement to follow a particular order unless explicitly stated otherwise.

[0021] The serial numbers assigned to components in this document, such as "first" and "second," are used only to distinguish the described objects and have no sequential or technical meaning. The terms "connection" and "linkage" used in this application, under reasonable circumstances (without self-contradiction), include both direct and indirect connections (linkages).

[0022] Figures 1 to 3 This invention illustrates an integrated antifreeze and waste heat recovery system for carbonization equipment in high-altitude and cold environments, comprising a feed preheater 1, a hydrothermal carbonization reactor 2, a high-temperature product heat exchanger 3, a flash tank 4, a quench tower 5, equipment pipelines 6 connecting the above equipment in sequence, and valve groups located on the equipment pipelines 6. The system is characterized by further including an insulated heat storage tank 7, an antifreeze circulation inlet pipe 8, an antifreeze circulation return pipe 9, a hot water circulation inlet pipe 10, a hot water circulation return pipe 11, a flash steam reuse pipe 12, a flash steam branch inlet pipe 13, a flash steam branch return pipe 14, an antifreeze heat tracing pipe 15, a steam and hot water shared heat tracing pipe 16, and an electric heat tracing tape 17. The surfaces of the feed preheater 1, the hydrothermal carbonization reactor 2, the high-temperature product heat exchanger 3, the flash tank 4, the quench tower 5, the equipment pipelines 6, and the valve groups are all covered with the antifreeze heat tracing pipe 15, the steam and hot water shared heat tracing pipe 16, and the electric heat tracing tape 17. The heat storage tank 7 is used to supply antifreeze to the tube side of the high-temperature product heat exchanger 3. The outlet of the heat storage tank 7 is connected to the inlet of the tube side of the high-temperature product heat exchanger 3. The outlet of the tube side of the high-temperature product heat exchanger 3 is connected to all the antifreeze heat tracing pipes 15 through the antifreeze circulation inlet pipe 8, and then connected to the inlet of the heat storage tank 7 through the antifreeze circulation return pipe 9, forming an antifreeze waste heat antifreeze circuit. A heat storage return pipe 18 is also connected between the outlet of the tube side of the high-temperature product heat exchanger 3 and the inlet of the heat storage tank 7. The outlet of the quench tower 5 is connected to the common heat tracing pipe 16 for all steam and hot water through the hot water circulation inlet pipe 10, and then connected to the inlet of the quench tower 5 through the hot water circulation return pipe 11, forming a hot water circulation insulation loop. The feed preheater 1 is equipped with a preheating pipe 19. The steam outlet of the flash tank 4 is connected to the inlet of the preheating pipe 19 through the flash steam return pipe 12. The outlet of the preheating pipe 19 is connected to the flash liquid collection tank 20. The flash steam return pipe 12 is connected to the common heat tracing pipe 16 for all steam and hot water through the flash steam branch inlet pipe 13, and then connected to the flash liquid collection tank 20 through the flash steam branch return pipe 14, forming a steam-assisted antifreeze circuit.

[0023] The system may also include a steam boiler 21 that provides steam heating for the hydrothermal carbonization reactor 2, used for heating the carbonization reaction. The outlet of the steam boiler 21 is connected to the shell-side inlet of the hydrothermal carbonization reactor 2, and the inlet of the steam boiler 21 is connected to the shell-side outlet of the hydrothermal carbonization reactor 2 via equipment pipes 6. The surface of the equipment pipes 6 is covered with antifreeze heat tracing pipes 15, steam-hot water heat tracing pipes 16, and electric heat tracing tapes 17. The steam boiler 21 can also be used to provide steam to the preheating pipes 19 of the feed preheater 1 for preheating the raw materials, similarly connected to both ends of the preheating pipes 19 via corresponding pipelines. The surface of the heat storage tank 7 is also covered with the aforementioned steam-hot water heat tracing pipes 16, used to insulate the heat storage tank 7 through the hot water circulation inlet pipe 10 and the steam-hot water heat tracing pipes 16 via the outlet of the quench tower 5.

[0024] The material outlet of the feed preheater 1 is connected to the material inlet of the hydrothermal carbonization reactor 2. The material outlet of the hydrothermal carbonization reactor 2 is connected to the shell-side inlet of the high-temperature product heat exchanger 3. The shell-side outlet of the high-temperature product heat exchanger 3 is connected to the feed inlet of the flash tank 4. The liquid phase outlet of the flash tank 4 is connected to the upper feed end of the quench tower 5. The formed hydrothermal carbon is discharged from the outlet of the quench tower 5.

[0025] After the hydrothermal carbonization reactor completes the hydrothermal carbonization reaction of organic matter, it discharges high-temperature and high-pressure products at 200℃-280℃. These high-temperature products first enter the shell side of the high-temperature product heat exchanger 3, where they undergo countercurrent heat exchange with the antifreeze circulating inside the tube side (the antifreeze can be a propylene glycol-water solution mixture). After absorbing heat and heating up, the antifreeze, driven by a circulating pump, can be transported via the antifreeze inlet pipe to the antifreeze heat tracing pipe 15 of various equipment, equipment pipelines 6, and valves. Simultaneously, excess heat can be transferred via the heat storage return pipe 18 to the insulated heat storage tank 7 for heat storage. This utilizes industrial waste heat to achieve active antifreeze protection for core process equipment and pipelines. The cooled products then enter the flash tank 4, where the 2-4 MPa material is instantly reduced to 0.3-0.5 MPa, flashing out saturated steam at 150-180℃. The generated steam can be preferentially used for material preheating, and the remaining heat is used for auxiliary insulation and antifreeze protection of the equipment and equipment pipelines 6. After flash evaporation, the material enters the quench tower 5, where it exchanges heat with the spray liquid. The resulting low-temperature hot water (60-80℃) flows through the hot water circulation inlet pipe 10 into the shared heat tracing pipe 16 for all steam and hot water applications. This heat tracing is used for circulating insulation and freeze protection of various equipment, equipment pipelines 6, and valves, as well as for circulating insulation of the heat storage tank 7, offsetting the freeze-thaw alternating stress caused by the temperature difference of over 25℃ between day and night at high altitudes. When the hydrothermal carbonization reaction stops, the heat storage tank 7 continues to operate using the heat from the antifreeze stored during normal operation, maintaining the temperature inside the equipment and pipelines above the preset safety threshold. When the antifreeze temperature drops below the warning line, the electric heating tape 17 is activated for intermittent supplementary heating of the equipment, equipment pipelines 6, valves, etc., and can be opened intermittently in a localized manner. When the temperature of the heat storage tank 7 further decreases or the ambient temperature drops sharply, the electric heating tape 17 switches to continuous supplementary heating operation, continuously and fully activated. Alternatively, an electric heating system can be installed inside the heat storage tank 7 to start heating and raise the temperature until it returns to a safe range.

[0026] For clarity of the illustration, Figure 1 The antifreeze circulation inlet pipe 8, hot water circulation inlet pipe 10, and flash steam branch inlet pipe 13 are only shown as connecting to equipment pipe 6; the connection to each piece of equipment is similar. The steam and hot water shared heat tracing pipe 16 and electric heat tracing tape 17 are laid in a spiral wound pattern. The antifreeze heat tracing pipe 15 can be laid in a coiled pattern. For example, on equipment such as the feed preheater 1, it is laid on the equipment wall, and after laying, an insulation layer can be wrapped around it on the outermost side; on equipment pipe 6, it is laid on the outer wall of the pipe, and the outermost side is covered with an external pipe insulation layer 22. Taking equipment pipe 6 as an example, see... Figure 2 .

[0027] After passing through the flash tank 4, the product instantly flashes and releases a large amount of high-temperature saturated steam (150-180℃). The steam is transported to the preheating pipe 19 of the feed preheater 1 through the flash steam reuse pipe 12 to preheat the next batch of materials. It can also enter the steam and hot water shared heating pipe 16 of the equipment and equipment pipeline 6 through the flash steam branch inlet pipe 13 to maintain the temperature above 5℃. The steam condensate after flashing is collected in the condensate tank. After water quality testing, it can be reused for material blending to realize the secondary utilization of water resources and heat.

[0028] The high-temperature product heat exchanger 3 adopts a low-temperature corrosion resistant titanium alloy shell and tube structure, with a design pressure rating of 6.0 MPa and a heat exchange area of ​​20 to 50 m². The tube side is filled with -40℃ antifreeze, while the shell side is filled with high-temperature hydrothermal carbonization reaction products at 200℃ to 280℃.

[0029] The insulated heat storage tank 7 can be buried underground, and its outer wall is equipped with an insulation layer. The burial depth is greater than the frost line depth, and proper insulation protection is provided. It serves as a long-term anti-freeze heat source during equipment shutdowns and intermittent low-load conditions. The volume of the insulated heat storage tank 7 can be 5–10 m³, and the insulation layer can be a 200 mm thick rigid polyurethane insulation layer. During normal system operation, the insulated heat storage tank 7 continuously stores heat. When the equipment is intermittently shut down or experiences a short-term stoppage, the auxiliary insulation circulation of the heat storage tank is activated, relying on the stored residual heat to maintain the equipment at a constant temperature (greater than 5°C) and prevent stagnant liquid from freezing.

[0030] The electric heating tape 17 serves as a final layer of protection, normally in a dormant, off state. It only activates when ultra-low ambient temperatures, insufficient heat source temperatures, or multiple antifreeze failures are detected, preventing equipment damage from a single malfunction and providing dual protection. The system may also include temperature sensors for monitoring the temperatures of the feed preheater 1, hydrothermal carbonization reactor 2, high-temperature product heat exchanger 3, flash tank 4, quench tower 5, as well as the equipment piping 6 and antifreeze. These sensors detect changes in the antifreeze heating and insulation circuits. The equipment piping 6 can utilize patch-type Pt100 resistance thermometers arranged axially every 3-5 meters, while thermocouples can be used on the equipment. A temperature control system can also be purchased for automatic control of valve opening and closing in different pipelines for automatic switching.

[0031] This invention also provides a method for an integrated system of antifreeze and waste heat recovery for carbonization equipment in high-altitude and cold environments, comprising the following: A. During normal operation of the hydrothermal carbonization reaction, the high-temperature material after the reaction in the hydrothermal carbonization reactor 2 enters the high-temperature product heat exchanger 3 to exchange heat with the antifreeze in the tube side of the high-temperature product heat exchanger 3. The antifreeze after absorbing heat returns to the heat storage tank 7 through the heat storage return pipe 18 to store heat. The high-temperature material after heat exchange enters the flash tank 4. The material after flashing in the flash tank 4 enters the quench tower 5 to exchange heat with the spray liquid in the quench tower 5. The hot water after heat exchange is used to insulate and prevent freezing of various equipment, equipment pipelines 6 and valve groups through the hot water circulation insulation loop. The saturated steam flashed out of the flash tank 4 enters the preheating pipe 19 of the feed preheater 1 through the flash steam return pipe 12 for preheating the material, and is used to provide auxiliary insulation and freeze protection for various equipment, equipment pipelines 6 and valve groups through the steam auxiliary antifreeze loop. The electric heating tape 17 is closed throughout the process. B. When the hydrothermal carbonization reaction stops, the antifreeze in the heat storage tank 7 insulates and prevents freezing of each piece of equipment, equipment pipeline 6 and valve group through the antifreeze waste heat antifreeze circuit, maintaining the temperature of the equipment and equipment pipeline 6 not lower than the safety threshold; when the temperature of any of the equipment and equipment pipeline 6 is lower than the safety threshold, and the temperature of the antifreeze in the heat storage tank 7 is lower than the start-up threshold, the electric heating tape 17 is turned on to supplement the heat until the above temperature rises to the safety threshold or above the start-up threshold.

[0032] In content A, the saturated steam generated by flash evaporation preferentially enters the preheating pipe 19 of the feed preheater 1 via the flash steam reuse pipe 12. When the material temperature in the feed preheater 1 reaches 40°C and the pressure in the flash tank 4 is not lower than 0.5MPa, the saturated steam then provides auxiliary insulation and antifreeze for each piece of equipment, equipment pipes 6 and valve groups via the steam-assisted antifreeze circuit.

[0033] The heat storage tank 7 is equipped with an electric heating system for heating the antifreeze under the conditions of content B; the safety threshold is 5°C and the activation threshold is 15°C.

[0034] The system and method of integrating antifreeze and waste heat recovery for carbonization equipment in high-altitude and cold environments are adopted. The waste heat recovery and equipment antifreeze are deeply coupled throughout the process, with no additional fossil energy consumption and antifreeze energy consumption reduced by more than 80%.

[0035] This invention is not limited to the above-described optional embodiments. Anyone can derive other various forms of products under the guidance of this invention. However, regardless of any changes made in their shape or structure, any technical solution that falls within the scope of the claims of this invention shall be protected by this invention.

Claims

1. An integrated system for antifreeze and waste heat recovery of carbonization equipment in high-altitude and cold environments, comprising a feed preheater, a hydrothermal carbonization reactor, a high-temperature product heat exchanger, a flash tank, a quench tower, equipment pipelines connecting the above equipment in sequence, and valve assemblies installed in the equipment pipelines; characterized in that, It also includes insulated heat storage tanks, antifreeze circulation inlet pipes, antifreeze circulation return pipes, hot water circulation inlet pipes, hot water circulation return pipes, flash steam reuse pipes, flash steam branch inlet pipes, flash steam branch return pipes, antifreeze heat tracing pipes, steam and hot water shared heat tracing pipes, and electric heat tracing tapes; the surface of the feed preheater, hydrothermal carbonization reactor, high-temperature product heat exchanger, flash tank, quench tower, as well as equipment pipes and valve groups are all covered with the aforementioned antifreeze heat tracing pipes, steam and hot water shared heat tracing pipes, and electric heat tracing tapes; The heat storage tank is used to supply antifreeze to the tube side of the high-temperature product heat exchanger. The outlet of the heat storage tank is connected to the inlet of the tube side of the high-temperature product heat exchanger. The outlet of the tube side of the high-temperature product heat exchanger is connected to all the antifreeze heat tracing pipes through the antifreeze circulation inlet pipe, and then connected to the inlet of the heat storage tank through the antifreeze circulation return pipe, forming an antifreeze waste heat antifreeze circuit. A heat storage return pipe is also connected between the outlet of the tube side of the high-temperature product heat exchanger and the inlet of the heat storage tank. The outlet of the quench tower is connected to the common heat tracing pipe for all steam and hot water through the hot water circulation inlet pipe, and then connected to the inlet of the quench tower through the hot water circulation return pipe, forming a hot water circulation insulation loop. The feed preheater is equipped with a preheating pipe. The steam outlet of the flash tank is connected to the inlet of the preheating pipe through the flash steam reuse pipe. The outlet of the preheating pipe is connected to the flash liquid collection tank. The flash steam reuse pipe is connected to the common heat tracing pipe of all steam and hot water through the flash steam branch inlet pipe, and then connected to the flash liquid collection tank through the flash steam branch return pipe, forming a steam-assisted antifreeze circuit.

2. The integrated system for antifreeze and waste heat recovery of carbonization equipment in high-altitude and cold environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the heat storage tank is also covered with the steam-hot water shared heat tracing pipe, which is used to insulate the heat storage tank through the hot water circulation inlet pipe and the steam-hot water shared heat tracing pipe via the outlet of the quench tower.

3. The integrated antifreeze and waste heat recovery system for carbonization equipment in high-altitude and cold environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat storage tank is buried underground, and the outer wall of the heat storage tank is provided with a heat insulation layer.

4. The integrated antifreeze and waste heat recovery system for carbonization equipment in high-altitude and cold environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shared heat tracing pipes and electric heat tracing tapes for steam and hot water are laid in a spiral winding pattern.

5. The integrated antifreeze and waste heat recovery system for carbonization equipment in high-altitude and cold environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antifreeze heat tracing pipe is laid in a coil.

6. The integrated antifreeze and waste heat recovery system for carbonization equipment in high-altitude and cold environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a steam boiler that provides steam heating for the hydrothermal carbonization reactor. The outlet of the steam boiler is connected to the shell-side inlet of the hydrothermal carbonization reactor, and the inlet of the steam boiler is connected to the shell-side outlet of the hydrothermal carbonization reactor through equipment pipelines. The surface of the equipment pipelines is covered with antifreeze heat tracing pipes, steam-hot water heat tracing pipes, and electric heat tracing tapes.

7. The integrated antifreeze and waste heat recovery system for carbonization equipment in high-altitude and cold environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes temperature sensors for detecting the temperature of various equipment such as feed preheaters, hydrothermal carbonization reactors, high-temperature product heat exchangers, flash tanks, quench towers, as well as equipment pipelines and antifreeze.

8. A method for an integrated system of antifreeze and waste heat recovery for carbonization equipment in high-altitude and cold environments, based on any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following: A. During normal operation of the hydrothermal carbonization reaction in the system, the high-temperature material after the reaction in the hydrothermal carbonization reactor enters the high-temperature product heat exchanger to exchange heat with the antifreeze in the tube side of the high-temperature product heat exchanger. The antifreeze after absorbing heat returns to the heat storage tank through the heat storage return pipe to store heat. The high-temperature material after heat exchange enters the flash tank. The material after flashing in the flash tank enters the quench tower to exchange heat with the spray liquid in the quench tower. The hot water after heat exchange is used to insulate and prevent freezing of various equipment, equipment pipelines and valve groups through the hot water circulation insulation loop. The saturated steam generated by flash evaporation in the flash tank enters the preheating pipe of the feed preheater through the flash steam reuse pipeline for preheating the material, and also provides auxiliary insulation and antifreeze for various equipment, equipment pipelines and valve groups through the steam-assisted antifreeze circuit; the electric heating tape is closed throughout the process. B. When the hydrothermal carbonization reaction stops, the antifreeze in the heat storage tank will insulate and prevent freezing of all equipment, equipment pipelines and valve groups through the antifreeze waste heat antifreeze circuit, maintaining the temperature of the equipment and equipment pipelines not lower than the safety threshold; when the temperature of any of the equipment and equipment pipelines is lower than the safety threshold, and the temperature of the antifreeze in the heat storage tank is lower than the start-up threshold, the electric heating tape will be turned on to supplement the heat until the above temperatures rise to the safety threshold or above the start-up threshold.

9. The integrated method for antifreeze and waste heat recovery of carbonization equipment in high-altitude and cold environments according to claim 8, characterized in that, In content A, the saturated steam generated by flash evaporation preferentially enters the preheating pipe of the feed preheater through the flash steam reuse pipeline. When the material temperature in the feed preheater reaches 40°C and the pressure of the flash tank is not lower than 0.5MPa, the saturated steam then provides auxiliary insulation and antifreeze for each piece of equipment, equipment pipelines and valve groups through the steam-assisted antifreeze circuit.

10. The integrated method for antifreeze and waste heat recovery of carbonization equipment in high-altitude and cold environments according to claim 8, characterized in that, The heat storage tank is equipped with an electric heating system for heating the antifreeze under the conditions described in Content B; the safety threshold is 5°C and the activation threshold is 15°C.

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