A heat treatment apparatus and method for large and medium-sized bearing rings

Abstract

This invention discloses a heat treatment apparatus and method for large and medium-sized bearing rings, relating to the field of bearing ring heat treatment technology. The apparatus includes a support frame and, from top to bottom, a feeding assembly, a heat treatment assembly, and a spray quenching assembly arranged sequentially within the support frame. The feeding assembly includes a feeding bin and lifting mechanisms symmetrically arranged on both sides of the feeding bin and the heat treatment assembly. The bearing rings in the feeding bin are transported to the heat treatment assembly for heat treatment via the lifting mechanisms. This invention uses induction coils in the heat treatment assembly to sequentially perform electromagnetic heating on individual bearing rings, avoiding the problems of long heating times and low efficiency caused by stacked heating. The bearing rings are then transported non-contactly to the induction coils via the electromagnet clamps of the lifting mechanism, achieving heat treatment. This method avoids contact between the bearing rings and the feeding components, ensuring uniform heating and guaranteeing product quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bearing ring heat treatment technology, and in particular to a heat treatment apparatus and method for large and medium-sized bearing rings. Background Technology

[0002] Bearing rings are the core ring components of rolling bearings. The quality of their heat treatment directly determines the bearing's precision, lifespan, and reliability. For medium and large bearing rings, the heat treatment process mainly includes two stages: heating and quenching / cooling. The purpose is to obtain a uniform hardened layer structure and improve the ring's hardness, wear resistance, and fatigue strength.

[0003] In existing technologies, the heat treatment of bearing rings mostly adopts the method of heating in an integral heating furnace. The rings need to be placed on the heating table and pushed into the heating furnace for heating. After being heated to the required temperature, they are taken out for quenching. The heating time is long and the efficiency is low. In addition, the rings are prone to stacking during the transportation process. The stacked rings are heated unevenly inside and outside when transported with the furnace, resulting in significant differences in the performance parameters of the same batch of rings after heat treatment, which cannot guarantee the consistency of product quality.

[0004] When workpieces are spray-quenched, there are dead zones at the bottom, resulting in poor cooling at the bottom and a decrease in the overall quenching effect of the workpiece. Especially for large and medium-sized rings, the cooling rate varies significantly in different parts of the circumference, making it difficult to guarantee the uniformity of hardness.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention proposes a heat treatment device and method for large and medium-sized bearing rings to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a heat treatment apparatus and method for large and medium-sized bearing rings to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a heat treatment device for large and medium-sized bearing rings, comprising a support and a feeding assembly, a heat treatment assembly, and a spray quenching assembly arranged sequentially from top to bottom in the support;

[0008] The feeding assembly includes a feeding bin and lifting mechanisms symmetrically arranged on both sides of the feeding bin and the heat treatment assembly. The bearing rings in the feeding bin are transported to the heat treatment assembly for heat treatment through the lifting mechanisms.

[0009] The spray quenching assembly includes an integrally formed spray chamber and discharge chamber. The spray chamber is used to receive the heat-treated bearing rings and spray them for quenching. The spray chamber is also equipped with a slow-descent mechanism to reduce the falling speed of the bearing rings and extend the spraying time. The discharge chamber is used to discharge and store the bearing rings.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the feeding bin is provided with a discharge port above the heat treatment assembly, and a first pushing mechanism is provided at the end of the feeding bin away from the discharge port for pushing the bearing ring in the feeding bin.

[0011] The first pushing mechanism includes a first multi-section cylinder installed at one end of the feeding bin and a first pushing plate disposed inside the feeding bin. The output shaft of the first multi-section cylinder passes through the feeding bin and is connected to the first pushing plate.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lifting mechanism includes a screw, a guide shaft, a lifting motor, and an electromagnet clamp. The screw is mounted through a bracket, the output shaft of the lifting motor is connected to the screw, the guide shaft is mounted on a bracket located on one side of the screw, and the base of the electromagnet clamp is inserted through the screw and the guide shaft, and the base is threadedly connected to the screw.

[0013] The heat treatment assembly is located between two symmetrically arranged electromagnet clamps, through which the bearing rings are transported into the heat treatment assembly.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat treatment component is an induction coil, and the two ends of the induction coil are fixed to the bracket by support rods.

[0015] The induction coil has a square-shaped spiral structure, and the size of the induction coil frame is larger than the outer diameter and thickness of the bearing ring.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the spray chamber is provided with a right-angle slide, the spray chamber is connected to the discharge chamber through the right-angle slide, and damping telescopic plates are provided on both sides of the top of the spray chamber. The damping telescopic plates are used to slow down the falling speed of the bearing ring when it enters the opening of the spray chamber.

[0017] The spray chamber has two sets of symmetrically arranged slow-descent mechanisms inside, and the spray chamber is located above the slow-descent mechanisms with two limiting shafts and a spray pipe.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spray pipe includes an annular inlet pipe and a plurality of outlet pipes disposed on both sides of the annular inlet pipe, wherein a plurality of nozzles are spaced apart on the inner side of the outlet pipes.

[0019] The two limiting shafts are rotatably arranged on both sides of the spray chamber, and the distance between them matches the outer diameter of the bearing ring. One end of one of the limiting shafts is connected to a drive motor, which is installed outside the spray chamber.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the slow-descent mechanism includes a rotating frame, a roller, and a spring damping rod. One end of the rotating frame is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the spray chamber, and both ends of the roller are rotatably mounted on the other end of the rotating frame. A support shaft is provided in the middle of the rotating frame, and one end of the spring damping rod is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the spray chamber. The other end of the spring damping rod is rotatably connected to the support shaft.

[0021] When the spring damping rod is fully extended, the distance between the two rollers is less than the outer diameter of the bearing ring;

[0022] When the spring damping rod is fully retracted, the distance between the two rollers is greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the bearing ring.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a second pushing mechanism is provided at one end of the discharge bin, a water collection trough is provided at the bottom of the side of the discharge bin away from the second pushing mechanism, a drain outlet is provided on one side of the bottom of the water collection trough, and a plurality of water inlets are provided on the bin body above the water collection trough.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second pushing mechanism includes a second multi-section cylinder installed at one end of the discharge bin and a second pushing plate disposed inside the discharge bin, wherein the output shaft of the second multi-section cylinder passes through the discharge bin and is connected to the second pushing plate.

[0025] A heat treatment method for a heat treatment apparatus for large and medium-sized bearing rings includes the following steps:

[0026] S1. Place the bearing rings to be heat-treated into the loading hopper, then start the lifting motor to drive the screw to rotate, raise the electromagnet clamp to the discharge port of the loading hopper, and energize the electromagnet clamp to generate magnetic force. Then, introduce the quenching liquid into the spray pipe and start the drive motor to drive a limit shaft to rotate.

[0027] S2. The first push plate is moved by the first multi-section cylinder to push a bearing ring to the discharge port and fall between two electromagnet clamps. The bearing ring is held by the magnetic force of the electromagnet clamps.

[0028] S3. Power on the induction coil, start the lifting motor again, and slowly lower the electromagnet clamp to gradually transport the bearing ring into the induction coil. The induction coil heats the bearing ring from bottom to top through electromagnetic induction, thus heat-treating it.

[0029] S4. As the temperature of the bearing ring gradually increases, the magnetism of the bearing ring gradually weakens. During the descent of the bearing ring, the lower half of the bearing ring enters the induction coil first and is heated to the temperature required for heat treatment. The upper half is pulled by the magnetic attraction of the electromagnet clamp and is then gradually sent into the induction coil to heat the upper half. The magnetic attraction of the electromagnet clamp on the bearing ring gradually weakens until the magnetism of the bearing ring is eliminated. The bearing ring falls between the two damping telescopic plates of the spray chamber. Under the action of gravity, the bearing ring squeezes the damping telescopic plates on both sides to shrink and slow down its falling speed. The upper half of the bearing ring is still heated in the induction coil until the temperature required for heat treatment is reached. When the distance between the two damping telescopic plates shrinks to be flush with the outer diameter of the bearing ring, the damping telescopic plates no longer block the bearing ring and allow it to fall into the spray chamber. Then the induction coil is de-energized.

[0030] S5. The bearing ring falls onto the two rollers in the spray chamber and is first buffered by the spring damping rod. The spray pipe sprays quenching liquid onto the bearing ring for quenching treatment. During this process, the bearing ring is affected by gravity and gradually pushes the two rollers and the rotating frame to rotate outward, compressing the spring damping rod, slowing down the descent speed of the bearing ring and extending the spray quenching time. When both sides of the bearing ring contact the limiting shaft, the bearing ring is rotated through a limiting shaft to make it fully contact the quenching liquid and complete the quenching treatment.

[0031] S6. When the distance between the two rollers opening outwards is the same as the outer diameter of the bearing ring, the bearing ring detaches from the rollers and falls into the right-angle slide at the bottom of the spray chamber. The bearing ring slides into the discharge chamber along the right-angle slide. By activating the second multi-section cylinder, it pushes the second pusher plate to move, pushing the bearing ring to one side of the discharge chamber for storage. The quenching liquid in the spray chamber enters the discharge chamber along the right-angle slide, and then enters the water collection tank through the water inlet of the discharge chamber for storage and discharge, completing the entire heat treatment process of the bearing ring.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0033] 1. This invention uses an induction coil to electromagnetically heat a single bearing ring sequentially through a heat treatment component, avoiding the problems of long heating time and low efficiency caused by stacked heating. Then, the bearing ring is conveyed into the induction coil in a contactless manner through the electromagnet clamp of the lifting mechanism to achieve heat treatment. This method avoids contact between the bearing ring and the feeding part, so that the bearing ring can be heated evenly and the product quality is guaranteed.

[0034] 2. During quenching, the bearing ring of the present invention only contacts the bottom of the bearing ring with the roller, and the limiting shafts on both sides of the bearing ring can drive it to rotate, so that the bearing ring can fully contact the quenching liquid, avoiding the problem of spray dead corners at the bottom of the workpiece and poor bottom cooling effect, and ensuring the uniformity of quenching of the bearing ring. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall left-side structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall right-side structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding assembly of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the spray quenching component of the present invention; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 A magnified structural diagram of point A in the middle.

[0036] In the diagram: 1. Support frame; 2. Feeding assembly; 21. Feeding bin; 211. Discharge port; 212. First multi-section cylinder; 213. First push plate; 22. Lifting mechanism; 221. Screw; 222. Guide shaft; 223. Lifting motor; 224. Electromagnetic clamp; 3. Heat treatment assembly; 4. Spray quenching assembly; 41. Spray bin; 411. Right-angle slide; 412. Damping telescopic plate; 42. Discharge bin; 421. Water collection tank; 422. Second multi-section cylinder; 423. Second push plate; 43. Slow descent mechanism; 431. Rotating frame; 432. Roller; 433. Spring damping rod; 434. Support shaft; 44. Limiting shaft; 45. Spray pipe; 46. Drive motor. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Please see Figures 1-6 A heat treatment device for large and medium-sized bearing rings includes a support 1 and a feeding assembly 2, a heat treatment assembly 3, and a spray quenching assembly 4 arranged sequentially from top to bottom in the support 1.

[0039] The feeding assembly 2 includes a feeding bin 21 and lifting mechanisms 22 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the feeding bin 21 and the heat treatment assembly 3.

[0040] In this embodiment, the feeding bin 21 is provided with a discharge port 211 above the heat treatment component 3, and a first pushing mechanism is provided at the end of the feeding bin 21 away from the discharge port 211 for pushing the bearing ring in the feeding bin 21.

[0041] Specifically, the feeding hopper 21 and the support 1 are both made of 304 stainless steel and do not have magnetic properties. Contact switches that control the start and stop of the first multi-section cylinder 212 can be set on both sides of the discharge port 211. The fixed contact is made of stainless steel and the moving contact is made of elastic iron. When the electromagnet clamp 224 rises to the discharge port 211, the electromagnet clamp 224 attracts the moving contact to contact and close the fixed contact, starting the first multi-section cylinder 212 and pushing the bearing ring to the discharge port 211. When the electromagnet clamp 224 descends, the contacts separate and the first multi-section cylinder 212 stops.

[0042] The first pushing mechanism includes a first multi-section cylinder 212 installed at one end of the feeding bin 21 and a first push plate 213 disposed inside the feeding bin 21. The output shaft of the first multi-section cylinder 212 passes through the feeding bin 21 and is connected to the first push plate 213.

[0043] In this embodiment, the lifting mechanism 22 includes a screw 221, a guide shaft 222, a lifting motor 223, and an electromagnet clamp 224. The screw 221 is mounted through the bracket 1. The output shaft of the lifting motor 223 is connected to the screw 221. The guide shaft 222 is mounted on the bracket 1 located on one side of the screw 221. The base of the electromagnet clamp 224 is inserted through the screw 221 and the guide shaft 222, and the base is threadedly connected to the screw 221.

[0044] Specifically, when the lifting motor 223 is started, the screw 221 is rotated by the lifting motor 223, and the base of the electromagnet clamp 224 can move up and down along the screw 221 and the guide shaft 222;

[0045] The heat treatment assembly 3 is located between two symmetrically arranged electromagnet clamps 224, through which the bearing ring is transported to the heat treatment assembly 3.

[0046] The bearing rings in the feeding hopper 21 are transported to the heat treatment assembly 3 by the lifting mechanism 22 for heat treatment.

[0047] In this embodiment, the heat treatment component 3 is an induction coil, and the two ends of the induction coil are fixed to the bracket 1 by support rods;

[0048] The induction coil has a square-shaped spiral structure. The size of the induction coil frame is larger than the outer diameter and thickness of the bearing ring, so that the bearing ring can be suspended inside the induction coil and heat-treated by heating the bearing ring through electromagnetic induction.

[0049] The spray quenching assembly 4 includes an integrally formed spray chamber 41 and discharge chamber 42. The spray chamber 41 is used to receive the heat-treated bearing rings and spray them for quenching. The spray chamber 41 is also equipped with a slow-descent mechanism 43 to reduce the falling speed of the bearing rings and extend the spraying time.

[0050] In this embodiment, a right-angle slide 411 is provided at the bottom of the spray chamber 41, and the spray chamber 41 is connected to the discharge chamber 42 through the right-angle slide 411. Damping telescopic plates 412 are provided on both sides of the top of the spray chamber 41. The damping telescopic plates 412 are used to slow down the falling speed of the bearing ring when it enters the opening of the spray chamber 41. Specifically, the end of the damping telescopic plate 412 near the inner side has a rounded corner structure. When the bearing ring contacts the end of the damping telescopic plate 412 with a rounded corner, the bearing ring slides between the two damping telescopic plates 412.

[0051] The spray chamber 41 has two sets of slow-descent mechanisms 43 arranged symmetrically inside. The spray chamber 41 is located above the slow-descent mechanisms 43 and has two limiting shafts 44 and a spray pipe 45.

[0052] The spray pipe 45 includes an annular inlet pipe and multiple outlet pipes arranged on both sides of the annular inlet pipe. Multiple nozzles are distributed at intervals on the inner side of the outlet pipes. Specifically, the number of outlet pipes arranged on one side of the annular inlet pipe is 4-8, and the number of nozzles on the outlet pipes is 8-20.

[0053] Two limiting shafts 44 are rotatably arranged on both sides of the spray chamber 41, and the distance between them matches the outer diameter of the bearing ring. One end of one limiting shaft 44 is connected to a drive motor 46, which is installed outside the spray chamber 41. Specifically, when the bearing ring contacts the limiting shaft 44, the drive motor 46 drives one limiting shaft 44 to rotate, thereby causing the bearing ring to rotate so that it can fully contact the quenching liquid.

[0054] In this embodiment, the slow-descent mechanism 43 includes a rotating frame 431, a roller 432, and a spring damping rod 433. One end of the rotating frame 431 is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the spray chamber 41, and both ends of the roller 432 are rotatably mounted on the other end of the rotating frame 431. A support shaft 434 is provided in the middle of the rotating frame 431. One end of the spring damping rod 433 is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the spray chamber 41, and the other end of the spring damping rod 433 is rotatably connected to the support shaft 434.

[0055] The rotating frame 431 has a rotating shaft and a support inserted on the rotating shaft at one end away from the drum 432. The rotating frame 431 is installed on the inner wall of the spray chamber 41 through the support. One end of the spring damping rod 433 is provided with a collar. The spring damping rod 433 is sleeved on the support shaft 434 through the collar to make it rotatably connected. The other end of the spring damping rod 433 is rotatably connected to the support. The spring damping rod 433 is installed on the inner wall of the spray chamber 41 through the support.

[0056] When the spring damping rod 433 is fully extended, the distance between the two rollers 432 is less than the outer diameter of the bearing ring;

[0057] When the spring damping rod 433 is fully retracted, the distance between the two rollers 432 is greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the bearing ring;

[0058] Specifically, the bearing ring, under the influence of gravity, gradually pushes the two rollers 432 and the rotating frame 431 to rotate outward, and compresses the spring damping rod 433, slowing down the descent speed of the bearing ring and extending the spray quenching time.

[0059] The discharge bin 42 is used for discharging and storing bearing rings. In this embodiment, a second pushing mechanism is provided at one end of the discharge bin 42, and a water collection trough 421 is provided at the bottom of the side of the discharge bin 42 away from the second pushing mechanism. A drain outlet is provided on one side of the bottom of the water collection trough 421, and multiple water inlets are arranged on the bin body of the discharge bin 42 located above the water collection trough 421.

[0060] The second pushing mechanism includes a second multi-section cylinder 422 installed at one end of the discharge bin 42 and a second pusher plate 423 disposed inside the discharge bin 42. The output shaft of the second multi-section cylinder 422 passes through the discharge bin 42 and is connected to the second pusher plate 423.

[0061] The heat treatment method of the heat treatment device for large and medium-sized bearing rings of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0062] S1. Place the bearing rings to be heat-treated into the loading bin 21, then start the lifting motor 223 to drive the screw 221 to rotate, raise the electromagnet clamp 224 to the discharge port 211 of the loading bin 21, and energize the electromagnet clamp 224 to generate magnetic force, then pass the quenching liquid into the spray pipe 45, and start the drive motor 46 to drive a limit shaft 44 to rotate;

[0063] S2. The first push plate 213 is moved by the first multi-section cylinder 212 to push a bearing ring to the discharge port 211 and fall between the two electromagnet clamps 224. The bearing ring is held by the magnetic force of the electromagnet clamps 224.

[0064] S3. Power on the induction coil and start the lifting motor 223 again. Slowly lower the electromagnet clamp 224 to gradually transport the bearing ring into the induction coil. The induction coil heats the bearing ring from bottom to top through electromagnetic induction to perform heat treatment.

[0065] S4. As the temperature of the bearing ring gradually increases, the magnetism of the bearing ring gradually weakens. During the descent of the bearing ring, the lower half of the bearing ring enters the induction coil first and is heated to the temperature required for heat treatment. The upper half is pulled by the magnetic attraction of the electromagnet clamp 224 and is then gradually sent into the induction coil to heat the upper half. The magnetic attraction of the electromagnet clamp 224 to the bearing ring gradually weakens until the magnetism of the bearing ring is eliminated. The bearing ring falls between the two damping telescopic plates 412 of the spray chamber 41. Under the action of gravity, the bearing ring squeezes the damping telescopic plates 412 on both sides to shrink and slow down its falling speed. The upper half of the bearing ring is still heated in the induction coil until the temperature required for heat treatment is reached. When the distance between the two damping telescopic plates 412 shrinks to be flush with the outer diameter of the bearing ring, the damping telescopic plates 412 no longer block the bearing ring from falling into the spray chamber 41, and then the induction coil is de-energized.

[0066] S5. The bearing ring falls onto the two rollers 432 inside the spray chamber 41. It is first buffered by the spring damping rod 433. The spray pipe 45 sprays quenching liquid onto the bearing ring for quenching treatment. During this process, the bearing ring is affected by gravity and gradually pushes the two rollers 432 and the rotating frame 431 to rotate outward, and compresses the spring damping rod 433 to slow down the descent speed of the bearing ring and prolong the spray quenching time. When the two sides of the bearing ring contact the limiting shaft 44, the bearing ring is driven to rotate through the limiting shaft 44 so that it can fully contact the quenching liquid to complete the quenching treatment.

[0067] S6. When the distance between the two rollers 432 opening outwards is the same as the outer diameter of the bearing ring, the bearing ring detaches from the rollers 432 and falls into the right-angle slide 411 at the bottom of the spray chamber 41. The bearing ring slides into the discharge chamber 42 along the right-angle slide 411. By activating the second multi-section cylinder 422, it pushes the second pusher plate 423 to move, pushing the bearing ring to one side of the discharge chamber 42 for storage. The quenching liquid in the spray chamber 41 enters the discharge chamber 42 along the right-angle slide 411, and then enters the water collection tank 421 through the water inlet hole of the discharge chamber 42 for storage and discharge, completing the entire heat treatment process of the bearing ring.

[0068] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A heat treatment apparatus for large and medium-sized bearing rings, characterized in that: It includes a support (1) and a feeding assembly (2), a heat treatment assembly (3) and a spray quenching assembly (4) arranged from top to bottom in the support (1); The feeding assembly (2) includes a feeding bin (21) and lifting mechanisms (22) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the feeding bin (21) and the heat treatment assembly (3). The bearing ring in the feeding bin (21) is transported to the heat treatment assembly (3) for heat treatment through the lifting mechanism (22). The spray quenching assembly (4) includes an integrally formed spray chamber (41) and discharge chamber (42). The spray chamber (41) is used to receive the heat-treated bearing rings and spray quench them. The spray chamber (41) is also provided with a slow-descent mechanism (43) to slow down the falling speed of the bearing rings and extend the spraying time. The discharge chamber (42) is used to discharge and store the bearing rings.

2. The heat treatment apparatus for large and medium-sized bearing rings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding bin (21) is located above the heat treatment assembly (3) and has a discharge port (211). The feeding bin (21) is located at the end away from the discharge port (211) and has a first pushing mechanism for pushing the bearing ring in the feeding bin (21). The first pushing mechanism includes a first multi-section cylinder (212) installed at one end of the feeding bin (21) and a first push plate (213) disposed inside the feeding bin (21). The output shaft of the first multi-section cylinder (212) passes through the feeding bin (21) and is connected to the first push plate (213).

3. The heat treatment apparatus for large and medium-sized bearing rings according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism (22) includes a screw (221), a guide shaft (222), a lifting motor (223), and an electromagnet clamp (224). The screw (221) is installed through the bracket (1). The output shaft of the lifting motor (223) is connected to the screw (221). The guide shaft (222) is installed on the bracket (1) located on one side of the screw (221). The base of the electromagnet clamp (224) is inserted through the screw (221) and the guide shaft (222), and the base is threadedly connected to the screw (221). The heat treatment assembly (3) is located between two symmetrically arranged electromagnet clamps (224), through which the bearing ring is transported to the heat treatment assembly (3).

4. The heat treatment apparatus for large and medium-sized bearing rings according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heat treatment component (3) is an induction coil, and the two ends of the induction coil are fixed on the bracket (1) by support rods; The induction coil has a square-shaped spiral structure, and the size of the induction coil frame is larger than the outer diameter and thickness of the bearing ring.

5. The heat treatment apparatus for large and medium-sized bearing rings according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom of the spray chamber (41) is provided with a right-angle slide (411), and the spray chamber (41) is connected to the discharge chamber (42) through the right-angle slide (411). Both sides of the top of the spray chamber (41) are provided with damping telescopic plates (412), which are used to slow down the falling speed of the bearing ring when it enters the opening of the spray chamber (41). The spray chamber (41) has two sets of slow-descent mechanisms (43) arranged symmetrically inside. The spray chamber (41) is located above the slow-descent mechanism (43) and has two limiting shafts (44) and a spray pipe (45).

6. The heat treatment apparatus for large and medium-sized bearing rings according to claim 5, characterized in that: The spray pipe (45) includes an annular inlet pipe and multiple outlet pipes arranged on both sides of the annular inlet pipe, with multiple nozzles spaced apart on the inner side of the outlet pipes. Two limiting shafts (44) are rotatably arranged on both sides of the spray chamber (41), and the distance between them matches the outer diameter of the bearing ring. One end of one of the limiting shafts (44) is connected to a drive motor (46), which is installed outside the spray chamber (41).

7. The heat treatment apparatus for large and medium-sized bearing rings according to claim 6, characterized in that: The slow-descent mechanism (43) includes a rotating frame (431), a roller (432), and a spring damping rod (433). One end of the rotating frame (431) is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the spray chamber (41), and both ends of the roller (432) are rotatably mounted on the other end of the rotating frame (431). A support shaft (434) is provided in the middle of the rotating frame (431). One end of the spring damping rod (433) is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the spray chamber (41), and the other end of the spring damping rod (433) is rotatably connected to the support shaft (434). When the spring damping rod (433) is fully extended, the distance between the two rollers (432) is less than the outer diameter of the bearing ring; When the spring damping rod (433) is fully retracted, the distance between the two rollers (432) is greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the bearing ring.

8. The heat treatment apparatus for large and medium-sized bearing rings according to claim 7, characterized in that: A second pushing mechanism is provided at one end of the discharge bin (42). A water collection trough (421) is provided at the bottom of the side of the discharge bin (42) away from the second pushing mechanism. A drain outlet is provided on one side of the bottom of the water collection trough (421). Multiple water inlets are arranged on the bin body above the water collection trough (421) of the discharge bin (42).

9. The heat treatment apparatus for large and medium-sized bearing rings according to claim 8, characterized in that: The second pushing mechanism includes a second multi-section cylinder (422) installed at one end of the discharge bin (42) and a second push plate (423) disposed inside the discharge bin (42). The output shaft of the second multi-section cylinder (422) passes through the discharge bin (42) and is connected to the second push plate (423).

10. A heat treatment method based on the heat treatment apparatus for large and medium-sized bearing rings according to claim 9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Place the bearing rings to be heat-treated into the loading bin (21), then start the lifting motor (223) to drive the screw (221) to rotate, raise the electromagnet clamp (224) to the discharge port (211) of the loading bin (21), and energize the electromagnet clamp (224) to generate magnetic force, then pass the quenching liquid into the spray pipe (45), and start the drive motor (46) to drive a limit shaft (44) to rotate; S2. The first push plate (213) is moved by the first multi-section cylinder (212) to push a bearing ring to the discharge port (211) and fall between the two electromagnet clamps (224). The bearing ring is held by the magnetic force of the electromagnet clamps (224). S3. Power on the induction coil and start the lifting motor (223) again. Slowly lower the electromagnet clamp (224) to gradually transport the bearing ring into the induction coil. The induction coil heats the bearing ring from bottom to top through electromagnetic induction to perform heat treatment. S4. As the temperature of the bearing ring gradually increases, the magnetism of the bearing ring gradually weakens. During the descent of the bearing ring, the lower half of the bearing ring enters the induction coil first and is heated to the temperature required for heat treatment. The upper half is pulled by the magnetic attraction of the electromagnet clamp (224) and is then gradually sent into the induction coil to heat the upper half. The magnetic attraction of the electromagnet clamp (224) on the bearing ring gradually weakens until the magnetism of the bearing ring is eliminated. The bearing ring falls between the two damping telescopic plates (412) of the spray chamber (41). Under the action of gravity, the bearing ring squeezes the damping telescopic plates (412) on both sides to shrink and slow down its own falling speed. The upper half of the bearing ring is still heated in the induction coil until the temperature required for heat treatment is reached. When the distance between the two damping telescopic plates (412) shrinks to be flush with the outer diameter of the bearing ring, the damping telescopic plates (412) no longer block the bearing ring from falling into the spray chamber (41). Then the induction coil is de-energized. S5. The bearing ring falls onto the two rollers (432) inside the spray chamber (41). It is first buffered by the spring damping rod (433). The spray pipe (45) sprays quenching liquid onto the bearing ring for quenching treatment. During this process, the bearing ring is affected by gravity and gradually pushes the two rollers (432) and the rotating frame (431) to rotate outward and compresses the spring damping rod (433) to slow down the descent speed of the bearing ring and prolong the spray quenching time. When the two sides of the bearing ring contact the limiting shaft (44), the bearing ring is driven to rotate through a limiting shaft (44) so ​​that it can fully contact the quenching liquid to complete the quenching treatment. S6. When the distance between the two rollers (432) opening outward is the same as the outer diameter of the bearing ring, the bearing ring detaches from the roller (432) and falls into the right-angle slide (411) at the bottom of the spray chamber (41). The bearing ring slides into the discharge chamber (42) along the right-angle slide (411). By starting the second multi-section cylinder (422), it pushes the second push plate (423) to move, pushing the bearing ring to one side of the discharge chamber (42) for storage. The quenching liquid in the spray chamber (41) enters the discharge chamber (42) along the right-angle slide (411), and then enters the water collection tank (421) through the water inlet of the discharge chamber (42) for storage and discharge, completing the entire heat treatment process of the bearing ring.

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