Elastic fixer and tunnel pre-buried channel construction method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular to an elastic fastener and a method for constructing pre-embedded tunnel channels. The elastic fastener provided by this invention is used for constructing pre-embedded tunnel channels and includes a fixing component and an elastic connecting component. The fixing component is used to fix the pre-embedded channel. One end of the elastic connecting component is connected to the fixing component. The elastic connecting component has a fixing part that can move along a first direction and a second direction. The fixing part is used to connect the tunnel reinforcement mesh so that the tunnel reinforcement mesh pre-positions the pre-embedded channel. The first direction and the second direction intersect. The elastic fastener provided by this invention for constructing pre-embedded tunnel channels can achieve multi-directional precise adjustment of the pre-embedded channel, adapt to the compression deformation of the trolley, and ensure good contact between the channel surface and the trolley surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular to an elastic fastener and a method for constructing tunnel pre-embedded channels. Background Technology

[0002] In tunnel construction, embedded channels are important pre-embedded components used for the installation and fixing of subsequent electromechanical equipment. These channels need to be accurately positioned and reliably fixed during the secondary lining concrete pouring process to ensure positional accuracy and surface quality.

[0003] Currently, the main method for fixing pre-embedded tunnel channels is a rigid connection structure, which involves directly fixing the pre-embedded channels to the tunnel's reinforcing mesh through welding or bolting. This fixing method has the following problems: First, rigid fixing cannot meet the needs of position adjustment during construction. In actual construction, due to factors such as measurement errors, deformation of the reinforcing mesh, and deviations in the positioning of the trolley, the initial installation position of the embedded channel often deviates from the design position. Under the traditional rigid fixing method, once the channel position is determined, it is difficult to adjust, making it difficult to guarantee the accuracy of the embedded position.

[0004] Secondly, it cannot adapt to the compression process during the positioning of the secondary lining trolley. During the pouring of the tunnel secondary lining concrete, the trolley needs to be accurately positioned and in contact with the surface of the pre-embedded channel. Due to factors such as changes in tunnel cross-sectional dimensions and differences in secondary lining thickness, the trolley will experience a certain compression stroke during positioning. The rigidly fixed pre-embedded channel cannot adapt to this dynamic change, easily leading to poor contact between the channel surface and the trolley surface, resulting in defects on the concrete surface.

[0005] Secondly, there is a lack of effective position fine-tuning mechanisms. Even with precise measurements and positioning before construction, positional shifts can still occur during concrete pouring due to factors such as vibration, temperature changes, and load application. Traditional fixing methods cannot provide real-time position compensation, affecting the stability of the pre-embedded quality.

[0006] Furthermore, while some existing adjustment devices can achieve position adjustment, their adjustment direction is singular or the adjustments in each direction are coupled, resulting in complex operation and limited accuracy. For example, some devices can only adjust in one direction, failing to meet the requirements for precise positioning in three-dimensional space; while the adjustment actions of some multi-directional adjustment devices interfere with each other, with adjusting one direction affecting the position in other directions, making the adjustment process cumbersome and difficult to achieve the ideal positioning accuracy.

[0007] The aforementioned technical issues lead to unstable construction quality of the tunnel pre-embedded channels, frequently resulting in quality defects such as channel position deviation, uneven surface, and poor bonding with concrete. These defects not only affect the installation accuracy of subsequent electromechanical equipment but may also impact the overall structural performance and functionality of the tunnel. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention provides an elastic fastener and a method for constructing tunnel pre-embedded channels. The elastic fastener can achieve precise multi-directional adjustment of the pre-embedded channels, adapt to the compression deformation of the trolley, and ensure good adhesion between the channel surface and the trolley surface.

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an elastic fastener for tunnel pre-embedded channel construction, comprising: a fixing component for fixing the pre-embedded channel; and an elastic connecting component, one end of which is connected to the fixing component, the elastic connecting component having a fixing part movable along a first direction and a second direction, the fixing part being used to connect the tunnel steel mesh so that the tunnel steel mesh pre-positions the pre-embedded channel; wherein the first direction and the second direction intersect.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the elastic connection assembly includes: a first guide rod extending along a first direction, one end of which is connected to a fixing assembly; a first sleeve fitted around the outer periphery of the first guide rod and slidable along the first direction; a second sleeve fixedly connected to the first sleeve and extending along a second direction; and a second guide rod passing through the second sleeve and slidable along the second direction, the second guide rod constituting a fixing part for fixed connection with the tunnel steel mesh.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the end of the first guide rod away from the fixing component is provided with a limiting element for limiting the first sleeve.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the elastic connection assembly further includes an elastic element, which is sleeved on the outer periphery of the first guide rod. One end of the elastic element abuts against the fixing component, and the other end of the elastic element abuts against the first sleeve, for elastically supporting the first sleeve so that the surface of the embedded channel and the surface of the secondary lining trolley remain in contact.

[0013] In one possible implementation, there are two sets of second sleeves, which are arranged opposite each other on both sides of the first sleeve. There are two second guide rods, which pass through the two sets of second sleeves respectively.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the two ends of the second guide rod are provided with bent extensions to prevent the ends of the second guide rod from slipping out of the second sleeve.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the adjustment range of the first guide rod along the first direction is 30~250mm, and the adjustment range of the second sleeve along the second guide rod is ±150mm.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the fixing component includes: a fixing plate having a slot for engaging the pre-embedded channel; a connector connected to the fixing plate for connecting the anchor rod of the pre-embedded channel; wherein the connector is provided with a grounding terminal for connecting a grounding wire.

[0017] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for constructing a pre-embedded channel using the above-mentioned elastic fastener, comprising: fixing the fixing part of the elastic fastener to a predetermined position on the tunnel reinforcement mesh; clamping and fixing the pre-embedded channel using the fixing component of the elastic fastener; and adjusting the installation position of the pre-embedded channel using the elastic connecting component of the elastic fastener after the secondary lining trolley is in place, so that the pre-embedded channel fits against the surface of the secondary lining trolley.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the number of elastic fasteners is determined based on the length of the pre-embedded channel. The calculation is based on the principle of setting one elastic fastener for every 0.65m of channel length and rounded up. The distance between two adjacent elastic fasteners is controlled between 600 and 900mm.

[0019] In one possible implementation, when the elastic fastener is equipped with an elastic element, an elastic element with a stiffness of 0.8~3.0kN / m is selected based on the combined mass of the pre-embedded channel and the fixing component, and the adjustment requirements when the secondary lining trolley is positioned, to ensure that elastic adjustment capability is provided during the trolley positioning and position adjustment process.

[0020] In one possible implementation, when adjusting the installation position of the pre-embedded channel through the elastic connection component, the position is adjusted in the first direction and the second direction respectively, and the adjustment accuracy is controlled within ±2mm.

[0021] In one possible implementation, in the plain concrete section, reinforcing bars for fixing the elastic fastener are added between the reinforcing steel frames at the corresponding height of the pre-embedded channel. When the channel is perpendicular to the line direction, 2-4 fixing reinforcing bars are added in the line direction, and when the channel is in the line direction, 2-4 fixing reinforcing bars are added perpendicular to the line direction.

[0022] The elastic fixing device provided by this invention achieves bidirectional adjustment capability of the pre-embedded channel through an elastic connecting component, solving the problems of poor adjustment flexibility and insufficient adaptability of traditional rigid fixing methods. One end of the elastic connecting component connects to the fixing component to establish a channel fixing foundation, while the other end connects to the tunnel reinforcement mesh through a fixing part to form a stable support. Its first and second direction movement functions provide the necessary adjustment freedom for precise channel positioning. The two intersecting adjustment directions constitute a complete adjustment range, which can cope with various position deviations and positioning requirements during construction, overcoming the limitation of the applicable range of unidirectional adjustment devices. During tunnel construction, when it is necessary to adjust the channel position, the elastic connecting component can be used for precise adjustment using its first and second direction movement capabilities. The adjustment processes are independent and do not interfere with each other, avoiding the adjustment difficulties caused by the coupling of various directions in traditional multi-directional adjustment devices. The structural design of the elastic connecting component allows the entire fixing device to adapt to the dynamic changes when the trolley is positioned. Through the relative movement of the internal mechanism, it compensates for dimensional changes and position deviations during construction, ensuring that the pre-embedded channel can be accurately positioned and remain stable. During construction, the basic installation is completed simply by reliably fixing the fixing part to the predetermined position of the steel mesh and connecting the fixing components and the pre-embedded channel. Subsequent fine-tuning of the position is achieved through the bidirectional movement function of the elastic connecting components, making the operation simple, intuitive, and precise. Compared with the traditional rigid fixing method, which requires precise pre-positioning and is difficult to adjust, this solution can achieve multi-directional precise adjustment of the pre-embedded channel, adapt to the compression deformation of the trolley, and ensure good contact between the channel surface and the trolley surface. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an elastic fixator provided by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of an elastic fixator provided by the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an elastic fixator provided by the present invention from another angle.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a tunnel pre-embedded channel construction method provided by the present invention.

[0028] Figure label: X, first direction; Y, second direction; 1. Fixing component; 11. Fixing plate; 111. Slot; 12. Connector; 2. Elastic connecting assembly; 21. First guide rod; 22. First sleeve; 23. Second sleeve; 24. Second guide rod; 241. Bending extension; 25. Limiting element; 26. Elastic element. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0030] The following is combined with Figure 1-3 This invention describes an elastic fastener for tunnel pre-embedded channel construction, comprising a fixing component 1 and an elastic connecting component 2, wherein: Fixing component 1 is used to fix the pre-embedded channel.

[0031] One end of the elastic connecting component 2 is connected to the fixing component 1. The elastic connecting component 2 has a fixing part that can move along the first direction X and the second direction Y. The fixing part is used to connect the tunnel steel mesh so that the tunnel steel mesh can be pre-positioned and embedded in the channel.

[0032] In this case, the first direction X intersects with the second direction Y.

[0033] In this invention, the flexible connecting component 2 enables bidirectional adjustment of the pre-embedded channel, solving the problems of poor adjustment flexibility and insufficient adaptability of traditional rigid fixing methods. One end of the flexible connecting component 2 is connected to the fixing component 1 to establish a channel fixing foundation, while the other end is connected to the tunnel reinforcement mesh through a fixing part to form a stable support. Its first direction X and second direction Y movement functions provide the necessary adjustment freedom for precise channel positioning. The two intersecting adjustment directions constitute a complete adjustment range, which can cope with various position deviations and positioning requirements during construction, overcoming the limitation of the application range of unidirectional adjustment devices. During tunnel construction, when it is necessary to adjust the channel position, the movement capabilities of the flexible connecting component 2 in the first direction X and second direction Y can be used for precise adjustment. The adjustment processes are independent and do not interfere with each other, avoiding the adjustment difficulties caused by the coupling of various directions in traditional multi-directional adjustment devices. The structural design of the flexible connecting component 2 enables the entire fixing device to adapt to the dynamic changes when the trolley is positioned. The relative movement of the internal mechanism compensates for dimensional changes and position deviations during construction, ensuring that the pre-embedded channel can be accurately positioned and remain stable. During construction, the basic installation is completed simply by reliably fixing the fixing part to the predetermined position of the steel mesh and connecting the fixing component 1 and the pre-embedded channel. Subsequent fine-tuning of the position is achieved through the bidirectional movement function of the elastic connecting component 2. The operation is simple, intuitive, and the precision is controllable. Compared with the traditional rigid fixing method, which requires precise pre-positioning and is difficult to adjust, this solution can achieve multi-directional precise adjustment of the pre-embedded channel, adapt to the compression deformation of the trolley, and ensure good contact between the channel surface and the trolley surface.

[0034] Specifically, the first direction X is perpendicular to the second direction Y, where X is vertical and Y is either along or perpendicular to the tunnel's extension direction. The fixing component 1 forms a reliable connection with the pre-embedded channel via a snap-fit ​​or clamping method. The fixing part in the elastic connection component 2 can move along the first direction X and the second direction Y. The intersection of X and Y ensures positional adjustment capability in a two-dimensional plane. After the tunnel reinforcement mesh is installed, the fixing part is fixed to the mesh. The spatial position of the pre-embedded channel can be precisely controlled through the adjustment function of the elastic connection component 2.

[0035] In one specific embodiment, during the construction of the pre-embedded channel for the tunnel contact network, construction workers install elastic fasteners on the waterproof membrane laying trolley. The pre-positioning of the channel is achieved through the connection between the fastener and the tunnel reinforcement mesh. After the secondary lining trolley is in place, the elastic connecting component 2 is used to adjust the surface of the pre-embedded channel in the first direction X and the second direction Y, so that the surface of the pre-embedded channel is precisely fitted with the surface of the trolley. The adjustment accuracy can reach within ±2mm, which is far higher than the positioning accuracy of traditional methods.

[0036] In related technologies, traditional tunnel pre-embedded channel construction often relies on drilling holes in the secondary lining trolley formwork for positioning, and then directly fixing the channels to the trolley formwork using fasteners such as T-bolts. This method suffers from problems such as low construction accuracy, easy channel displacement, numerous concrete surface defects, and a high risk of trolley damage. Furthermore, the channel layout is limited by the length of the trolley formwork, resulting in poor design flexibility. In this embodiment of the invention, however, the channel is pre-positioned on the reinforcing mesh using elastic fasteners, completely eliminating the reliance on the secondary lining trolley formwork. Construction can be completed before the secondary lining trolley enters, without occupying trolley operation time and avoiding the damage risk associated with drilling holes in the trolley. Simultaneously, the contact wire equipment layout is no longer affected by the length of the tunnel secondary lining trolley formwork, greatly improving the flexibility and adaptability of the contact wire layout and solving the construction problem of contact wire spans that are not integer multiples of the secondary lining trolley length.

[0037] In some embodiments, the elastic connection assembly 2 includes: a first guide rod 21 extending along a first direction X, one end of which is connected to the fixing assembly 1; a first sleeve 22 sleeved around the outer periphery of the first guide rod 21 and slidable along the first direction X; a second sleeve 23 fixedly connected to the first sleeve 22 and extending along a second direction Y; and a second guide rod 24 penetrating the second sleeve 23 and slidable along the second direction Y, the second guide rod 24 constituting a fixing part for fixed connection with the tunnel steel mesh.

[0038] In this invention, a bidirectional adjustment mechanism is formed by combining a first guide rod 21, a first sleeve 22, a second sleeve 23, and a second guide rod 24, enabling precise position adjustment of the pre-embedded channel in two intersecting directions. The second guide rod 24 remains fixedly connected to the tunnel reinforcement mesh, while the second sleeve 23 slides along the second guide rod 24 to achieve adjustment in the second direction (Y). The first sleeve 22 is fixedly connected to the second sleeve 23 and moves synchronously, allowing the first guide rod 21 to slide along the first sleeve 22 to achieve adjustment in the first direction (X). This nested sliding structure ensures the independence and accuracy of the adjustment actions in both directions.

[0039] Specifically, the second guide rod 24 serves as a fixed reference, forming a stable support point after being reliably connected to the tunnel reinforcement mesh. The second sleeve 23 is fitted around the outer periphery of the second guide rod 24, allowing for position adjustment in the second direction Y by sliding along the guide rod. The first sleeve 22 is fixedly connected to the second sleeve 23 and moves synchronously with the second sleeve 23 in the second direction Y, while simultaneously providing sliding guidance for the first guide rod 21. The first guide rod 21 is connected to the fixing assembly 1 and can slide within the first sleeve 22, independently achieving adjustment in the first direction X. This structure decouples the two adjustment directions; when adjusting in the second direction Y, the first guide rod 21 moves as a whole with the first sleeve 22; when adjusting in the first direction X, the first guide rod 21 slides relative to the first sleeve 22.

[0040] In one specific embodiment, after the second guide rod 24 is fixed to the reinforcing mesh during tunnel construction, when it is necessary to adjust the position of the channel along the track direction, the operator adjusts the sliding position of the second sleeve 23 on the second guide rod 24. The first sleeve 22 moves accordingly, driving the entire fixing assembly 1 and the pre-embedded channel to move in the second direction Y. When it is necessary to adjust the position of the channel perpendicular to the trolley surface, the first guide rod 21 slides within the first sleeve 22, independently completing the adjustment in the first direction X. The adjustments in the two directions do not interfere with each other, making the operation simple and the positioning accurate.

[0041] In related technologies, traditional channel fixing methods typically employ rigid connections, making channel positioning difficult to adjust once determined, or using a single adjustment mechanism that cannot achieve precise positioning in multiple directions. Some adjustment devices involve inter-directional coupling, where adjusting one direction affects the position in others, leading to complex adjustment processes and difficulty in guaranteeing accuracy. However, in this embodiment of the invention, a bidirectional decoupling adjustment mechanism makes position adjustment more flexible and precise. The sliding of the second sleeve 23 along the second guide rod 24 and the sliding of the first guide rod 21 along the first sleeve 22 are responsible for adjusting different directions, working independently to avoid mutual interference during adjustment. This structural design significantly improves installation efficiency and positioning accuracy, allowing operators to adjust the position in each direction as needed, reducing rework caused by improper positioning.

[0042] In some embodiments, the end of the first guide rod 21 away from the fixing component 1 is provided with a limiting member 25 for limiting the first sleeve 22.

[0043] In this invention, by providing a limiting member 25 at the end of the first guide rod 21 away from the fixing component 1, the excessive downward sliding of the first guide rod 21 and its disengagement from the first sleeve 22 are effectively prevented, ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the adjusting mechanism. The limiting member 25, acting as a mechanical stop, provides a blocking effect when the first guide rod 21 reaches its maximum extended position, preventing structural separation or damage due to excessive sliding.

[0044] Specifically, the limiting component 25 can be in the form of a nut, a retaining ring, or other fasteners, and is installed at the lower end of the first guide rod 21. When the first guide rod 21 slides downward along the first sleeve 22, that is, when the first guide rod 21 moves away from the fixing component 1 relative to the first sleeve 22, the limiting component 25 will contact the lower end face of the first sleeve 22 and stop moving, ensuring that the guide rod always remains within the sleeve. This limiting design is simple and reliable, does not affect normal adjustment operations, and provides necessary safety protection.

[0045] In this embodiment of the invention, the limiting member 25 provides reliable mechanical protection. Even under conditions requiring maximum adjustment, the limiting member 25 ensures that the connection between the first guide rod 21 and the first sleeve 22 will not separate, maintaining the integrity and functionality of the adjustment mechanism. This anti-detachment design improves the safety and reliability of the elastic fastener, avoiding construction interruptions and safety risks caused by structural separation.

[0046] In some embodiments, the elastic connection assembly 2 further includes an elastic element 26, which is sleeved on the outer periphery of the first guide rod 21. One end of the elastic element 26 abuts against the fixing assembly 1, and the other end of the elastic element 26 abuts against the first sleeve 22, for elastically supporting the first sleeve 22 so that the surface of the embedded channel and the surface of the secondary lining trolley remain in contact.

[0047] In this invention, an elastic element 26 is provided on the outer periphery of the first guide rod 21. One end of the elastic element 26 abuts against the fixing component 1, and the other end abuts against the first sleeve 22, forming an elastic support system that ensures a stable contact between the surface of the embedded channel and the surface of the secondary lining trolley. When the first guide rod 21 slides and adjusts within the first sleeve 22, the elastic force provided by the elastic element 26 can compensate for changes in the trolley position and construction errors, ensuring a tight fit between the channel and the trolley surface and preventing displacement and deformation during concrete pouring.

[0048] Specifically, the elastic element 26 is sleeved on the first guide rod 21, located between the fixing assembly 1 and the first sleeve 22. When the trolley is positioned and compresses the entire fixing device, the first guide rod 21 slides downward within the first sleeve 22, compressing the elastic element 26 and generating an outward elastic force. This elastic force is transmitted through the first guide rod 21 to the fixing assembly 1 and the pre-embedded channel, ensuring that their surfaces are in close contact with the trolley template. Simultaneously, the presence of the elastic element 26 provides elastic restoring force to the sliding of the first guide rod 21 within the first sleeve 22, helping to maintain stable contact pressure.

[0049] In one specific embodiment, during the pouring of the tunnel secondary lining concrete, the concrete vibration generates dynamic loads, which may cause slight changes in the position of the first guide rod 21 within the first sleeve 22. The presence of the elastic element 26 can absorb these vibration effects and maintain continuous contact between the channel surface and the trolley surface through elastic deformation. The elasticity of the elastic element 26 also prevents concrete slurry from intruding into the gap between the channel and the trolley, ensuring the quality of the pre-embedded components.

[0050] In this embodiment of the invention, the elastic support system provides dynamic position adjustment capability. The elastic element 26 can automatically adapt to minor changes in the position of the trolley and the sliding adjustment of the first guide rod 21 within the first sleeve 22, always maintaining a good fit between the channel and the trolley surface. This elastic connection method not only improves the quality of pre-embedding but also reduces the occurrence of concrete surface defects, enhancing the demolding effect and overall project quality.

[0051] In some embodiments, two sets of second sleeves 23 are provided, with the two sets of second sleeves 23 arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the first sleeve 22. Two second guide rods 24 are provided, with the two second guide rods 24 passing through the two sets of second sleeves 23 respectively.

[0052] In this invention, by setting two sets of second sleeves 23 opposite to each other on both sides of the first sleeve 22, and with two second guide rods 24 respectively penetrating through the two sets of second sleeves 23, a symmetrical double support system is formed, which significantly improves the stability and load-bearing capacity of the elastic fixator. The symmetrical arrangement of the double sleeves can evenly distribute the load, avoiding the off-center loading and tilting problems that may occur with single-point support.

[0053] Specifically, two sets of second sleeves 23 are located on opposite sides of the first sleeve 22. Each second sleeve 23 extends along the second direction Y, providing guidance and support for the corresponding second guide rod 24. The two second guide rods 24 work independently but share the reaction force from the tunnel reinforcement mesh, forming a stable mechanical equilibrium. This double-support structure exhibits good stability under both vertical and horizontal loads.

[0054] In one specific embodiment, during the construction of pre-embedded tunnel channels, the length of the channels may reach several meters, requiring a single elastic retainer to withstand a considerable load. The configuration of double sleeves and double guide rods allows the load to be transferred to the tunnel reinforcement mesh through two support points, avoiding stress concentration. Especially during concrete vibration, this double-support structure can better resist vibration loads and maintain the stability of the channel position.

[0055] In this embodiment of the invention, the dual-support system provides redundant safety assurance. Even if one support point fails, the other support point can still maintain its basic support function, improving the reliability of the system. At the same time, the symmetrical load distribution also reduces local stress concentration in the steel mesh, protecting the integrity of the tunnel structure.

[0056] In some embodiments, the two ends of the second guide rod 24 are provided with bent extensions 241, which are used to prevent the ends of the second guide rod 24 from sliding out of the second sleeve 23.

[0057] In this invention, by providing bent extensions 241 at both ends of the second guide rod 24, an effective anti-detachment structure is formed, preventing the second guide rod 24 from sliding out of the second sleeve 23, thus ensuring the reliability and safety of the connection. The bent extensions 241, acting as mechanical limiting devices, provide a blocking effect when the second guide rod 24 moves to its extreme position, preventing structural separation due to excessive movement.

[0058] Specifically, the bent extension 241 forms a blocking structure larger than the inner diameter of the second sleeve 23 by bending the end of the second guide rod 24 into an L-shape or other shape. When the second guide rod 24 slides within the second sleeve 23, the bent extension 241 forms a stop at the end of the sleeve, preventing the guide rod from completely exiting the sleeve. This integrated anti-detachment design eliminates the need for additional fasteners, simplifying the structure while improving reliability.

[0059] In one specific embodiment, in the complex environment of tunnel construction, the elastic retainer is subjected to forces in various directions, including lateral pressure during concrete pouring and dynamic loads during vibration. The presence of the bent extension 241 ensures that even under these complex loads, the second guide rod 24 will not detach from the second sleeve 23, maintaining a reliable connection between the elastic retainer and the tunnel reinforcement mesh.

[0060] In this embodiment of the invention, the bent extension 241 provides simple and reliable anti-detachment protection. This integrated design requires no additional tightening operations, is easy to install, and maintains good anti-detachment performance under various working conditions. It is particularly suitable for environments with high vibration, such as tunnel construction, and improves the overall reliability of the elastic fastener.

[0061] In some embodiments, the adjustment range of the first guide rod 21 along the first direction X is 30~250mm, and the adjustment range of the second sleeve 23 along the second guide rod 24 is ±150mm.

[0062] In this invention, by specifying that the sliding adjustment range of the first guide rod 21 along the first sleeve 22 is 30~250mm, and the sliding adjustment range of the second sleeve 23 along the second guide rod 24 is ±150mm, specific technical parameters are provided for the design and application of the elastic fastener, ensuring that the adjustment function can meet the actual engineering requirements. These parameter ranges are determined based on the actual conditions of tunnel engineering, taking into account the balance between adjustment capability and structural strength.

[0063] Specifically, the sliding range of the first guide rod 21, from 30 to 250 mm, corresponds to the variations in secondary lining thickness and the compression stroke of the trolley for different tunnel cross-sections, adapting to the construction needs of tunnels ranging from small to large cross-sections. The vertical sliding of the first guide rod 21 within the first sleeve 22 enables precise vertical adjustment. The ±150 mm sliding range of the second sleeve 23 meets the requirements for fine-tuning the position of the embedded channel along the tunnel route, compensating for measurement errors and installation deviations. These adjustment ranges ensure sufficient adjustment capability while keeping the structural dimensions within a reasonable range.

[0064] In a specific embodiment, in a railway tunnel project, the thickness of the secondary lining of the tunnel cross-section varies between 35cm and 45cm. An elastic fastener with a sliding range of 30~250mm for the first guide rod 21 can completely cover this thickness range while allowing sufficient adjustment margin. Simultaneously, the sliding range of the second sleeve 23 (±150mm) can accommodate positional deviations during tunnel installation, achieving precise positioning through the sliding of the second sleeve 23 along the second guide rod 24.

[0065] In this embodiment of the invention, the clearly defined sliding adjustment range parameters provide clear technical guidance for engineering applications. Designers can select appropriate specifications of elastic fasteners according to specific engineering conditions, and construction personnel can accurately grasp the sliding adjustment capabilities of each component, thereby improving construction efficiency and quality control.

[0066] In some embodiments, the fixing component 1 includes: a fixing plate 11 having a slot 111 for engaging the pre-embedded channel; a connector 12 connected to the fixing plate 11 for connecting the anchor rod of the pre-embedded channel; wherein the connector 12 is provided with a grounding terminal for connecting a grounding wire.

[0067] In this invention, a fixing assembly 1 integrating clamping, connection, and grounding functions is formed by setting a fixing plate 11 with a slot 111 and a connector 12 with a grounding terminal, thus achieving structural simplification and functional integration. The slot 111 of the fixing plate 11 is designed to form a reliable snap-fit ​​connection with the pre-embedded channel, the connector 12 further enhances the fixing strength through its connection with the anchor rod of the pre-embedded channel, and the grounding terminal realizes the electrical connection function.

[0068] Specifically, the slot 111 of the fixing plate 11 is designed according to the cross-sectional shape of the pre-embedded channel, enabling precise geometric matching with the channel and achieving initial fixation through a snap-fit ​​method. The connector 12 is connected to the anchor rod of the pre-embedded channel by welding or binding, providing a more robust mechanical connection. The grounding terminal is set on the connector 12 and connected to the circumferential grounding steel bar in the tunnel through a grounding wire, forming a complete grounding loop.

[0069] In one specific embodiment, during the construction of electrified railway tunnels, the pre-embedded channels not only require precise positioning but also must be reliably grounded to ensure electrical safety. The grounding terminal integrated into the fixing component 1 allows for grounding connection to be completed simultaneously with the installation of the flexible fixing device, simplifying the construction process. The L-shaped grounding terminal design facilitates connection with the grounding wire, ensuring reliable electrical contact.

[0070] In this embodiment of the invention, the integrated design of the fixing component 1 achieves the goal of one-time installation and multiple functions. The cooperative use of the fixing plate 11 and the connector 12 ensures the firm fixation of the pre-embedded channel, while the integration of the grounding terminal simplifies the grounding construction, improves the reliability and consistency of the grounding connection, and reduces construction costs and time.

[0071] like Figure 4 As shown, the present invention provides a method for constructing a pre-embedded channel using the above-mentioned elastic fastener, comprising: S1. Securely connect the fixing part of the elastic fastener to the predetermined position on the tunnel reinforcement mesh; S2. The pre-embedded channel is clamped and fixed by the fixing component 1 of the elastic fastener; S3. After the secondary lining trolley is in place, the installation position of the pre-embedded channel is adjusted by the elastic connection component 2 of the elastic fastener so that the pre-embedded channel fits into the surface of the secondary lining trolley.

[0072] This invention achieves pre-positioning and precise adjustment of the embedded channel by fixing the fixing part of the elastic fastener to the tunnel reinforcement mesh, clamping the pre-embedded channel using the fixing component 1, and adjusting its position after the secondary lining trolley is in place. This solves several technical problems of traditional construction methods. This method breaks through the dependence on the secondary lining trolley and provides a more flexible and precise construction process.

[0073] Specifically, the construction method consists of three main steps: first, the elastic fastener is fixed to the tunnel reinforcement mesh to achieve pre-positioning; then, the pre-embedded channel is clamped by the fixing component 1 to complete temporary fixation; and finally, after the trolley is in place, the elastic connecting component 2 is used for precise adjustment. This step-by-step construction method breaks down the complex installation process into simple operation units, facilitating construction control and quality management.

[0074] In a specific embodiment, in an intercity railway tunnel project, after adopting this construction method, the installation accuracy of the pre-embedded channels reached ±2mm, far exceeding the ±5mm accuracy of the traditional method. Construction time was also significantly reduced, with the installation time for each pre-embedded channel decreasing from 4 hours to 2 hours, improving construction efficiency by 100%. Simultaneously, since no holes need to be drilled on the trolley, damage to the trolley is avoided, extending its service life.

[0075] In this embodiment of the invention, the construction work can be carried out on the waterproof membrane laying trolley, without occupying the secondary lining trolley's operating time, and the construction environment is more spacious and safer. The flexible adjustment function allows for precise positioning even if there are deviations in the initial positioning, which can be achieved through subsequent adjustments, greatly improving the error tolerance and success rate of the construction.

[0076] In some embodiments, the number of elastic fasteners is determined based on the length of the pre-embedded channel. The calculation is based on the principle of setting one elastic fastener for every 0.65m of channel length and rounded up. The distance between two adjacent elastic fasteners is controlled between 600 and 900mm.

[0077] In this invention, by establishing a principle for configuring the number of elastic fasteners based on the length of the pre-embedded channel, one elastic fastener is installed for every 0.65m of channel length, rounded up, with the spacing between adjacent fasteners controlled between 600 and 900mm. This achieves a scientifically reasonable support arrangement, ensuring a balance between the stability and economy of the pre-embedded channel. This configuration principle, based on mechanical analysis and engineering experience, can meet the support requirements of channels of different lengths.

[0078] Specifically, the principle of setting one anchor every 0.65m takes into account the self-weight of the embedded channel, the lateral pressure during concrete pouring, and the dynamic load during vibration, ensuring that the load borne by each anchor is within a safe range. The rounding up calculation method ensures the sufficiency of support points, while the spacing range of 600~900mm controls material costs while ensuring support density.

[0079] In one specific embodiment, for a pre-embedded channel with a length of 2.5m, according to the configuration principle, it is necessary to set up... 2.5 / 0.65 The system uses four flexible fasteners with a spacing of approximately 625mm, which meets the spacing requirement of 600-900mm. This configuration demonstrated good stability during actual construction, with no significant deformation or displacement of the channel during concrete pouring.

[0080] In some embodiments, when the elastic fastener is provided with elastic element 26, the elastic element 26 with a stiffness of 0.8~3.0kN / m is selected according to the combined mass of the pre-embedded channel and the fixing component 1 and the adjustment requirements when the secondary lining trolley is in place, so as to ensure that the elastic adjustment capability is provided during the trolley placement and position adjustment process.

[0081] The pre-embedded channel construction method provided by this invention establishes a precise positioning and stable fixing system for the pre-embedded channels by setting elastic fixers on the tunnel reinforcement mesh, ensuring the accuracy and stability of the channel position during concrete pouring. This method is applicable to the construction of pre-embedded channels of various tunnel cross-sections and different specifications, and has good adaptability and operability.

[0082] Specifically, this construction method, through the reasonable arrangement of elastic fasteners and appropriate spring force, enables the pre-embedded channel to be tightly and closely fitted to the surface of the secondary lining trolley during concrete pouring, achieving precise pre-embedding of the channel without damaging or destroying the structural properties of the tunnel secondary lining, such as steel bars and concrete.

[0083] Its main working principle is as follows: Spring force calculation principle: Based on the tunnel lining thickness, the compressible stroke of the elastic anchor spring is 30~250mm. Combining the spring stiffness of the elastic anchor, the spring force is calculated using Hooke's Law: F = k × l (Formula 1) In the formula: F is the spring force, in N; k is the spring stiffness, in N / mm; l is the compression stroke, in mm.

[0084] Spring parameter selection requirements: Based on site conditions, the specifications of the elastic retainer springs should be selected, and the appropriate spring stiffness should meet three conditions: Firstly, it ensures that after the secondary lining trolley is raised, the spring force of the elastic positioner can guarantee that the surface of the channel and the surface of the secondary lining trolley are in close contact during concrete vibration: Fm×ak×x≥0 (Formula 2) In the formula: F is the spring force, in N; m is the mass of the slot 111 part, in kg; a is the acceleration generated by vibration, in m / s². 2 k is the damping coefficient, in N·s / m; x is the vibration amplitude, in m.

[0085] Secondly, during concrete vibration, the elastic clamps should not resonate with the vibrator to avoid affecting structural safety. ω≠√(K / m)(Formula 3) In the formula: ω is the working frequency of the vibrator, in rad / s; K is the spring stiffness, in N / m; m is the mass of the slot 111 part, in kg.

[0086] Third, the load value of the elastic fastener should not place a large load on the steel reinforcement and concrete structure of the tunnel secondary lining to prevent damage or failure of the secondary lining: σ>F / A (Formula 4) In the formula: σ is the concrete breaking strength, in Pa; F is the spring force, in N; A is the contact area of ​​the elastic fastener, in m². 2 .

[0087] In a specific embodiment, for a tunnel project with a secondary lining thickness of 350mm, an elastic clamp with a compression stroke of 200mm is selected, and the appropriate spring stiffness is calculated and determined according to the above formula. During construction, the elastic force provided by the elastic clamp ensures a tight fit between the channel and the trolley surface without damaging the concrete structure, while also avoiding resonance issues with the vibrating equipment.

[0088] The pre-embedded channels constructed using this method are precisely positioned, have a smooth surface, and are well bonded to the secondary lining concrete of the tunnel. This provides a high-quality pre-embedded foundation for the subsequent installation of electromechanical equipment and meets the stringent quality requirements of high-speed railway tunnel engineering.

[0089] In this embodiment of the invention, a complete spring parameter design system was established through rigorous theoretical calculations and engineering verification, providing a scientific basis for the selection and use of elastic fasteners, and greatly improving the reliability and engineering quality of the pre-embedded channel construction.

[0090] In some embodiments, when adjusting the installation position of the pre-embedded channel through the elastic connection component 2, the position is adjusted in the first direction X and the second direction Y respectively, and the adjustment accuracy is controlled within ±2mm.

[0091] In this invention, high-precision positioning of the pre-embedded channel is achieved by adjusting the position in the first direction X and the second direction Y respectively, and controlling the adjustment accuracy within ±2mm, thus meeting the quality requirements of high-standard engineering construction. The bidirectional independent adjustment method avoids mutual interference during the adjustment process, while the precise adjustment accuracy ensures the quality of the pre-embedded channel.

[0092] Specifically, the adjustment in the first direction (X) mainly addresses changes in tunnel cross-sectional dimensions and deviations in the trolley's position, while the adjustment in the second direction (Y) addresses the offset of the channel along the track. The adjustments in the two directions are relatively independent, allowing operators to make precise adjustments in each direction individually, preventing adjustments in one direction from affecting the positioning accuracy in the other. The ±2mm adjustment accuracy requirement spurred the refinement of measurement technology and the design of the adjustment mechanism.

[0093] In some embodiments, in the plain concrete section, reinforcing bars for fixing the elastic fastener are added between the reinforcing steel frames at the corresponding height of the pre-embedded channel. When the channel is perpendicular to the line direction, 2-4 fixing reinforcing bars in the line direction are added, and when the channel is in the line direction, 2-4 fixing reinforcing bars perpendicular to the line direction are added.

[0094] In this invention, for the special case of plain concrete sections, reinforcing bars are added between the reinforced steel frames at the corresponding height of the pre-embedded channel to fix the elastic fastener, solving the technical problem of lacking a fixing foundation and ensuring that the elastic fastener can be reliably fixed under various engineering conditions. The direction and quantity of the added reinforcing bars are optimized according to the channel direction, improving the fixing effect.

[0095] Specifically, in plain concrete sections, due to the lack of dense reinforcing mesh, it is difficult to find suitable fixing points for the elastic fasteners. By adding 2-4 fixing reinforcing bars, a reliable connection foundation is provided for the elastic fasteners. For channels perpendicular to the track direction, fixing reinforcing bars are added in the direction of the track, and for channels in the direction of the track, fixing reinforcing bars are added perpendicular to the track direction. This orthogonal arrangement ensures the stability of the fasteners.

[0096] In this embodiment of the invention, the addition of fixed reinforcing bars effectively solves the construction difficulties in plain concrete sections. This targeted approach demonstrates the integrity and adaptability of the construction method, ensuring high-quality channel pre-embedding under various tunnel structure conditions, and expanding the application scope and practical value of this technology.

[0097] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0098] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An elastic fastener for use in tunnel pre-embedded channel construction, characterized in that, The elastic retainer includes: Fixing components are used to fix the pre-embedded channels; An elastic connection assembly, one end of which is connected to the fixing assembly, the elastic connection assembly having a fixing part that can move along a first direction and a second direction, the fixing part being used to connect the tunnel steel mesh so that the tunnel steel mesh pre-positions the pre-embedded channel; Wherein, the first direction intersects with the second direction.

2. The elastic fixator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The resilient connection component includes: A first guide rod extends along the first direction, and one end of the first guide rod is connected to the fixing component; The first sleeve is fitted around the outer periphery of the first guide rod and can slide along the first direction; The second sleeve is fixedly connected to the first sleeve, and the second sleeve extends along the second direction; The second guide rod passes through the second sleeve and can slide along the second direction. The second guide rod constitutes the fixing part and is used to fix it to the tunnel steel mesh.

3. The elastic fixator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The end of the first guide rod away from the fixed component is provided with a limiting member for limiting the first sleeve.

4. The elastic fixator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The elastic connection assembly further includes an elastic element, which is sleeved on the outer periphery of the first guide rod. One end of the elastic element abuts against the fixing assembly, and the other end of the elastic element abuts against the first sleeve, for elastically supporting the first sleeve so that the surface of the pre-embedded channel remains in contact with the surface of the secondary lining trolley.

5. The elastic fixator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second sleeve is provided in two sets, and the two sets of the second sleeve are arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the first sleeve. There are two second guide rods, and the two second guide rods pass through the two sets of the second sleeve respectively.

6. The elastic retainer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second guide rod has bent extensions at both ends, which are used to prevent the ends of the second guide rod from slipping out of the second sleeve.

7. The elastic fixator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adjustment range of the first guide rod along the first direction is 30~250mm, and the adjustment range of the second sleeve along the second guide rod is ±150mm.

8. The elastic fixator according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The fixing component includes: A fixing plate having a slot for engaging the pre-embedded channel; A connector, which is connected to the fixing plate, is used to connect the anchor rod of the pre-embedded channel; The connector is provided with a grounding terminal for connecting a grounding wire.

9. A method for constructing an embedded channel using an elastic fastener as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, include: The fixing part of the elastic fastener is fixedly connected to the predetermined position on the tunnel steel mesh; The pre-embedded channel is clamped and fixed by the fixing component of the elastic fastener; After the secondary lining trolley is in place, the installation position of the pre-embedded channel is adjusted by the elastic connection component of the elastic fastener so that the pre-embedded channel fits into the surface of the secondary lining trolley.

10. The method for constructing pre-embedded channels according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the elastic fastener is equipped with an elastic element, the elastic element with a stiffness of 0.8~3.0kN / m should be selected according to the combined mass of the pre-embedded channel and the fixing component and the adjustment requirements when the secondary lining trolley is in place, so as to ensure that the elastic adjustment capability is provided during the trolley placement and position adjustment process.

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