A top direct-drive tidal current power generation system based on adaptive variable-pitch blades

Abstract

This application discloses a top-driven tidal current power generation system based on adaptive variable-angle blades, relating to the field of marine renewable energy power generation technology. It solves the problems of high cost, low efficiency, short lifespan, and difficult maintenance of existing large-scale offshore power generation systems. The method includes a reinforced concrete column fixed to the seabed and vertically upward, a power generation mechanism for converting kinetic energy into electrical energy, a top drive mechanism for providing kinetic energy to the power generation mechanism, and a limiting component for stopping and limiting the blades in the top drive mechanism. One side of the blades is pushed by the tidal current to the limiting component to drive the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder and main shaft to rotate and generate electricity, while the other side of the blades is pushed by the tidal current to a horizontal or near-horizontal state to reduce their resistance to the rotation of the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder. The use of reinforced concrete as the main material reduces manufacturing costs, and the use of a mechanically driven generator can improve power generation efficiency, while also having a long lifespan and low maintenance difficulty.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of marine renewable energy power generation technology, and in particular to a top direct-drive tidal current power generation system based on adaptive variable-angle blades. Background Technology

[0002] Tidal energy is a clean energy source with vast reserves and high predictability. However, existing tidal power generation technologies (such as horizontal-axis turbines and vertical-axis turbines) face four major bottlenecks in their commercialization process:

[0003] 1. High cost: It mainly relies on special marine steel or composite materials, which have high corrosion protection costs and are difficult to scale up (usually a single unit <2MW), resulting in extremely high cost per kilowatt.

[0004] 2. Limited efficiency: Traditional designs only utilize the flow velocity of a single cross section and are sensitive to the flow direction, requiring complex yaw mechanisms; some schemes that attempt to recover excess energy mostly use underwater hydraulic systems, which have low transmission efficiency (<50%) and are prone to leakage.

[0005] 3. Lifespan and reliability: The marine environment is highly corrosive and prone to biological adhesion, and the design life of equipment is usually only 20 years; underwater components have a high failure rate and are difficult to maintain.

[0006] 4. Operational and maintenance disasters: Core components are located underwater, and maintenance requires expensive diving operations or ROVs. It is greatly restricted by sea conditions, and operation and maintenance costs account for 30%-50% of the total life cycle cost. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this application is to overcome the problems of high cost, low efficiency, short life and difficult maintenance of existing large-scale offshore power generation systems, and to provide a top direct drive tidal current power generation system based on adaptive variable angle blades.

[0008] In a first aspect, a top-drive tidal current power generation system based on adaptive variable-angle blades is provided, comprising:

[0009] A reinforced concrete column, wherein a sealed drying cavity is reserved at the upper end of the reinforced concrete column;

[0010] A power generation mechanism, comprising a gearbox, wherein the input shaft of the gearbox is fixedly connected to a main shaft, the upper end of the main shaft extends to the top of the reinforced concrete column, and the output shaft of the gearbox is connected to a first generator;

[0011] A top drive mechanism includes a connecting block, which is fixed to the top of the main shaft. A reinforced concrete rotating cylinder coaxial with the main shaft is fixedly sleeved on the upper end of the connecting block. Multiple self-rotating rotating shafts are evenly installed on the connecting block along the circumferential direction of the main shaft. The rotating shafts extend through the side wall of the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder to the outside of the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder and are fixed with blades by at least one connecting rod.

[0012] The limiting components are the same number as the number of blades. The limiting components are uniformly fixed to the outer wall of the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder along the circumferential direction. The limiting components are used to stop the corresponding blades in the same rotation direction.

[0013] In some possible implementations, the gearbox is a dual-shaft gearbox, wherein the first output shaft of the dual-shaft gearbox is fixedly connected to the input shaft of the first generator, and the second output shaft of the dual-shaft gearbox is fixedly connected to the input shaft of the second generator via a one-way clutch.

[0014] In some possible implementations, a first bearing is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the far end of the flipping shaft, and the outer ring of the first bearing is fixedly connected to the connecting block. The junction of the flipping shaft and the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder is rotatably connected through a second bearing.

[0015] In some possible implementations, at least one third bearing is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the main shaft, wherein the outer ring of the third bearing is fixedly connected to the reinforced concrete column or fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sealed drying chamber through a connecting arm.

[0016] In some possible implementations, the first bearing, the second bearing, and the third bearing are all sealed bearings.

[0017] In some possible implementations, on the upstream side, the limiting member locks the blade in the vertical maximum resistance state to drive the main shaft to rotate; on the downstream side, the blade flips to the horizontal minimum resistance state under the action of hydrodynamics; the connecting block has a cavity reserved inside, and a rotatable main drive ring is installed in the cavity; a third generator is fixed at the upper end of the connecting block, and the input shaft of the third generator is fixedly connected to the main drive ring; all the flipping shafts are connected to the main drive ring through transmission components.

[0018] In some possible implementations, the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder is made of UHPC concrete and a stainless steel steel reinforcement frame.

[0019] In some possible implementations, the portion of the blade that contacts the limiting member is provided with an energy-absorbing sheet.

[0020] In some possible implementations, a controller is configured inside the sealed drying chamber, and a drainage pump is installed at the bottom of the sealed drying chamber. The input end of the drainage pump is connected to the bottom of the sealed drying chamber through a water pipe, and the output end of the drainage pump is connected to the outside of the reinforced concrete column through a water pipe equipped with a one-way valve. A water level sensor is installed at the bottom of the sealed drying chamber, and both the water level sensor and the drainage pump are electrically connected to the controller.

[0021] In some possible implementations, the reinforced concrete column is fitted with a coaxial inner ring, and a gap is reserved between the reinforced concrete column and the inner ring. Multiple inner support columns are fixedly connected between the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder and the inner ring. Multiple inlets are opened at the upper end of the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder. An inspection port is reserved at the upper end of the sealed drying chamber. A sealed drying door is installed at the inspection port. Ladders are installed on both the inner and outer walls of the sealed drying chamber.

[0022] This application has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. Dramatic cost reduction: By using reinforced concrete to construct large-volume reinforced concrete columns and reinforced concrete rotating cylinders, the material cost of reinforced concrete is only 1 / 10 of that of steel, and it supports on-site casting, unlocking single-unit capacity of 50-100MW, significantly reducing LCOE (i.e., levelized cost of electricity, expected to be <$0.07 / kWh). At the same time, the high density of concrete (approximately 2.5t / m³) provides a huge gravity restoring moment, making the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder self-stabilizing like a roly-poly toy under the impact of tidal currents, without the need for a complex ballast system.

[0024] 2. Significantly improved efficiency: The main shaft directly drives the generator through the gearbox, with a mechanical direct drive efficiency of >92%. In addition, the recovery of flow shear energy and tumbling energy increases the total power generation by 35%-40% compared to the traditional solution.

[0025] 3. Simplified Operation and Maintenance: By setting up a sealed drying chamber and placing the inspection port above the water surface, underwater operations are completely eliminated. Ordinary engineers can complete all maintenance in the sealed drying chamber, effectively reducing the difficulty of operation and maintenance. At the same time, operation and maintenance costs are reduced by about 70%.

[0026] 4. Environmentally friendly: It does not use any hydraulic equipment. The main material in contact with seawater is reinforced concrete. There is no risk of hydraulic oil leakage, no toxic anti-corrosion coating, and minimal impact on marine ecology. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application.

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the top direct-drive tidal power generation system based on adaptive variable-angle blades according to Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a top view of the top-drive tidal power generation system based on adaptive variable-angle blades according to Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the top direct-drive tidal current power generation system based on adaptive variable-angle blades according to Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the blades and the main shaft in the top direct drive tidal power generation system based on adaptive variable angle blades according to Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection of the gearbox, the first generator, and the second generator in the top direct drive tidal power generation system based on adaptive variable angle blades according to Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0034] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the working state of the top direct-drive tidal current power generation system based on adaptive variable-angle blades in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting block and the third generator in the top direct drive tidal power generation system based on adaptive variable angle blades according to Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the connecting block in the top direct-drive tidal current power generation system based on adaptive variable-angle blades according to Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0037] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the top direct-drive tidal current power generation system based on adaptive variable-angle blades with a base, according to Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0038] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection of the speed sensor, controller, and electronically controlled clutch in the top direct-drive tidal power generation system based on adaptive variable-angle blades according to Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0039] Figure 11This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drainage pump in the top direct-drive tidal current power generation system based on adaptive variable angle blades according to Embodiment 2 of this application;

[0040] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the controller connection in the top direct drive tidal current power generation system based on adaptive variable angle blades according to Embodiment 2 of this application;

[0041] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder with an inlet in the top direct drive tidal current power generation system based on adaptive variable angle blades according to Embodiment 3 of this application;

[0042] Figure 14 This is a partial schematic diagram of the top direct-drive tidal power generation system based on adaptive variable-angle blades according to Embodiment 3 of this application;

[0043] Figure 15 yes Figure 14 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0044] Figure 16 This is a cross-sectional view of the reinforced concrete column, inner support column, inner ring, and reinforced concrete rotating cylinder in the top direct drive tidal power generation system based on adaptive variable angle blades according to Embodiment 3 of this application.

[0045] Figure label:

[0046] 100. Reinforced concrete column; 101. Sealed drying chamber; 102. Controller; 103. Drain pump; 104. One-way valve; 105. Water level sensor; 106. Inspection port; 107. Sealed drying door; 108. Ladder; 109. Speed ​​sensor; 110. Electronic clutch; 111. Base; 200. Generator mechanism; 201. Gearbox; 202. Main shaft; 203. First generator; 204. One-way clutch; 205. Second generator; 206. Third bearing ; 207. Main drive ring; 208. Third generator; 209. Transmission component; 2091. One-way transmission bearing; 2092. Bevel gear; 300. Top drive mechanism; 301. Connecting block; 3011. Cavity; 302. Reinforced concrete rotating cylinder; 3021. Inlet; 303. Tilting shaft; 304. Connecting rod; 305. Blade; 306. First bearing; 307. Second bearing; 308. Energy-absorbing plate; 309. Inner support column; 310. Inner ring; 400. Limiting component. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] like Figures 1-3 As shown, Embodiment 1 of this application relates to a top-driven tidal current power generation system based on adaptive variable-angle blades, comprising a reinforced concrete column 100 fixed to the seabed and vertically upward for support, a power generation mechanism 200 for converting kinetic energy into electrical energy, a top drive mechanism 300 for providing kinetic energy to the power generation mechanism 200, and a limiting member 400 for stopping and limiting the blades 305 in the top drive mechanism 300, wherein, as Figure 9 As shown, in order to increase the stability of the reinforced concrete column 100, a base 111 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the reinforced concrete column 100. The base 111 can be cast integrally with the reinforced concrete or it can be a separately cast reinforced concrete base 111.

[0050] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the power generation mechanism 200 includes a gearbox 201, the input shaft of which is fixedly connected to a main shaft 202. The gearbox 201 converts the low speed of the input shaft into the high speed of the output shaft. The upper end of the main shaft 202 extends above the reinforced concrete column 100. The output shaft of the gearbox 201 is connected to a first generator 203. The first generator 203 can convert the high-speed kinetic energy of the output shaft of the gearbox 201 into electrical energy and transmit it through a submarine cable or convert it into direct current through components such as a voltage regulator and transformer to power the electrical equipment, energy storage batteries and other equipment in this system.

[0051] like Figure 4As shown, the top drive mechanism 300 includes a connecting block 301, which is fixed to the top of the main shaft 202. A reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302 coaxial with the main shaft 202 is fixedly sleeved on the upper end of the connecting block 301. Multiple self-rotating rotating shafts 303 are evenly installed on the connecting block 301 along the circumferential direction of the main shaft 202. The rotating shafts 303 extend through the side wall of the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302 to the outside of the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302 and are fixed with blades 305 by at least one connecting rod 304. It should be noted that the number of rotating shafts 303 and blades 305 can be set according to requirements. Their preferred numbers are 4, 8, 12, etc. The reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302 is made of UHPC concrete and stainless steel steel reinforcement. Its structural density is configured so that the overturning moment generated by the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302 under the impact of tidal current is less than the gravity recovery moment generated by the resultant force of its own weight and buoyancy, thereby achieving self-stabilizing rotation without additional ballast blocks.

[0052] The number of limiting members 400 is the same as the number of blades 305. For example, if there are 4 blades 305, there are also 4 limiting members 400. If there are 8 blades 305, there are also 8 limiting members 400. The limiting members 400 are uniformly fixed to the outer wall of the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302 along the circumference of the cylinder. The limiting members 400 are used to stop the corresponding blades 305 in the same rotation direction.

[0053] like Figure 9 As shown, in order to reduce the impact force of the blade 305 on the limiting member 400, an energy-absorbing plate 308 is provided on the part of the blade 305 that contacts the limiting member 400. The energy-absorbing plate 308 can be provided on the blade 305, on the limiting member 400, or on both the blade 305 and the limiting member 400. It should be noted that the function of the energy-absorbing plate 308 is to absorb the impact force of the blade 305 on the limiting member 400, thereby reducing the damage to the limiting member 400 caused by the impact force.

[0054] like Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6The straight arrow indicates the direction of the current flow, and the curved arrow indicates the direction of rotation of the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302. On the upstream side, the limiting member 400 locks the blade 305 in the vertical maximum resistance state (i.e., the blade 305 is in contact with the limiting member 400 and is in a state that is vertical or nearly vertical), so as to drive the main shaft 202 to rotate. On the downstream side, the blade 305 flips to the horizontal minimum resistance state under the action of hydrodynamics (i.e., the blade 305 is in a horizontal or nearly horizontal state). The connecting block 301 has a cavity 3011 reserved inside, and a rotatable main drive ring 207 is installed in the cavity 3011. A third generator 208 is fixed at the upper end of the connecting block 301. The input of the third generator 208 is... The shaft is fixedly connected to the main drive ring 207, and the flipping shaft 303 is connected to the main drive ring 207 through the transmission component 209. The third generator 208 is fixed to the upper end of the connecting block 301 (the third generator 208 can penetrate the top of the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302 and be exposed to the air. In order to avoid seawater and water vapor from corroding or damaging the third generator 208, a sealed protective shell can be installed on the outside of the third generator 208), or the third generator 208 is embedded in the upper half of the connecting block 301. A maintenance entrance 3021 needs to be reserved above the third generator 208 and an openable sealing plate needs to be installed at the maintenance entrance 3021 to facilitate maintenance of the third generator 208.

[0055] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, specifically, the transmission component 209 includes a one-way transmission bearing 2091 and a bevel gear 2092. One end of the tilting shaft 303 extends into the cavity 3011 and is fixedly fitted with the one-way transmission bearing 2091. The tilting shaft 303 is fixedly connected to the outer ring of the one-way transmission bearing 2091, and the inner ring of the one-way transmission bearing 2091 is fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft of the bevel gear 2092. The bevel gear 2092 meshes with the main transmission ring 207 (which is also a bevel gear structure). When the blade 305 is reset from the back flow side to the front flow side, it can drive the bevel gear 2092 to rotate through the tilting shaft 303 and the one-way transmission bearing 2091, thereby driving the main transmission ring 207 to rotate, so as to drive the input shaft of the third generator 208 connected to it to rotate and generate electricity. However, when the blade 305 is reset from the front flow side to the back flow side, it cannot drive the bevel gear 2092 to rotate through the one-way transmission bearing 2091.

[0056] To further improve power generation efficiency, the gearbox 201 adopts a dual-shaft gearbox 201, which has one input shaft and two output shafts. The dual-shaft gearbox 201 can accelerate the speed of the input shaft through gears and other components and then transmit it to the two output shafts. The first output shaft of the dual-shaft gearbox 201 is fixedly connected to the input shaft of the first generator 203 through a coupling, and the second output shaft of the dual-shaft gearbox 201 is fixedly connected to the input shaft of the second generator 205 through a one-way clutch 204. When the speed of the main shaft 202 exceeds the set threshold of the first transmission path (i.e., the transmission path from the dual-shaft gearbox 201 to the first generator 203 through the first output shaft) due to the shearing effect of the vertical flow velocity or the reset action, the one-way clutch 204 engages to connect the second transmission path (i.e., the transmission path from the dual-shaft gearbox 201 to the second generator 205 through the second output shaft), driving the second generator 205 to assist in power generation and improve power generation efficiency.

[0057] like Figure 10 As shown, in another implementation of this embodiment, the gearbox 201 is a dual-shaft gearbox 201, which has one input shaft and two output shafts. The dual-shaft gearbox 201 can accelerate the rotational speed of the input shaft through gears and other components and then transmit it to the two output shafts. The first output shaft of the dual-shaft gearbox 201 is fixedly connected to the input shaft of the first generator 203, and the second output shaft of the dual-shaft gearbox 201 is fixedly connected to the input shaft of the second generator 205 through an electronically controlled clutch 110. The aforementioned one-way clutch 204 is replaced by an electronically controlled clutch 110. A speed sensor 109 is installed on the main shaft 202 to detect the real-time rotational speed of the main shaft 202. Both the speed sensor 109 and the electronically controlled clutch 110 are electrically connected to the controller 102. 02 is configured to: receive real-time speed data detected by speed sensor 109; if the speed detected by speed sensor 109 is higher than a preset speed threshold, control the electronically controlled clutch 110 to engage, so that the rotation of the main shaft 202 is accelerated by the dual-shaft gearbox 201 and then transmitted to the first generator 203 and the second generator 205 for power generation through the first output shaft and the second output shaft respectively. Thus, when the speed is low, the rated power generation of the first generator 203 is not reached, and only the first generator 203 is used for power generation. When the speed reaches the preset speed threshold and the power generation exceeds the rated power generation of the first generator 203, the second generator 205 is connected to transfer the excess kinetic energy to the second generator 205 for power generation, thereby making full use of the captured kinetic energy to improve the power generation efficiency under high flow rate conditions.

[0058] To enable the rotating shaft 303 to rotate freely, a first bearing 306 is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the far end of the rotating shaft 303. The outer ring of the first bearing 306 is fixedly connected to the connecting block 301. The junction of the rotating shaft 303 and the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302 is rotatably connected through a second bearing 307. The inner ring of the second bearing 307 is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 303, while the outer ring of the second bearing 307 is fixedly connected to the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302. The first bearing 306 and the second bearing 307 support the rotating shaft 303, allowing the rotating shaft 303 to rotate under the drive of the blade 305.

[0059] To support the main shaft 202, at least one third bearing 206 is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the main shaft 202. The outer ring of the third bearing 206 is fixedly connected to the reinforced concrete column 100 or fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sealed drying chamber 101 through a connecting arm. The third bearing 206 can bear the weight of the main shaft 202, and at the same time, the main shaft 202 can rotate under the driving action of the blade 305 and the tilting shaft 303. Then, after being accelerated by the gearbox 201, the rotation is transmitted to the first generator 203 and / or the second generator 205 to generate electricity.

[0060] Since seawater or water vapor from the sea can damage the inside of the bearing, the first bearing 306, the second bearing 307 and the third bearing 206 are all sealed bearings. The sealing components of the sealed bearings isolate the seawater and water vapor, thereby preventing the seawater or water vapor from entering the bearing and causing damage, and thus extending the service life of the bearings.

[0061] Below is an example of a top-drive tidal power generation system with a rated power of 20MW, based on an adaptive variable-angle blade 305 concrete self-stabilizing structure:

[0062] Structure: A reinforced concrete column 100 is 30 meters high; a reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302 is 25 meters in diameter and 20 meters high; it is integrally slip-cast using C120 ultra-high performance concrete with a wall thickness of 1.2 meters. The reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302 has 24 sets of adaptive variable-angle blades 305 evenly distributed circumferentially. The rotating shaft 303 of the blades 305 transmits power to the first generator 203 and the second generator 205 via the main shaft 202 and gearbox 201, and to the third generator 208 via a transmission component 209. A cylindrical, steel-made, sealed drying chamber 101 with a diameter of 8 meters houses a 15MW permanent magnet synchronous main generator (i.e., the first generator 203) and a 5MW auxiliary generator (i.e., the second generator 205).

[0063] Transmission: The main drive ring 207 directly drives the main generator; the input end of the auxiliary generator is connected in series with a one-way clutch 204, and the engagement speed is set to 1.2 times the main speed. When the surface flow velocity increases or the blade 305 resets, the auxiliary generator starts generating electricity. When the blade 305 resets from the back flow side to the front flow side, it can drive the third generator 208 connected to it to start generating electricity through the flip shaft 303 and the transmission component 209.

[0064] Operation: The reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302 rotates stably in a tidal current of 2 m / s without yaw. It is deployed in a strong tidal strait and connected to the power grid as a base load power source with a design life of 100 years.

[0065] In this embodiment, a three-in-one architecture of "concrete mega-massification + top mechanical direct drive + fully enclosed drying chamber" is adopted, with the rotating cylinder made of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). The high density of concrete (approximately 2.5 t / m³) provides a huge gravitational restoring torque, enabling the cylinder to self-stabilize like a roly-poly toy under tidal current impacts, eliminating the need for a complex ballast system; the natural corrosion resistance of concrete achieves an ultra-long service life of 50-100 years. Secondly, all underwater hydraulic components are eliminated. A dual-generator system is installed in the top drying chamber. The first generator 203 captures the rotational kinetic energy of the foundation through the main drive chain; the second generator 205 is connected through a one-way clutch 204, specifically capturing two additional types of energy: (a) the kinetic energy of the blades 305 as they return from the backflow side to the frontflow side; (b) utilizing the vertical flow velocity shear effect of the tidal current (faster at the surface, slower at the bottom), the second generator 205 is driven to generate electricity when the top blades 305 exceed their speed. By constructing a fully enclosed dry chamber, all precision electromechanical components (generator, gearbox, controller 102) are placed in a dry environment above the water surface or above the splash zone, achieving a "land-level" operating environment and routine operation and maintenance.

[0066] In this embodiment, reinforced concrete is used to construct the large-volume reinforced concrete column 100 and reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302. The material cost of reinforced concrete is only 1 / 10 of that of steel, and it supports on-site casting, unlocking a single unit capacity of 50-100MW and significantly reducing LCOE (Levelized Cost of Electricity, expected to be <$0.07 / kWh). At the same time, the high density of concrete (approximately 2.5t / m³) provides a huge gravity restoring torque, making the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302 self-stabilizing like a roly-poly toy under tidal current impacts, eliminating the need for a complex ballast system. The main shaft 202 directly drives the generator through the gearbox 201, with a mechanical direct drive efficiency >92%. With the recovery of flow velocity shear energy and tumbling energy, the total power generation is increased by 35%-40% compared to traditional solutions.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] Based on Example 1, this example further provides a top direct-drive tidal power generation system based on adaptive variable angle blades 305 for the purpose of keeping the sealed drying chamber dry. The system uses water level detection and drainage pump 103 to drain any water that may accumulate in the sealed drying chamber.

[0069] like Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, specifically, a controller 102 is installed inside the sealed drying chamber 101, and a drain pump 103 is installed at the bottom of the sealed drying chamber 101. The input end of the drain pump 103 is connected to the bottom of the sealed drying chamber 101 via a water pipe, and the output end of the drain pump 103 is connected to the outside of the reinforced concrete column 100 via a water pipe equipped with a one-way valve 104. The function of the one-way valve 104 is to allow water inside the sealed drying chamber to drain to the outside of the sealed drying chamber 101, while seawater outside the sealed drying chamber 101 cannot pass through the one-way valve 104. 4. The water enters the sealed drying chamber 101 and achieves unidirectional water flow. A water level sensor 105 is installed at the bottom of the sealed drying chamber 101. The water level sensor 105 and the drain pump 103 are both electrically connected to the controller 102. The controller 102 is configured to receive the water level data in the sealed drying chamber 101 detected by the water level sensor 105. If the water level in the sealed drying chamber 101 is higher than the preset water level threshold, the controller will control the drain pump 103 to work and discharge the water at the bottom of the sealed drying chamber 101 to the outside of the sealed drying chamber 101.

[0070] In addition, to further improve the dryness of the sealed drying chamber 101, an air drying system or moisture-proof materials, such as silica gel desiccant, mineral desiccant, activated alumina, etc., can be installed inside the sealed drying chamber 101.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] Based on Embodiment 2, this embodiment further provides a top direct-drive tidal power generation system based on adaptive variable angle blades 305 for the purpose of facilitating the maintenance of equipment inside the sealed drying chamber. By reserving a maintenance port 106 and setting the maintenance port 106 above the water surface, maintenance personnel can enter the sealed drying chamber to carry out maintenance work without going into the water.

[0073] like Figures 13-15As shown, specifically, the upper end of the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302 has multiple inlets 3021. To prevent collisions between vessels and blades 305 during passage through the inlets 3021, the inlets 3021 are preferably located above the limiting member 400 and away from the blades 305. That is, the inlets 3021 and blades 305 are located on opposite sides of the limiting member 400. The blades 305, under the limiting and stopping action of the limiting member 400, will not touch vessels entering the inlets 3021. Half of the inlet 3021 is below the water surface, and the upper half is above the water surface. The blades 305 are as completely submerged as possible. An inspection port 106 is provided at the upper end of the sealed drying chamber, and a sealed drying door 107 is installed in the inspection port 106. The sealed drying door 107... 7. The system maintains the airtightness of the inspection port 106, preventing seawater or water vapor from entering the sealed drying chamber through the inspection port 106. Ladders 108 are installed on both the inner and outer walls of the sealed drying chamber. The inspection port 106 is located above the water surface, allowing maintenance personnel to pass through the entrance 3021 of the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302 to reach the reinforced concrete column 100 via a boat (it should be noted that if the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302 is rotating, the boat needs to rotate synchronously with the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302 while moving into the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302). After reaching the reinforced concrete column 100, maintenance personnel can climb to the inspection port 106 via the ladder 108, open the sealed drying door 107, and directly enter the fully enclosed drying chamber to perform equipment inspection, replacement, or maintenance without the need for diving operations or the intervention of an underwater robot (ROV). By placing the inspection port 106 above the water surface, underwater operations are completely eliminated. Ordinary engineers can complete all maintenance within the sealed drying chamber 101, effectively reducing the difficulty of operation and maintenance, and reducing operation and maintenance costs by approximately 70%.

[0074] like Figure 16As shown, to increase the mechanical strength of the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302, a coaxial inner ring 310 is fitted around the outside of the reinforced concrete column 100. The reinforced concrete column 100, inner ring 310, and reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302 are all coaxially arranged. A gap is reserved between the reinforced concrete column 100 and the inner ring 310 to prevent contact between them and allow the inner ring 310 to rotate freely. Multiple inner support columns 309 are fixedly connected between the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302 and the inner ring 310. The inner ring 310 and the inner support columns 309 can also be made of reinforced concrete. It can be made of soil or stainless steel or other steel structures. The inner support column 309 supports and strengthens the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302 from the inside. Its function is to increase the mechanical strength of the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302 in unstable currents, so as to avoid damage to the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302 under the impact of the current. The number of inner support columns 309 can be increased or decreased according to actual needs. In addition, the cross section of the inner support column 309 should be made as thin as possible and chamfers should be set on both sides of the inner support column 309 to reduce the resistance generated by the seawater when the inner support column 309 rotates with the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder 302.

[0075] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application; however, the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application, based on the technical solution and its improved concept, should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A top-drive tidal current power generation system based on adaptive variable-angle blades, characterized in that, include: A reinforced concrete column, wherein a sealed drying cavity is reserved at the upper end of the reinforced concrete column; A power generation mechanism, comprising a gearbox, wherein the input shaft of the gearbox is fixedly connected to a main shaft, the upper end of the main shaft extends to the top of the reinforced concrete column, and the output shaft of the gearbox is connected to a first generator; A top drive mechanism includes a connecting block, which is fixed to the top of the main shaft. A reinforced concrete rotating cylinder coaxial with the main shaft is fixedly sleeved on the upper end of the connecting block. Multiple self-rotating rotating shafts are evenly installed on the connecting block along the circumferential direction of the main shaft. The rotating shafts extend through the side wall of the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder to the outside of the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder and are fixed with blades by at least one connecting rod. The limiting components are the same number as the number of blades. The limiting components are uniformly fixed to the outer wall of the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder along the circumferential direction. The limiting components are used to stop the corresponding blades in the same rotation direction.

2. The top-drive tidal current power generation system based on adaptive variable-angle blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gearbox is a dual-shaft gearbox, wherein the first output shaft of the dual-shaft gearbox is fixedly connected to the input shaft of the first generator, and the second output shaft of the dual-shaft gearbox is fixedly connected to the input shaft of the second generator through a one-way clutch.

3. The top-drive tidal current power generation system based on adaptive variable-angle blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the far end of the flipping shaft is fixedly fitted with a first bearing, and the outer ring of the first bearing is fixedly connected to the connecting block. The junction of the flipping shaft and the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder is rotatably connected through a second bearing.

4. The top-drive tidal current power generation system based on adaptive variable-angle blades according to claim 3, characterized in that, At least one third bearing is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the main shaft, wherein the outer ring of the third bearing is fixedly connected to the reinforced concrete column or fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sealed drying chamber through a connecting arm.

5. The top-drive tidal current power generation system based on adaptive variable-angle blades according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first, second, and third bearings are all sealed bearings.

6. The top-drive tidal current power generation system based on adaptive variable-angle blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, On the upstream side, the limiting member locks the blade in the state of maximum vertical resistance to drive the main shaft to rotate; On the backflow side, the blades are flipped to a horizontal state of minimum resistance under the action of hydrodynamics; a cavity is reserved inside the connecting block, and a rotatable main drive ring is installed in the cavity; a third generator is fixed at the upper end of the connecting block, and the input shaft of the third generator is fixedly connected to the main drive ring; all the flipping shafts are connected to the main drive ring through transmission components.

7. The top-drive tidal current power generation system based on adaptive variable-angle blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reinforced concrete rotating cylinder is made of UHPC concrete and a stainless steel steel frame.

8. The top-drive tidal current power generation system based on adaptive variable-angle blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The portion of the blade that contacts the limiting member is provided with an energy-absorbing sheet.

9. The top-drive tidal current power generation system based on adaptive variable-angle blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, A controller is installed inside the sealed drying chamber, and a drainage pump is installed at the bottom of the sealed drying chamber. The input end of the drainage pump is connected to the bottom of the sealed drying chamber through a water pipe, and the output end of the drainage pump is connected to the outside of the reinforced concrete column through a water pipe equipped with a one-way valve. A water level sensor is installed at the bottom of the sealed drying chamber, and both the water level sensor and the drainage pump are electrically connected to the controller.

10. The top-drive tidal current power generation system based on adaptive variable-angle blades according to claim 9, characterized in that, The reinforced concrete column is fitted with a coaxial inner ring, and a gap is reserved between the reinforced concrete column and the inner ring. Multiple inner support columns are fixedly connected between the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder and the inner ring. Multiple inlets are opened at the upper end of the reinforced concrete rotating cylinder. An inspection port is reserved at the upper end of the sealed drying chamber. A sealed drying door is installed at the inspection port. Ladders are installed on both the inner and outer walls of the sealed drying chamber. The inspection port is located above the water surface.

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