A machine rock friction and wear testing device and method for a slurry gas pressure environment

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of heading machine rock friction and wear testing device and method for slurry gas pressure environment.The device includes upper sample drive, lower sample loading, liquid gas supply, cleaning and waste liquid collection system, and is coordinated by control module.Central liquid supply and circumferential liquid supply are combined, the shaft center liquid supply pipe continuously supplies liquid to the friction center, overcoming the problem of centrifugal liquid throwing;Annular shunt passage and radial liquid outlet hole are provided in the medium box to realize uniform circumferential liquid supply, and the slurry, gas pressure or composite environment is switched by pressure cavity electromagnetic switching three-way valve.The application can simulate the complex wear environment in the actual construction of heading machine, complete the friction and wear test of cutterhead, cutter and pipeline materials and rock, the environment is stable, and the degree of automation is high, which provides test basis for wear-resistant design and material selection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machine-rock contact friction and wear testing technology for tunneling machines, specifically to a machine-rock friction and wear testing device and method for tunneling machines in slurry and gas pressure environments. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing demand for urban underground space development, rail transit construction, and tunnel construction in complex geological formations, tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are widely used in tunnel engineering. TBMs include slurry shield tunneling machines (SBMs), earth pressure shield tunneling machines (EPSSMs), and hard rock tunnel boring machines (TBMs). They primarily rely on the rotation of the cutterhead to drive the cutters and other cutting tools on the cutterhead to cut the rock and soil, producing corresponding rock debris. For SBMs, the generated rock debris is mainly transported out through pipelines via a slurry circulation system; for EPSSMs, the generated rock debris is mainly transported out via screw conveyors and belt conveyors.

[0003] As summarized in the above-mentioned slag production and removal process, there is a mechanical-rock interaction (i.e., machine-rock friction) between the tunneling machine and the rock, mainly including three aspects: frictional wear between the tunneling machine cutterhead material and the rock, frictional wear between the tunneling machine cutting tool material and the rock, and frictional wear between the tunneling machine slurry pipe material and the rock. Based on the actual machine-rock interaction environment of the tunneling machine, the wear interface includes water, slurry, and other abrasive environments. Considering the stability of the tunneling face, there are also high-pressure abrasive environments, as well as a combined slurry and air-pressure environment.

[0004] To test the machine-rock friction and wear performance of tunneling machines, some organizations have designed corresponding testing platforms. For example, the invention patent applied for by Central South University (application number: 201210407392.4), entitled "A Test Machine for the Friction and Wear of Shield Tunneling Cutters under Simulated Shield Tunneling Construction Conditions, Test Cutters and Test Method," proposes to simulate the friction and wear behavior of shield tunneling cutters under earth pressure balance and slurry balance conditions using a hydraulic jacking cylinder, rotating shaft, mud box, and upper and lower sample clamps, and collect pressure and friction data; the invention patent applied for by Changsha University (application number: 201810927750.1), entitled "A Test Device and Test Method for the Friction and Wear of Shield Tunneling Cutters," proposes to achieve the friction and wear test of shield tunneling cutters through the cooperation of a pressure mechanism, a cutterhead rotation mechanism, a material plate, and a force sensor, and calculate the rotational resistance torque of the cutterhead and the magnitude of the friction force; the invention patent applied for by Beijing Jiaotong University, Jinan Rail Transit Group Co., Ltd., and China Railway No. 2 Engineering Group Co., Ltd. (application number: 202010124467.2), entitled "A Device and Method for Conducting Shield Tunneling Machine Cutter Wear Test," proposes to simulate the friction and wear behavior of shield tunneling cutters under earth pressure balance and slurry balance conditions using a hydraulic jacking cylinder, rotating shaft, mud box, and upper and lower sample clamps, and collect pressure and friction data; The invention includes a test bench, propulsion hydraulic cylinders, a model cutterhead, a test material box, a grouting system, and a data monitoring system. It studies the influence of different geological conditions, cutter types, cutter configurations, and mud amendment materials on shield cutter wear. A patent application (application number: 202110065234.4) filed by Southwest Jiaotong University and Nanning Rail Transit Group Co., Ltd., entitled "A Dual-Mode Switchable Shield Tunneling Simulation Test Device for Slurry-Earth Pressure Difference," proposes to achieve the conversion between slurry tunneling mode and earth pressure difference tunneling mode through a soil sample box, shield machine, power rotation device, and slurry circulation system, and is used to study the relationship between shield tunneling parameters and geological deformation characteristics. A patent application (application number: 201910466762.3) filed by Hunan Normal University, entitled "A Test Device and Method for Cutter Ring Wear under Water Jet and Corrosive Liquid Conditions," provides a test device and method for cutter ring wear under water jet and corrosive liquid conditions, enabling cutting wear testing under water jet assistance and corrosive liquid conditions.

[0005] A comprehensive search of existing inventions reveals that current testing devices primarily focus on friction and wear testing between tunneling machine (TBM) cutters and rock in conventional and some liquid environments. Testing of friction and wear between the cutterhead and muck discharge pipes and rock is relatively limited. There is a lack of a comprehensive and standardized testing device capable of measuring the friction and wear between TBM cutterhead materials, TBM cutter materials, and TBM slurry pipe materials and rock. Furthermore, while existing testing devices can simulate slurry environments, they lack consideration for high-pressure environments and slurry-air pressure composite environments, severely limiting the understanding of machine-rock friction under these wear conditions. Additionally, to accelerate testing, the machine-rock friction and wear process is generally a high-speed, continuous rotational process. Due to centrifugal force, the slurry medium between the cutter and rock is easily ejected during the test, making it impossible to guarantee a stable slurry wear environment. Existing inventions fail to overcome this problem. To address this, the present invention designs a testing device and method for machine-rock friction and wear testing of tunneling machines in slurry-gas pressure environments. This device can examine slurry environments, gas pressure environments, and slurry-gas pressure composite environments. It also establishes standard samples and standardized testing procedures and methods for tunneling machine cutterhead materials, tunneling machine cutting tool materials, and tunneling machine slurry pipe materials, enabling machine-rock friction and wear testing of tunneling machines under slurry-gas pressure environments. This provides a testing basis for the wear resistance design, material selection, and life prediction of key machine-rock contact components of tunneling machines. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a testing device and method for machine-rock friction and wear testing of tunneling machines under slurry and gas pressure environments. This device can simulate the slurry environment, gas pressure environment, and slurry-gas pressure composite wear environment under tunneling machine construction conditions. It can also complete friction and wear tests between the tunneling machine's slurry pipe material and rock debris, the tunneling machine's cutting tool material and rock, and the tunneling machine's cutterhead material and rock. This device forms a standardized testing process and method, which can reproduce the actual slurry and gas pressure environment on the tunneling machine site. Moreover, the wear environment achieved by the device is stable, which can provide a basis for machine-rock friction and wear testing of tunneling machines under slurry and gas pressure environments.

[0007] This invention is mainly achieved through the following scheme, which mainly includes five systems: an upper sample driving and fixing system, a lower sample loading and fixing support system, a liquid medium supply and circulation system, a sample cleaning and drying system, and a waste liquid collection and discharge system.

[0008] The upper sample drive and fixing system is used to provide the rotational power required for testing, including: control module, servo motor, drive wheel, driven wheel, belt, torque sensor, spindle connecting rod, spindle, upper sample holder, positioning pin, upper sample, and bolts.

[0009] The lower specimen loading and fixing support system is used to realize the installation, support and loading of the specimen, including: axial loading lifting platform, lower specimen mounting seat, and lower specimen.

[0010] The liquid medium supply and circulation system is used to supply and circulate the slurry medium in the friction area and inside the medium box. It includes: medium box, liquid level sensor, pressure sensor, annular diversion channel, radial liquid outlet, medium box gas-liquid universal pipe, pressure chamber electromagnetic switching three-way valve, medium box main liquid supply pipe, solenoid valve II, storage tank, drive motor, stirring blade, solenoid valve I, axial liquid supply pipe, built-in miniature liquid level sensor, axial liquid supply pipe outlet, and reusable sealing cover.

[0011] The sample cleaning and drying system is used to clean and dry the samples after testing. It includes an annular cleaning chamber, a lateral moving telescopic mechanism, a vertical lifting mechanism, an inward-tilting nozzle, an adjustable spray area external nozzle, a main pipe, a gas-liquid electromagnetic switching three-way valve, an air supply pipe, an air compressor, a water supply pipe, a high-pressure pump, and a telescopic pipe.

[0012] The waste liquid collection and discharge system is used to centrally collect and treat the waste liquid generated during the test, including the media box drain outlet, electromagnetic drain valve, media box drain pipe, cleaning chamber drain outlet, cleaning chamber drain pipe, and main drain pipe.

[0013] The control module is connected to the servo motor, the drive motor, the torque sensor, the built-in miniature liquid level sensor, the liquid level sensor, the pressure sensor, the solenoid valve I, the solenoid valve II, the solenoid drain valve, the pressure chamber solenoid switching three-way valve, the gas-liquid solenoid switching three-way valve, the air compressor, the high-pressure pump, and the axial loading lifting platform. It is used to control the start and stop and speed of the servo motor, as well as the lifting and contact pressure control of the axial loading lifting platform. It also receives monitoring signals from the sensors and coordinates the opening and closing status of the solenoid valves, the air supply of the air compressor, and the operation of the high-pressure pump based on the monitoring signals, thereby realizing the coordinated operation and switching of various systems.

[0014] The servo motor is fixedly mounted on the frame. The servo motor's extended shaft is connected to the drive wheel, which is connected to the driven wheel via a belt. The driven wheel is connected to the main shaft, thus transmitting the power of the servo motor to the main shaft. The main shaft is cylindrical, with its axis aligned with the driven wheel's axis. The main shaft and driven wheel are fixedly connected, achieving synchronous rotation. The main shaft is mounted on bearings in the frame and cannot move vertically; it can only rotate with the belt. A torque sensor is installed on the main shaft's transmission path and coaxially connected to the main shaft, used to detect the torque experienced by the main shaft during rotation. The upper end of the main shaft contacts a main shaft connecting rod, which is also cylindrical but has an end cap at its upper end. The lower end of the main shaft connecting rod has an internal thread, which connects to the upper sample holder via a thread. During the tightening process of the upper sample holder with the main shaft connecting rod, the upper sample holder gradually contacts the lower end of the main shaft. The lower end of the main shaft is axially larger than the main shaft connecting rod, ensuring that the upper sample holder clamps the main shaft during tightening. This achieves reliable fixation of the upper sample holder on the main shaft and allows it to rotate synchronously with the main shaft. Tightening the upper sample holder integrates the main shaft, the main shaft connecting rod, and the upper sample holder into a single unit. The upper sample holder has a positioning pin and bolt holes. The upper sample is placed inside the upper sample holder and positioned by the positioning pin, then secured to the upper sample holder by bolts, thus allowing the upper sample to rotate synchronously with the main shaft.

[0015] The axial loading lifting platform is mounted on the frame, and the lower sample mounting seat is located at the upper end of the axial loading lifting platform. The lower sample mounting seat can move synchronously with the axial loading lifting platform in the axial direction. The lower sample mounting seat is used to mount and position the lower sample. The lower sample is preferably square in structure. Compared with the ring sample, the square sample is easier to obtain a rock sample with a complete structure during the preparation process, which can reduce the disturbance to the original structure of the rock during processing. At the same time, it has a larger effective contact area, which is beneficial to improving the stability and repeatability of friction testing, and facilitates the clamping and replacement of the lower sample. The lower sample mounting seat is constrained in the circumferential direction to prevent it from rotating under the action of friction torque, thereby ensuring that the lower sample remains relatively stationary during the test, so that the lower sample and the upper sample form a stable relative friction relationship.

[0016] The axial loading lifting platform is used to apply axial load to the upper and lower specimens during friction. The loading parameters are set by the control module to achieve a preset contact stress between the upper and lower specimens. During the test, relative friction occurs between the upper and lower specimens, generating a frictional resistance torque opposite to the direction of rotation. This frictional resistance torque is transmitted to the torque sensor via the upper specimen seat, the main shaft connecting rod, and the main shaft. The torque sensor transmits the monitored torque to the control module, which processes the torque to obtain real-time frictional torque data between the upper and lower specimens. This data is used to characterize the frictional state between the specimens and analyze friction and wear behavior.

[0017] The media box has an internal thread at the bottom of its inner cylindrical surface, and the lower sample mounting base has an external thread on its outer cylindrical surface that mates with it. The media box is installed on the lower sample mounting base via a threaded connection to form a cavity containing slurry. To prevent slurry leakage, a leak-proof material, preferably a sealing strip, can be added at the threaded connection. The media box has an external thread at the top of its outer cylindrical surface, and the reusable sealing cover has an internal thread on its inner cylindrical surface that mates with it. The reusable sealing cover is installed on the upper end of the media box via a threaded connection to seal the upper part of the media box, thereby providing sealing conditions for forming a controlled pressure environment inside the media box. The reusable sealing cover has a through hole at its center that mates with the main shaft. The reusable sealing cover achieves a clearance fit with the main shaft through the through hole, ensuring that the main shaft can rotate freely relative to the reusable sealing cover while allowing the reusable sealing cover to move axially along the main shaft, thus ensuring that the reusable sealing cover can be screwed onto the media box.

[0018] The medium box has an annular cylindrical structure, with an annular wall formed between its inner and outer circular walls. An annular flow distribution channel is circumferentially formed inside the annular wall near the upper end. This annular flow distribution channel communicates with multiple radial liquid outlet holes, distributing the medium entering the medium box circumferentially and allowing it to flow out evenly through the radial liquid outlet holes. One end of the medium box gas-liquid universal pipe is connected to the medium box and ultimately to the annular flow distribution channel. Preferably, the medium box gas-liquid universal pipe is a flexible, expandable pipe whose length can change accordingly with the lifting and lowering movement of the axial loading platform to accommodate the axial displacement of the medium box and ensure the continuity and sealing of the pipeline connection during the movement of the medium box. The other end of the medium box gas-liquid universal pipe is connected to the electromagnetic switching three-way valve of the pressure chamber.

[0019] The storage tank is fixed to the upper end of the frame. A stirring blade is located at the bottom center of the storage tank, and the stirring blade is connected to the drive motor. The drive motor is connected to the control module, which controls the start / stop and operation status adjustment. The storage tank contains a pre-mixed slurry medium for the slurry tunneling machine. The stirring blade continuously stirs the slurry medium to maintain a uniform mixture, reducing component stratification or sedimentation, thereby improving the uniformity of the slurry during use. The storage tank is connected to both the axial supply pipe and the main supply pipe of the medium box. The axial supply pipe is controlled by solenoid valve I, and the main supply pipe of the medium box is controlled by solenoid valve II. Solenoid valves I and II have a pressurization function, ensuring the slurry flows under pressure to enter the medium box.

[0020] During the friction test between the upper and lower samples, rotational friction occurs. Before rotation, a stable slurry medium can be maintained between the contact surfaces of the two friction samples. However, once rotational friction occurs, the slurry will be thrown outward from the contact area in the radial or tangential direction under the action of centrifugal force. If there is no continuous slurry replenishment, the wear test environment of the upper and lower samples will change and the test requirements cannot be met. Therefore, a mode of central liquid supply as the main method and circumferential liquid supply as the auxiliary method is adopted to overcome this defect.

[0021] The central liquid supply is achieved through the axial liquid supply pipe. Small holes are formed along the axial direction at the center of the end cap at the upper end of the main shaft connecting rod, the center of the upper sample holder, and the center of the upper sample. The axial liquid supply pipe can pass through these holes to reach the interior of the upper sample. Ultimately, the slurry is continuously replenished to the central area of ​​the contact surface between the upper and lower samples through the axial liquid supply pipe. The axial liquid supply pipe and the solenoid valve I constitute a central liquid supply channel. Even under high-speed rotation, although the slurry is continuously thrown away by centrifugal force, it still receives continuous replenishment from the axial liquid supply pipe, ensuring... Under high-speed rotation, the slurry environment between the contact surfaces of the upper and lower samples ensures that the wear test conditions remain unchanged. The built-in micro liquid level sensor is provided at the end of the axial liquid supply pipe, and the built-in micro liquid level sensor is flush with the outlet of the axial liquid supply pipe. The built-in micro liquid level sensor is used to monitor the liquid level height inside the friction contact area and transmits the detection signal to the control module. The control module controls the opening and closing of the solenoid valve I according to the liquid level signal to adjust the liquid level of the liquid medium in the friction contact area.

[0022] Circumferential liquid supply is achieved through the main liquid supply pipe of the media box, which is connected to the pressure chamber electromagnetic switching three-way valve. By controlling the pressure chamber electromagnetic switching three-way valve, it is possible to determine whether to supply slurry to the gas-liquid universal pipe of the media box, thereby determining whether to supply circumferential slurry to the media box. In order to simulate the gas pressure environment, the pressure chamber electromagnetic switching three-way valve can be switched to the air supply pipe. The high-pressure gas in the air supply pipe is supplied by the air compressor. At this time, the circumferential liquid supply is changed to circumferential air supply, that is, the main liquid supply pipe of the media box has been cut off to simulate the high-pressure environment in the media box. However, since the central liquid supply still exists, a slurry-gas pressure composite wear environment can be constructed simultaneously. In order to ensure the high-pressure environment, the gap between the reused sealing cover and the main shaft can be filled by a sealing ring to reduce gas leakage. The air pressure provided by the air compressor can be steplessly adjusted according to the actual working conditions.

[0023] The media box is equipped with a pressure sensor and a liquid level sensor, both of which are connected to the control module. The pressure sensor detects the pressure inside the media box and transmits the pressure signal to the control module. The control module adjusts the operating status of the air compressor based on the pressure signal to regulate the pressure inside the media box. The liquid level sensor detects the circumferential slurry level inside the media box and transmits the circumferential liquid level signal to the control module. The control module adjusts the opening and closing status of the solenoid valve II in real time based on the liquid level signal, so that the slurry in the storage tank is continuously or intermittently replenished into the media box through the main liquid supply pipe. In simulating a high-pressure environment, although sealing measures are adopted, gas leakage is unavoidable. The control module dynamically adjusts the air supply status of the air compressor based on the real-time feedback signal from the pressure sensor, ensuring that the gas supply rate into the media box is always greater than the leakage rate. This forms a continuous dynamic adjustment and replenishment of gas, maintaining the gas pressure inside the media box within a set range in a dynamic equilibrium state, thereby constructing an adjustable and stable controlled pressure environment.

[0024] To ensure the fluidity of the slurry, in addition to central and circumferential slurry supply, drainage is also required. Drainage is mainly achieved through the media box, which has a drain outlet around its bottom perimeter. The media box drain outlet is connected to an electromagnetic drain valve, which has a pumping function to facilitate drainage. The electromagnetic drain valve is connected to the media box drain pipe, which ultimately converges into the main drain pipe, allowing the slurry to be discharged to the waste liquid collection device.

[0025] To facilitate the characterization of the tested upper sample, the worn sample needs to be cleaned and dried, primarily by the sample cleaning and drying system. The annular cleaning chamber is fixedly mounted on the lateral telescopic mechanism, which drives the annular cleaning chamber to move horizontally. The lateral telescopic mechanism has a limiting function, ensuring that the axis of the annular cleaning chamber is coaxially aligned with the axis of the upper sample. The lateral telescopic mechanism is mounted on the vertical lifting mechanism, which drives the lateral telescopic mechanism and the annular cleaning chamber to move vertically, thereby covering or detaching the upper sample and forming a closed cleaning space. The top of the outer cylindrical surface of the annular cleaning chamber has an external thread for threaded connection with the reusable sealing cap, sealing the upper part of the annular cleaning chamber and preventing splashing of cleaning fluid during cleaning. That is, the reusable sealing cap can be threadedly connected to both the media box and the annular cleaning chamber.

[0026] The annular cleaning chamber contains a main pipe that runs through the chamber wall. The main pipe has two branches inside the annular cleaning chamber. One branch is inside the annular cleaning chamber and connects to an inward-angled nozzle. This inward-angled nozzle is used to clean and dry the upper sample. The inward-angled nozzle is installed at a certain angle to facilitate the spraying of cleaning water and gas onto the worn areas of the upper sample. During the spraying process, the upper sample rotates with the main shaft, achieving full-surface cleaning of the upper sample, thus achieving a thorough cleaning effect without dead angles. The other branch of the main pipe is outside the annular cleaning chamber, and this branch is connected to a... The device includes an adjustable external spray nozzle located at the axial center of the annular cleaning chamber. This nozzle is used to clean and dry the lower sample. The spray area of ​​the adjustable external spray nozzle can be adjusted according to the size of the lower sample to achieve complete coverage. Since the lower sample is located inside the media box, which has a certain depth, the cleaning water sprayed from the adjustable external spray nozzle will not splash everywhere during the cleaning phase. Under gravity, it will automatically drain from the media box's drain outlet. Therefore, no additional cover is needed to create a closed space for the lower sample.

[0027] The bottom of the annular cleaning chamber is designed with an inclined structure so that the cleaning liquid generated during the cleaning of the upper sample is collected at the lowest position. The lowest point of the annular cleaning chamber is provided with the cleaning chamber drain outlet, which is connected to the cleaning chamber drain pipe. The cleaning chamber drain pipe merges with the media box drain pipe and is connected to the main drain pipe, and finally the waste liquid is discharged into the waste liquid collection device.

[0028] To supply the main pipe with cleaning liquid or drying gas, the main pipe extends from the annular cleaning chamber wall and connects to the gas-liquid electromagnetic switching three-way valve. The gas-liquid electromagnetic switching three-way valve is installed inside the lateral telescopic mechanism but does not move synchronously with it. The other two ends of the gas-liquid electromagnetic switching three-way valve are respectively connected to the water supply pipe and the air supply pipe. The water supply pipe is located within the vertical lifting mechanism and is further connected to the high-pressure pump, which is further connected to an external water source. The system is connected, and the high-pressure pump is fixedly installed on the frame; the air supply pipe is a flexible pipe that can adapt to the movement of the lateral telescopic mechanism and the vertical lifting mechanism. The air supply pipe is connected to the air compressor, which is fixedly installed on the frame; the air compressor can supply air to the main pipe and the medium box gas-liquid universal pipe respectively through the gas-liquid electromagnetic switching three-way valve and the pressure chamber electromagnetic switching three-way valve. The air supply to the main pipe is to dry the upper sample, and the air supply to the medium box gas-liquid universal pipe is to achieve a high-pressure environment.

[0029] During the cleaning of the upper and lower samples, the main pipe and the water supply pipe are connected via the gas-liquid electromagnetic switching three-way valve, and the cleaning liquid is delivered by the high-pressure pump. The cleaning liquid is finally sprayed from the inward-angle nozzle and the adjustable outer nozzle of the spray area to clean the upper and lower samples respectively. After cleaning, the high-pressure pump is turned off, the gas-liquid electromagnetic switching three-way valve is adjusted to connect the main pipe and the air supply pipe, and the pressure chamber electromagnetic switching three-way valve is closed. The air compressor then sprays drying gas from the inward-angle nozzle and the adjustable outer nozzle of the spray area to dry the upper and lower samples.

[0030] The main pipe, the water supply pipe, and the cleaning chamber drain pipe are all equipped with telescopic pipes, which can ensure that the main pipe, the water supply pipe, and the cleaning chamber drain pipe change length during the movement of the horizontal telescopic mechanism and the vertical lifting mechanism to adapt to the change in the position of the annular cleaning chamber.

[0031] The cleaning fluid is preferably ordinary tap water, but a cleaning liquid of a certain concentration can also be prepared. The slurry in the storage tank is prepared with reference to the slurry ratio for slag conveying in a slurry tunneling machine. The material of the upper sample is preferably the material of the cutterhead, roller cutter, and pipes in the tunneling machine. The material used should be sampled on-site as much as possible, or it can be manufactured by a supplier, but the mechanical properties and materials need to be consistent with the mechanical materials of the tunneling machine. The upper sample is in the shape of an inverted cylindrical barrel, and the top of the upper sample has three small holes. The middle hole is for the shaft fluid supply pipe to pass through, and the other two holes are used for the positioning pin and the bolt to pass through, respectively. The lower sample is a square sample with a certain thickness, which can be fitted into the lower sample mounting base. The lower sample is preferably a common rock material, such as granite and pebbles, which can be sampled on-site or manufactured by a supplier.

[0032] The specific usage method of this testing device is as follows:

[0033] (1) Sample preparation: Based on the actual requirements of the machine-rock friction and wear test of the tunnel boring machine, materials corresponding to the actual tunneling conditions are selected to prepare the upper sample and the lower sample. The upper sample can be selected from the cutterhead ring, cutterhead panel or slurry conveying pipeline material of the tunnel boring machine, and the core mechanical properties of hardness, impact toughness and fracture toughness after processing must be completely consistent with the actual components in the actual tunneling project; the lower sample is selected from hard rock materials with representative strata and mechanically cut to simulate the actual rock mass environment that comes into direct contact with the upper sample during actual tunneling. The upper sample is machined into an inverted cylindrical hollow structure. Its outermost diameter is designed to be smaller than the side length of the square upper surface of the lower sample. This geometrically ensures that during subsequent rotational friction, the bottom friction surface of the upper sample maintains complete contact with the flat upper surface of the lower sample. As preferred geometric parameters, the outer diameter of the upper sample is set between 30 and 40 mm, and the thickness between 2 and 5 mm. This range ensures sufficient test contact area and frictional axial load strength while effectively balancing the structural strength of the sample and its dynamic balance stability during high-speed rotation. Correspondingly, the lower sample is machined into a block-shaped square sample, preferably with a side length of 60 mm and an overall thickness of 20 mm. This provides stable load-bearing conditions and helps maintain the original mechanical properties of the rock material, while also facilitating standardized preparation and repeated testing. The dimensional matching between the upper and lower samples significantly reduces system mechanical vibration caused by microscopic inhomogeneities at the friction interface and imbalances during high-speed rotation, improving the stability of the testing process and the reliability of the data. After completing the geometric machining of the samples, preferably, the friction contact surfaces of the upper and lower samples are finely polished using high-grit sandpaper or a grinding machine. They are then thoroughly cleaned and dried in an ultrasonic cleaner to completely remove residual cutting fluid, machining oil, and microscopic impurities, ensuring good initial contact between the upper and lower samples. Finally, before the test begins, the dried upper and lower samples are weighed separately using a high-precision electronic balance, and their initial mass data are recorded in detail as a basis for comparison in subsequent wear analysis.

[0034] (2) Sample installation and medium box sealing: This includes the installation and fixing of the upper sample and the lower sample, as well as the sealing installation of the medium box. The upper sample is placed in the upper sample holder, positioned and prevented from rotating by the positioning pin on the upper sample holder, and then tightened and fixed by the bolt; then, the upper sample holder, which is already connected to the upper sample, is screwed onto the main shaft connecting rod by threads to complete the assembly of the upper sample. Subsequently, the lower sample is placed in the dedicated limiting groove of the lower sample mounting base, and the medium box is then installed onto the lower sample mounting base via a threaded connection. Before tightening, to prevent high-pressure slurry leakage, sealing tape is evenly wrapped around the external thread on the outer cylindrical surface of the lower sample mounting base, and then the medium box is aligned and tightened. Next, the gas-liquid universal pipe of the medium box is connected to the medium box, and the drain pipe of the medium box is connected to the drain port of the medium box at the bottom. Finally, the load parameters required for frictional contact between the two samples are preset in the control module, and the axial loading lifting platform is controlled to rise smoothly until the friction surfaces of the upper sample and the lower sample are fully pressed into contact. At this time, the reusable sealing cover is moved along the main shaft to the upper end of the medium box and installed by threaded connection with the medium box.

[0035] (3) Friction environment settings: including slurry environment, air pressure environment and slurry-air pressure composite wear environment.

[0036] To simulate the machine-rock contact friction and wear test of a tunneling machine in a slurry environment, a slurry environment needs to be set. The slurry environment is selected in the control module. At this time, the built-in micro liquid level sensor and the liquid level sensor in the media box start working and monitor the signal transmitted to the control module. The control module then opens solenoid valves I and II. The slurry medium in the storage tank flows through solenoid valve I, through the axial supply pipe, and is injected from the outlet of the axial supply pipe into the friction contact area of ​​the two samples, achieving central supply and ensuring a stable slurry environment between the contact surfaces of the upper and lower samples during high-speed rotation friction. Simultaneously, under the control of solenoid valve II, the slurry medium in the storage tank flows sequentially through the main supply pipe of the media box and the pressure chamber electromagnetic switching three-way valve. At this time, the pressure chamber electromagnetic switching three-way valve maintains the connection between the main supply pipe of the media box and the media... With the gas-liquid universal pipe of the medium box connected, the slurry enters the medium box through the gas-liquid universal pipe and flows evenly into various areas of the medium box circumferentially through the annular diversion channel and multiple radial outlet holes set in the inner wall of the medium box, ensuring that the upper and lower samples are fully immersed in the slurry medium and achieving circumferential liquid supply. At the same time as the liquid supply, the electromagnetic drain valve at the bottom is also opened appropriately to form a circulation path. When the liquid level in the sample contact area and the liquid level in the medium box both reach the set range, the servo motor can be started to drive the spindle to rotate, and the friction and wear test can be officially started. During the test, the built-in micro liquid level sensor transmits the signal to the control module according to the liquid level change, thereby controlling the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve I. Similarly, the liquid level sensor in the medium box will also control the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve II, and work with the electromagnetic drain valve to achieve continuous circulation of the slurry medium.

[0037] To simulate the machine-rock contact friction and wear test of a tunneling machine under air pressure, the air pressure environment needs to be set. Air pressure environment: Selecting the air pressure environment in the control module will automatically close solenoid valve I, solenoid valve II, the gas-liquid solenoid switching three-way valve, and the bottom solenoid drain valve, cutting off all liquid passages to prepare for the subsequent construction of a sealed pressurized space. Then, the target pressure inside the media box is set in the control module, and the pressurization function is activated. At this time, the pressure chamber solenoid switching three-way valve switches to the pressurization path, connecting the air supply pipe to the gas-liquid universal pipe of the media box. The pressure sensor located inside the media box begins to feed back real-time pressure signals to the control module, and the control module adjusts the pressure according to the target set value. The actual feedback difference is calculated and the operation of the air compressor is controlled. The generated stable high-pressure gas is output through the air supply pipe, and then flows sequentially through the electromagnetic switching three-way valve of the pressure chamber and the gas-liquid universal pipe of the medium box, and finally injected into the sealed medium box, thereby achieving precise pressurization of the inside of the medium box. When the air pressure reaches the set air pressure environment, the servo motor can be started to drive the spindle to rotate with the upper sample, and the machine-rock friction and wear test under high air pressure environment can begin. During the entire test operation, the pressure sensor can monitor the air pressure in the box in real time, so that when the control module detects a pressure drop due to leakage, it can sensitively control the air compressor to dynamically replenish air at any time, and always maintain the test environment at a constant air pressure state.

[0038] To simulate the machine-rock contact friction and wear test of a tunneling machine under a slurry-air pressure composite environment, a slurry-air pressure composite environment needs to be set. In the slurry-air pressure composite environment: Selecting the slurry-air pressure composite environment in the control module, the system first automatically closes solenoid valve I, solenoid valve II, and the gas-liquid solenoid switching three-way valve; subsequently, the pressure chamber solenoid switching three-way valve automatically switches to the pressurization path. The target air pressure value inside the medium box is set in the control module, and the pressurization function is activated. To ensure a stable preset air pressure, the pressure sensor needs to constantly transmit the monitored pressure signal to the control module, and the control algorithm dynamically adjusts the operating speed of the air compressor in real time to ensure the pressure inside the box is maintained. The air pressure is maintained at a constant pressure environment. Once the pressure environment inside the chamber is completed and stabilized at the preset pressure, the control module controls the solenoid valve I. Since the solenoid valve I has a pressurization function for the slurry, its output pressure is greater than the reverse air pressure inside the chamber. Therefore, even in the presence of a high air pressure resistance environment inside, it can ensure that the slurry is injected from the bottom of the axial supply pipe outlet into the contact surface between the upper and lower samples, realizing the pressure injection of the friction area. During this period, the liquid level in the friction area is monitored in real time by the built-in micro liquid level sensor. After the set liquid level is reached, the servo motor is started for testing, realizing the knife-rock friction and wear test under the slurry-air pressure composite environment.

[0039] (4) Friction and wear test: After the sample installation and friction environment settings are completed, the control module is started and the servo motor is driven to run. The upper sample is rotated through the spindle. Under the axial load provided by the axial loading lifting platform, the upper sample and the lower sample are in close contact and relative friction is generated under the axial load. During the test, the control module collects and records the friction time, the rotation speed and the actual number of rotations of the upper sample in real time. It also collects the axial contact load, the real-time friction torque monitored by the torque sensor and the internal pressure parameters of the medium box monitored by the pressure sensor. All parameters are displayed and stored in real time on the system interface. When the test reaches the preset time or the set working condition, the control module automatically controls the servo motor to stop running and the spindle stops rotating. Then, the control module processes the collected data, calculates the number of friction revolutions and the sliding distance according to the recorded rotation speed and number of rotations, and calculates the friction coefficient by combining the contact load obtained by the test and the friction torque detected by the torque sensor.

[0040] (5) Sample cleaning and drying: After the friction and wear test, the axial loading lifting platform is lowered to its lowest position; then, the control module drives the lateral telescopic mechanism to operate, using the limiting function of the lateral telescopic mechanism to move the annular cleaning chamber directly below the upper sample, and the vertical lifting mechanism drives the annular cleaning chamber to rise smoothly, so that the upper sample completely enters the annular cleaning chamber. Then, the reusable sealing cover is sealed to the annular cleaning chamber by threaded connection; after setting the cleaning and drying time parameters in the control module, the cleaning mode is started. The gas-liquid electromagnetic switching three-way valve automatically switches to the water supply path, connecting the main pipe to the water supply pipe. High-pressure water, pressurized by the high-pressure pump, flows sequentially through the water supply pipe and the gas-liquid electromagnetic switching three-way valve into the main pipe, and is then distributed to the adjustable external spray nozzles and the inward-angled spray nozzles in the spray area. During the cleaning process, the control module controls the servo motor to maintain low-speed operation, causing the upper sample to rotate slowly via the main shaft. The inward-angled spray nozzles perform all-around spray cleaning on the rotating upper sample, while the adjustable external spray nozzles in the spray area simultaneously spray clean the lower sample below, rinsing it. Surface-residual impurities and rock debris; waste liquid generated during the cleaning process is collected at the bottom of the annular cleaning chamber to the cleaning chamber drain outlet and discharged through the cleaning chamber drain pipe; simultaneously, waste liquid in the media box is also discharged through the media box drain outlet and the electromagnetic drain valve, and merges with the cleaning chamber drain pipe before being discharged into the main drain pipe, ultimately being centrally discharged to the waste liquid collection device; after the set cleaning time is reached, the control module controls the high-pressure pump to stop running to end the water supply, and before the air compressor starts, the control module controls the pressure chamber electromagnetic switching three-way valve to close, so that the media box gas-liquid universal pipe is connected to the... The air supply pipe is disconnected; then the system switches to air drying mode, and the gas-liquid electromagnetic switching three-way valve switches to the air supply path, connecting the main pipe to the air supply pipe. The air compressor then starts, and high-pressure gas is injected into the main pipe through the air supply pipe and the gas-liquid electromagnetic switching three-way valve. The upper sample and the lower sample are dried by the inward-angled nozzle and the adjustable spray area external nozzle, respectively. During the drying process, the upper sample is kept rotating at a low speed under the drive of the main shaft to ensure uniform drying. After the set drying time is reached, the control module controls the air compressor to stop running, completing the entire in-situ cleaning and drying process.

[0041] (6) Sample disassembly and equipment reset: After cleaning and air drying, manually disconnect the threaded connection between the reusable sealing cover and the annular cleaning chamber. Control the horizontal telescopic mechanism and the vertical lifting mechanism to reset to their initial positions through the control module, so that the upper sample is separated from the annular cleaning chamber. Then, disassemble the connection between the upper sample holder and the main shaft connecting rod, unscrew the bolt and remove the upper sample. Then, unscrew the medium box from the lower sample mounting seat and remove the lower sample from it for microscopic morphology observation. After the sample disassembly is completed, use a high-precision electronic balance to weigh the upper sample and the lower sample respectively and record the mass data after the test. Compare the mass data with the initial mass before the test to calculate the mass loss. Finally, save and export the entire test data in the control module, stop the machine and dispose of the waste liquid.

[0042] (7) Observation of morphology and formation of report: The morphology of the friction surfaces of the upper sample and the lower sample is observed and analyzed. The wear morphology characteristics are obtained by using microscopic detection equipment. The mechanical parameters and mass loss recorded in the test are combined for comprehensive comparative analysis to form a complete test report.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a testing device and method for machine-rock friction and wear of tunneling machines in slurry-gas pressure environments, which has the following advantages: 1) The provided testing device and method can complete machine-rock friction and wear tests of tunneling machines in slurry environments, gas pressure environments, and slurry-gas pressure composite wear environments, and the wear environment achieved by the device is stable, ensuring the reproduction of the field environment; 2) The slurry environment is constructed by using a central liquid supply as the main method and a circumferential liquid supply as a supplement. The central liquid supply mode injects liquid from the central area of ​​the contact surface between the upper and lower samples, which can effectively overcome the problem of the upper sample throwing the slurry away and destroying the wear environment when rotating at high speed. One challenge is that a continuous and stable central liquid supply can ensure that the slurry wear test environment between the upper and lower samples remains unchanged; 3) Circumferential liquid supply is achieved by setting an annular diversion channel and multiple radial outlet holes inside the medium box. After the slurry enters the annular diversion channel, it can be evenly distributed circumferentially and synchronously transported to various areas inside the medium box through multiple radial outlet holes, thereby forming a circumferentially uniform liquid supply mode. This structure can reduce the phenomenon of slurry accumulation or insufficient supply in local areas, improve the uniformity of slurry distribution around the friction area, and work with the central liquid supply mode to maintain a stable slurry wear environment, further stabilizing the wear test environment; 4 The main shaft, the main shaft connecting rod, and the upper sample holder are connected by a top-bottom coordinating clamping structure. The main shaft connecting rod and the upper sample holder are connected by threads, and these threads cooperate to axially limit and fix both ends of the main shaft, forming a stable axial clamping structure. This ensures that the main shaft, the main shaft connecting rod, and the upper sample holder are integrated into a single unit. Furthermore, each of the main shaft, the main shaft connecting rod, and the upper sample holder has a central hole along the axial direction, allowing the axial liquid supply pipe to pass through the hole and reach the center area of ​​the contact surface between the upper and lower samples. This structure enables the upper sample holder to be reliably installed on the lower end of the main shaft and rotate synchronously with it. To improve the installation stability of the upper sample under high-speed rotation conditions, avoid loosening or displacement caused by centrifugal force and vibration, and facilitate the disassembly and replacement of the upper sample, thereby improving the adaptability and test repeatability of the device, and also facilitating the realization of central liquid supply; 5) The sample cleaning and drying system of the device uses an annular cleaning chamber and nozzle to clean and dry the sample after wear testing in a timely manner, reduce in-situ interference of the test sample, and ensure the test process is streamlined; 6) The control module can coordinate the control of each system to realize the automated control and multi-parameter coupling adjustment of the test process, making the test operation simple, repeatable, and able to obtain test results under actual working conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the experimental apparatus involved in the present invention; Appendix Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the friction and wear test structure under the mating state of the medium box and the reusable sealing cover; Appendix Figure 3 A partially enlarged schematic diagram of the connection structure between the main spindle, the main spindle connecting rod, and the upper sample holder; Appendix Figure 4 for Figure 1 The enlarged view of region C in the image shows the positioning and installation structure of the upper sample and the upper sample holder. Appendix Figure 5 For the appendix Figure 1 The B-B plane view in the diagram; Appendix Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the sample cleaning structure with the annular cleaning chamber and the reusable sealing cap in conjunction. Appendix Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the sample. Appendix Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the sample below; Appendix Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the testing method involved in the present invention; In the attached diagram: 1-Control module, 2-Solenoid valve I, 3-Spindle supply pipe, 4-Main spindle connecting rod, 5-Main spindle, 6-Driven pulley, 7-Belt, 8-Drive pulley, 9-Torque sensor, 10-Servo motor, 11-Reusable sealing cover, 12-Upper sample holder, 13-Positioning pin, 14-Upper sample, 15-Built-in miniature liquid level sensor, 16-Spindle supply pipe outlet, 17-Bolt, 18-Liquid level sensor, 19-Pressure sensor, 20-Radial outlet, 21-Annular diversion channel, 22-Media box, 23-Lower sample, 24-Lower sample mounting base, 25-Media box drain port, 26-Solenoid drain valve, 27-Media 28-Axial loading lifting platform, 29-Main drain pipe, 30-Cleansing chamber drain pipe, 31-High pressure pump, 32-Water supply pipe, 33-Media box gas-liquid universal pipe, 34-Air compressor, 35-Air supply pipe, 36-Pressure chamber electromagnetic switching three-way valve, 37-Vertical lifting mechanism, 38-Horizontal moving telescopic mechanism, 39-Gas-liquid electromagnetic switching three-way valve, 40-Cleansing chamber drain outlet, 41-Telescopic pipe, 42-Adjustable external nozzle for spraying area, 43-Main pipe, 44-Inward tilting nozzle, 45-Annular cleaning chamber, 46-Media box main liquid supply pipe, 47-Solenoid valve II, 48-Drive motor, 49-Stirring blade, 50-Storage tank. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0046] As attached Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides a testing device for machine-rock friction and wear of a tunneling machine in a slurry-pressure environment, comprising five systems: an upper sample driving and fixing system, a lower sample loading and fixing support system, a liquid medium supply and circulation system, a sample cleaning and drying system, and a waste liquid collection and discharge system. These systems cooperate to achieve continuous and automated testing.

[0047] The upper sample drive and fixing system is used to provide the rotational power required for testing, including: control module 1, servo motor 10, drive wheel 8, driven wheel 6, belt 7, torque sensor 9, spindle connecting rod 4, spindle 5, upper sample holder 12, positioning pin 13, upper sample 14, and bolt 17. The lower specimen loading and fixing support system is used to realize the installation, support and loading of the specimen, including: axial loading lifting platform 28, lower specimen mounting seat 24, and lower specimen 23. The liquid medium supply and circulation system is used to supply and circulate the slurry medium in the friction area and inside the medium box. It includes: medium box 22, liquid level sensor 18, pressure sensor 19, annular diversion channel 21, radial liquid outlet 20, medium box gas-liquid universal pipe 33, pressure chamber electromagnetic switching three-way valve 36, medium box main liquid supply pipe 46, solenoid valve II 47, storage tank 50, drive motor 48, stirring blade 49, solenoid valve I 2, axial liquid supply pipe 3, built-in miniature liquid level sensor 15, axial liquid supply pipe outlet 16, and reusable sealing cover 11. The sample cleaning and drying system is used to clean and dry the samples after testing. It includes an annular cleaning chamber 45, a lateral moving telescopic mechanism 38, a vertical lifting mechanism 37, an inward tilting nozzle 44, an adjustable spray area external nozzle 42, a main pipe 43, a gas-liquid electromagnetic switching three-way valve 39, an air supply pipe 35, an air compressor 34, a water supply pipe 32, a high-pressure pump 31, and a telescopic pipe 41.

[0048] The waste liquid collection and discharge system is used to collect and treat the waste liquid generated during the test. It includes a media box drain outlet 25, an electromagnetic drain valve 26, a media box drain pipe 27, a cleaning chamber drain outlet 40, a cleaning chamber drain pipe 30, and a main drain pipe 29.

[0049] As attached Figure 1As shown, the control module 1 is connected to the servo motor 10, drive motor 48, torque sensor 9, built-in miniature liquid level sensor 15, liquid level sensor 18, pressure sensor 19, solenoid valve I2, solenoid valve II47, solenoid drain valve 26, pressure chamber solenoid switching three-way valve 36, gas-liquid solenoid switching three-way valve 39, air compressor 34, high-pressure pump 31, and axial loading lifting platform 28. It is used for precise closed-loop speed control of the start / stop and rotation speed of the servo motor 10, thereby simulating working conditions under different tunneling speeds. It is also used for the lifting and lowering of the axial loading lifting platform 28 and the control of contact pressure, specifically controlling the contact stress state of the upper sample 14 and the lower sample 23. The control module 1 can receive monitoring signals from the above sensors in real time. Specifically, it receives the torque signal from the torque sensor 9 to monitor real-time frictional resistance, and receives the liquid level signals from the built-in miniature liquid level sensor 15 and liquid level sensor 18 to determine the friction area and medium. The slurry coverage state within the slurry cavity is monitored by receiving pressure signals from pressure sensor 19 to assess the stability of the high-pressure environment. Based on the feedback data generated by the monitoring signals, the internal logic of control module 1 coordinates the opening and closing states of the solenoid valve assembly. By adjusting the opening and closing of solenoid valve I2 and solenoid valve II47, dynamic liquid replenishment through multiple channels is achieved. The on / off state of solenoid drain valve 26 is controlled to achieve automatic discharge of waste liquid. The flow channels of solenoid switching three-way valve 36 and gas-liquid solenoid switching three-way valve 39 in the pressure chamber are controlled to achieve autonomous conversion of gas and liquid media. The dynamic air supply and pressure replenishment of air compressor 34 and the high-pressure water output of high-pressure pump 31 are also linked for control. Through this automated control of signal input and actuator output, the coordinated operation and automatic switching of working conditions among the upper sample driving and fixing system, the lower sample loading and fixing support system, the liquid medium supply and circulation system, the sample cleaning and drying system, and the waste liquid collection and discharge system are achieved.

[0050] As attached Figure 1 Appendix Figure 2As shown, the servo motor 10 is fixedly mounted on the frame to provide a stable power source. Specifically, the servo motor 10 can achieve stepless speed regulation and forward / reverse rotation. The extended shaft of the servo motor 10 is connected to a drive pulley 8 via a keyway or coupling. The drive pulley 8 is connected to a driven pulley 6 via a belt 7, thereby efficiently transmitting power to the transmission shaft system through the frictional torque of the belt drive. Furthermore, under overload conditions, belt slippage can provide safety protection for the servo motor 10. The driven pulley 6 is connected to the main shaft 5, thus transmitting the power of the servo motor 10 to the main shaft 5. The main shaft 5 has a cylindrical structure for internal... The main shaft 5 forms a continuous axial space, whose axis is completely coincident with the axis of the driven wheel 6. The main shaft 5 and the driven wheel 6 are fixedly connected by an interference fit or a flat key, achieving synchronous, differential-speed rotation. The main shaft 5 is mounted on a bearing on the frame, and under the radial and axial bidirectional limiting action of the bearing, it cannot move in the vertical axial direction, but can only rotate around its central axis with the belt 7. A torque sensor 9 is installed on the transmission path of the main shaft 5 and maintains a precise coaxial connection with it, used for real-time, high-precision monitoring of the dynamic friction torque experienced by the main shaft 5 during rotational friction. (See attached...) Figure 3 As shown, the upper end of the spindle 5 contacts the spindle connecting rod 4, which also has a cylindrical structure. However, the upper end of the spindle connecting rod 4 is equipped with a closed end cap structure to achieve axial positioning of the upper end of the spindle 5. The lower end of the spindle connecting rod 4 has a high-precision internal thread structure, which is tightened to the corresponding external thread on the outer side of the upper sample holder 12 through a threaded pair. During the tightening process between the upper sample holder 12 and the spindle connecting rod 4 through the threaded pair, the upper sample holder 12 will slowly move upward in the vertical direction along the guiding action of the threaded pair and eventually directly contact the lower end face of the spindle 5. At this time, due to the spindle... The lower end of the upper sample holder 12 is designed to have a physical dimension that is greater than and protrudes beyond the lower edge of the main shaft connecting rod 4, thereby generating axial locking interference. This ensures that during the continuous tightening of the threaded joint, the axial preload of the upper sample holder 12 is fully applied to the end face of the main shaft 5 and firmly clamps the main shaft 5. The strong end-face friction force enables the upper sample holder 12 to be reliably and rigidly fixed on the main shaft 5 and rotate synchronously with it. Through the threaded preload of the upper sample holder 12, the main shaft 5, the main shaft connecting rod 4, and the upper sample holder 12 are rigidly fixed into a single moving physical unit. (See attached...) Figure 1 and attached Figure 4 As shown, the upper sample holder 12 is provided with circumferentially distributed positioning pins 13 and bolt holes for fastening; the upper sample 14 is set in the mounting slot of the upper sample holder 12, and is accurately positioned and shear force transmitted by inserting the positioning pins 13 into the corresponding pin holes, and then fastened to the upper sample holder 12 by bolts 17 passing through the bolt holes, thereby eliminating the relative motion degrees of freedom in all directions, so that the upper sample 14 can rotate synchronously with the main shaft 5 with extreme stability.

[0051] As attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 As shown, the axial loading lifting platform 28 is located at the bottom of the frame, and the lower sample mounting base 24 is located on the upper surface of the axial loading lifting platform 28 and rigidly connected to it. This allows the lower sample mounting base 24 to perform high-precision synchronous lifting and loading movements with the axial loading lifting platform 28 in the vertical axial direction. The axial movement control of the lifting platform provides controlled axial contact pressure to the friction interface; as shown in the attached figure. Figure 2 and attached Figure 5 As shown, a dedicated positioning cavity is provided in the middle of the lower sample mounting base 24 for mounting the lower sample 23 and spatially positioning it. The lower sample 23 is preferably a square block structure. Compared to traditional ring-shaped samples, the square structure makes it easier to obtain dense and complete rock samples during the preparation process using natural rock. This greatly reduces the physical disturbance and damage to the original microstructure of the rock caused by mechanical cutting. Simultaneously, the square sample has a larger effective frictional contact area and stable end-face bearing characteristics, which is beneficial for improving the stability and data repeatability of friction and wear tests, and significantly facilitates the rapid clamping and positioning of the lower sample 23 within the mounting base and its replacement after wear testing. (See attached...) Figure 1 and attached Figure 5 As shown, the lower sample mounting base 24 is constrained in the circumferential direction to forcibly cut off its degree of freedom of rotation around the axis, thereby preventing it from circumferentially following or slightly rotating under the strong frictional torque caused by the high-speed rotation of the upper sample during the test. This results in a constant, stable, and perfectly aligned relative shear frictional motion relationship between the lower sample 23 and the rotating upper sample 14.

[0052] As attached Figure 2 As shown, the axial loading lifting platform 28 is used to apply a vertical axial load to the end faces of the upper sample 14 and the lower sample 23 during friction. Specific pressure loading parameters are input and set through the control module 1, so that the upper sample 14 and the lower sample 23 reach the preset contact stress condition. During the test, the upper sample 14 rotates at high speed under drive and generates shear relative friction with the stationary lower sample 23, forming a frictional resistance torque opposite to the direction of rotation at the frictional contact interface. Since each transmission component is rigidly fixed, the frictional resistance torque is transmitted to the torque sensor 9 through the upper sample seat 12, the main shaft connecting rod 4, and the main shaft 5. The torque sensor 9 converts the real-time monitored microscopic torque physical signal into an electrical signal and transmits it to the control module 1. The control module 1 filters and processes the received torque signal to obtain real-time dynamic frictional torque data between the upper sample 14 and the lower sample 23, which is used to characterize the frictional state between the two samples under specific conditions and facilitates in-depth analysis of the friction and wear behavior of the upper sample 14 and the lower sample 23.

[0053] As attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 As shown, the bottom of the inner cylindrical surface of the media box 22 has an internal thread structure, and the outer cylindrical surface of the lower sample mounting base 24 has a matching external thread structure. The media box 22 is vertically tightened onto the lower sample mounting base 24 via a threaded connection, thus forming a test chamber containing slurry or other media within the closed annular space formed by the combination of the two components. To completely prevent slurry leakage from the bottom assembly gap under high pressure, a leak-proof material is wrapped around the threaded surface of the bottom threaded connection. The leak-proof material is preferably a sealing tape, which is deformed and filled with micro-gaps by the axial extrusion force during thread tightening, achieving a highly reliable static seal. The top of the outer cylindrical surface of the media box 22 has an external thread, and the inner cylindrical surface of the reused sealing cover 11 has a fully matching internal thread. During friction testing, the reused sealing cover 11 is rotated and installed on the upper end face of the media box 22 via the top threaded connection to seal the upper opening of the media box 22, thereby providing sealing conditions for the subsequent formation of a controlled high-pressure gas-liquid pressure environment inside the media box 22. Figure 2 As shown, a through hole matching the outer diameter of the main shaft 5 is provided at the central axis position of the reuse seal cover 11. The reuse seal cover 11 achieves a slight clearance fit with the outer wall of the main shaft 5 through the through hole. This clearance fit design ensures, on the one hand, that the main shaft 5 can rotate freely at high speed without friction interference relative to the static reuse seal cover 11 in terms of mechanical structure. On the other hand, it allows the reuse seal cover 11 to slide freely up and down along the vertical axis of the main shaft 5 after the top thread lock is released. This not only ensures that the reuse seal cover 11 can be smoothly aligned downwards and tightened onto the media box 22 during installation, but also provides axial space for dynamic displacement during subsequent working condition switching.

[0054] As attached Figure 2 and attached Figure 5As shown, the medium box 22 has a unique annular cylindrical structure, with its inner and outer cylindrical walls integrally formed to create a hollow annular wall. An annular flow channel 21 is completely formed along the circumference near the upper edge of the annular wall, utilizing the annular cavity of this channel to uniformly regulate the flow of the incoming medium. The annular flow channel 21 is directly interconnected with multiple radial outlet holes 20 penetrating the inner cylindrical wall. These radial outlet holes 20 are evenly distributed along the circumference, used to distribute the fluid medium entering the medium box 22 at equal pressure in the circumference, and to uniformly flow out towards the central axis through each radial outlet hole 20, ensuring that the friction surface of the lower sample 23 is evenly covered with slurry in all directions. One end of the gas-liquid universal pipe 33 is firmly connected to the medium box 22 and ultimately connected to the annular diversion channel 21. The gas-liquid universal pipe 33 is preferably a flexible pipe with a stretchable structure (such as a corrugated pipe or a high-pressure spring hose) with excellent pressure resistance and adaptive deformation characteristics. Its spatial physical length can change accordingly with the lifting and lowering movement of the axial loading lifting platform 28 to actively compensate for the displacement of the medium box 22 in the vertical axial direction, avoid the rigid pipe connection from breaking due to rigid impact, and thus ensure the absolute continuity of the pipeline connection, the smooth flow of fluid and the high-pressure sealing during the dynamic movement of the medium box 22. The other end of the gas-liquid universal pipe 33 is connected to the pressure chamber electromagnetic switching three-way valve 36.

[0055] As attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 As shown, the storage tank 50 is fixed to the upper end of the frame as a centralized pre-storage center for the slurry. A stirring blade 49 is installed at the bottom axial position of the storage tank 50. The stirring blade 49 is rigidly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor 48. The drive motor 48 is electrically connected to the control module 1, which controls the start / stop, steering, and speed adjustment to adapt to the mixing requirements of different media. The storage tank 50 stores a certain amount of pre-mixed slurry medium for the slurry shield tunneling machine. During rotation, the stirring blade 49 generates strong axial and radial fluid circulation to continuously stir the slurry medium, ensuring it remains uniformly mixed throughout the testing cycle. This reduces stratification or deposition of solid particles, thereby improving the physical homogeneity and rheological stability of the slurry during use. (See attached diagram.) Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 As shown, the bottom of the storage tank 50 is connected to the shaft supply pipe 3 and the main supply pipe 46 of the medium box respectively. The shaft supply pipe 3 is controlled by solenoid valve I2 to open and close the pipeline, and the main supply pipe 46 of the medium box is controlled by solenoid valve II 47 to open and close the pipeline. Solenoid valve I2 and solenoid valve II 47 have a pressurization function, that is, they can make the slurry have a certain preset pressure when flowing in the pipeline through the active pressurization mechanism inside the valve body, so as to ensure that the slurry can enter the medium box 22.

[0056] As attached Figure 2 As shown, the friction test between the upper sample 14 and the lower sample 23 is a high-speed rotating friction condition. Before the two friction samples rotate relative to each other, a relatively stable slurry medium layer can be maintained between their static contact surfaces. However, once the rotational friction occurs, the slurry at the friction interface will be rapidly thrown outward from the friction contact core area in the radial or tangential direction under the action of centrifugal force caused by high-speed rotation. If there is no continuous slurry replenishment, the wear test environment of the upper sample 14 and the lower sample 23 will change (such as dry friction or low slurry friction), thus failing to meet the real test requirements of slurry shield tunneling. Therefore, the entire test device adopts a multi-channel coordinated replenishment mode with central liquid supply as the main method and circumferential liquid supply as the auxiliary method to completely overcome the centrifugal liquid throwing defect.

[0057] As attached Figure 2 As shown, the central liquid supply is achieved through the axial liquid supply pipe 3. Through holes are opened in the middle of the end cap at the upper end of the main shaft connecting rod 4, the center of the upper sample holder 12, and the center of the upper sample 14. The axial liquid supply pipe 3 passes axially through the through holes and extends into the interior of the upper sample 14. Finally, the slurry continuously replenishes the central area of ​​the contact surface between the upper sample 14 and the lower sample 23 through the axial liquid supply pipe 3. The axial liquid supply pipe 3 and the solenoid valve I2 constitute the central liquid supply channel. Under high-speed rotation, although the slurry is continuously thrown away by the high-speed centrifugal force, it is still replenished by the axial liquid supply pipe 3, thus ensuring the slurry wetting environment between the contact surfaces of the upper sample 14 and the lower sample 23 under high-speed rotation conditions, ensuring that the wear test conditions remain constant. (See attached...) Figure 4 As shown, the axial liquid supply pipe 3 is equipped with a built-in miniature liquid level sensor 15 at its end. The built-in miniature liquid level sensor 15 is flush with the outlet 16 of the axial liquid supply pipe. The built-in miniature liquid level sensor 15 is used to monitor the actual liquid level height inside the friction contact area in real time and transmit the detection signal to the control module 1 in real time. The control module 1 performs precise closed-loop control on the opening and closing of the solenoid valve I2 according to the feedback liquid level signal, so as to realize the automatic dynamic adjustment of the liquid level height of the liquid medium in the central area of ​​the friction contact area.

[0058] As attached Figure 1 Appendix Figure 2 and attached Figure 5 As shown, circumferential liquid supply is achieved through the main liquid supply pipe 46 of the medium box. The main liquid supply pipe 46 of the medium box is connected to the inlet end of the pressure chamber electromagnetic switching three-way valve 36. The control module 1 controls the switching of the pressure chamber electromagnetic switching three-way valve 36 to determine whether to supply slurry to the gas-liquid universal pipe 33 of the medium box. The slurry enters the annular diversion channel 21 under the action of the solenoid valve II and flows out through the radial liquid outlet 20, thereby determining whether to supply circumferential slurry to the medium box 22. (See attached diagram) Figure 2As shown, to simulate the high-pressure gas phase or pressure chamber environment during tunneling, the pressure chamber electromagnetic switching three-way valve 36 can cut off the slurry passage and connect to the air supply pipe 35 by switching states. The high-pressure gas in the air supply pipe 35 is supplied by the air compressor 34. At this time, the circumferential liquid supply function is changed to the circumferential air supply condition, that is, the slurry passage of the main liquid supply pipe 46 of the medium box has been physically cut off. The high-pressure gas is pressed into the internal chamber through the medium box gas-liquid universal pipe 33, the annular diversion channel 21 and the radial liquid outlet 20 to simulate the controlled gas pressure environment in the medium box 22; since the slurry passage of the main liquid supply pipe 46 of the medium box is physically cut off, the high-pressure gas is pressed into the internal chamber through the medium box gas-liquid universal pipe 33, the annular diversion channel 21 and the radial liquid outlet 20 to simulate the controlled gas pressure environment in the medium box 22; since the slurry passage of the main liquid supply pipe 3 is executed at this time... The central liquid supply mode remains independent and continuously operating, thus simultaneously constructing a multi-phase coupled composite friction and wear test environment of slurry and air pressure at the friction interface. To ensure the stability of the high-pressure environment inside the cavity, a high-elasticity wear-resistant sealing ring is embedded in the gap between the central through hole of the reused sealing cover 11 and the outer wall of the main shaft 5 to minimize the leakage rate of high-pressure gas from the rotating contact surface of the main shaft. The air pressure parameters provided by the air compressor 34 can be precisely and steplessly linearly adjusted and dynamically pressurized by the control module 1 according to the actual tunneling conditions and formation pressure requirements.

[0059] As attached Figure 2 As shown, a pressure sensor 19 and a level sensor 18 are installed inside the media box 22. Both the pressure sensor 19 and the level sensor 18 are electrically connected to the control module 1. The pressure sensor 19 is used to monitor the real-time air pressure of the sealed cavity inside the media box 22 with high precision and transmits the pressure signal to the control module 1 in real time. The control module 1 performs closed-loop feedback adjustment of the operating status, exhaust volume, and output power of the air compressor 34 based on the fluctuation value of the pressure signal feedback, so as to achieve precise control of the air pressure inside the media box 22. The level sensor 18 is used to detect the slurry level in the circumferential annular cavity inside the media box 22 and transmits the circumferential level signal to the control module 1. The control module 1 adjusts the opening and closing state of the solenoid valve II 47 with pressure boosting function in real time according to the high and low state of the level signal, so that the slurry in the storage tank 50 is supplied by the main power supply of the media box. Liquid pipe 46 continuously or intermittently pressurizes and replenishes the medium box 22 to maintain a constant circumferential slurry environment. When simulating a high-pressure chamber environment, although a combination of rigid and flexible sealing measures such as sealing rings are used between the reusable sealing cover 11 and the main shaft 5, a small amount of gas leakage will inevitably occur under the dynamic sealing state of the main shaft rotating at high speed. Based on the boundary air pressure drop signal collected and fed back in real time by pressure sensor 19, control module 1 dynamically adjusts the air supply flow rate and replenishment frequency of air compressor 34, controlling the gas supply rate entering the medium box 22 to always be greater than or equal to the leakage rate, thereby forming a continuous dynamic adjustment and replenishment of gas in the cavity, so that the gas pressure inside the medium box 22 is always maintained in a dynamic balance state within the preset range, thereby constructing a high-pressure controlled air pressure friction and wear environment with adjustable pressure and stable waveform.

[0060] As attached Figure 2 As shown, in order to ensure the fluidity of the slurry medium, in addition to performing central and circumferential liquid supply, liquid drainage is also required. The liquid drainage function is mainly realized through the structure of the medium box 22. The lowest point of the bottom of the inner cavity of the medium box 22 is provided with a medium box drain port 25. The medium box drain port 25 is connected to an electromagnetic drain valve 26. The drain end of the electromagnetic drain valve 26 is connected to the medium box drain pipe 27. The end of the medium box drain pipe 27 finally converges and connects to the main drain pipe 29. Liquid drainage can be carried out by gravity or the pumping function of the electromagnetic drain valve 26, so that waste slurry and friction residue can be safely and smoothly discharged to the external waste liquid collection device under the control command.

[0061] As attached Figure 6 As shown, in order to facilitate accurate surface micromorphological characterization and precise weighing of wear on the tested upper sample 14, in-situ automatic cleaning and drying of the upper sample 14 after wear testing is required. This process is mainly completed efficiently by the sample cleaning and drying system. The annular cleaning chamber 45 is fixedly installed on the transverse telescopic mechanism 38. The transverse telescopic mechanism 38 is used to drive the annular cleaning chamber 45 to move horizontally, and the transverse telescopic mechanism 38 has a limiting function. After precise positioning, the central axis of the annular cleaning chamber 45 can be coaxially aligned with the rotation center axis of the upper sample 14 in a stationary state. The transverse telescopic mechanism 38 is installed on the vertical lifting mechanism 37. The vertical lifting mechanism 37 is used to drive the transverse telescopic mechanism 38 and the annular cleaning chamber 45 to move vertically. By rising, it can cover the outer periphery of the upper sample 14, or by falling, it can detach from the upper sample 14 in space, thus conveniently forming an independent cleaning and closed space around the sample in the covered state. As shown in the attached figure Figure 1 As shown, the top of the outer cylindrical surface of the annular cleaning chamber 45 is provided with an external thread structure. This external thread is completely consistent with the external thread on the top of the media box 22. It is used to connect and tighten with the internal thread inside the reuse sealing cover 11. By tightening the reuse sealing cover 11 downwards, a full-closure seal is achieved at the upper opening of the annular cleaning chamber 45, thereby preventing the cleaning liquid from splashing outwards and contaminating the test bench during the high-pressure spray cleaning process. That is, the reuse sealing cover 11 is a multi-functional general-purpose component. It can be threadedly sealed to the media box 22 to construct a pressure friction environment, and it can also be threadedly sealed to the annular cleaning chamber 45 after the working conditions are switched to construct a closed cleaning and drying environment.

[0062] The main pipe 43 has two fluid branches inside the annular cleaning chamber 45. One branch extends into the hollow area inside the annular cleaning chamber 45, and its end is connected to an inward-angled nozzle 44. The inward-angled nozzle 44 is specifically used for in-situ spray cleaning and high-pressure drying of the upper sample 14 above it. The spray axis of the inward-angled nozzle 44 is spatially installed at a specific angle downward towards the center, which is highly targeted to ensure that the high-pressure cleaning water and drying gas are precisely aimed at the wear micro-areas on the end face of the upper sample 14 for powerful spraying. During the spray cleaning or air drying process, the main shaft 5 drives the upper sample 14 to rotate at a low speed. Through the combined action of centrifugal force and tilting spray force, the entire outer periphery and end face of the upper sample 14 are uniformly cleaned circumferentially, achieving a highly efficient in-situ cleaning effect without blind spots or dead angles. Another branch of the main tube 43 extends downward to the outer bottom side of the annular cleaning chamber 45. The end of this outer branch is connected to an adjustable spray area external nozzle 42, which is spatially located in the middle of the annular cleaning chamber 45. The extended line directly below the mandrel is used for independent cleaning and drying of the stationary lower sample 23 vertically downwards during cleaning. The spray diffusion area and jet angle of the adjustable external nozzle 42 can be adjusted according to the actual geometric dimensions of the lower sample 23 being tested, so as to achieve full coverage and uniform cleaning and drying of the entire friction end face of the lower sample 23 by the cleaning and drying medium. Since the lower sample 23 is always placed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the medium box 22 during testing, and the cylindrical sidewall of the medium box 22 itself has a considerable vertical depth to form a natural... The protective enclosure ensures that when the system is in the cleaning phase, the high-pressure cleaning water sprayed downwards from the adjustable external nozzle 42 in the upper spray area is confined within the medium box 22 by the physical barrier of its deep inner wall, preventing it from splashing outwards onto the test bench. Furthermore, the cleaning wastewater after rinsing will automatically and dynamically converge under the natural gravity flow and drain away from the medium box drain outlet 25 at the bottom of the medium box 22. Therefore, structurally, there is no need to add an extra cover to the lower sample 23 or construct a separate independent cleaning enclosure, simplifying the automated cleaning mechanical structure on the lower sample side.

[0063] As attached Figure 6As shown, the bottom of the annular cleaning chamber 45 is designed as an asymmetrical inclined structure tilted to one side, thereby utilizing the principle of gravity flow to allow the cleaning waste liquid containing rock powder and residue generated during high-pressure cleaning of the sample 14 to flow by gravity and quickly collect to the lowest position of the bottom surface, preventing wastewater from stagnating at the bottom of the chamber. A cleaning chamber drain outlet 40 penetrating the chamber wall is provided at the lowest point of the bottom of the annular cleaning chamber 45. The outlet of the cleaning chamber drain outlet 40 is connected to the flexible cleaning chamber drain pipe 30. As the cleaning chamber drain pipe 30 extends downward, it merges with the media box drain pipe 27 at the spatial intersection. After merging, it is connected to the main drain pipe 29, and finally all cleaning waste liquid and friction residue are collected and discharged into the external waste liquid collection device through the main drain pipe 29.

[0064] As attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 6 As shown, in order to provide cleaning liquid or high-pressure gas to the main pipe 43, the main pipe 43 extends laterally from the cylindrical side wall of the annular cleaning chamber 45. Its input end is firmly connected to the output port of the gas-liquid electromagnetic switching three-way valve 39. The gas-liquid electromagnetic switching three-way valve 39 is installed inside the lateral moving telescopic mechanism 38, but it will not move horizontally synchronously with the advancement of the lateral moving telescopic mechanism 38. The other two input ends of the gas-liquid electromagnetic switching three-way valve 39 are respectively connected to the water supply pipe 32 and the air supply pipe 35. The water supply pipe 32 is arranged longitudinally inside the vertical lifting mechanism 37. The water inlet end of the water supply pipe 32 extends further downward and is firmly connected to the output end of the high-pressure pump 31. The suction end of the high-pressure pump 31 is further connected to an external water source or water tank, and the high-pressure pump 31 is fixedly installed on the frame. The air supply pipe 35 Highly flexible and resilient flexible pipes are selected to actively adapt to the horizontal lateral extension and retraction of the lateral movement telescopic mechanism 38 and the vertical lifting and lowering of the vertical lifting mechanism 37, avoiding tearing and breakage during mechanical movement. The air inlet of the air supply pipe 35 is connected to the air compressor 34, which is rigidly fixed on the frame. The high-pressure gas output from the air compressor 34 can be switched between the gas-liquid electromagnetic switching three-way valve 39 and the pressure chamber electromagnetic switching three-way valve 36 to supply gas to the main pipe 43 and the gas-liquid universal pipe 33 of the medium box under different working conditions. Among them, the gas supply to the main pipe 43 is to generate a high-speed airflow to dry the sample 14 after cleaning, while the gas supply to the gas-liquid universal pipe 33 of the medium box is to quickly accumulate pressure in the sealed chamber during the friction test to achieve a controlled air pressure friction test environment.

[0065] As attached Figure 6As shown, during the in-situ automatic cleaning of the upper sample 14 and the lower sample 23, the control module 1 issues a switching command to control the internal flow channel of the gas-liquid electromagnetic switching three-way valve 39, connecting the fluid circuit of the main pipe 43 and the water supply pipe 32. Simultaneously, the high-pressure pump 31, fixed on the frame, is activated to draw external water. The high-speed, high-pressure delivery of the cleaning liquid along the pipeline causes it to flow rapidly and ultimately split into two streams: one from the inward-angled nozzle 44 located inside the annular cleaning chamber 45, and the other from the adjustable external nozzle 42 in the spray area at the bottom, which powerfully ejects high-energy jets to specifically clean the slowly rotating upper sample 14 and the stationary lower sample 23. After the preset cleaning time is reached, the control module 1 automatically shuts off. The high-pressure pump 31 is shut off to cut off the water supply, and the internal flow channel of the gas-liquid electromagnetic switching three-way valve 39 is adjusted again to cut off the water path and connect the main pipe 43 and the air supply pipe 35. The pressure chamber electromagnetic switching three-way valve 36 is closed in coordination to completely block the gas circuit leading to the medium box 22. The air compressor 34 is started and running to inject the dried gas into the main pipe 43. The high-speed dried airflow is sprayed out by the inward angle nozzle 44 and the spray area adjustable external nozzle 42. The shearing and evaporation effect of the high-energy airflow is used to quickly blow away and dry the residual cleaning liquid moisture on the friction surfaces of the upper sample 14 and the lower sample 23. This creates a completely dry and interference-free clean testing condition for the subsequent micro-mass weighing and three-dimensional morphology characterization of the samples.

[0066] As attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 6 As shown, the main pipe 43, water supply pipe 32, and cleaning chamber drain pipe 30 are all connected in series with telescopic pipes 41 that can adapt to axial tension and compression. By utilizing the free deformation and length compensation characteristics of the telescopic pipes 41 in the spatial dimension, it can be ensured that the main pipe 43, water supply pipe 32, and cleaning chamber drain pipe 30 can adapt to the corresponding pipeline length tension or compression changes during the horizontal lateral extension and contraction of the horizontal movement telescopic mechanism 38 and the vertical lifting mechanism 37. Thus, through this multi-dimensional flexible compensation structure, it can adapt to the large-scale dynamic changes in the position of the annular cleaning chamber 45 in three-dimensional space. While completely eliminating the pipeline shear and tensile stress caused by mechanical movement, it can always maintain the high-pressure sealing and connection continuity of the multiphase flow pipeline under complex working conditions.

[0067] As attached Figure 6 As shown, the cleaning fluid is preferably inexpensive and readily available ordinary tap water. When dealing with highly viscous or strongly adsorbent special slurries, a specialized cleaning fluid containing surfactants or chemical descaling agents of a certain concentration can also be manually prepared according to actual decontamination needs. The slurry composition in the storage tank 50 is configured with reference to the typical slurry ratio used in the actual construction and slag transportation process of a slurry shield tunneling machine. (See attached...) Figure 7As shown, the preferred material for sample 14 is the cutterhead, cutter ring, and slag discharge pipe material that comes into direct contact with mud and rock debris in the tunneling machine. To ensure the friction and wear test results have the greatest engineering guidance value, the materials used should be sampled directly from the construction site. Alternatively, they can be custom-manufactured by external suppliers in strict accordance with technical standards, but their core mechanical properties and materials must be completely consistent with the actual materials of the mechanical components on the tunneling machine at the site; as shown in the attached... Figure 7 As shown, the upper sample 14 has an inverted cylindrical structure in terms of geometry. Three through holes are opened at the top of the upper sample 14. The central hole, located at the geometric center, is specifically for the frictionless downward injection of liquid into the axial liquid supply pipe 3. The other two holes, located on either side of the central hole, are for the locating pin 13 and bolt 17 to pass through, respectively, to achieve a rigid anti-rotation positioning connection with the upper sample holder 12; as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 8 As shown, the lower sample 23 is designed as a blocky square sample with a certain thickness. Its bottom and side dimensions are precisely machined so that it can be snapped into the special square limiting groove of the lower sample mounting base 24 to achieve multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical constraint. Since this device is designed to simulate the machine-rock friction and wear test of the tunnel boring machine, the material of the lower sample 23 is preferably the most common rock material in the strata of the tunnel boring machine, such as high-hardness granite and highly abrasive pebbles. These rock samples can be directly sampled and cut from the tunnel excavation site, or they can be entrusted to professional suppliers to carry out precise rock dynamic sampling and standardized mechanical manufacturing according to standard dimensions.

[0068] The testing method for this testing device is attached. Figure 9 As shown, the details are as follows: (1) Sample preparation: Based on the actual needs of the machine-rock friction wear test of the tunnel boring machine, materials corresponding to the actual tunnel excavation conditions are selected to make the upper sample 14 and the lower sample 23. The upper sample 14 can be selected from the cutter ring, cutterhead panel or slurry conveying pipeline material of the tunnel boring machine, and the core mechanical properties of hardness, impact toughness and fracture toughness after processing must be completely consistent with the actual components in the actual tunneling project; the lower sample 23 is selected from hard rock materials with representative strata and mechanically cut to simulate the actual rock mass environment that comes into direct contact with the upper sample 14 in the actual tunneling. The upper specimen 14 is machined into an inverted cylindrical hollow structure. Its outermost diameter is designed to be smaller than the side length of the square upper surface of the lower specimen 23. This geometrically ensures that during subsequent rotational friction, the bottom friction surface of the upper specimen 14 maintains complete contact with the flat upper surface of the lower specimen 23. As preferred geometric parameters, the outer diameter of the upper specimen 14 is set between 30 and 40 mm, and the thickness between 2 and 5 mm. This range ensures sufficient test contact area and frictional axial load strength while effectively balancing the structural strength of the specimen and its dynamic balance stability during high-speed rotation. Correspondingly, the lower specimen 23 is machined into a block-shaped square specimen, preferably with a side length of 60 mm and an overall thickness of 20 mm. This provides stable load-bearing conditions and helps maintain the original mechanical properties of the rock material, while also facilitating standardized preparation and repeated testing. The dimensional matching between the upper specimen 14 and the lower specimen 23 significantly reduces system mechanical vibration caused by microscopic inhomogeneities at the friction interface and imbalances during high-speed rotation, improving the stability of the testing process and the reliability of the data. After completing the geometric machining of the samples, preferably, the friction contact surfaces of the upper sample 14 and the lower sample 23 are finely polished using high-grit sandpaper or a grinding machine. Then, they are placed in an ultrasonic cleaner for thorough cleaning and drying to completely remove residual cutting fluid, machining oil, and microscopic impurities from the surface. Finally, before the test begins, the dried upper sample 14 and lower sample 23 are weighed separately using a high-precision electronic balance, and their initial mass data are recorded in detail as a basis for comparison in subsequent wear analysis.

[0069] (2) Sample installation and medium box sealing: This includes the installation and fixing of the upper sample 14 and the lower sample 23, as well as the sealing installation of the medium box 22. The upper sample 14 is placed in the upper sample holder 12, and is positioned and prevented from rotating by the positioning pin 13 on the upper sample holder 12, and is tightened and fixed by bolts 17; then, the upper sample holder 12, which is already connected to the upper sample 14, is screwed onto the main shaft connecting rod 4 by threads to complete the assembly of the upper sample. Subsequently, the lower sample 23 is placed in the dedicated limiting groove of the lower sample mounting base 24, and the medium box 22 is installed on the lower sample mounting base 24 by means of threaded connection. Before tightening the installation, in order to prevent the high pressure slurry from leaking out, it is necessary to evenly wrap the sealing tape around the external thread of the outer cylindrical surface of the lower sample mounting base 24, and then align and tighten the medium box 22. Next, the gas-liquid universal pipe 33 of the medium box is connected to the medium box 22, and the drain pipe 27 of the medium box is connected to the drain port 25 of the medium box at the bottom. Finally, the load parameters required for the friction contact of the two samples are preset in the control module 1, and the axial loading lifting platform 28 is controlled to rise smoothly until the friction surfaces of the upper sample 14 and the lower sample 23 are fully pressed into contact. At this time, the reused sealing cover 11 is moved along the main shaft 5 to the upper end of the medium box 22 and installed by means of threaded connection with the medium box 22.

[0070] (3) Friction environment settings: including slurry environment, air pressure environment and slurry-air pressure composite wear environment.

[0071] To simulate the machine-rock contact friction and wear test of a tunneling machine in a slurry environment, the slurry environment needs to be set. Slurry environment: Select the slurry environment in control module 1. At this time, the built-in micro liquid level sensor 15 and the liquid level sensor 18 in the medium box 22 start working and monitor the signal transmitted to control module 1. Control module 1 opens solenoid valve I2 and solenoid valve II47. The slurry medium in the storage tank 50 flows through solenoid valve I2, through the axial supply pipe 3, and is injected from the outlet 16 of the axial supply pipe into the friction contact area of ​​the two samples, achieving central supply and ensuring that a stable slurry environment is maintained between the contact surfaces of the upper sample 14 and the lower sample 23 during high-speed rotation friction. Simultaneously, under the control of solenoid valve II47, the slurry medium in the storage tank 50 flows sequentially through the main supply pipe 46 of the medium box and the pressure chamber solenoid switching three-way valve 36. At this time, the pressure chamber solenoid switching three-way valve 36 maintains the connection between the main supply pipe 46 of the medium box and the gas in the medium box. With the liquid universal pipe 33 connected, the slurry enters the medium box 22 through the gas-liquid universal pipe 33. It then flows evenly into various areas of the medium box 22 circumferentially through the annular diversion channel 21 and multiple radial outlet holes 20 on the inner wall of the medium box 22, ensuring that the upper sample 14 and lower sample 23 are fully immersed in the slurry medium, achieving circumferential liquid supply. Simultaneously, the electromagnetic drain valve 26 at the bottom is also appropriately opened to form a circulation path. Once the liquid level in the sample contact area and within the medium box 22 reaches the set range, the servo motor 10 is activated to drive the spindle 5 to rotate, officially beginning the friction and wear test. During the test, the built-in micro liquid level sensor 15 transmits signals to the control module 1 based on liquid level changes, thereby controlling the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve I2. Similarly, the liquid level sensor 18 within the medium box 22 also controls the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve II47, working in conjunction with the electromagnetic drain valve 26 to achieve continuous circulation of the slurry medium.

[0072] To simulate the machine-rock contact friction and wear test of a tunneling machine under air pressure, the air pressure environment needs to be set. Air pressure environment: Selecting the air pressure environment in control module 1 will automatically close solenoid valve I2, solenoid valve II47, the gas-liquid solenoid switching three-way valve 39, and the bottom solenoid drain valve 26, cutting off all liquid passages to prepare for the subsequent construction of a sealed pressurized space. Then, the target pressure inside the medium box 22 is set in control module 1, and the pressurization function is activated. At this time, the pressure chamber solenoid switching three-way valve 36 switches to the pressurization path, connecting the air supply pipe 35 to the gas-liquid universal pipe 33 of the medium box. The pressure sensor 19 located inside the medium box 22 begins to feed back the real-time pressure signal to control module 1. Control module 1 then adjusts the pressure signal according to the target set value and the actual pressure. The feedback difference is calculated and the air compressor 34 is controlled to operate. The generated stable high-pressure gas is output through the air supply pipe 35, and then flows through the pressure chamber electromagnetic switching three-way valve 36 and the medium box gas-liquid universal pipe 33 in sequence, and finally injected into the sealed medium box 22, thereby achieving precise pressurization of the inside of the medium box 22. When the air pressure reaches the set air pressure environment, the servo motor 10 can be started to drive the spindle 5 to rotate with the upper sample 14, and the machine-rock friction and wear test under high air pressure environment can begin. During the entire test operation, the pressure sensor 19 can monitor the air pressure in the box in real time, so that when the control module 1 detects that the pressure drops due to leakage, it can sensitively control the air compressor 34 to dynamically replenish the air, and always maintain the test environment at a constant air pressure state.

[0073] To simulate the machine-rock contact friction and wear test of a tunneling machine under a slurry-air pressure composite environment, a slurry-air pressure composite environment needs to be set. In the slurry-air pressure composite environment, selecting this environment in control module 1 causes the system to automatically close solenoid valves I2 and II47, and the gas-liquid solenoid switching three-way valve 39. Subsequently, the pressure chamber solenoid switching three-way valve 36 automatically switches to the pressurization path. The target air pressure value inside the medium box 22 is set in control module 1, and the pressurization function is activated. To ensure a stable preset air pressure, the pressure sensor 19 needs to constantly transmit the monitored pressure signal to control module 1, and the control algorithm dynamically adjusts the operating speed of the air compressor 34 in real time. The system maintains a constant air pressure environment inside the chamber. Once the air pressure inside the chamber is stabilized at the preset pressure, the control module 1 controls the solenoid valve I2. Since the solenoid valve I2 has a pressurization function for the slurry, its output pressure is greater than the reverse air pressure inside the chamber. Therefore, even in the presence of a high air pressure resistance environment inside, it can ensure that the slurry is finally injected into the contact surface between the upper sample 14 and the lower sample 23 through the axial supply pipe 3, realizing the pressure injection of the friction area. During this period, the liquid level in the friction area is monitored in real time by the built-in micro liquid level sensor 15. After the set liquid level is reached, the servo motor 10 is started to perform the test, realizing the knife-rock friction and wear test under the slurry-air pressure composite environment.

[0074] (4) Friction and wear test: After the sample installation and friction environment setting are completed, the control module 1 is started and the servo motor 10 is driven to run. The upper sample 14 is rotated through the spindle 5. Under the axial load provided by the axial loading lifting platform 28, the upper sample 14 and the lower sample 23 are in close contact and relative friction is generated under the axial load. During the test, the control module 1 collects and records the friction time, the rotation speed and the actual number of rotations of the upper sample 14 in real time. It also collects the axial contact load, the real-time friction torque monitored by the torque sensor 9 and the internal pressure parameters of the medium box 22 monitored by the pressure sensor 19. All parameters are displayed and stored in real time on the system interface. When the test reaches the preset time or the set working condition, the control module 1 automatically controls the servo motor 10 to stop running, so that the spindle 5 stops rotating. Then, the control module 1 processes the collected data, calculates the number of friction revolutions and the sliding distance according to the recorded rotation speed and number of rotations, and calculates the friction coefficient by combining the contact load obtained by the test and the friction torque detected by the torque sensor 9.

[0075] (5) Sample cleaning and drying: After the friction and wear test, the axial loading lifting platform 28 is lowered to its lowest position; then, the transverse moving telescopic mechanism 38 is driven by the control module 1 to move, and the limiting function of the transverse moving telescopic mechanism 38 is used to move the annular cleaning chamber 45 directly below the upper sample 14, and the annular cleaning chamber 45 is smoothly raised by the vertical lifting mechanism 37, so that the upper sample 14 is completely inside the annular cleaning chamber 45. Then, the reusable sealing cover 11 is sealed to the annular cleaning chamber 45 by threaded connection; after setting the cleaning and drying time parameters in the control module 1, the cleaning mode is started. When the gas-liquid electromagnetic switching three-way valve 39 automatically switches to the water supply path, connecting the main pipe 43 with the water supply pipe 32, the high-pressure water, after being pressurized by the high-pressure pump 31, flows sequentially through the water supply pipe 32 and the gas-liquid electromagnetic switching three-way valve 39 into the main pipe 43, and is then distributed to the adjustable external spray head 42 and the inward tilting spray head 44 in the spray area. During the cleaning process, the control module 1 controls the servo motor 10 to maintain low-speed operation, which drives the upper sample 14 to rotate slowly by the main shaft 5. The inward tilting spray head 44 sprays the rotating upper sample 14 in all directions for cleaning, while the adjustable external spray head 42 sprays the lower sample 23 below for cleaning and rinsing. Residual impurities and rock debris on the surface; waste liquid generated during the cleaning process is collected at the bottom of the annular cleaning chamber 45 to the cleaning chamber drain outlet 40, and discharged through the cleaning chamber drain pipe 30; at the same time, waste liquid in the medium box 22 is also discharged through the medium box drain outlet 25 and the solenoid drain valve 26, and merges with the cleaning chamber drain pipe 30 before being discharged into the main drain pipe 29, and finally discharged into the waste liquid collection device; after the set cleaning time is reached, the control module 1 controls the high-pressure pump 31 to stop running to end the water supply, and before the air compressor 34 is started, the control module 1 controls the pressure chamber solenoid switching three-way valve 36 to close, so that the medium box gas-liquid universal pipe 33 is connected to the water supply. The air pipe 35 is disconnected; then the system switches to the air drying mode, and the gas-liquid electromagnetic switching three-way valve 39 switches to the air supply passage, connecting the main pipe 43 with the air supply pipe 35. The air compressor 34 then starts, and high-pressure gas is injected into the main pipe 43 through the air supply pipe 35 and the gas-liquid electromagnetic switching three-way valve 39. The upper sample 14 and the lower sample 23 are dried through the inward-tilting nozzle 44 and the adjustable spray area external nozzle 42, respectively. During the drying process, the upper sample 14 is rotated at a low speed under the drive of the main shaft 5 to ensure uniform drying. After the set drying time is reached, the control module 1 controls the air compressor 34 to stop running, completing the entire in-situ cleaning and drying process.

[0076] (6) Sample disassembly and equipment reset: After cleaning and air drying, manually disconnect the threaded connection between the reuse sealing cover 11 and the annular cleaning chamber 45. Control the horizontal moving telescopic mechanism 38 and the vertical lifting mechanism 37 to reset to the initial position through the control module 1, so that the upper sample 14 is separated from the annular cleaning chamber 45. Then, disassemble the connection between the upper sample seat 12 and the main shaft connecting rod 4, unscrew the bolt 17 and remove the upper sample 14. Then unscrew the medium box 22 from the lower sample mounting seat 24 and take out the lower sample 23 from it for microscopic morphology observation. After the sample disassembly is completed, use a high-precision electronic balance to weigh the upper sample 14 and the lower sample 23 respectively and record the mass data after the test. Compare with the initial mass before the test to calculate the mass loss. Finally, complete the saving and export of the whole test data in the control module 1, stop the machine and dispose of the waste liquid.

[0077] (7) Observation of morphology and formation of report: The morphology of the friction surfaces of the upper sample 14 and the lower sample 23 is observed and analyzed. The wear morphology characteristics are obtained by using microscopic detection equipment. The mechanical parameters and mass loss recorded in the test are combined for comprehensive comparative analysis to form a complete test report.

[0078] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily implement other structural designs and testing methods of the present invention. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and examples shown herein.

Claims

1. A testing device for machine-rock friction and wear of a tunneling machine in a slurry-pressure environment, characterized in that, include: The upper sample driving and fixing system is used to drive the upper sample (14) to rotate; the lower sample loading and fixing support system is used to install the lower sample (23) and apply axial load. The lower sample (23) remains relatively stationary during the test and forms an end-face rotation friction relationship with the rotating upper sample (14); the liquid medium supply and circulation system is used to supply slurry medium to the friction area and the medium box (22), and adopts a dual-path coordinated liquid supply mode with central liquid supply as the main method and circumferential liquid supply as the auxiliary method; the sample cleaning and drying system is used to clean and dry the sample after the test; the waste liquid collection and discharge system is used to collect and discharge waste liquid. And the control module (1), which connects to and coordinates control with each system; The liquid medium supply and circulation system includes: a axial liquid supply pipe (3) and a solenoid valve I (2) for supplying liquid to the central area of ​​the contact surface between the upper sample (14) and the lower sample (23), forming a central liquid supply channel. The axial liquid supply pipe (3) is an independent liquid supply pipe that passes through the main shaft, the main shaft connecting rod and the center of the upper sample, and its end reaches the central area of ​​the contact surface between the upper sample (14) and the lower sample (23), and is used to continuously replenish the slurry thrown out by centrifugal force to the friction center under high-speed rotation conditions; and is set on the lower sample mounting base. (24) The medium box (22) is provided with an annular diversion channel (21) and multiple radial liquid outlet holes (20) on the inner wall of the medium box (22), forming a circumferential channel. The circumferential channel can uniformly supply liquid and gas to the medium box (22) in the circumferential direction. The medium box gas-liquid universal pipe (33) and the pressure chamber electromagnetic switching three-way valve (36) are connected to the medium box (22). The pressure chamber electromagnetic switching three-way valve (36) is connected to the slurry source and the air pressure source respectively, so as to realize the switching of slurry environment, air pressure environment or slurry-air pressure composite environment.

2. The testing device for machine-rock friction and wear of a tunneling machine in a slurry gas pressure environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper sample drive and fixing system includes a servo motor (10), a drive wheel (8), a driven wheel (6), a belt (7), a main shaft (5), a main shaft connecting rod (4), an upper sample holder (12), a positioning pin (13), and a bolt (17). The main shaft (5) is cylindrical. The upper end of the main shaft connecting rod (4) is provided with an end cap and the lower end is threadedly connected to the upper sample holder (12). The main shaft connecting rod (4), the upper sample holder (12), and the upper sample (14) are provided with through holes along the axial direction for the shaft center liquid supply pipe (3) to pass through. The lower end of the main shaft (5) is larger than the main shaft connecting rod (4) in the axial direction. When the upper sample holder (12) is tightened by the thread, it clamps the lower end of the main shaft (5), so that the main shaft (5), the main shaft connecting rod (4), and the upper sample holder (12) form a whole.

3. The testing device for machine-rock friction and wear of a tunneling machine in a slurry gas pressure environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The medium box (22) is threaded onto the lower sample mounting base (24), and a sealing strip is provided at the connection. A reusable sealing cover (11) is detachably installed on the upper end of the medium box (22). The reusable sealing cover (11) has a through hole in the center that is clearance-fitted with the main shaft (5). The reusable sealing cover (11) is also used to seal the connection with the annular cleaning chamber (45) in the sample cleaning and drying system.

4. The testing device for machine-rock friction and wear of a tunneling machine in a slurry gas pressure environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sample cleaning and drying system includes an annular cleaning chamber (45), a lateral telescopic mechanism (38), a vertical lifting mechanism (37), an inward-angled nozzle (44), an adjustable spray area external nozzle (42), a main pipe (43), a gas-liquid electromagnetic switching three-way valve (39), an air supply pipe (35), an air compressor (34), a water supply pipe (32), a high-pressure pump (31), and a telescopic pipe (41). The annular cleaning chamber (45) is installed on the lateral telescopic mechanism (38), and the lateral telescopic mechanism (38) is installed on the vertical lifting mechanism (37). The main pipe (43) is set on the annular cleaning chamber (45), and is connected to the inward-angled nozzle (44) and the adjustable spray area external nozzle (42) respectively. It is selectively connected to the water supply pipe (32) or the air supply pipe (35) through the gas-liquid electromagnetic switching three-way valve (39).

5. The testing device for machine-rock friction and wear of a tunneling machine in a slurry gas pressure environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the axial liquid supply pipe (3) is equipped with a built-in micro liquid level sensor (15) to monitor the liquid level height in the friction contact area and transmit the signal to the control module (1); the medium box (22) is equipped with a liquid level sensor (18) and a pressure sensor (19) to monitor the slurry liquid level and gas pressure in the medium box (22) respectively and transmit the signal to the control module (1); the control module (1) controls the central liquid supply, circumferential liquid supply and gas pressure adjustment according to the received signal.

6. The testing device for machine-rock friction and wear of a tunneling machine in a slurry gas pressure environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the media box (22) is provided with a media box drain outlet (25), and is connected to an electromagnetic drain valve (26) and a media box drain pipe (27); the bottom of the annular cleaning chamber (45) is inclined, and the lowest point is provided with a cleaning chamber drain outlet (40), and is connected to a cleaning chamber drain pipe (30); the media box drain pipe (27) and the cleaning chamber drain pipe (30) merge and are connected to the main drain pipe (29).

7. The testing device for machine-rock friction and wear of a tunneling machine in a slurry gas pressure environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower sample (23) is a square block structure, and the upper sample (14) is an inverted cylindrical structure. The outer diameter of the upper sample (14) is smaller than the side length of the lower sample (23).

8. A method for testing the friction and wear of a tunneling machine against rock in a slurry-pressure environment, using the apparatus described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1 Sample preparation: Select the material of the tunneling machine cutterhead, cutter or pipe to make the upper sample (14), select the rock material to make the lower sample (23), grind the friction contact surface of the upper sample (14) and the lower sample (23), clean and dry to remove surface impurities, and weigh the sample to record the initial mass. S2 Sample installation and sealing of medium box (22): Fix the upper sample (14) to the upper sample seat (12), and place the lower sample (23) in the lower sample mounting seat (24). Thread the medium box (22) to the lower sample mounting seat (24), set the contact load of the two samples, and after the upper sample (14) and the lower sample (23) come into contact, install the reusable sealing cover (11) on the upper end of the medium box (22) to form a sealed cavity; S3 Friction Environment Setting: When simulating the machine-rock contact friction and wear test of the tunneling machine in a slurry environment, select the slurry environment; when simulating the machine-rock contact friction and wear test of the tunneling machine in a pneumatic environment, select the pneumatic environment; when simulating the machine-rock contact friction and wear test of the tunneling machine in a slurry-pneumatic composite environment, select the slurry-pneumatic composite environment. In the slurry-pneumatic composite environment, first establish a stable pneumatic environment, then turn on the central liquid supply to maintain the slurry environment in the friction area while maintaining the high pressure in the medium box (22); control the central liquid supply, circumferential liquid supply and pneumatic pressure switching through the control module (1) to maintain a stable test environment; S4 Friction and wear test: Start the servo motor (10) to perform friction and wear test, axially load the lifting platform (28) to maintain contact load, and the control module (1) collects friction torque, pressure and liquid level data in real time and calculates the friction coefficient; S5 Sample cleaning and drying: After the test, the sample is cleaned and dried using the sample cleaning and drying system. S6 Sample removal and equipment reset: Manually disconnect the threaded connection between the reuse sealing cover (11) and the annular cleaning chamber (45), and drive the horizontal moving telescopic mechanism (38) and the vertical lifting mechanism (37) to reset to the initial position through the control module (1), so that the upper sample (14) is separated from the annular cleaning chamber (45); then disconnect the connection between the upper sample seat (12) and the main shaft connecting rod (4), and take out the upper sample (14), and then unscrew the medium box (22) from the lower sample mounting seat (24) and take out the lower sample (23); weigh the upper sample (14) and the lower sample (23) respectively and record the mass after the test, and compare it with the initial mass in step S1 to calculate the mass loss; finally, complete the data saving and export in the control module (1), stop the machine and process the waste liquid; S7 Observation Morphology and Formation Report: Morphology analysis of the friction surface of the sample is performed to form a test report.

9. The method for testing the machine-rock friction and wear of a tunneling machine in a slurry gas pressure environment according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S3, when the slurry environment is selected, the central liquid supply and circumferential liquid supply are turned on. The liquid level is controlled by the built-in micro liquid level sensor (15) and the liquid level sensor (18) in the medium box (22) to keep the friction area in the slurry immersion state. When the air pressure environment is selected, all liquid supply channels are closed. High pressure gas is connected through the pressure chamber electromagnetic switching three-way valve (36). The air pressure is controlled by the pressure sensor (19).

10. The method for testing the machine-rock friction and wear of a tunneling machine in a slurry-pressure environment according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S5, during cleaning, the annular cleaning chamber (45) is covered with the sample (14) by the horizontal telescopic mechanism (38) and the vertical lifting mechanism (37), and the top of the annular cleaning chamber (45) is sealed with a reusable sealing cap (11). The high-pressure pump (31) is turned on to supply water, and at the same time, the sample (14) rotates at low speed. The inward-angled nozzle (44) sprays the sample (14) for cleaning, and the adjustable outer nozzle (42) sprays the sample (23) for cleaning. After cleaning, the air supply passage is switched, and the air compressor (34) supplies air for drying.

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