An ultra-wideband high-power microwave radiation field power calculation method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of ultra-wideband high-power microwave radiation field power calculation methods, belong to high-power microwave field.It includes: the time-domain signal of oscilloscope acquisition is carried out FFT transformation, obtains the amplitude of each frequency point;The attenuation amplitude of attenuator, cable in each frequency point in attenuation link is measured, compensates the attenuation of each frequency point, obtains the original signal at receiving antenna;Compensate the spatial path attenuation between transmitting antenna and receiving antenna array center, obtains the EIRP of each frequency point;The EIRP of antenna in each frequency point is summed, obtains the total power of wideband antenna radiation;The electric field distance product of receiving antenna is calculated, as radiation field power.The application comprehensively considers the instability factor influencing ultra-wideband power measurement, uses oscilloscope to record pulse envelope, does not need to calibrate the sensitivity of equipment in advance, can avoid the error introduced when calibrating to some extent, improves the reliability of measurement result.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-power microwaves, and in particular to a method for calculating the power of an ultra-wideband high-power microwave radiation field. Background Technology

[0002] In high-power microwave systems, microwave output power is a crucial parameter characterizing the system's scale and can also be used to determine its operational status. High-power microwaves are characterized by high pulse power, short pulses, low repetition frequencies, and complex modes, introducing numerous errors and uncertainties during measurement. Therefore, microwave power measurement has always been a critical yet challenging technical problem in high-power microwave technology research.

[0003] Currently, there is no accurate measurement method or unified measurement standard for high-power microwave power measurement, either domestically or internationally. Existing literature widely uses radiation-based measurements, which reduce extremely high power to a level that the power indicator can handle. The microwave power calculation method involves obtaining the input power by pre-calibrating the equipment's sensitivity, and then compensating for the total attenuation of the system's attenuation components to obtain the power density at the receiving antenna aperture. However, ultra-wideband high-power microwaves have a wide instantaneous bandwidth, making traditional power calculation models unsuitable. The total attenuation of the measurement system is affected by frequency, and the gain of the broadband antenna also varies with frequency, requiring compensation for attenuation at each frequency point to obtain the microwave output power. There are currently no relevant solutions in the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings mentioned above and provide a method for calculating the power of an ultra-wideband high-power microwave radiation field. This invention comprehensively considers the uncertainties affecting power measurement, while also taking into account the wide instantaneous bandwidth of ultra-wideband high-power microwaves, and performs amplitude compensation on each frequency point of the pulse envelope signal recorded by the oscilloscope. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for prior calibration of the oscilloscope's sensitivity, thereby reducing measurement errors and improving the reliability of the measurement results.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved as follows:

[0006] A method for calculating the power of an ultra-wideband high-power microwave radiation field includes the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Radiate the microwave signal generated by the microwave source through the transmitting antenna, and receive a portion of the microwave signal through the receiving antenna. After passing through cables and attenuators, the signal is sent to an oscilloscope, and the time-domain signal acquired by the oscilloscope is recorded. ;

[0008] Step 2, for the time domain signal conduct Point FFT processing yields the frequency domain signal. , among which, the The frequency of each frequency point is The unit is The amplitude at each frequency point is denoted as , ;

[0009] Step 3: Use a signal generator and spectrum analyzer to measure the attenuation amplitude of the attenuator and cable at various frequency points. ,right Amplitude compensation is performed to obtain the original signal at the receiving antenna. And the amplitude at each frequency point of the receiving antenna. ;

[0010] Step 4: Calculate the power at each frequency point of the receiving antenna. ,in The load impedance of the receiving antenna;

[0011] Step 5: Calculate the equivalent isotropic radiated power of the transmitting antenna at each frequency point:

[0012]

[0013] in, The distance from the center of the transmitting antenna array to the center of the receiving antenna array, in units of ; The effective area of ​​the receiving antenna. For the first The wavelength corresponding to each frequency point, in units of ; For the receiving antenna at the 1st Gain at each frequency point; W represents The unit is watt;

[0014] Step 6: Set the transmitting antenna to each frequency point Summing these values ​​yields the total equivalent isotropic radiated power EIRP of the antenna.

[0015] Step 7, calculate the electric field distance product of the receiving antenna:

[0016]

[0017]

[0018] Where dBV, dBW, V, and W are the units for the corresponding terms; rE p (dBV) and rE p (V) represents the electric field distance product under two different units;

[0019] Electric field distance product This represents the power of the radiated field, enabling the calculation of the power of the ultra-wideband high-power microwave radiated field.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0021] 1. This invention fully considers the wide instantaneous bandwidth of ultra-wideband high-power microwaves, the influence of frequency on the total attenuation of attenuators, cables, etc. in the attenuation link of the measurement system, and the fact that antenna gain also changes with frequency. By compensating for the attenuation and path attenuation at each frequency point, the power of the microwave signal can be effectively obtained.

[0022] 2. This invention uses an oscilloscope to record the pulse envelope waveform, performs FFT processing on the acquired time-domain signal to obtain the frequency-domain signal, and then sequentially performs amplitude compensation on the frequency-domain signal. This method does not require prior calibration of the equipment's sensitivity, i.e., the relationship between the oscilloscope scale and power, which can avoid errors introduced during calibration to a certain extent and improve the reliability of the measurement results. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the measurement system used in the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] A method for calculating the power of an ultra-wideband high-power microwave radiation field, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the measurement system used in this method consists of a receiving antenna, an attenuator, and a high-speed digital oscilloscope connected in sequence, wherein the receiving antenna and the attenuator are connected via a low-loss RF coaxial cable. The method includes the following steps:

[0026] Step 1: A microwave source generates a high-power microwave signal. The transmitting antenna radiates the electromagnetic wave, and the receiving antenna receives a portion of the microwave signal. After passing through cables and attenuators with appropriate attenuation, the signal is sent to an oscilloscope, and the time-domain signal acquired by the oscilloscope is recorded. ;

[0027] Step 2, analyze the time-domain signal acquired by the oscilloscope. conduct Point FFT processing yields the frequency domain signal. , of which The frequency of each frequency point is The amplitude at each frequency point is denoted as ( );

[0028] Step 3: Use a signal generator and spectrum analyzer to measure the attenuation amplitude of the attenuator and cable at various frequency points. ( ),right Amplitude compensation is performed to obtain the original signal at the receiving antenna. The amplitude at each frequency point is ( );

[0029] Step 4: Calculate the power at each frequency point based on the amplitude. ( ),in For the receiving antenna load impedance, ;

[0030] Step 5, the distance between the center of the transmitting antenna array and the center of the receiving antenna array is (Unit is) By compensating for spatial path attenuation, the equivalent isotropic radiated power of the antenna at each frequency can be obtained. :

[0031]

[0032] in, The effective area of ​​the receiving antenna. For the first The wavelength corresponding to each frequency point, in units of ; For the receiving antenna at the 1st Gain at each frequency point; W represents The unit is watt;

[0033] Step 6: Set the transmitting antenna to each frequency point Summing these values, we can obtain the total EIRP of the antenna as follows:

[0034]

[0035]

[0036] The two formulas above represent EIRP in two different units.

[0037] Step 7, use the electric field distance product This represents the power of a high-power ultra-wideband pulsed radiation field, and the electric field distance product. The calculation method is as follows:

[0038]

[0039]

[0040] This completes the calculation of the ultra-wideband high-power microwave radiation field power.

[0041] This method comprehensively considers the instability factors affecting ultra-wideband power measurement, uses an oscilloscope to record the pulse envelope, and does not require prior calibration of the equipment sensitivity. This can avoid errors introduced during calibration to a certain extent and improve the reliability of the measurement results.

[0042] In summary, this invention addresses ultra-wideband high-power microwave systems, fully considering the wide instantaneous bandwidth of ultra-wideband high-power microwaves and the frequency-dependent influence of the total attenuation in the measurement system. By compensating for attenuation at various frequency points and path attenuation, the microwave output power is obtained. This method reduces uncertainties in the measurement process, lowers system errors, and improves the reliability of measurement results, providing guidance for refining power measurement results in ultra-wideband high-power microwave systems.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the power of an ultra-wideband high-power microwave radiation field, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Radiate the microwave signal generated by the microwave source through the transmitting antenna, and receive a portion of the microwave signal through the receiving antenna. After passing through cables and attenuators, the signal is sent to an oscilloscope, and the time-domain signal acquired by the oscilloscope is recorded. ; Step 2, for the time domain signal conduct Point FFT processing yields the frequency domain signal. , among which, the The frequency of each frequency point is The unit is The amplitude at each frequency point is denoted as , ; Step 3: Use a signal generator and spectrum analyzer to measure the attenuation amplitude of the attenuator and cable at various frequency points. ,right Amplitude compensation is performed to obtain the original signal at the receiving antenna. And the amplitude at each frequency point of the receiving antenna. ; Step 4: Calculate the power at each frequency point of the receiving antenna. ,in The load impedance of the receiving antenna; Step 5: Calculate the equivalent isotropic radiated power of the transmitting antenna at each frequency point: in, The distance from the center of the transmitting antenna array to the center of the receiving antenna array, in units of ; The effective area of ​​the receiving antenna. For the first The wavelength corresponding to each frequency point, in units of ; For the receiving antenna at the 1st Gain at each frequency point; W represents The unit is watt; Step 6: Set the transmitting antenna to each frequency point Summing these values ​​yields the total equivalent isotropic radiated power EIRP of the antenna. Step 7, calculate the electric field distance product of the receiving antenna: Where dBV, dBW, V, and W are the units for the corresponding terms; rE p (dBV) and rE p (V) represents the electric field distance product under two different units; Electric field distance product This represents the power of the radiated field, enabling the calculation of the power of the ultra-wideband high-power microwave radiated field.

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