Method and system for arranging hydrogen piping jet fire heat radiation sensor

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of hydrogen pipeline safety experiment testing and accident consequence measurement, and discloses a hydrogen pipeline jet fire heat radiation sensor arrangement method and system, which comprises the following steps: a three-dimensional geometric model identical to a high-pressure hydrogen jet fire experiment site is constructed; test working conditions and site constraints are input into the three-dimensional geometric model, a numerical simulation scene consistent with target working conditions is constructed; for each working condition, heat radiation distribution maps of multiple height layers are simulated and output; according to the heat radiation distribution maps, candidate measuring points are divided, and predicted heat flux values at each candidate measuring point are extracted; according to the positions of the candidate measuring points, a heat radiation sensor arrangement optimization model is established, and an optimal sensor arrangement scheme is determined; according to the sensor arrangement scheme, a high-pressure hydrogen jet fire experiment is carried out, and the heat radiation sensor arrangement optimization model is optimized. By using the application scheme, high-reliable capture of jet fire heat radiation distribution characteristics can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen pipeline safety testing and accident consequence measurement technology, specifically to a method and system for arranging sensors for thermal radiation from a hydrogen pipeline jet fire. Background Technology

[0002] During service, hydrogen pipelines may rupture due to third-party damage, corrosion, human error, or construction quality issues, leading to leaks and serious consequences. Leaking hydrogen gas forms a jet and spreads; if ignited at the leak point, it creates a jet flame. Jet fire is the most frequent and representative type of fire in gas pipeline accidents, primarily affecting the surrounding environment through heat radiation, causing burning and deformation of nearby objects, and resulting in injuries and fatalities.

[0003] The thermal radiation field of high-pressure hydrogen jet fire exhibits significant directionality, distance attenuation characteristics, and height variations. Experiments typically require acquiring thermal radiation intensity distributions across multiple directions, distances, and heights to analyze radiation attenuation patterns and hazard ranges under different apertures and leakage directions. However, the number of thermal radiation meters is limited, and wiring and installation are constrained by site conditions. Improper placement can lead to issues such as missed peak values, insufficient sampling in critical gradient regions, and inconsistent comparisons under different operating conditions. Therefore, determining a reasonable number and spatial arrangement of thermal radiation sensors to accurately capture the peak regions, gradient regions, and directional differences of jet fire thermal radiation under given operating conditions and site / equipment constraints is a critical problem that needs to be solved in jet fire experiments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method and system for arranging thermal radiation sensors for a hydrogen pipeline jet fire. The method uses numerical simulation results to predict the range of thermal radiation influence of the jet fire, and converts the simulation results into a reusable sensor arrangement optimization algorithm and system to output thermal radiation sensor arrangement schemes for different working conditions of the jet fire test.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for optimizing the placement of thermal radiation sensors for high-pressure, large-diameter hydrogen pipeline injection based on prior radiation field prediction, the method comprising: Step 1: Construct a three-dimensional geometric model identical to the high-pressure hydrogen jet fire experimental site; Step 2: Input the test conditions and field constraints into the three-dimensional geometric model to construct a numerical simulation scenario consistent with the target conditions; Step 3: For each working condition, perform a high-pressure hydrogen jet fire experiment simulation in the three-dimensional geometric model, and output the thermal radiation distribution map of multiple height layers. Step 4: Based on the thermal radiation distribution map, divide the candidate measuring points and extract the predicted heat flux value at each candidate measuring point. Step 5: Based on the location of the candidate measurement points, establish a thermal radiation sensor layout optimization model to determine the optimal sensor layout scheme; Step 6: Based on the optimal sensor arrangement scheme, conduct a high-pressure hydrogen jet fire experiment and optimize the thermal radiation sensor arrangement optimization model.

[0006] Optionally, in step 1, the three-dimensional geometric model includes the main pipe, branch pipe, branch pipe outlet geometric dimensions, branch pipe outlet height, surrounding terrain and obstacles; the computational domain of the three-dimensional geometric model establishes a coordinate system with one end of the main pipe as the origin, the pipe axis as the x direction, the pipe radial direction as the y direction, and the direction perpendicular to the pipe axis as the z direction; the three-dimensional coordinate positions of the leaks in each working condition are clearly defined to facilitate the determination of the subsequent ignition position.

[0007] Optionally, in step 2, the input test conditions include: leakage orifice diameter, leakage direction, pipe pressure, ambient wind direction, ambient wind speed, and ambient temperature; the input field constraints include: test area range, obstacle obstruction restrictions, number of sensors, sensor height, and upper limit of wiring length; when constructing a numerical simulation scenario consistent with the target conditions, firstly, the computational domain and boundary conditions are determined according to the input field constraints, and the computational domain includes all areas of interest in the experiment; secondly, the mesh generation strategy is determined, and the mesh is refined in the leakage orifice and flame core areas, while the mesh size in the far field is gradually increased by a stretching factor of 1.2; finally, the leakage rate is determined, and a combination of theoretical model calculation and numerical solution is used. The initial estimate of the mass flow rate is given according to the critical flow approximation of high-pressure orifice leakage as a verification reference. Then, the thermal radiation distribution of the jet fire is numerically solved through numerical simulation to obtain the thermal radiation distribution field under different conditions.

[0008] In step 3, the thermal radiation distribution map should cover all areas of interest in the experiment; based on the thermal radiation distribution map, the maximum heat flux value, heat flux threshold, distribution area, and areas with significant attenuation gradients for each working condition should be determined; at the same time, based on the thermal radiation distribution field obtained from numerical simulation, the placement of the thermal radiation sensors in the test field should be determined according to the principle of being able to cover the entire thermal radiation change gradient and the principle of not placing them in areas that can be covered by jet flames or open flames, for subsequent optimization of the placement. In step 4, based on the thermal radiation distribution map, the candidate measurement points are divided according to azimuth, distance, and height, with appropriate densification in the near field and gradual sparsening in the far field. At the same time, the predicted heat flux value of the prior radiation field at each candidate measurement point is extracted to help determine whether the range of the experimental equipment meets the conditions and whether the heat flux decay trend is reasonable.

[0009] In step 5, with the goal of ensuring sensor safety and availability, maximizing effective measurement range coverage, and maximizing information coverage, constraints including safety distance, measurement location validity, channel and wiring limitations, and critical direction coverage are set. An optimization model for the thermal radiation sensor layout is established, and candidate measurement point sets are combined to ensure the candidate measurement points meet the constraints, resulting in the optimal sensor layout scheme under the target operating condition. The optimal sensor layout scheme includes: measurement point number, pipeline leak location, leak direction, relative sensor distance, sensor orientation, sensor height relative to the leak, channel mapping relationship under the corresponding operating condition, expected thermal radiation flux range, and supplementary configuration suggestions that can be reused under multiple operating conditions. In step 6, during the test implementation phase, the on-site installation is completed according to the optimal sensor layout scheme, and the ignition trigger signal is linked with the synchronous acquisition trigger of measurement equipment such as thermal radiation acquisition and high-speed photography to achieve synchronous recording. After the test is completed, the measured thermal radiation data is compared and evaluated with the predicted heat flux value at the candidate measurement point. At the same time, the parameters of the thermal radiation sensor layout optimization model are corrected and the layout suggestions for subsequent working conditions are updated to complete the optimization of the thermal radiation sensor layout optimization model.

[0010] In step 6, the measured thermal radiation data, i.e., the experimental thermal radiation flux, is compared with the predicted thermal flux values ​​at the candidate measuring points, i.e., the prior predicted thermal radiation flux. The focus is on analyzing the peak position deviation, attenuation trend deviation, and differences in data from different directions or heights. The comparison results are expressed using the relative error calculation method. ; In the formula, This is relative error; To predict the thermal radiation flux a priori, kW / m 2 ; The experimental thermal radiation flux is expressed in kW / m². 2 ; i is the i-th candidate test point; The prior radiation field is then corrected by using a regional correction factor to introduce correction coefficients for different regions, so that the prior prediction value continuously approaches the measured value. ; In the formula, The updated thermal radiation flux is the corrected a priori thermal radiation flux, kW / m². 2 ; The a priori thermal radiation flux is obtained based on numerical simulation, in kW / m². 2 ; This is a correction factor.

[0011] A hydrogen pipeline jet thermal radiation sensor arrangement system, the system comprising: Three-dimensional geometric model building unit, to build a three-dimensional geometric model that is the same as the high-pressure hydrogen jet fire test site; The numerical simulation scenario construction unit inputs the test conditions and field constraints into the three-dimensional geometric model to construct a numerical simulation scenario consistent with the target conditions. The thermal radiation prediction unit performs high-pressure hydrogen jet fire experiment simulation in the three-dimensional geometric model for each working condition, and outputs thermal radiation distribution maps of multiple height layers. The candidate measuring point generation unit divides the candidate measuring points according to the thermal radiation distribution map and extracts the predicted heat flux value at each candidate point. The layout scheme generation unit establishes a thermal radiation sensor layout optimization model based on the location of candidate measurement points to determine the optimal sensor layout scheme. The model optimization unit conducts high-pressure hydrogen jet fire experiments based on the sensor layout scheme and optimizes the thermal radiation sensor layout optimization model.

[0012] A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the computer program being executed by a processor to perform the steps of the hydrogen pipeline jetting thermal radiation sensor arrangement method.

[0013] The present invention provides a method and system for arranging thermal radiation sensors for hydrogen pipeline jet fires. Taking experimental conditions (leakage orifice diameter, leakage direction, pipe pressure, etc.) as input, and guided by numerical simulation or prior prediction of the radiation field, it outputs the arrangement direction, distance, height, quantity configuration, and condition-specific arrangement scheme of thermal radiation meters (or thermal radiation sensors). It is also adapted to a synchronous control and data acquisition system to achieve highly reliable capture of the jet fire thermal radiation distribution characteristics. Compared with existing technologies, the present invention has the following technical advantages: First, a thermal radiation sensor placement optimization model based on "simulation first, then placement" is adopted. Unlike the traditional experience-based placement method, this invention generates a prediction of the spatial distribution of thermal radiation based on the combination of working conditions such as aperture, direction, and pressure before the experiment. This prediction then guides the optimal combination of sensor direction, distance, and height, forming precise location distribution information for sensor placement, significantly improving the success rate of placement and data efficiency.

[0014] Then, a self-updating optimization mechanism is adopted, from prediction, measurement, correction to re-optimization. The system involved in this invention supports the use of post-experiment measurement data to verify and correct numerical models / parameter libraries, and to update the placement suggestions for subsequent working conditions, so that the sensor placement strategy continuously converges to a better solution as the experiment progresses, reducing the cost of repeated experiments and on-site adjustments. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for arranging heat radiation sensors for hydrogen pipeline injection in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen pipeline jetting thermal radiation sensor arrangement system in a specific embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0018] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for arranging thermal radiation sensors for hydrogen pipeline injection in a specific embodiment of the present invention. The method includes: Step 1: Construct a three-dimensional geometric model identical to the high-pressure hydrogen jet fire experimental site.

[0020] The 3D geometric model includes simplified models of the main pipeline, branch pipes, branch pipe outlet geometry, branch pipe outlet height, surrounding terrain, and obstacles. The constructed 3D geometric model has the same physical structure as the high-pressure hydrogen jet fire experimental site, and the on-site environment (wind speed, temperature, humidity, etc.) is also consistent with the experiment. The model's computational domain establishes a coordinate system with one end of the main pipeline as the origin, the pipeline axis as the x-direction, the pipeline radial direction as the y-direction, and the direction perpendicular to the pipeline axis as the z-direction. Before simulation, the 3D coordinate positions of the leak points under each operating condition need to be determined to facilitate the subsequent determination of the ignition location.

[0021] Step 2: Input the test conditions and field constraints into the three-dimensional geometric model to construct a numerical simulation scenario consistent with the target conditions.

[0022] The input test conditions include: leak orifice diameter, leak direction, pipe pressure, ambient wind direction, ambient wind speed, and ambient temperature. Input field constraints include: test area range, obstacle obstruction limits, number of sensors, sensor height, and upper limit of wiring length, ensuring consistency between the simulated and experimental conditions. When constructing a numerical simulation scenario consistent with the target conditions, firstly, the computational domain and boundary conditions are determined based on the input field constraints; the computational domain should encompass all areas of interest in the experiment. Secondly, a mesh generation strategy is determined, with mesh refinement at the leak orifice and flame core regions, and the mesh size gradually increased in the far field by a factor of 1.2. Finally, the leakage rate is determined using a combination of theoretical model calculations and numerical solutions. An initial estimate of the mass flow rate is provided based on the critical flow approximation for high-pressure orifice leakage as a verification reference. Then, numerical simulation is used to solve for the thermal radiation distribution of the jet fire, obtaining the thermal radiation distribution field under different conditions.

[0023] Step 3: For each working condition, perform a high-pressure hydrogen jet fire experiment simulation in the three-dimensional geometric model, and output the thermal radiation distribution map of multiple height layers.

[0024] The thermal radiation distribution map should cover all areas of interest in the experiment. Based on the thermal radiation distribution map, the maximum heat flux value, heat flux threshold and distribution area, and areas with significant attenuation gradients for each operating condition should be identified, yielding predictions of the flame morphology and spatial distribution of thermal radiation flux. Simultaneously, based on the thermal radiation distribution field obtained from numerical simulation, and adhering to the principles of covering the entire thermal radiation variation gradient and avoiding placement in areas covered by the jet flame, the locations of the thermal radiation sensors in the test field should be determined for subsequent optimization of the sensor placement.

[0025] Step 4: Based on the thermal radiation distribution map and the heat flux variation data at the selected locations, candidate measuring points are divided according to azimuth, distance, and altitude, with appropriate densification in the near field and gradual sparsening in the far field. Simultaneously, the predicted heat flux values ​​at each candidate point are extracted from the prior radiation field (i.e., the thermal radiation distribution obtained through numerical simulation). This helps determine whether the experimental equipment's range meets the requirements and whether the heat flux decay trend is reasonable. Furthermore, the heat flux values ​​provide a quantitative data basis for subsequent optimization. If the requirements are not met, the measuring point locations need to be reselected from the thermal radiation distribution obtained through numerical simulation.

[0026] Step 5: Based on the location of the candidate measurement points, establish an optimization model for the arrangement of thermal radiation sensors and determine the optimal sensor arrangement scheme.

[0027] Under the constraints of sensor quantity limit, channel limit, and field conditions, the selected measurement points should cover the thermal radiation threshold and gradient change area of ​​the measured working condition as much as possible, while also taking into account the representativeness of key directions. This ensures that the gradient change of heat flux can be captured, the scope of hazard can be clarified, and the thermal radiation attenuation law can be fitted.

[0028] To ensure sensor safety and availability, maximize effective measurement range coverage, and broaden information coverage, constraints including safety distance, measurement location validity, channel and wiring limitations, and critical direction coverage are set. Candidate measurement point sets are combined to satisfy these constraints, resulting in the optimal sensor layout scheme for the target operating condition. The output of the layout scheme includes: measurement point number, pipeline leak location, leak direction, relative sensor distance, sensor orientation, sensor height relative to the leak, channel mapping relationship for the corresponding operating condition, expected thermal radiation flux range, and reusable supplementary configuration suggestions under multiple operating conditions.

[0029] Step 6: Based on the sensor layout scheme, conduct a high-pressure hydrogen jet fire experiment and optimize the thermal radiation sensor layout optimization model.

[0030] During the experimental implementation phase, on-site installation was completed according to the layout plan. The ignition trigger signal was linked with the synchronous acquisition and triggering of thermal radiation acquisition, high-speed photography, and other measuring equipment to achieve synchronous recording. After the experiment, the measured thermal radiation data was compared and evaluated with the simulated prediction results, i.e., the predicted heat flux values ​​of each candidate measuring point determined in step 4. At the same time, the model parameters were corrected and the layout suggestions for subsequent working conditions were updated. For example, the position of the thermal radiation sensor was corrected to achieve the purpose of optimizing the sensor layout prediction model.

[0031] In one embodiment, a self-updating optimization mechanism is introduced to ensure that the heat flux distribution scheme increasingly approximates the actual radiation field as experimental data accumulates. After each experiment, the measured heat flux is compared with the prior predicted heat flux, focusing on analyzing peak position deviation, attenuation trend deviation, and differences in data from different directions or heights. The comparison results are expressed using a relative error calculation method. ; In the formula, This is relative error; To predict the thermal radiation flux a priori, kW / m 2 ; The experimental thermal radiation flux is expressed in kW / m². 2 .

[0032] The prior radiation field was then corrected by using a regional correction factor to introduce correction coefficients for different regions, so that the prior predicted values ​​would continuously approach the measured values.

[0033] ; In the formula, The updated thermal radiation flux is the corrected a priori thermal radiation flux, kW / m². 2 ; The a priori thermal radiation flux is obtained based on numerical simulation, in kW / m². 2 ; This is a correction factor.

[0034] Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a hydrogen pipeline injection thermal radiation sensor arrangement system, such as... Figure 2 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the system. This hydrogen pipeline jet thermal radiation sensor installation system includes the following modules: Three-dimensional geometric model construction unit 201 constructs a three-dimensional geometric model identical to the high-pressure hydrogen jet fire experimental site; The numerical simulation scenario construction unit 202 inputs the test conditions and field constraints into the three-dimensional geometric model to construct a numerical simulation scenario consistent with the target conditions. The thermal radiation prediction unit 203 simulates and outputs thermal radiation distribution maps of multiple height layers for each working condition. The candidate measuring point generation unit 204 divides the candidate measuring points according to the thermal radiation distribution map and extracts the predicted heat flux value at each candidate point. The layout scheme generation unit 205 establishes a thermal radiation sensor layout optimization model based on the location of candidate measuring points and determines the optimal sensor layout scheme. Model optimization unit 206 conducts high-pressure hydrogen jet fire experiments based on the sensor arrangement scheme and optimizes the thermal radiation sensor arrangement optimization model.

[0035] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the described order of actions, because according to the present invention, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to the present invention.

[0036] The present invention also provides a storage medium, which is a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, the computer program being executable when it is run. Figure 1The method shown may include some or all of the steps. The storage medium may include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk, or optical disk, etc. The storage medium may also include non-volatile memory or non-transitory memory, etc.

[0037] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer program are loaded or executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data provider to another website, computer, server, or data provider via wired or wireless means.

[0038] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. Specific implementation methods have been used to illustrate the present invention. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and systems of the present invention, and are merely some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention, and the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for arranging thermal radiation sensors for hydrogen pipeline injection, characterized in that, The method includes: Step 1: Construct a three-dimensional geometric model identical to the high-pressure hydrogen jet fire experimental site; Step 2: Input the test conditions and field constraints into the three-dimensional geometric model to construct a numerical simulation scenario consistent with the target conditions; Step 3: For each working condition, perform a high-pressure hydrogen jet fire experiment simulation in the three-dimensional geometric model, and output the thermal radiation distribution map of multiple height layers. Step 4: Based on the thermal radiation distribution map, divide the candidate measuring points and extract the predicted heat flux value at each candidate measuring point. Step 5: Based on the location of the candidate measurement points, establish a thermal radiation sensor layout optimization model to determine the optimal sensor layout scheme; Step 6: Based on the optimal sensor arrangement scheme, conduct a high-pressure hydrogen jet fire experiment and optimize the thermal radiation sensor arrangement optimization model. In step 6, during the experimental implementation phase, the on-site installation is completed according to the optimal sensor layout scheme, and the ignition trigger signal is linked with the synchronous acquisition trigger of measurement equipment such as thermal radiation acquisition and high-speed photography to achieve synchronous recording. After the experiment is completed, the measured thermal radiation data is compared and evaluated with the predicted heat flux value at the candidate measurement point. At the same time, the parameters of the thermal radiation sensor layout optimization model are corrected and the layout suggestions for subsequent working conditions are updated to complete the optimization of the thermal radiation sensor layout optimization model. When comparing and evaluating measured thermal radiation data with predicted heat flux values ​​at candidate measuring points, the measured thermal radiation data (experimental thermal radiation flux) is compared with the predicted heat flux values ​​at candidate measuring points (prior predicted thermal radiation flux). The analysis focuses on peak position deviation, attenuation trend deviation, and differences in data from different directions or heights. The comparison results are expressed using a relative error calculation method. ； In the formula, This is relative error; To predict the thermal radiation flux a priori, kW / m 2 ; The experimental thermal radiation flux is expressed in kW / m². 2 ; i is the i-th candidate test point; The prior radiation field is then corrected by using a regional correction factor to introduce correction coefficients for different regions, so that the prior prediction value continuously approaches the measured value. ； In the formula, The updated thermal radiation flux is the corrected a priori thermal radiation flux, in kW / m². 2 ; The a priori thermal radiation flux is obtained based on numerical simulation, in kW / m². 2 ; This is a correction factor.

2. The method for arranging hydrogen pipeline jet thermal radiation sensors according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, the three-dimensional geometric model includes the main pipe, branch pipe, branch pipe outlet geometry, branch pipe outlet height, surrounding terrain and obstacles; the computational domain of the three-dimensional geometric model establishes a coordinate system with one end of the main pipe as the origin, the pipe axis as the x direction, the pipe radial direction as the y direction, and the direction perpendicular to the pipe axis as the z direction; the three-dimensional coordinate positions of the leaks in each working condition are determined to facilitate the determination of the ignition position in the subsequent process.

3. The method for arranging hydrogen pipeline jet thermal radiation sensors according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the input test conditions include: leakage orifice diameter, leakage direction, pipe pressure, ambient wind direction, ambient wind speed, and ambient temperature; the input field constraints include: test area range, obstacle obstruction restrictions, number of sensors, sensor height, and upper limit of wiring length; when constructing a numerical simulation scenario consistent with the target conditions, firstly, the computational domain and boundary conditions are determined according to the input field constraints, and the computational domain includes all areas of interest in the experiment; secondly, the mesh generation strategy is determined, the mesh is refined in the leakage orifice and flame core areas, and the mesh size in the far field is gradually increased by a stretching factor of 1.2; finally, the leakage rate is determined, and a combination of theoretical model calculation and numerical solution is used. The initial estimate of the mass flow rate is given according to the critical flow approximation of high-pressure orifice leakage as a verification reference. Then, the thermal radiation distribution of the jet fire is numerically solved through numerical simulation to obtain the thermal radiation distribution field under different conditions.

4. The method for arranging hydrogen pipeline jet thermal radiation sensors according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step 3, the thermal radiation distribution map should cover all areas of interest in the experiment; based on the thermal radiation distribution map, the maximum heat flux value, heat flux threshold, distribution area, and areas with significant attenuation gradients for each working condition should be determined; at the same time, based on the thermal radiation distribution field obtained from numerical simulation, the placement of the thermal radiation sensors in the test field should be determined according to the principle of being able to cover the entire thermal radiation change gradient and the principle of not placing them in areas that can be covered by jet flames or open flames, for subsequent optimization of the placement.

5. The method for arranging hydrogen pipeline jet thermal radiation sensors according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, based on the thermal radiation distribution map, the candidate measurement points are divided according to azimuth, distance and height, with appropriate densification in the near field and gradual sparsening in the far field; at the same time, the predicted heat flux value of the prior radiation field at each candidate measurement point is extracted to help determine whether the range of the experimental equipment meets the conditions and whether the heat flux decay trend is reasonable.

6. The method for arranging hydrogen pipeline jet thermal radiation sensors according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step 5, with the goal of ensuring sensor safety and availability, maximizing effective measurement range coverage, and maximizing information coverage, constraints including safety distance, measurement location validity, channel and wiring limitations, and critical direction coverage are set. An optimization model for the thermal radiation sensor layout is established, and candidate measurement point sets are combined to ensure the candidate measurement points meet the constraints, resulting in the optimal sensor layout scheme under the target operating condition. The optimal sensor layout scheme includes: measurement point number, pipeline leak location, leak direction, relative sensor distance, sensor orientation, sensor height relative to the leak, channel mapping relationship and expected thermal radiation flux range under the corresponding operating condition, and supplementary configuration suggestions that can be reused under multiple operating conditions.

7. A hydrogen pipeline injection thermal radiation sensor arrangement system, characterized in that, The system employs the method described in claim 1, comprising: Three-dimensional geometric model building unit, to build a three-dimensional geometric model that is the same as the high-pressure hydrogen jet fire test site; The numerical simulation scenario construction unit inputs the test conditions and field constraints into the three-dimensional geometric model to construct a numerical simulation scenario consistent with the target conditions. The thermal radiation prediction unit performs high-pressure hydrogen jet fire experiment simulation in the three-dimensional geometric model for each working condition, and outputs thermal radiation distribution maps of multiple height layers. The candidate measuring point generation unit divides the candidate measuring points according to the thermal radiation distribution map and extracts the predicted heat flux value at each candidate point. The layout scheme generation unit establishes a thermal radiation sensor layout optimization model based on the location of candidate measurement points to determine the optimal sensor layout scheme. The model optimization unit conducts high-pressure hydrogen jet fire experiments based on the sensor layout scheme and optimizes the thermal radiation sensor layout optimization model.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, The computer program, when run by a processor, executes the steps of the hydrogen pipeline jetting thermal radiation sensor arrangement method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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