Substation construction soil and water conservation optimization method and system based on GIS-BIM fusion

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of water and soil conservation optimization, and discloses a GIS-BIM-fused substation construction water and soil conservation optimization method and system. The method comprises the following steps: superimposing terrain point cloud data and BIM disturbance attributes to obtain a fusion data baseboard, constructing an initial water conservation capacity state matrix based on a flow direction matrix reverse traversal, pre-acting on the elevation before starting a process and calculating a water conservation deficit, taking the water conservation deficit exceeding a threshold value as a process access criterion, matching new water conservation facilities according to a confluence path offset vector, and writing a pre-deployment construction period into a construction progress network. The application solves the problem that the existing GIS-BIM fusion method cannot pre-act on the confluence path offset before the execution of a construction process, cannot quantify the water conservation deficit, and cannot use the water conservation deficit as a process access mandatory criterion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of soil and water conservation optimization technology, and in particular to a method and system for optimizing soil and water conservation during substation construction that integrates GIS-BIM. Background Technology

[0002] As a core hub node in power grid engineering, the construction of substations involves various types of disturbance operations, including large-scale surface excavation, site leveling, temporary soil stockpiling, and foundation construction. During construction, the large exposed surface area and high disturbance intensity make them highly susceptible to soil erosion. Current substation construction soil and water conservation management generally adopts a technical approach integrating GIS and BIM. GIS provides a topographical spatial base map, while BIM carries construction sequence information. By overlaying these two types of data, a visual assessment of soil erosion risk in the construction area is achieved. Based on the assessment results, soil and water conservation facilities such as intercepting ditches, sedimentation basins, and retaining dams are deployed in a single phase during the construction drawing design stage, forming a static soil and water conservation plan.

[0003] However, the aforementioned existing technologies have fundamental technical flaws. Current GIS-BIM integration methods treat soil and water conservation facilities as static, fixed entities. Their assessment of soil and water conservation capacity is based on the initial topography before construction, failing to consider the dynamic shift of runoff paths caused by the continuous changes in surface elevation during construction. After excavation, soil piling, and leveling, the topography undergoes substantial changes, and the direction and convergence path of surface runoff shift accordingly. The interception sections of the original soil and water conservation facilities are no longer located on the shifted runoff confluence lines, resulting in a significant reduction or even complete failure of the actual interception capacity of the deployed facilities. Existing technologies cannot detect this reduction in facility effectiveness caused by topographic disturbance, nor can they predict and quantify the degree of this reduction before the procedures are performed. They can only rely on post-construction remediation after manual inspections, by which time soil erosion has already occurred without interception. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method and system for optimizing soil and water conservation during substation construction by integrating GIS-BIM. It solves the problems of existing GIS-BIM integration methods being unable to pre-simulate confluence path deviations and quantify soil and water conservation deficits before the execution of construction procedures, and using these as mandatory criteria for procedure access. It also addresses the problem of repeated deployment and conflicts of soil and water conservation facilities due to the lack of joint optimization among unlocking schemes for multiple locked procedures.

[0005] This application transforms the deployment of soil and water conservation measures from post-event remediation to pre-event access control by constructing a process-level soil and water conservation deficit prediction and computerization mechanism and soil and water conservation access control logic. Furthermore, it reduces the deployment of redundant facilities through joint optimization of the soil and water conservation deficit transmission diagram, thereby improving the accuracy and systematic nature of soil and water conservation management during the substation construction period.

[0006] Firstly, this application provides a method for optimizing soil and water conservation during substation construction by integrating GIS-BIM, the method comprising: Step S1: Spatially overlay the topographic point cloud data of the substation construction area with the disturbance attributes of BIM components in a unified coordinate system to obtain the fused data base plate; Step S2: Based on the digital elevation model in the fused data base plate, starting from the interception section of each water conservation facility, traverse the upstream grid in reverse along the flow direction matrix to obtain the hydrological coverage area and initial water conservation capacity state matrix of each water conservation facility. Step S3: Before the start of the process to be executed, the disturbance range and disturbance type of the process are substituted into the fused data base plate for elevation pre-simulation. After updating the surface state, the confluence path offset vector is recalculated. The difference between the sum of RUSLE erosion of each exposed grid after pre-simulation and the effective interception capacity of each water conservation facility under the offset confluence path in the initial water conservation capacity state matrix is ​​defined as water conservation deficit. When the water conservation deficit exceeds the threshold, the process enters water conservation lockout state. Step S4: For processes in a water conservation locked state, the key interception node determined by the confluence path offset vector is used as the candidate position. The specifications of the intercepting ditch, sedimentation basin or retaining dam are matched according to the upstream catchment area. An unlocking scheme is generated and the pre-deployment period of the unlocking scheme is written into the construction progress network as a mandatory pre-constraint. When the difference between the measured terrain and the pre-simulated elevation exceeds the threshold, the water conservation deficit is triggered to be recalculated.

[0007] Secondly, this application provides a GIS-BIM-integrated substation construction soil and water conservation optimization system, which includes: The overlay module is used to spatially overlay the topographic point cloud data of the substation construction area with the disturbance attributes of BIM components in a unified coordinate system to obtain a fused data base plate. The traversal module is used to traverse the upstream grid in reverse along the flow direction matrix based on the digital elevation model in the fused data base plate, starting from the interception section of each water conservation facility, to obtain the hydrological coverage area and initial water conservation capacity state matrix of each water conservation facility. The pre-simulation module is used to perform an elevation pre-simulation by substituting the disturbance range and disturbance type of the process into the fused data base plate before the start of the process to be executed. After updating the surface state, the flow path offset vector is recalculated. The difference between the sum of the RUSLE erosion of each exposed grid after the pre-simulation and the effective interception capacity of each water conservation facility under the offset flow path in the initial water conservation capacity state matrix is ​​defined as the water conservation deficit. When the water conservation deficit exceeds the threshold, the process enters the water conservation lock state. The generation module is used to generate an unlocking scheme for processes in a water conservation locked state. The key interception node determined by the confluence path offset vector is used as the candidate position. The specifications of the intercepting ditch, sedimentation basin or retaining dam are matched according to the upstream catchment area. The unlocking scheme's pre-deployment period is written into the construction progress network as a mandatory pre-constraint. When the difference between the measured terrain and the pre-simulated elevation exceeds a threshold, the water conservation deficit is triggered to be recalculated.

[0008] Thirdly, a substation construction soil and water conservation optimization device integrating GIS-BIM is provided, comprising: a memory and at least one processor, wherein the memory stores instructions; the at least one processor calls the instructions in the memory to cause the substation construction soil and water conservation optimization device integrating GIS-BIM to execute the above-described substation construction soil and water conservation optimization method integrating GIS-BIM.

[0009] Fourthly, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein instructions are stored therein, which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the aforementioned method for optimizing soil and water conservation in substation construction using GIS-BIM integration.

[0010] The technical solution provided in this application spatially overlays the topographic point cloud data of the substation construction area with the disturbance attributes of BIM components in a unified coordinate system. This forms a fused data base where each grid cell simultaneously carries elevation values, soil erodibility factors, rainfall erosivity factors, vegetation cover factors, and the corresponding process number. This ensures that all subsequent hydrological calculations and erosion simulations are performed within the same spatial reference framework, fundamentally eliminating the spatial misalignment between GIS geographic coordinates and BIM local coordinates. Based on this, starting from the interception sections of each water conservation facility, the upstream grids are traversed in reverse along the flow direction matrix. The actual interception capacity of the water conservation facilities is expressed as a quantifiable hydrological coverage area and effective interception capacity. These two are integrated into an initial water conservation capacity state matrix. This transforms the functional state of the water conservation facilities from a qualitative description into structured data that can be continuously tracked and compared by the system, providing a precise benchmark for the dynamic calculation of subsequent process-level water conservation deficits.

[0011] The core technical contribution of this application lies in embedding the RUSLE erosion model and D8 flow direction algorithm into the process access judgment logic. Before the start of the process to be executed, the disturbance range and type are substituted into the fused data base plate to pre-simulate the elevation changes. After recalculating the confluence path offset vector, the effective interception capacity of each soil and water conservation facility is dynamically updated. The difference between the pre-simulated erosion amount and the updated interception capacity is defined as the soil and water conservation deficit. Whether the soil and water conservation deficit exceeds the zoning threshold is used as a mandatory access criterion for whether the process can enter the construction execution queue, thus transforming soil and water conservation management from post-construction remediation to pre-construction access control. This mechanism makes the RUSLE model no longer just a post-event erosion assessment tool, but a pre-calculation step that directly intervenes in the construction progress decision-making. A mandatory correlation is formed between the algorithm output and the process lock status, ensuring that the soil and water conservation interception capacity gap has been quantitatively confirmed and compensated through unlocking schemes before the execution of each process. After the pre-deployment period of the unlocking scheme is written into the construction progress network as a mandatory pre-constraint, the deployment period of soil and water conservation measures becomes an endogenous variable in the critical path calculation, ensuring from an institutional level the time requirement that soil and water conservation facilities arrive before disturbing processes. Attached Figure Description

[0012] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the substation construction soil and water conservation optimization method integrating GIS-BIM in this application. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram comparing the effective interception capacity of water conservation facilities in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the contribution of the RUSLE factor to the erosion of each perturbation partition in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0014] This application provides a method and system for optimizing soil and water conservation during substation construction by integrating GIS-BIM. The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. (if present) in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in a sequence other than that illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" or "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or device that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0015] For ease of understanding, the specific process of the embodiments of this application is described below. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 One embodiment of the substation construction soil and water conservation optimization method integrating GIS-BIM in this application includes: Step S1: Spatially overlay the topographic point cloud data of the substation construction area with the disturbance attributes of BIM components in a unified coordinate system to obtain the fused data base plate; Specifically, the fusion data base is generated by interpolating a 0.5-meter resolution digital elevation model from the LiDAR point cloud of the substation construction area after ground point filtering. Then, the process numbers, disturbance types (excavation, temporary stacking, site leveling), disturbance depths, and polygon coordinates of the disturbance plane range of each component in the BIM model are unified to the CGCS2000 coordinate system through a seven-parameter coordinate transformation. This unified model is then spatially overlaid with the digital elevation model within the same grid framework to form a structured raster dataset. Each raster cell simultaneously carries an elevation value, soil erodibility factor, rainfall erosivity factor, vegetation cover factor, and its corresponding process number. The soil erodibility factor is assigned based on soil survey data according to the soil texture of the construction area; the rainfall erosivity factor is obtained by integrating the monthly rainfall over the past 30 years at the substation location using the Wischmeier formula; and the vegetation cover factor is assigned based on the current vegetation type. This base serves as a unified spatial benchmark for subsequent hydrological calculations and erosion simulations.

[0016] Step S2: Based on the digital elevation model in the fused data base plate, starting from the interception section of each water conservation facility, traverse the upstream grid in reverse along the flow direction matrix to obtain the hydrological coverage area and initial water conservation capacity state matrix of each water conservation facility. Specifically, the hydrological cover area is the spatial set formed by recursively traversing all upstream grids that point towards the cross-section in the grid network along the reverse direction of the D8 single-flow direction matrix for each deployed water conservation facility. Physically, it represents the upstream catchment area that the water conservation facility can actually intercept. The initial water conservation capacity state matrix is ​​a data structure formed by pairing and storing the hydrological cover area of ​​each water conservation facility with its corresponding effective interception capacity. The effective interception capacity is calculated by multiplying the interception efficiency coefficient (0.75 for intercepting ditches, 0.90 for sedimentation basins, and 0.85 for retaining dams) of each facility type by the RUSLE erosion integral value of the exposed grids within the hydrological cover area. The aforementioned efficiency coefficients are determined by taking the median value from the measured statistical range of interception efficiency for each facility type in the water conservancy industry's temporary water conservation facility engineering design specifications.

[0017] Step S3: Before the start of the process to be executed, the disturbance range and disturbance type of the process are substituted into the fused data base plate for elevation pre-simulation. After updating the surface state, the confluence path offset vector is recalculated. The difference between the sum of RUSLE erosion of each exposed grid after pre-simulation and the effective interception capacity of each water conservation facility under the offset confluence path in the initial water conservation capacity state matrix is ​​defined as water conservation deficit. When the water conservation deficit exceeds the threshold, the process enters water conservation lockout state. Specifically, before the start of the process to be executed, the elevation values ​​of the corresponding grids in the fusion data base are adjusted according to the type of disturbance of the process to obtain the pre-dual digital elevation model. Then, the vegetation cover factor of all grids within the disturbance range is set to the bare soil standard value of 1.0. On this basis, the D8 flow direction calculation and flow accumulation calculation are re-executed to obtain the pre-dual confluence path network. The flow direction value of the pre-dual confluence path network is compared with that of the original confluence path network in the initial water conservation capacity state matrix grid by grid. The offset angle and offset distance of the path segments where the flow direction value has changed are summarized to form the confluence path offset vector. Based on the confluence path offset vector, the hydrological coverage area of ​​each water conservation facility is re-traversed and the effective interception capacity is recalculated. The water conservation deficit is obtained by subtracting the RUSLE erosion integral value of all exposed grids in the pre-dual state from the sum of the effective interception capacity of each water conservation facility after recalculation. The threshold is set according to the water and soil conservation standards of the substation location, with 0.5 tons per year for severely eroded areas and 2.0 tons per year for lightly eroded areas. The zoning is based on the results of the Ministry of Water Resources' soil and water conservation zoning.

[0018] Step S4: For processes in a water conservation locked state, the key interception node determined by the confluence path offset vector is used as the candidate position. The specifications of the intercepting ditch, sedimentation basin or retaining dam are matched according to the upstream catchment area. An unlocking scheme is generated and the pre-deployment period of the unlocking scheme is written into the construction progress network as a mandatory pre-constraint. When the difference between the measured terrain and the pre-simulated elevation exceeds the threshold, the water conservation deficit is triggered to be recalculated.

[0019] Specifically, the screening of key interception nodes in the unlocking scheme uses the offset confluence path indicated by the confluence path offset vector as the search range. Candidate grids must simultaneously meet three conditions: a cumulative flow value of not less than 500 (corresponding to a catchment area of ​​250 square meters), a slope value of not less than 3 degrees, and no spatial overlap with the disturbance plane range of any BIM components. The three conditions are set based on the following: the cumulative flow threshold of 500 corresponds to the empirical value of the minimum catchment area for concentrated runoff at the substation scale; the slope threshold of 3 degrees is the minimum slope limit for facilities such as intercepting ditches and sedimentation basins to have natural water storage conditions; and spatial overlap judgment is achieved by performing point-area containment operations on each candidate grid. The construction period of the new facilities is written into the CPM schedule network with a forced completion-start logic relationship: 3 days for intercepting ditches, 5 days for sedimentation basins, and 2 days for retaining dams. The above construction periods are determined based on the construction quota of temporary water conservation facilities in substations, ensuring that the pre-deployment of the unlocking scheme is completed before the start of the corresponding process.

[0020] In one specific embodiment, step S1 includes: The topographic point cloud data of the substation construction area is filtered to generate a digital elevation model. Based on the digital elevation model, the slope value, soil erodibility factor, rainfall erosivity factor and vegetation cover factor of each grid cell are extracted to obtain the hydrological erosion parameter base plate. The construction sequence number, disturbance type, disturbance depth, and disturbance plane range polygon coordinate set of each component in the BIM model are used as disturbance attributes. Based on the seven-parameter coordinate transformation method, the local coordinates of the BIM model are transformed to the national geodetic coordinate system to obtain the BIM disturbance attribute set after coordinate alignment. The BIM disturbance attribute set after coordinate alignment is spatially overlaid with the hydrological erosion parameter base plate within a unified grid cell, so that each grid cell simultaneously carries the elevation value, soil erodibility factor, rainfall erosivity factor, vegetation cover factor and the process number to which it belongs, thus obtaining the fused data base plate.

[0021] Specifically, after ground point classification and filtering, the topographic point cloud data is interpolated using Kriging interpolation to generate a digital elevation model with a resolution of 0.5 meters by 0.5 meters. The resolution of 0.5 meters is based on the fact that the minimum spacing of temporary water conservation facilities such as intercepting ditches and sedimentation basins at the substation scale is usually no less than 5 meters. The 0.5-meter resolution satisfies the accuracy of runoff path extraction while also taking into account the computational efficiency of subsequent raster operations. Soil erosibility factors are assigned based on the texture composition, organic matter content, and permeability level of each soil type in the soil survey report of the construction area, according to the K-values ​​corresponding to each texture type in the soil erosion classification and grading standards issued by the Ministry of Water Resources, with units of tons per hectare per hour per hectare per megajoule per millimeter. Rainfall erosivity factors are calculated based on the monthly rainfall data of the meteorological station at the substation location over the past 30 years, using the Wischmeier rainfall erosivity formula to calculate the annual average R value, with units of megajoules per millimeter per hectare per hour per year. The vegetation cover factor was assigned a value based on the vegetation type zoning of the remote sensing image interpreted before construction. Bare land was assigned a value of 1.0, grassland was assigned a value between 0.05 and 0.15, and arbor forest was assigned a value between 0.001 and 0.01. The above intervals were determined based on the statistical range of C values ​​for each vegetation type in the results of the comprehensive scientific survey on soil erosion and ecological security in China.

[0022] The local coordinate system of the BIM model is transformed to the CGCS2000 national geodetic coordinate system using a seven-parameter coordinate transformation method. The seven parameters include three translations, three rotations, and one scaling. The coordinate residual after transformation does not exceed 0.05 meters. This accuracy requirement is determined according to the construction layout coordinate accuracy level in the substation engineering surveying specification. This ensures that the spatial consistency between the polygon coordinates of the disturbance plane range of the BIM component and the grid coordinates of the digital elevation model when overlaid meets the requirements for confluence path calculation. After coordinate alignment, the construction process number, disturbance type, disturbance depth, and disturbance plane range polygon coordinate set of each BIM component are spatially overlaid with the digital elevation model within a 0.5-meter grid frame. For each grid cell, it is determined whether its center coordinates fall within the disturbance plane range polygon of any component. If they do, the process number and disturbance attributes of the component are written into the grid. If they do not fall within the grid, the process number field is recorded as empty. This forms the fused data base. Each grid cell carries five types of attribute fields: elevation value, soil erodibility factor, rainfall erosivity factor, vegetation cover factor, and the process number to which it belongs. These five types of fields together constitute the complete input parameter set for subsequent water conservation deficit pre-calculation.

[0023] In one specific embodiment, step S2 includes: Based on the digital elevation model in the fused data base plate, a depression filling process is performed, and then the D8 single flow direction algorithm is performed on the filled digital elevation model to calculate the flow direction of each grid cell, thereby obtaining the flow direction matrix. The flow direction matrix is ​​input into the flow accumulation calculation, the total number of upstream catchment grids of each grid cell is counted to obtain the flow accumulation matrix, and the grids in the flow accumulation matrix with accumulated values ​​not lower than the accumulated threshold are connected to form a flow path network. Starting from the coordinates of the interception section of each water conservation facility, the upstream grids that ultimately flow through the interception section are traversed in the reverse direction of the flow direction matrix to obtain the hydrological coverage area of ​​each water conservation facility. Based on the soil erodibility factor, rainfall erosivity factor, vegetation cover factor, and slope length and gradient factor of each exposed disturbance grid within the hydrological cover area, the effective interception capacity of each water conservation facility for the exposed area within the hydrological cover area is calculated based on the RUSLE equation. The hydrological cover area of ​​each water conservation facility is integrated with the corresponding effective interception capacity to obtain the initial water conservation capacity state matrix.

[0024] Specifically, the depression filling process uses the Wang-Liu algorithm to fill closed depressions in the digital elevation model by raising the water level. The filling height threshold is set to 0.1 meters. Small elevation depressions below 0.1 meters are considered data noise and filled, while depressions above 0.1 meters are retained as true terrain features. This threshold is determined based on the elevation error level of the digital elevation model after interpolation of the lidar point cloud. After filling, the D8 single-direction algorithm is executed on each grid cell. The calculation rule of the D8 algorithm is to compare the elevation difference between the current grid cell and each of its eight neighboring grid cells, and encode the direction with the largest positive elevation difference as the flow direction value of the grid cell. The flow direction values ​​are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128, corresponding to the eight directions of east, southeast, south, southwest, west, northwest, north, and northeast, respectively. After assigning values ​​to each grid cell, a flow direction matrix is ​​formed. When performing flow accumulation calculation based on the flow direction matrix, the total number of upstream grids flowing into each grid is recursively counted along the flow direction matrix, starting from each grid cell, to obtain the flow accumulation matrix. The accumulation threshold is set to 500, which corresponds to an upstream catchment area of ​​500 multiplied by 0.25 square meters, or 125 square meters. This area is the empirical lower limit of the minimum catchment area for generating concentrated surface runoff at the substation area scale. Grids with an accumulation value of not less than 500 are connected to form a flow path network.

[0025] Starting with the grid coordinates of each interception section of the water conservation facility, a recursive search is performed in the grid network along the reverse direction of the flow direction values ​​of each grid in the flow direction matrix. All grids whose flow direction values ​​ultimately point to the upstream grid of the interception section are included in the set. This search terminates when the watershed boundary (i.e., the edge grid in the flow direction matrix where no upstream grid merges) is reached, thus forming the hydrological coverage area of ​​the water conservation facility. The slope length and slope factor are calculated using the McCool improved formula based on the slope values ​​of each grid in the digital elevation model and the length of the confluence path. The slope length is the cumulative distance from the watershed to the current grid along the confluence path, and the slope is the slope inclination angle of the corresponding grid in the digital elevation model. Substituting the slope length and gradient factors along with the soil erodibility factors, rainfall erosivity factors, and vegetation cover factors of the corresponding graticules in the fused data base into the RUSLE equation, the erosion per unit area of ​​all exposed disturbed graticules within the hydrological cover area is summed and multiplied by the interception efficiency coefficient corresponding to each facility type: 0.75 for intercepting ditches, 0.90 for sedimentation basins, and 0.85 for retaining dams. The interception efficiency coefficients for these three types of facilities are determined by taking the median value from the statistical range of measured interception efficiency of temporary water conservation facilities in the water conservancy industry. The calculated result is the effective interception capacity of the facility. The initial water conservation capacity state matrix uses the water conservation facility number as an index to store two types of fields: its hydrological cover area graticule set and the corresponding effective interception capacity, forming a benchmark dataset for the pre-simulation of water conservation deficit during the construction period.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram comparing the effective interception capacity of water conservation facilities in the embodiments of this application. The horizontal axis represents the numbers of the water conservation facilities already deployed in the substation construction area, including intercepting ditch SC-1, intercepting ditch SC-2, sedimentation basin SP-1, retaining dam DB-1, and sedimentation basin SP-2. The vertical axis represents the effective interception capacity in tons per year. The horizontal line filled bars represent the effective interception capacity of each facility under the initial hydrological coverage area before the process disturbance. The diagonal line filled bars represent the attenuation value of the effective interception capacity of each facility after the flow path shift. The cross line filled bars represent the interception capacity of the newly added water conservation facilities at each key interception node in the unlocking scheme. The comparison relationship of the three types of data intuitively reflects the decrease in the interception capacity of the existing water conservation facilities after the flow path shift caused by the process disturbance and the degree of compensation for the water conservation deficit by the newly added facilities.

[0027] In one specific embodiment, step S3, before the start of the process to be executed, involves substituting the disturbance range and disturbance type of the process into the fused data base plate for elevation pre-simulation, including: Based on the disturbance type of the process in the fused data base plate, the elevation value of the grid unit corresponding to the excavation process is adjusted downward according to the disturbance depth, the elevation value of the grid unit corresponding to the temporary stacking process is adjusted upward according to the stacking height, and the elevation value of the grid unit corresponding to the site leveling process is replaced according to the design leveling elevation to obtain the pre-simulation digital elevation model. The vegetation cover factor of all disturbed grid cells within the coverage area of ​​the pre-simulated digital elevation model is updated to the bare soil standard value to obtain the updated surface state; Based on the updated surface state, the pre-simulated digital elevation model is subjected to depression filling processing, and the flow direction matrix and flow accumulation matrix are recalculated. The recalculated confluence path network is compared with the original confluence path network in the initial water conservation capacity state matrix grid by grid to obtain the flow direction value. The offset angle and offset distance of the path segments whose flow direction values ​​have changed are summarized to obtain the confluence path offset vector.

[0028] Specifically, the pre-simulated digital elevation model is copied from the digital elevation model in the fused data base. On the copied raster matrix, elevation correction is performed only on the raster cells covered by the polygon of the disturbance plane range of the procedure to be executed; the raster elevation values ​​outside the disturbance range remain unchanged. The data source for the elevation correction amount is the disturbance attribute field of each component in the BIM model. The downward adjustment amount for excavation-type procedures is equal to the design excavation depth recorded in the disturbance attribute of that component; the upward adjustment amount for temporary stacking-type procedures is equal to the design height of the stack; and the replacement value for site leveling-type procedures is equal to the design leveling elevation. All three types of corrections are performed cell by cell at the raster level, thereby obtaining a pre-simulated digital elevation model that reflects the terrain state after the execution of the procedure. The updated surface state is a data state in which the vegetation cover factor of all grid cells within the disturbance range is uniformly assigned a value of 1.0 based on the pre-simulated digital elevation model. The vegetation cover factor of 1.0 corresponds to the standard value of a completely bare surface in the RUSLE equation. This value is determined according to the definition of surface management conditions of the bare land control plot in the modified general soil loss equation. The difference between the vegetation cover factor and the pre-construction vegetation cover factor in the fused data base plate reflects the degree of weakening of the surface erosion resistance by the process disturbance.

[0029] After filling the Wang-Liu depression on the pre-simulated digital elevation model corresponding to the updated surface state, the D8 single-direction algorithm is re-run to obtain the pre-simulated flow direction matrix. Then, based on the pre-simulated flow direction matrix, the flow accumulation calculation is performed, and the grids with an accumulation value of not less than 500 are connected to form a pre-simulated confluence path network. The flow direction values ​​are compared grid by grid with the original flow direction network stored in the initial water conservation capacity state matrix under the same grid coordinate frame. For each grid cell where the flow direction value changes, the offset angle is calculated by the difference between the azimuth angle corresponding to the original flow direction value and the azimuth angle corresponding to the pre-flow direction value. The offset distance is calculated by the Euclidean distance from the center coordinate of the grid cell to the center coordinate of the nearest grid cell in the pre-flow direction. The offset angles and offset distances of all grid cells with flow direction changes are arranged in the topological order of the flow path and summarized to form the flow path offset vector. The flow path offset vector describes the direction and magnitude of the deviation of the surface runoff route from the original water conservation facility interception section coverage caused by process disturbance. It is a quantitative basis for judging whether the existing water conservation facilities still have the interception capacity for the disturbed runoff.

[0030] In one specific embodiment, in step S3, the difference between the sum of the RUSLE erosion amounts of each exposed grid after the pre-simulation and the effective interception capacity of each water conservation facility in the initial water conservation capacity state matrix under the offset confluence path is defined as the water conservation deficit, including: The slope length and slope factor of each exposed grid cell are recalculated based on the pre-simulated digital elevation model. The recalculated slope length and slope factor, along with the soil erodibility factor, rainfall erosivity factor, and updated vegetation cover factor of the corresponding grid cell in the fused data base, are substituted into the RUSLE equation. The erosion amount of all exposed grid cells within the process disturbance range and its downstream influence area is integrally summed to obtain the expected new erosion amount. Using the confluence path offset vector as input, the hydrological coverage area of ​​each water conservation facility in the initial water conservation capacity state matrix is ​​re-traversed and recalculated to obtain the effective interception capacity of each water conservation facility under the offset confluence path. The water conservation deficit is obtained by subtracting the expected increase in erosion from the sum of the effective interception capacity of each water conservation facility along the offset confluence path.

[0031] Specifically, the calculation scope for the expected increase in erosion covers all exposed grids within the polygonal area of ​​the process disturbance plane and their downstream affected areas. The boundary of the downstream affected area is determined by recursively tracing along the pre-simulated flow direction matrix from the boundary grid of the disturbance area to the site boundary or the grid that merges into the existing drainage facilities. All grids within this area with a vegetation cover factor of 1.0 (the standard value for bare soil) are included in the calculation. The slope length and slope factor are re-extracted based on the pre-simulated digital elevation model. The slope length is the cumulative distance from the watershed along the pre-simulated confluence path to the current grid, and the slope is the slope angle of the current grid in the pre-simulated digital elevation model. Both are calculated using the McCool improved formula. The difference between the slope length and slope factor and the original slope factor in the fused data base plate is due to the process disturbance changing the local topographic slope and the length of the confluence path. Substitute the recalculated slope length and gradient factors, along with the soil erodibility factors, rainfall erosivity factors, and updated vegetation cover factors of the corresponding grid cells in the fused data base into the RUSLE equation. Calculate the annual erosion per unit area for each grid cell, multiply by the grid area of ​​0.25 square meters, and sum the erosion amounts of all exposed grid cells within the calculation range to obtain the expected increase in erosion, expressed in tons per year.

[0032] The re-traversal of the hydrological coverage area of ​​each water conservation facility takes the runoff path offset vector as input. Specifically, the pre-simulated runoff direction value of each grid cell in the offset vector that has undergone a runoff direction change replaces the runoff direction value at the corresponding position in the original runoff direction matrix. On the replaced runoff direction matrix, a reverse recursive traversal is performed again starting from the coordinates of the interception section of each water conservation facility to obtain the hydrological coverage area of ​​each water conservation facility after the offset. The difference between this hydrological coverage area and the original hydrological coverage area stored in the initial water conservation capacity state matrix reflects the change in the upstream catchment range that each facility can actually intercept after the runoff path offset caused by the process disturbance. The effective interception capacity of each water conservation facility under the offset runoff path is obtained by multiplying the RUSLE erosion integral value of the exposed grid cells in the offset hydrological coverage area by the interception efficiency coefficient corresponding to each facility type (0.75 for intercepting ditches, 0.90 for sedimentation basins, and 0.85 for retaining dams). The difference between the expected increase in erosion and the sum of the effective interception capacity of all water conservation facilities downstream of the disturbance range after their displacement is the water conservation deficit. A positive difference indicates that the existing water conservation facilities' interception capacity is insufficient to cover the increase in erosion caused by the process disturbance, while a negative difference indicates that the existing water conservation facilities' interception capacity still has redundancy.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the erosion contribution of each disturbance zone by the RUSLE factor in the embodiments of this application. The horizontal axis of the diagram represents the five types of disturbance zones in the substation construction area, divided according to the type of work process, including the foundation pit excavation zone, cable trench excavation zone, temporary soil stockpile zone, site leveling zone, and access road zone. The vertical axis represents the annual erosion contribution per unit area, in tons per hectare per year. The stacked columns in the diagram, from bottom to top, represent four components: rainfall erosivity factor R, soil erodibility factor K, slope length and gradient factor LS, and vegetation cover factor C. Each component is distinguished by a different filling pattern. The value marked at the top of each column is the integral sum of the expected new erosion calculated by the RUSLE equation of all exposed grid cells in that zone. This value is the data source for the expected new erosion field in the calculation of water conservation deficit.

[0034] In one specific embodiment, in step S3, when the water conservation deficit exceeds a threshold, the process enters a water conservation lockout state, including: The threshold values ​​are assigned according to the water and soil erosion prevention standard zoning where the substation is located. The threshold corresponding to the severely eroded area is set as the first threshold, and the threshold corresponding to the slightly eroded area is set as the second threshold. The second threshold is greater than the first threshold, thus obtaining the zoning threshold. The water conservation deficit is compared with the partition threshold. When the water conservation deficit does not exceed the partition threshold, the status flag of the process is updated to water conservation ready and the process is written into the construction execution queue. When the water conservation deficit exceeds the partition threshold, the status identifier of the process is updated to water conservation locked status, and the water conservation deficit, the confluence path offset vector, the pre-simulated digital elevation model, and the expected new erosion amount are integrated into a locking parameter combination output.

[0035] Specifically, the zoning standards for soil and water conservation are implemented based on the Ministry of Water Resources' soil and water conservation zoning results. The zoning divides the country into gradient types such as severely eroded areas, moderately eroded areas, and lightly eroded areas. The zoning assignment of the substation location is determined by the prevention and control standard zoning specified in the project's soil and water conservation plan report. The first threshold corresponds to severely eroded areas, with a value of 0.5 tons per year. This value is determined based on the lower limit of the allowable soil loss standard for severely eroded areas. Severely eroded areas have weak surface erosion resistance and high rainfall erosion, requiring stricter entry thresholds to control the risk of soil and water loss during construction. The second threshold corresponds to lightly eroded areas, with a value of 2.0 tons per year. This value is determined based on the upper limit of the allowable soil loss standard for lightly eroded areas. Lightly eroded areas have better surface vegetation cover and stronger soil erosion resistance, allowing for a relatively relaxed deficit tolerance range. The zoning thresholds are assigned once before construction begins based on the prevention and control standard zoning assignment in the substation project's soil and water conservation plan report and will not be adjusted during construction.

[0036] The "Water Conservation Readiness" and "Water Conservation Locked" statuses are status flag values ​​written into the attribute fields of each process node in the BIM model. A "Water Conservation Readiness" flag value of 1 indicates that the water conservation deficit does not exceed the zoning threshold before the process is executed, and the risk of soil erosion is within acceptable limits. The process node is synchronously written into the construction execution queue, which stores all process numbers in the "Water Conservation Readiness" status in sorted order of their planned start time. On-site construction managers use this queue to schedule actual construction. A "Water Conservation Locked" flag value of 0 indicates that the water conservation deficit exceeds the zoning threshold before the process is executed. The process node is not written into the construction execution queue, and on-site construction managers cannot issue a commencement order for processes with a flag value of 0. The locked parameter combination is indexed by the process number and stores four types of fields: water conservation deficit, runoff path offset vector, pre-simulated digital elevation model, and expected new erosion. The water conservation deficit field records the interception capacity gap that needs to be made up by adding water conservation facilities. The runoff path offset vector field records the direction and magnitude of the runoff path offset. The pre-simulated digital elevation model field stores the terrain state after the process disturbance. The expected new erosion field records the total amount of erosion caused by the process disturbance. The four types of fields together constitute the complete input parameters required to generate the unlocking scheme.

[0037] In one specific embodiment, step S4 includes: Based on the confluence path offset vector in the locking parameter combination, grid cells that simultaneously satisfy the conditions of cumulative flow value not lower than the cumulative threshold, slope value not lower than the slope threshold, and not belonging to any BIM component disturbance plane range are selected from upstream to downstream along the offset confluence path to obtain a candidate set of key interception nodes. Based on the upstream catchment area of ​​each candidate node in the candidate set of key interception nodes, candidate nodes with an upstream catchment area not exceeding the first area threshold are matched with intercepting ditches, candidate nodes with an upstream catchment area exceeding the first area threshold but not exceeding the second area threshold are matched with sedimentation basins, and candidate nodes with an upstream catchment area exceeding the second area threshold are matched with retaining dams. The facility specifications are calculated according to the corresponding hydraulic formulas to obtain a set of new water conservation facility specifications. The effective interception capacity of each facility in the newly added water conservation facility specification set is accumulated sequentially from upstream to downstream until the accumulated value is not lower than the expected new erosion amount in the locking parameter combination. The type, specification and grid coordinates of the newly added water conservation facilities that have been determined when the accumulation ends are integrated to obtain the unlocking scheme. The construction period of each newly added water conservation facility in the unlocking scheme is written into the construction progress network as a mandatory pre-constraint. After the actual completion of the process, the measured topographic digital elevation model and the pre-simulated digital elevation model are subtracted grid by grid. When the area of ​​the grid with the elevation difference exceeding the elevation difference threshold is not less than the proportion threshold of the disturbance range of the process, the measured topographic digital elevation model is replaced with the pre-simulated digital elevation model, and the calculation of the water conservation deficit is re-executed to obtain the updated water conservation deficit.

[0038] Specifically, in the selection of the candidate set of key interception nodes, the cumulative threshold is set to 500, corresponding to an upstream catchment area of ​​125 square meters, consistent with the threshold used in step S2 for extracting the confluence path to ensure that the candidate nodes are located on the identified confluence trunk line; the slope threshold is set to 3 degrees, which is the minimum topographic slope limit for temporary water conservation facilities such as intercepting ditches and sedimentation basins to form natural water storage conditions. Surface runoff velocities below 3 degrees are insufficient for sedimentation basins to perform their sedimentation function. The first area threshold is set to 2000 square meters, and the second area threshold is set to 10000 square meters. These two thresholds define the applicable catchment area ranges for the three types of facilities, determined according to the applicable catchment area ranges for each facility type in the Ministry of Water Resources' Temporary Water Conservation Facility Design Specifications. The cross-sectional dimensions of the intercepting ditch are calculated using the Manning formula for a trapezoidal cross-section. The design flow rate is calculated by multiplying the upstream catchment area of ​​the candidate node by the intensity of a 10-year return period 1-hour rainstorm at the substation location. The Manning roughness coefficient is taken as 0.025 for masonry lining, and the longitudinal slope of the ditch bottom is taken as 0.003. Based on this, the cross-sectional area of ​​the water passage is calculated, and the bottom width and depth are determined. The volume of the sedimentation basin is taken as the design flow rate multiplied by the residence time of 3600 seconds, and the plan dimensions are arranged with a length-to-width ratio of 3:1. The height of the retaining dam is calculated by dividing the water conservation deficit in the locked parameter combination by the square root of the product of the erosion modulus and the upstream catchment area. The effective interception capacity of each newly added facility is calculated by multiplying the interception efficiency coefficient of each facility type by the integral value of the exposed grid erosion within its hydrological coverage area. The values ​​are 0.75 for the intercepting ditch, 0.90 for the sedimentation basin, and 0.85 for the retaining dam.

[0039] The method of forcibly incorporating pre-constraints into the construction schedule network is as follows: In the CPM critical path network, an independent process node is created for each newly added water conservation facility in the unlocking scheme. The process node type is set as temporary water conservation facility construction, with construction periods of 3 days for intercepting ditches, 5 days for sedimentation basins, and 2 days for retaining dams. These periods are determined based on the substation temporary water conservation facility construction quota. A forced completion-start logical relationship is established between the locked process and the corresponding newly added water conservation facility process node; that is, the locked process can only begin after all newly added water conservation facility process nodes are completed. The CPM network recalculates the critical path and the earliest start time of each process accordingly. The measured terrain digital elevation model is generated by performing UAV oblique photogrammetry real-scene 3D reconstruction of the construction area after the actual completion of the process, with a resolution of 0.5 meters consistent with the digital elevation model in the fused data base. The elevation difference threshold is set at 0.2 meters, determined based on twice the mean square error of the elevation interpolation in the lidar point cloud. A difference exceeding 0.2 meters is considered a significant deviation between the actual construction and the design. The proportion threshold is set at 10%, meaning that a rolling recalculation is triggered when the area of ​​the grid with an elevation difference exceeding 0.2 meters accounts for at least 10% of the area of ​​the process disturbance range. This proportion threshold is determined based on the upper limit of the allowable terrain deviation area proportion in the substation engineering construction survey and acceptance specifications. After triggering the rolling recalculation, the pre-simulated digital elevation model is replaced with the measured terrain digital elevation model. The entire process of depression filling, flow direction matrix calculation, flow accumulation calculation, confluence path offset vector extraction, and water conservation deficit calculation is re-executed to obtain the updated water conservation deficit. Based on the updated water conservation deficit, it is determined whether the specifications or locations of the newly added water conservation facilities already determined in the unlocking plan need to be adjusted.

[0040] The above describes the substation construction soil and water conservation optimization method integrating GIS-BIM in the embodiments of this application. The following describes the substation construction soil and water conservation optimization system integrating GIS-BIM in the embodiments of this application. One embodiment of the substation construction soil and water conservation optimization system integrating GIS-BIM in the embodiments of this application includes: The overlay module is used to spatially overlay the topographic point cloud data of the substation construction area with the disturbance attributes of BIM components in a unified coordinate system to obtain a fused data base plate. The traversal module is used to traverse the upstream grid in reverse along the flow direction matrix based on the digital elevation model in the fused data base plate, starting from the interception section of each water conservation facility, to obtain the hydrological coverage area and initial water conservation capacity state matrix of each water conservation facility. The pre-simulation module is used to perform an elevation pre-simulation by substituting the disturbance range and disturbance type of the process into the fused data base plate before the start of the process to be executed. After updating the surface state, the flow path offset vector is recalculated. The difference between the sum of the RUSLE erosion of each exposed grid after the pre-simulation and the effective interception capacity of each water conservation facility under the offset flow path in the initial water conservation capacity state matrix is ​​defined as the water conservation deficit. When the water conservation deficit exceeds the threshold, the process enters the water conservation lock state. The generation module is used to generate an unlocking scheme for processes in a water conservation locked state. The key interception node determined by the confluence path offset vector is used as the candidate position. The specifications of the intercepting ditch, sedimentation basin or retaining dam are matched according to the upstream catchment area. The unlocking scheme's pre-deployment period is written into the construction progress network as a mandatory pre-constraint. When the difference between the measured terrain and the pre-simulated elevation exceeds a threshold, the water conservation deficit is triggered to be recalculated.

[0041] This invention also provides a GIS-BIM-integrated substation construction soil and water conservation optimization device, which can be a server. This GIS-BIM-integrated substation construction soil and water conservation optimization device includes a processor, memory, display screen, input device, network interface, and database connected via a system bus. The processor, designed as a computer, provides computing and control capabilities. The memory of the GIS-BIM-integrated substation construction soil and water conservation optimization device includes a non-volatile storage medium and internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, computer programs, and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage medium. The database of the GIS-BIM-integrated substation construction soil and water conservation optimization device stores the data corresponding to this embodiment. The network interface of the GIS-BIM-integrated substation construction soil and water conservation optimization device is used for communication with external terminals via a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the above-described method.

[0042] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which can be a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium or a volatile computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that, when the instructions are executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the steps of the substation construction soil and water conservation optimization method integrating GIS-BIM.

[0043] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0044] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a GIS-BIM integrated substation construction soil and water conservation optimization device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0045] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing soil and water conservation during substation construction by integrating GIS-BIM, characterized in that, The method includes: Step S1: Spatially overlay the topographic point cloud data of the substation construction area with the disturbance attributes of BIM components in a unified coordinate system to obtain the fused data base plate; Step S2: Based on the digital elevation model in the fused data base plate, starting from the interception section of each water conservation facility, traverse the upstream grid in reverse along the flow direction matrix to obtain the hydrological coverage area and initial water conservation capacity state matrix of each water conservation facility. Step S3: Before the start of the process to be executed, the disturbance range and disturbance type of the process are substituted into the fused data base plate for elevation pre-simulation. After updating the surface state, the confluence path offset vector is recalculated. The difference between the sum of RUSLE erosion of each exposed grid after pre-simulation and the effective interception capacity of each water conservation facility under the offset confluence path in the initial water conservation capacity state matrix is ​​defined as water conservation deficit. When the water conservation deficit exceeds the threshold, the process enters water conservation lockout state. Step S4: For processes in a water conservation locked state, the key interception node determined by the confluence path offset vector is used as the candidate position. The specifications of the intercepting ditch, sedimentation basin or retaining dam are matched according to the upstream catchment area. An unlocking scheme is generated and the pre-deployment period of the unlocking scheme is written into the construction progress network as a mandatory pre-constraint. When the difference between the measured terrain and the pre-simulated elevation exceeds the threshold, the water conservation deficit is triggered to be recalculated.

2. The method for optimizing soil and water conservation during substation construction by integrating GIS-BIM as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1 includes: The topographic point cloud data of the substation construction area is filtered to generate a digital elevation model. Based on the digital elevation model, the slope value, soil erodibility factor, rainfall erosivity factor and vegetation cover factor of each grid cell are extracted to obtain the hydrological erosion parameter base plate. The construction sequence number, disturbance type, disturbance depth, and disturbance plane range polygon coordinate set of each component in the BIM model are used as disturbance attributes. Based on the seven-parameter coordinate transformation method, the local coordinates of the BIM model are transformed to the national geodetic coordinate system to obtain the BIM disturbance attribute set after coordinate alignment. The BIM disturbance attribute set after coordinate alignment is spatially overlaid with the hydrological erosion parameter base plate within a unified grid cell, so that each grid cell simultaneously carries the elevation value, soil erodibility factor, rainfall erosivity factor, vegetation cover factor and the process number to which it belongs, thus obtaining the fused data base plate.

3. The method for optimizing soil and water conservation during substation construction by integrating GIS-BIM as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2 includes: Based on the digital elevation model in the fused data base plate, a depression filling process is performed, and then the D8 single flow direction algorithm is performed on the filled digital elevation model to calculate the flow direction of each grid cell, thereby obtaining the flow direction matrix. The flow direction matrix is ​​input into the flow accumulation calculation, the total number of upstream catchment grids of each grid cell is counted to obtain the flow accumulation matrix, and the grids in the flow accumulation matrix with accumulated values ​​not lower than the accumulated threshold are connected to form a flow path network. Starting from the coordinates of the interception section of each water conservation facility, the upstream grids that ultimately flow through the interception section are traversed in the reverse direction of the flow direction matrix to obtain the hydrological coverage area of ​​each water conservation facility. Based on the soil erodibility factor, rainfall erosivity factor, vegetation cover factor, and slope length and gradient factor of each exposed disturbance grid within the hydrological cover area, the effective interception capacity of each water conservation facility for the exposed area within the hydrological cover area is calculated based on the RUSLE equation. The hydrological cover area of ​​each water conservation facility is integrated with the corresponding effective interception capacity to obtain the initial water conservation capacity state matrix.

4. The method for optimizing soil and water conservation during substation construction by integrating GIS-BIM as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, before the start of the process to be executed, the disturbance range and disturbance type of the process are substituted into the fused data base plate for elevation pre-simulation, including: Based on the disturbance type of the process in the fused data base plate, the elevation value of the grid unit corresponding to the excavation process is adjusted downward according to the disturbance depth, the elevation value of the grid unit corresponding to the temporary stacking process is adjusted upward according to the stacking height, and the elevation value of the grid unit corresponding to the site leveling process is replaced according to the design leveling elevation to obtain the pre-simulation digital elevation model. The vegetation cover factor of all disturbed grid cells within the coverage area of ​​the pre-simulated digital elevation model is updated to the bare soil standard value to obtain the updated surface state; Based on the updated surface state, the pre-simulated digital elevation model is subjected to depression filling processing, and the flow direction matrix and flow accumulation matrix are recalculated. The recalculated confluence path network is compared with the original confluence path network in the initial water conservation capacity state matrix grid by grid to obtain the flow direction value. The offset angle and offset distance of the path segments whose flow direction values ​​have changed are summarized to obtain the confluence path offset vector.

5. The method for optimizing soil and water conservation during substation construction by integrating GIS-BIM according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S3, the difference between the sum of the RUSLE erosion amounts of each exposed grid after the pre-simulation and the effective interception capacity of each water conservation facility in the initial water conservation capacity state matrix under the offset confluence path is defined as the water conservation deficit, including: The slope length and slope factor of each exposed grid cell are recalculated based on the pre-simulated digital elevation model. The recalculated slope length and slope factor, along with the soil erodibility factor, rainfall erosivity factor, and updated vegetation cover factor of the corresponding grid cell in the fused data base, are substituted into the RUSLE equation. The erosion amount of all exposed grid cells within the process disturbance range and its downstream influence area is integrally summed to obtain the expected new erosion amount. Using the confluence path offset vector as input, the hydrological coverage area of ​​each water conservation facility in the initial water conservation capacity state matrix is ​​re-traversed and recalculated to obtain the effective interception capacity of each water conservation facility under the offset confluence path. The water conservation deficit is obtained by subtracting the expected increase in erosion from the sum of the effective interception capacity of each water conservation facility along the offset confluence path.

6. The method for optimizing soil and water conservation during substation construction by integrating GIS-BIM as described in claim 5, characterized in that, In step S3, when the water conservation deficit exceeds a threshold, the process enters a water conservation lockout state, including: The threshold values ​​are assigned according to the water and soil erosion prevention standard zoning where the substation is located. The threshold corresponding to the severely eroded area is set as the first threshold, and the threshold corresponding to the slightly eroded area is set as the second threshold. The second threshold is greater than the first threshold, thus obtaining the zoning threshold. The water conservation deficit is compared with the partition threshold. When the water conservation deficit does not exceed the partition threshold, the status flag of the process is updated to water conservation ready and the process is written into the construction execution queue. When the water conservation deficit exceeds the partition threshold, the status identifier of the process is updated to water conservation locked status, and the water conservation deficit, the confluence path offset vector, the pre-simulated digital elevation model, and the expected new erosion amount are integrated into a locking parameter combination output.

7. The method for optimizing soil and water conservation during substation construction by integrating GIS-BIM as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Step S4 includes: Based on the confluence path offset vector in the locking parameter combination, grid cells that simultaneously satisfy the conditions of cumulative flow value not lower than the cumulative threshold, slope value not lower than the slope threshold, and not belonging to any BIM component disturbance plane range are selected from upstream to downstream along the offset confluence path to obtain a candidate set of key interception nodes. Based on the upstream catchment area of ​​each candidate node in the candidate set of key interception nodes, candidate nodes with an upstream catchment area not exceeding the first area threshold are matched with intercepting ditches, candidate nodes with an upstream catchment area exceeding the first area threshold but not exceeding the second area threshold are matched with sedimentation basins, and candidate nodes with an upstream catchment area exceeding the second area threshold are matched with retaining dams. The facility specifications are calculated according to the corresponding hydraulic formulas to obtain a set of new water conservation facility specifications. The effective interception capacity of each facility in the newly added water conservation facility specification set is accumulated sequentially from upstream to downstream until the accumulated value is not lower than the expected new erosion amount in the locking parameter combination. The type, specification and grid coordinates of the newly added water conservation facilities that have been determined when the accumulation ends are integrated to obtain the unlocking scheme. The construction period of each newly added water conservation facility in the unlocking scheme is written into the construction progress network as a mandatory pre-constraint. After the actual completion of the process, the measured topographic digital elevation model and the pre-simulated digital elevation model are subtracted grid by grid. When the area of ​​the grid with the elevation difference exceeding the elevation difference threshold is not less than the proportion threshold of the disturbance range of the process, the measured topographic digital elevation model is replaced with the pre-simulated digital elevation model, and the calculation of the water conservation deficit is re-executed to obtain the updated water conservation deficit.

8. A substation construction soil and water conservation optimization system integrating GIS-BIM, characterized in that, For implementing the substation construction soil and water conservation optimization method integrating GIS-BIM as described in any one of claims 1-7, the substation construction soil and water conservation optimization system integrating GIS-BIM comprises: The overlay module is used to spatially overlay the topographic point cloud data of the substation construction area with the disturbance attributes of BIM components in a unified coordinate system to obtain a fused data base plate. The traversal module is used to traverse the upstream grid in reverse along the flow direction matrix based on the digital elevation model in the fused data base plate, starting from the interception section of each water conservation facility, to obtain the hydrological coverage area and initial water conservation capacity state matrix of each water conservation facility. The pre-simulation module is used to perform an elevation pre-simulation by substituting the disturbance range and disturbance type of the process into the fused data base plate before the start of the process to be executed. After updating the surface state, the flow path offset vector is recalculated. The difference between the sum of the RUSLE erosion of each exposed grid after the pre-simulation and the effective interception capacity of each water conservation facility under the offset flow path in the initial water conservation capacity state matrix is ​​defined as the water conservation deficit. When the water conservation deficit exceeds the threshold, the process enters the water conservation lock state. The generation module is used to generate an unlocking scheme for processes in a water conservation locked state. The key interception node determined by the confluence path offset vector is used as the candidate position. The specifications of the intercepting ditch, sedimentation basin or retaining dam are matched according to the upstream catchment area. The unlocking scheme's pre-deployment period is written into the construction progress network as a mandatory pre-constraint. When the difference between the measured terrain and the pre-simulated elevation exceeds a threshold, the water conservation deficit is triggered to be recalculated.

9. A substation construction soil and water conservation optimization device integrating GIS-BIM, characterized in that, The device includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program that can run on the processor, and the processor executing the computer program to implement the substation construction soil and water conservation optimization method integrating GIS-BIM as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is run by the processor, it causes the processor to execute the substation construction soil and water conservation optimization method integrating GIS-BIM as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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