A photovoltaic module, a rooftop photovoltaic system, a method of installation and a method of control

Abstract

The application discloses a photovoltaic module, a roof photovoltaic system, an installation method and a control method, which comprise a photovoltaic plate outer frame, a photovoltaic plate inner frame, a photovoltaic plate group and an angle adjusting mechanism; one side of the photovoltaic plate inner frame is rotationally arranged on the photovoltaic plate outer frame, and the other side of the photovoltaic plate inner frame is a movable end; the photovoltaic plate group is arranged on the photovoltaic plate inner frame; the angle adjusting mechanism comprises a driving assembly, a transmission assembly, a sliding connecting piece and a supporting rod, the driving assembly is connected with the transmission assembly, the driving assembly and the transmission assembly are arranged in the photovoltaic plate inner frame respectively, the output end of the transmission assembly is connected with the sliding connecting piece, one end of the supporting rod is hinged with the sliding connecting piece, and the other end of the supporting rod is hinged with the inner side wall of the photovoltaic plate outer frame. The photovoltaic module has the advantages of flexible and efficient angle adjustment, wide application range, strong structural durability, excellent safety performance and reasonable space utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation system technology, specifically to a photovoltaic module, a rooftop photovoltaic system, an installation method, and a control method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the conventional rooftop photovoltaic (PV) system in the residential PV market primarily uses fixed installation. Once the PV modules are fixed in place, the angle cannot be adjusted, typically employing a construction angle of about 5 degrees to achieve a traditional pitched roof appearance. However, existing technologies suffer from problems such as non-adjustable angles, excessive weight, excessive installation height, and poor wind resistance.

[0003] To address the issue of non-adjustable rooftop photovoltaic (PV) module angles, several adjustable rooftop PV solutions have been developed. For example, Chinese utility model patent CN209823685U discloses a rooftop distributed PV power station. This solution employs an upper hinge and a lower hydraulic rod opening mechanism. The angle adjustment is achieved by using the extension and retraction of the hydraulic rod to drive the PV modules to rotate around the hinge axis.

[0004] Although this solution can adjust the angle of the photovoltaic modules, it is out of sync with existing rooftop construction methods and is not suitable for the current mainstream overhead rooftop photovoltaic market. This solution has the following drawbacks: 1) Narrow scope of application. This solution is only applicable to pitched roofs and not to flat roofs or industrial plant roofs. In reality, some areas are dominated by flat roofs, with few existing pitched roofs, resulting in extremely limited application scenarios for this solution.

[0005] 2) Poor durability of the hinged structure. This design uses a hinged connection to link the photovoltaic modules to the supporting structure. The hinged components are exposed to the outdoor environment for extended periods, making them highly susceptible to corrosion and breakage under the influence of rain, ultraviolet radiation, and fluctuating temperatures. The design lifespan of a photovoltaic power station is 25 years, and the hinged structure cannot meet the requirements of a 25-year construction warranty.

[0006] 3) Hydraulic rod drive systems pose safety hazards. The heavy weight of hydraulic rods increases the roof load, threatening the load-bearing structure of older self-built houses. Furthermore, the hydraulic rod drive requires an electric drive system and hydraulic piping. With the circuitry and piping exposed to the external environment, they are prone to aging and damage under long-term exposure to sun and rain, posing safety risks of electrical leakage and hydraulic oil leakage.

[0007] 4) Lack of waterproofing and drainage. When the photovoltaic modules are adjusted to their lowest setting, there are significant gaps and spaces between the modules and between the modules and the supporting structure. This prevents them from fully conforming to the roof slope and forming a smooth, closed surface, affecting both aesthetics and waterproofing. Currently, one of the key reasons farmers choose to build photovoltaic greenhouses is for waterproofing and roof protection. This deficiency directly contradicts the farmers' core needs. Not only does it fail to provide shelter, waterproofing, and protection for the original roof structure, but it also easily leads to rainwater, fallen leaves, and debris accumulating in the gaps, eroding the roof base layer over time and accelerating roof aging and damage. This also adds extra costs and burdens to the farmers' roof cleaning and maintenance. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of this, the present invention provides a photovoltaic module, a rooftop photovoltaic system, an installation method, and a control method to solve the problems of narrow applicability, poor durability of hinged structures, safety hazards of hydraulic rod drive systems, and incomplete sealing in the closed state of current rooftop photovoltaic module adjustment schemes.

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a rooftop photovoltaic system, comprising: Photovoltaic panel outer frame; The inner frame of the photovoltaic panel is rotatably mounted on the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel on one side, and the other side is a movable end; A photovoltaic panel assembly is mounted on an inner frame of a photovoltaic panel, and the photovoltaic panel assembly includes at least one photovoltaic panel. An angle adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the angle of the inner frame of the photovoltaic panel and the photovoltaic panel assembly. The angle adjustment mechanism includes a drive component, a transmission component, a sliding connector, and a support rod. The drive component is connected to the transmission component and the drive component are respectively disposed inside the inner frame of the photovoltaic panel. The output end of the transmission component is connected to the sliding connector and is used to drive the sliding connector to slide along the edge of the inner frame of the photovoltaic panel. One end of the support rod is hinged to the sliding connector, and the other end of the support rod is hinged to the inner wall of the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel. The photovoltaic panel assembly has a first position and a second position. When the photovoltaic panel assembly is in the first position, both the photovoltaic panel assembly and the inner frame of the photovoltaic panel are located inside the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel, and the photovoltaic panel assembly is closedly mounted on the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel. When the photovoltaic panel assembly is in the second position, both the photovoltaic panel assembly and the inner frame of the photovoltaic panel form an angle with the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel.

[0010] The above-mentioned photovoltaic modules have the following beneficial effects: Flexible and efficient angle adjustment: This embodiment, through the built-in drive component, transmission component, sliding connector and support rod, can realize the angle adjustment of the photovoltaic panel group in the range of 0° to 90°. It can be flexibly adjusted according to the sunlight angle of different seasons and times, maximize the reception of solar energy and significantly improve the power generation efficiency.

[0011] Wide range of applications: When the photovoltaic module is in the first position, it forms a flat, closed plate structure, which is suitable for pitched roofs, as well as flat roofs, industrial plant roofs and other types of roofs. It is especially suitable for the application scenarios of rooftop photovoltaic systems with flat roofs as the main feature in some areas, and solves the problem of the narrow applicability of existing technologies.

[0012] High structural durability: The drive and transmission components are all located inside the photovoltaic panel frame, avoiding long-term exposure to outdoor rain, ultraviolet rays and temperature fluctuations, effectively reducing the risk of rust, corrosion and damage, and meeting the warranty requirements for the 25-year design service life of photovoltaic power plants.

[0013] Excellent safety performance: It does not require heavy hydraulic rods for drive, but uses a small motor to reduce its own weight, reduce the roof load, and reduce the threat to the load-bearing structure of self-built houses, especially old houses; at the same time, the circuit and transmission components are built-in, avoiding the risk of leakage or hydraulic oil leakage caused by exposed pipes and aging or damaged circuits, thus improving the safety of use.

[0014] Rational space utilization: When the photovoltaic module is in the first position, its top surface is flush with the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel, which can serve as a flat extension of the roof, combining power generation function with effective use of roof space, thus enhancing the product's versatility.

[0015] The photovoltaic modules in this embodiment are integrated photovoltaic power generation systems. The angle adjustment mechanism is integrated into the photovoltaic modules during factory production, meaning they are ready to operate immediately after leaving the factory. This eliminates the need for complex on-site assembly and debugging of the angle adjustment device; installation can be completed simply by fixing it in place. This significantly reduces the skill requirements for installation personnel, allowing for rapid deployment even in areas lacking professional installation teams, effectively shortening the installation cycle and reducing costs. The standardized factory production process ensures the installation accuracy of the angle adjustment mechanism, avoiding the impact of on-site measurement errors and improper operation on device performance, guaranteeing the accuracy of photovoltaic module angle adjustment and contributing to stable power generation efficiency. Simultaneously, the integrated design reduces destructive operations such as drilling and welding on the roof, minimizing the risk of damage to older self-built house roof structures, further meeting the practical needs of some areas for safe and convenient photovoltaic system installation. Furthermore, the integrated structure facilitates later maintenance and repair, eliminating the need to disassemble complex on-site installation components; only targeted inspections of the integrated module are required, improving the convenience and efficiency of operation and maintenance.

[0016] In one alternative implementation, the drive component includes a motor.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: the micro motor is small in size, which can fit into the compact spatial layout of the photovoltaic panel's internal frame without occupying too much internal installation space, thus helping to maintain the simplicity and rationality of the overall structure of the photovoltaic module. The micro motor has low energy consumption, which can reduce the photovoltaic system's own power consumption and improve the net output of power generation efficiency; its operating noise is also low, making it suitable for noise-sensitive application scenarios such as residential areas, further optimizing the user experience.

[0018] In one optional embodiment, the inner frame of the photovoltaic panel includes a first long side plate, a first short side plate, a second long side plate, and a second short side plate. The first long side plate, the first short side plate, the second long side plate, and the second short side plate are sequentially arranged to form a rectangular frame. The first long side plate is rotatably mounted on the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel, and the second long side plate is a movable end. The top ends of the first short side plate, the second long side plate, and the second short side plate are respectively provided with shielding plates. When the photovoltaic panel group is in the first position, the shielding plates of the first short side plate, the second long side plate, and the second short side plate abut against the top surface of the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel.

[0019] In one optional implementation, the transmission assembly includes: The first transmission rod is connected to the output end of the drive component. The first transmission rod is located inside the long side plate of the inner frame of the photovoltaic panel and is parallel to the long side plate of the inner frame of the photovoltaic panel. The second threaded transmission rod is connected to the first transmission rod through a conversion structure. The second threaded transmission rod is rotatably disposed inside the short side plate of the inner frame of the photovoltaic panel and is parallel to the short side plate of the inner frame of the photovoltaic panel. The second threaded transmission rod is threadedly fitted with the sliding connector. The long side plate of the inner frame of the photovoltaic panel is perpendicular to the short side plate of the inner frame of the photovoltaic panel.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: The transmission component adopts a split layout and internal concealed design, which can make full use of the internal space of the inner frame side plate of the photovoltaic panel, avoid the space waste and collision risk caused by the outward protrusion of the structure, and ensure the overall compactness and aesthetics of the photovoltaic module. The power connection between the first transmission rod and the second threaded transmission rod is achieved through a conversion structure, ensuring the smoothness and efficiency of power transmission. This allows the rotational power output by the drive component to be accurately converted into the linear motion of the sliding connector, thereby enabling rapid response and accurate positioning when adjusting the angle of the photovoltaic panel. Simultaneously, the first and second transmission rods are hidden inside the inner frame of the photovoltaic panel, effectively isolating them from external moisture, dust, and external impacts, extending the service life of the transmission component. The threaded connection between the second threaded transmission rod and the sliding connector further improves the accuracy and stability of the transmission.

[0021] In one optional embodiment, two transmission components, two sliding connectors, and two support rods are provided. The two transmission components are symmetrically arranged with respect to the center line of the inner frame of the photovoltaic panel. The two transmission components are driven by a single drive component. The two sliding connectors slide along the two short side plates of the inner frame of the photovoltaic panel. The two support rods are hinged to the inner side walls of the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel.

[0022] In one optional embodiment, the photovoltaic panel is a lightweight photovoltaic panel; and / or The outer surface of the sliding connector and / or support rod is coated with an anti-corrosion coating.

[0023] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a rooftop photovoltaic system, comprising: A supporting structure, located above the roof of a building; A positioning frame is disposed at the top of the support structure, and the positioning frame is provided with multiple mounting holes; Multiple photovoltaic modules are respectively installed at the positions of the mounting holes and connected to the positioning frame. The angle adjustment mechanism in each photovoltaic module operates independently or synchronously.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: Each photovoltaic module's angle adjustment mechanism can independently activate its drive component based on real-time sunlight data. Two symmetrically arranged transmission components drive the sliding connector to slide smoothly along the short side plate of the photovoltaic panel's inner frame, thereby pushing the support rod to rotate around the hinge point of the inner wall of the photovoltaic panel's outer frame. This achieves precise angle adjustment of a single photovoltaic module to adapt to localized sunlight variations. When it is necessary to uniformly adjust the angles of all photovoltaic modules (such as to cope with seasonal changes or daily solar trajectory variations), the control system can send a synchronization signal to make the drive components of all photovoltaic modules work collaboratively. This ensures that the transmission components, sliding connectors, and support rods of each module move synchronously, maintaining a consistent tilt angle for all photovoltaic panels. Because the photovoltaic panels adopt a lightweight design, the impact on the support structure and positioning frame during angle adjustment is smaller, resulting in lower energy consumption. Simultaneously, the precise machining of the mounting holes on the positioning frame ensures the consistency of photovoltaic module installation, further improving the synchronization accuracy and stability of angle adjustment. This allows the entire rooftop photovoltaic system to flexibly adapt to different sunlight scenarios and efficiently achieve unified operation and maintenance management.

[0025] This embodiment offers flexible and controllable control over the number and area of ​​activating photovoltaic modules, allowing for dynamic configuration based on farmers' actual roof conditions and policy requirements, thus enhancing the system's adaptability to different scenarios. Scenario 1: In terms of operation and maintenance, single or multiple photovoltaic modules can be activated, facilitating access for maintenance personnel to the roof without requiring high-altitude work, ensuring personnel safety. Scenario 2: Farmers' roofs are diverse in area and shape, and various combinations of quantities are available to adapt to different rural roof shapes.

[0026] In one alternative embodiment, a drainage system is also included, which is disposed between the positioning frame and the photovoltaic module; The drainage system includes a first longitudinal water channel, a second longitudinal water channel, and a transverse water channel; Multiple first longitudinal water tanks are provided, and the first longitudinal water tanks are provided between two adjacent photovoltaic modules and extend along the longitudinal edge of the photovoltaic modules. Multiple horizontal water tanks are provided. The horizontal water tanks are located below the first vertical water tank and are connected to the first vertical water tank. The horizontal water tanks are located between two adjacent photovoltaic modules and extend along the horizontal edge of the photovoltaic modules. At least one second longitudinal water tank is provided. The second longitudinal water tank is located below the transverse water tank and is connected to the transverse water tank. The second longitudinal water tank extends along the longitudinal edge of the photovoltaic module.

[0027] Thirdly, the present invention provides a method for installing a rooftop photovoltaic system, comprising: The support structure is fixed to the roof of the building, and the positioning frame is set on the support structure; Based on the area, shape, and slope of the roof, select the corresponding number of photovoltaic modules and install each photovoltaic module onto the positioning frame to form a photovoltaic array adapted to the roof. Connect the electrical and control circuits so that each photovoltaic module can be adjusted in angle and opened / closed independently or in conjunction.

[0028] Fourthly, the present invention provides a control method for a rooftop photovoltaic system, including at least one of the following control modes: Tracking control mode: Based on changes in the solar altitude angle, the drive angle adjustment mechanism automatically adjusts the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel array to optimize the incident light angle and improve power generation efficiency; Wind-resistant control mode: When a strong wind warning signal is received, the drive angle adjustment mechanism adjusts the photovoltaic panel group to the windward tangential angle to reduce wind resistance and overturning moment; Shadow avoidance control mode: During periods of low solar altitude angle, reduce the tilt angle of the front row of photovoltaic panels to shorten the shadow length and reduce the spacing between the modules; Operation and maintenance control mode: Drive the angle adjustment mechanism of one or more photovoltaic modules to put the photovoltaic panel group in the second position and provide a roof maintenance access; Self-cleaning control mode: Drive the angle adjustment mechanism to adjust the photovoltaic panel group to an angle of 60 to 90 degrees, use rainfall to wash away surface dust and fallen leaves, or lift the photovoltaic panel group after snowfall to allow the snow to slide off automatically. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 A first-view structural diagram of a photovoltaic module in a second position, provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module in a second position provided by the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module including two photovoltaic panels is provided by the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module including three photovoltaic panels is provided by the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic panel for a photovoltaic module provided by the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module in the first position provided by the present invention; Figure 7 A partial exploded view of a photovoltaic module provided by the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the angle adjustment mechanism for a photovoltaic module provided by the present invention; Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a support connector for a photovoltaic module provided by the present invention; Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the structure of a shading plate for a photovoltaic module provided by the present invention; Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a rooftop photovoltaic system with a 20° slope, provided by the present invention, from a first-view perspective. Figure 12 A schematic diagram of a second-view structure of a rooftop photovoltaic system set at a 20° slope, provided by the present invention; Figure 13A schematic diagram of a rooftop photovoltaic system provided by the present invention, with the photovoltaic modules positioned at a 20° slope and in a second location, from a first-view perspective. Figure 14 A schematic diagram of a second-view structure of a rooftop photovoltaic system provided by the present invention, with the photovoltaic modules set at a 20° slope and in a second position; Figure 15 This is a structural schematic diagram of a rooftop photovoltaic system with an 8° slope, provided by the present invention. Figure 16 A schematic diagram of a rooftop photovoltaic system provided by the present invention, wherein the photovoltaic modules are set at an 8° slope and the photovoltaic modules are in the second position; Figure 17 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a rooftop photovoltaic system when a portion of the photovoltaic module is turned on. Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the drainage system and the photovoltaic modules of a rooftop photovoltaic system provided by the present invention.

[0031] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Photovoltaic module; 11. Photovoltaic panel assembly; 12. Photovoltaic panel outer frame; 13. Photovoltaic panel inner frame; 131. Shading plate; 14. Angle adjustment mechanism; 141. Drive assembly; 142. Transmission assembly; 1421. First transmission rod; 1422. Second threaded transmission rod; 1423. Conversion structure; 143. Sliding connector; 144. Support rod; 145. Support connector; 1451. First connecting plate; 1452. Second connecting plate; 1453. First rotating plate; 1454. Second rotating plate; 1455. Arc groove; 1456. Limiting post. 2. Supporting structure; 3. Positioning frame; 31. Mounting holes; 4. Drainage system, 41. First longitudinal water tank, 42. Second longitudinal water tank, 43. Transverse water tank; 5. Decorative components. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Reference Figures 1 to 10According to an embodiment of the present invention, in a first aspect, a photovoltaic module is provided, including a photovoltaic panel outer frame 12, a photovoltaic panel inner frame 13, a photovoltaic panel assembly 11, and an angle adjustment mechanism 14.

[0034] One side of the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel is rotatably mounted on the outer frame 12 of the photovoltaic panel, and the other side of the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel is a movable end.

[0035] The photovoltaic panel assembly 11 is mounted on the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel. The photovoltaic panel assembly 11 includes at least one photovoltaic panel, that is, it may include one photovoltaic panel or multiple photovoltaic panels. When the photovoltaic panel assembly 11 includes multiple photovoltaic panels, the multiple photovoltaic panels can be arranged in a horizontal array or a vertical array.

[0036] Angle adjustment mechanism 14 is used to adjust the angle between the inner frame 13 and the photovoltaic panel assembly 11. The angle adjustment mechanism 14 includes a drive assembly 141, a transmission assembly 142, a sliding connector 143, and a support rod 144. The drive assembly 141 is connected to the transmission assembly 142, and the drive assembly 141 and the transmission assembly 142 are respectively disposed inside the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel. The output end of the transmission assembly 142 is connected to the sliding connector 143 and is used to drive the sliding connector 143 to slide along the edge of the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel. One end of the support rod 144 is hinged to the sliding connector 143, and the other end of the support rod 144 is hinged to the inner wall of the outer frame 12 of the photovoltaic panel.

[0037] The photovoltaic panel assembly 11 has a first position and a second position; when the photovoltaic panel assembly 11 is in the first position, both the photovoltaic panel assembly 11 and the inner frame 13 are located inside the outer frame 12, and the photovoltaic panel assembly 11 is closedly mounted on the outer frame 12. Figure 6 When the photovoltaic panel assembly 11 is in the second position, both the photovoltaic panel assembly 11 and the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel form an angle with the outer frame 12 of the photovoltaic panel, as shown in the reference. Figure 1 .

[0038] The angle adjustment process of the photovoltaic module is as follows: The drive component 141 drives the transmission component 142 to move. The transmission component 142 drives the sliding connector 143 to slide along the edge of the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel. When the sliding connector 143 slides, it drives the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel, together with the photovoltaic panel assembly 11, to rotate around the hinge point between itself and the outer frame 12 of the photovoltaic panel through the hinged support rod 144, thereby driving the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel and the photovoltaic panel assembly 11 to rotate. When the photovoltaic panel assembly 11 is in the first position, it is in the closed state. The top surface of the photovoltaic panel assembly 11 is flush with the top surface of the outer frame 12 of the photovoltaic panel, and the outer side of the inner frame 13 is in contact with the inner side of the outer frame 12 of the photovoltaic panel, forming a flat, closed structure. When the photovoltaic panel assembly 11 enters the second position, it is in the open state. The photovoltaic panel assembly 11 and the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel form an angle with the outer frame 12 of the photovoltaic panel, and the angle is adjustable from 0° to 90°.

[0039] The above-mentioned photovoltaic modules have the following beneficial effects: Flexible and efficient angle adjustment: Through the built-in drive component 141, transmission component 142, sliding connector 143 and support rod 144, the angle of the photovoltaic panel can be adjusted within the range of 0° to 90°. It can be flexibly adjusted according to the sunlight angle of different seasons and times, maximize the reception of solar energy and significantly improve power generation efficiency.

[0040] Wide range of applications: When the photovoltaic module is in the first position, it forms a flat, closed plate structure, which is suitable for pitched roofs, as well as flat roofs, industrial plant roofs and other types of roofs. It is especially suitable for application scenarios where flat roofs are the main feature in certain areas, and solves the problem of the narrow applicability of existing technologies.

[0041] High structural durability: The drive and transmission components are all located inside the photovoltaic panel frame, avoiding long-term exposure to outdoor rain, ultraviolet rays and temperature fluctuations, effectively reducing the risk of rust, corrosion and damage, and meeting the warranty requirements for the 25-year design service life of photovoltaic power plants.

[0042] Excellent safety performance: It eliminates the need for hydraulic rods, reducing roof load and minimizing threats to the load-bearing structure of older self-built houses; at the same time, the circuitry and transmission components are all built-in, avoiding the risks of leakage or hydraulic oil leakage caused by exposed pipes and aging or damaged circuits, thus improving safety in use.

[0043] Rational space utilization: When the photovoltaic module is in the first position, its top surface is flush with the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel, which can serve as a flat extension of the roof, combining power generation function with effective use of roof space, thus enhancing the product's versatility.

[0044] Furthermore, existing photovoltaic module angle adjustment devices require on-site installation, demanding high levels of expertise from construction personnel. However, some regions lack qualified installation teams, leading to lengthy installation cycles and increased costs. Additionally, on-site installation is susceptible to measurement errors and improper operation, affecting the device's installation accuracy and consequently reducing the accuracy of photovoltaic module angle adjustment, thus impacting power generation efficiency. Moreover, on-site construction necessitates drilling and fixing to the roof, potentially causing additional damage to the roof structure of older self-built houses, further increasing the roof's load-bearing burden, which contradicts the demand for safe and convenient installation of photovoltaic systems in some areas.

[0045] In contrast, the photovoltaic module in this embodiment is an integrated photovoltaic power generation system. The angle adjustment mechanism 14 is integrated into the photovoltaic module during factory production, meaning it is ready to operate immediately after leaving the factory, eliminating the need for complex on-site assembly and debugging of the angle adjustment device. Installation can be completed simply by fixing it, significantly reducing the professional skills required of construction personnel. Even in areas lacking professional installation teams, deployment can be completed quickly, effectively shortening the installation cycle and reducing installation costs. The standardized factory production process ensures the installation accuracy of the angle adjustment mechanism, avoiding the impact of on-site measurement errors and improper operation on device performance, ensuring the accuracy of photovoltaic module angle adjustment, and helping to maintain stable power generation efficiency. Simultaneously, the integrated design reduces destructive operations such as drilling and welding on the roof, minimizing the risk of damage to the roof structure of older self-built houses, further meeting the actual needs of some areas for safe and convenient installation of photovoltaic systems. Furthermore, the integrated structure facilitates later maintenance and repair, eliminating the need to disassemble complex on-site installation components; only targeted inspections of the integrated module are required, improving the convenience and efficiency of operation and maintenance.

[0046] It should be noted that the photovoltaic module 1 mentioned above is applicable to both overhead photovoltaic power stations and power stations that are installed close to the roof.

[0047] It should also be noted that the drive assembly 141 and the transmission assembly 142 are respectively disposed inside the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel: a groove can be provided on the side wall of the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel, and the drive assembly 141 and the transmission assembly 142 can be disposed in the groove; or a groove can be provided on the side wall of the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel, and after the drive assembly 141 and the transmission assembly 142 are disposed in the groove, the groove can be sealed by a sealing plate, thereby enclosing the drive assembly 141 and the transmission assembly 142 inside the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel. In this case, a sliding hole can be provided on the sealing plate, and the sliding connector 143 extends out from the sliding hole and can slide along the sliding hole.

[0048] In some embodiments, a support connector 145 is provided on the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel, and the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel is rotatably connected to the outer frame 12 of the photovoltaic panel through the support connector 145.

[0049] Reference Figure 9 The supporting connector 145 includes a first connecting plate 1451, a second connecting plate 1452, a first rotating plate 1453, and a second rotating plate 1454. The first connecting plate 1451 is detachably mounted on the outer side wall of the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel, and the second connecting plate 1452 is detachably mounted on the inner side wall of the outer frame 12 of the photovoltaic panel. One end of the first rotating plate 1453 is hinged to the first connecting plate 1451, and the other end of the first rotating plate 1453 is hinged to the second connecting plate 1452. The second connecting plate 1452 is provided with an arc-shaped groove 1455. One end of the second rotating plate 1454 is hinged to the first connecting plate 1451, and the other end of the second rotating plate 1454 is provided with a limiting post 1456. The limiting post 1456 is slidably mounted in the arc-shaped groove 1455, and the movement of the limiting post 1456 is restricted by the arc-shaped groove 1455.

[0050] In some embodiments, the drive component 141 includes a motor, which may be a micro motor. The micro motor is small in size, adaptable to the compact spatial layout of the photovoltaic panel's inner frame, and does not occupy excessive internal installation space, helping to maintain the simplicity and rationality of the overall photovoltaic module structure. Simultaneously, to further enhance the environmental adaptability of the drive component, the micro motor can be selected with an IP65 or higher protection rating, effectively resisting the intrusion of small amounts of moisture or dust that may exist inside the photovoltaic panel's inner frame, synergizing with the built-in design of the drive component and strengthening structural durability. Furthermore, the micro motor has low energy consumption, reducing the photovoltaic system's own power consumption and improving the net output of power generation efficiency; its operating noise is also low, making it suitable for noise-sensitive applications such as residential areas, further optimizing the user experience.

[0051] In some embodiments, the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel includes a first long side plate, a first short side plate, a second long side plate, and a second short side plate. The first long side plate, the first short side plate, the second long side plate, and the second short side plate are sequentially arranged to form a rectangular frame. The first long side plate is rotatably mounted on the outer frame 12 of the photovoltaic panel, and the second long side plate is a movable end. The first long side plate and the second long side plate are parallel to each other, and the first short side plate and the second short side plate are parallel to each other.

[0052] Reference Figure 10 The top of the first short side plate, the second long side plate, and the second short side plate are respectively provided with a shielding plate 131. When the photovoltaic panel group 11 is in the first position, the shielding plates 131 of the first short side plate, the second long side plate, and the second short side plate abut against the top surface of the photovoltaic panel outer frame 12.

[0053] When the photovoltaic panel assembly 11 is in the first position, i.e., the photovoltaic panels are placed horizontally, the shielding plate 131 arranged in this embodiment is placed above the outer frame 12 of the photovoltaic panel. The shielding plate 131 can be made of weather-resistant and waterproof material, and its structure can be designed as a slightly inclined plate, covering the area above the angle adjustment mechanism 14, thereby effectively preventing rainwater from dripping directly onto the angle adjustment mechanism 14 and avoiding mechanical parts from rusting or being damaged due to moisture. At the same time, the lower edge of the shielding plate 131 can be provided with an inclined surface, which can concentrate and guide the rainwater that comes into contact to one side of the outer frame 12 of the photovoltaic panel, so that the water flows out in an orderly manner along the edge of the outer frame 12 of the photovoltaic panel.

[0054] In some embodiments, the transmission assembly 142 includes a first transmission rod 1421 and a second threaded transmission rod 1422. The first transmission rod 1421 is connected to the output end of the drive assembly 141 and is disposed inside the long side plate of the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel, parallel to the long side plate of the inner frame 13. The second threaded transmission rod 1422 is connected to the first transmission rod 1421 through a conversion structure 1423 and is rotatably disposed inside the short side plate of the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel, parallel to the short side plate of the inner frame 13. The second threaded transmission rod 1422 is threadedly fitted with a sliding connector 143. The long side plate of the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel is perpendicular to the short side plate of the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel.

[0055] In this embodiment, the transmission component adopts a split layout and an internally concealed design, which can fully utilize the internal space of the inner frame side plate of the photovoltaic panel, avoid space waste and collision risks caused by structural protrusion, and ensure the overall compactness and aesthetics of the photovoltaic module. The power connection between the first transmission rod 1421 and the second threaded transmission rod 1422 is achieved through the conversion structure 1423, ensuring the smoothness and efficiency of power transmission. This allows the rotational power output by the drive component to be accurately converted into the linear motion of the sliding connector 143, thereby enabling rapid response and accurate positioning when adjusting the angle of the photovoltaic panel. Simultaneously, the first transmission rod 1421 and the second threaded transmission rod 1422 are hidden inside the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel, effectively isolating them from external moisture, dust, and impacts, extending the service life of the transmission component. The threaded connection between the second threaded transmission rod 1422 and the sliding connector 143 further improves the accuracy and stability of the transmission.

[0056] Among them, the first transmission rod 1421 is an internal hexagonal transmission rod, and the conversion structure 1423 is an angle connection conversion structure. The structural design of the internal hexagonal transmission rod gives it a higher torque carrying capacity when transmitting power, and it is not easy to slip or loosen, thus ensuring the reliability of power transmission. The angle connection conversion structure can accurately realize 90-degree power steering between the first transmission rod and the second threaded transmission rod. Its internal precision gear meshing design further improves the smoothness and efficiency of power transmission. At the same time, the compact size of this structure is highly compatible with the spatial layout of the photovoltaic panel's internal frame, and will not occupy additional internal space.

[0057] In some embodiments, two transmission components 142, two sliding connectors 143, and two support rods 144 are provided. The two transmission components 142 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the center line of the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel. The two transmission components 142 are driven by one drive component 141 at the same time. The two sliding connectors 143 slide along the two short side plates of the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel, and the two support rods 144 are hinged to the inner side wall of the outer frame 12 of the photovoltaic panel.

[0058] In this embodiment, the drive component 141 is a motor, which can be a motor with two output shafts, each of which is connected to one of the two transmission components 142. Alternatively, the motor can be a single-output-shaft motor, transmitting the driving force to the two transmission components 142 via a gear assembly.

[0059] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic panels are lightweight photovoltaic panels, which are lighter than traditional double-glass photovoltaic modules, significantly reducing the load-bearing pressure on the roof and adapting to more types of roof structures. Lightweight photovoltaic panels are easier to handle during transportation and construction, reducing labor costs and installation risks, and further optimizing the installation experience and performance of the roof photovoltaic system.

[0060] In some embodiments, the outer surfaces of the sliding connector 143 and / or the support rod 144 are coated with an anti-corrosion coating, preferably made of epoxy resin or polyvinyl fluoride, which can effectively resist rain, ultraviolet rays and acid and alkali corrosion in the outdoor environment, significantly extend the service life of the sliding connector 143 and the support rod 144, ensure that the transmission component 142 maintains stable adjustment accuracy during long-term use, avoid the problem of photovoltaic panel angle adjustment jamming or failure caused by component corrosion, and further improve the overall reliability and durability of the roof photovoltaic system.

[0061] Reference Figures 11 to 18According to an embodiment of the present invention, in a second aspect, a rooftop photovoltaic system is provided, including a support structure 2, a positioning frame 3, and a plurality of photovoltaic modules 1. The support structure 2 is disposed above the roof of a building. The positioning frame 3 is disposed at the top of the support structure 2, and the positioning frame 3 is provided with a plurality of mounting holes 31. The plurality of photovoltaic modules 1 are respectively installed at the positions of the mounting holes 31 and connected to the positioning frame 3.

[0062] In this embodiment, the angle adjustment mechanism 14 in each photovoltaic module 1 can operate independently or synchronously. Specifically, the angle adjustment mechanism 14 of each photovoltaic module can independently activate the drive component 141 according to real-time light data. Through two symmetrically arranged transmission components 142, the sliding connector 143 is driven to slide smoothly along the short side plate of the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel, thereby pushing the support rod 144 to rotate around the hinge point of the inner sidewall of the outer frame 12 of the photovoltaic panel, realizing the precise angle adjustment of the photovoltaic panel of a single photovoltaic module to adapt to the changes in light in a local area. When it is necessary to adjust the angle of all photovoltaic modules uniformly (such as to cope with seasonal changes or daily changes in the sun's trajectory), the control system can send a synchronization signal to make the drive components 141 of all photovoltaic modules work together to ensure that the transmission components, sliding connectors and support rods of each module move synchronously, so that all photovoltaic panels maintain a consistent tilt angle. Because the photovoltaic panels adopt a lightweight design, the impact on the support structure 2 and positioning frame 3 is smaller during the angle adjustment process, and the adjustment energy consumption is lower. At the same time, the installation holes 31 on the positioning frame 3 are precisely processed to ensure the consistency of photovoltaic module installation, further improving the synchronization accuracy and stability of angle adjustment. This allows the entire rooftop photovoltaic system to flexibly adapt to different lighting scenarios and efficiently achieve unified operation and maintenance management.

[0063] This embodiment offers flexible and controllable control over the number and area of ​​operable photovoltaic modules, allowing for dynamic configuration based on farmers' actual roof conditions and policy requirements, thus enhancing the system's adaptability to different scenarios. Scenario 1: In terms of operation and maintenance, single or multiple photovoltaic modules can be activated, facilitating access for maintenance personnel to the roof without requiring high-altitude work, ensuring personnel safety. Scenario 2: Farmers' roofs are diverse in area and shape, and various combinations of quantities are available to adapt to different rural roof shapes.

[0064] Current technologies for adjusting photovoltaic (PV) modules typically involve using hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders to adjust the angle of the entire PV panel, failing to address the angle adjustment of individual panels. This results in underutilization of localized solar resources, with some areas experiencing low power generation efficiency due to mismatched angles, making it difficult to achieve optimal overall system energy conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the rigid, whole-pane adjustment method struggles to handle varying light levels caused by localized shading in complex rooftop environments (such as tree shadows or building protrusions), leading to prolonged inefficient operation of shaded PV panels. Additionally, hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder drives suffer from slow response times, high energy consumption, and susceptibility to temperature variations that reduce adjustment accuracy, increasing system maintenance complexity and costs.

[0065] In contrast, the rooftop photovoltaic system of this embodiment can achieve precise angle adjustment of a single photovoltaic panel through an independent angle adjustment mechanism 14 for each photovoltaic module 1. It can flexibly adapt to localized changes in sunlight or shading areas such as tree shadows or building protrusions, ensuring that each photovoltaic panel receives maximum effective sunlight and avoiding low power generation efficiency due to mismatched angles in certain areas. Simultaneously, this embodiment supports synchronous angle adjustment of all modules, efficiently responding to seasonal changes or daily variations in solar trajectory, meeting the needs of overall operation and maintenance management. Furthermore, the system uses a motor as its drive component, which offers fast response, low energy consumption, is less affected by temperature changes, and maintains stable adjustment accuracy, effectively reducing the difficulty and cost of system operation and maintenance.

[0066] Furthermore, existing technologies, due to the placement of large hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders beneath the entire photovoltaic panel and the panel's flip-up design, make it impossible to install a drainage system underneath. Additionally, the large gaps between photovoltaic modules and the lack of self-draining design necessitate complete reliance on the existing roof's waterproofing and drainage capabilities. This fails to meet the urgent need for roof protection in residential photovoltaic installations, easily leading to localized water accumulation on the roof, which can corrode the photovoltaic panel supports and the building's roof structure, shortening the system's lifespan. Furthermore, accumulated water may seep into the building's interior, causing leaks and other safety hazards.

[0067] In contrast, the rooftop photovoltaic system of this embodiment employs an independent angle adjustment mechanism 14 for each photovoltaic module 1, and the drive component 141 is a compact motor rather than a large hydraulic cylinder or pneumatic cylinder. This allows for ample space below the photovoltaic modules to accommodate a customized drainage system. Furthermore, the photovoltaic modules in this embodiment feature a tightly integrated structural design and a drainage system 4 positioned between the positioning frame 3 and the photovoltaic modules. Rainwater on the surface of the photovoltaic modules can be quickly diverted to the drainage system below through self-draining channels, eliminating the need to rely entirely on the original roof's waterproofing and drainage functions. This effectively prevents localized water accumulation on the roof, reduces the risk of corrosion to the photovoltaic panel support and building roof structure, extends the system's lifespan, and prevents water from seeping into the building's interior. This fundamentally eliminates safety hazards such as leaks and better meets the practical needs of farmers protecting their roofs in residential photovoltaic construction.

[0068] The drainage system 4 of this embodiment includes a first longitudinal water tank 41, a second longitudinal water tank 42, and a transverse water tank 43. Multiple first longitudinal water tanks 41 are provided, each positioned between two adjacent photovoltaic modules 1 and extending along the longitudinal edge of the photovoltaic module 1. The gap between two adjacent first longitudinal water tanks 41 can be 5 mm. Multiple transverse water tanks 43 are provided, each positioned below and connected to the first longitudinal water tanks 41, and extending along the transverse edge of the photovoltaic module 1 between two adjacent photovoltaic modules 1. At least one second longitudinal water tank 42 is provided, positioned below and connected to the transverse water tanks 43, and extending along the longitudinal edge of the photovoltaic module 1.

[0069] Rainwater on the surface of the photovoltaic modules is guided through self-drainage channels to the first longitudinal water trough 41 between adjacent modules. Rainwater in each of the first longitudinal water troughs 41 flows longitudinally and converges into the horizontal water trough 43 connected below. The horizontal water trough 43 collects and evens out the rainwater from different first longitudinal water troughs 41 before guiding it into the second longitudinal water trough 42 connected below. Finally, the rainwater is quickly discharged from the roof photovoltaic system area through the second longitudinal water trough 42. The multi-level, multi-directional drainage system design of this embodiment realizes the orderly guidance and efficient discharge of rainwater. It can not only quickly relieve the drainage pressure caused by instantaneous large rainfall, but also prevent rainwater from stagnating under the photovoltaic modules and on the roof surface. Compared with the traditional method of relying on roof drainage, this drainage system 4 reduces the risk of rainwater infiltration into the building roof structure layer, provides an additional protective barrier for the roof, and effectively meets the core demand of farmers for long-term roof protection.

[0070] In some embodiments, the support structure 2 is a bracket structure, including multiple spaced columns, and the positioning frame 3 is set at the top of the columns. The positioning frame 3 can be set as a herringbone sloping structure or a flat structure, depending on the actual needs of the farmers. Because the support structure 2 and the positioning frame 3 in this embodiment are directly erected above the roof, they occupy a small area of ​​the roof and will not affect the normal use of the original roof functions, such as drying grains and quilts.

[0071] The supporting structure 2 is provided with decorative components 5, specifically, the decorative components 5 are provided on the columns. The decorative components 5 can improve the aesthetics of the supporting structure 2.

[0072] In some embodiments, the rooftop photovoltaic system further includes a control system, wherein the controlled end of the angle adjustment mechanism 14 of each photovoltaic module 1 is connected to the output end of the control system.

[0073] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in a third aspect, a method for installing a rooftop photovoltaic system is provided, comprising: The support structure 2 is fixed to the roof of the building, and the positioning frame 3 is set on the support structure 2.

[0074] Based on the area, shape, and slope of the roof, select the corresponding number of photovoltaic modules and install each photovoltaic module onto the positioning frame 3 to form a photovoltaic array adapted to the roof.

[0075] Connect the electrical and control circuits so that each photovoltaic module can be adjusted in angle and opened / closed independently or in conjunction.

[0076] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in a fourth aspect, a control method for a rooftop photovoltaic system is provided, comprising at least one of the following control modes: Tracking control mode: Based on the change of solar altitude angle, the control system drives the angle adjustment mechanism 14 to automatically adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel group 11, optimize the incident light angle, and improve power generation efficiency.

[0077] Specifically, the control system collects solar azimuth and elevation angle data in real time through an integrated solar tracking sensor and real-time time information, and calculates the optimal tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel group 11 using a preset algorithm model. Subsequently, the control system sends precise control commands to the angle adjustment mechanism 14, driving it to adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel group through a motor, ensuring that the surface of the photovoltaic panel is always as perpendicular as possible to the incident sunlight, thereby maximizing the solar irradiance reception efficiency.

[0078] Wind-resistant control mode: When a strong wind warning signal is received, the photovoltaic panel group 11 is adjusted to the windward tangential angle by the angle adjustment mechanism 14 driven by the control system, which reduces wind resistance and overturning moment, reduces the risk of bracket tearing and photovoltaic module detachment, and improves the safety of the power station.

[0079] Specifically, the control system monitors wind conditions in real time by connecting to the real-time data interface of the meteorological early warning platform or by deploying wind speed and direction sensors on the roof. When a strong wind warning is received (such as wind speed reaching level 8 or above) or the real-time wind speed exceeds a preset safety threshold, the wind resistance response process is immediately initiated. First, the control system analyzes the collected wind speed and direction data, and, in conjunction with the structural parameters of the photovoltaic panel group and the load-bearing limit of the support frame, matches the corresponding windward tangential angle from the built-in wind resistance angle model. Subsequently, the control system sends continuous and precise fine-tuning commands to the angle adjustment mechanism 14, driving the motor to smoothly adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel group 11 to the target position, while simultaneously collecting angle feedback data in real time to ensure that the adjustment process is error-free.

[0080] In addition, stress sensors are installed at key stress-bearing nodes of the support structure, such as at the connection between the beams and columns. Vibration sensors are installed on the outer frame 12 or the inner frame 13 of the photovoltaic panel to collect the vibration amplitude of the photovoltaic panel in real time. The outputs of the stress sensors and vibration sensors are connected to the input of the control system. The control system will synchronously monitor the stress changes of the support structure and the vibration amplitude of the photovoltaic panel. If abnormal data exceeding the safe range is detected, an emergency shutdown mechanism will be immediately triggered and an alarm message will be pushed to the operation and maintenance terminal to achieve proactive defense against extreme wind conditions and comprehensively improve the wind resistance safety of the rooftop photovoltaic system.

[0081] Shadow avoidance control mode: By dynamically avoiding shadows and suppressing hot spots, the angle is actively fine-tuned to avoid sensitive areas. During periods of low solar altitude angle, the tilt angle of the front row of photovoltaic panels 11 is reduced to shorten the shadow length and decrease the spacing between the modules.

[0082] Specifically, during the early morning or late afternoon hours, the control system calculates the required reduction in tilt angle for the front row of photovoltaic panels by combining real-time solar azimuth angle, the spacing between photovoltaic panels, and a shadow projection simulation model. It performs dynamic fine-tuning periodically to ensure that the area shaded by the rear panels never exceeds a set value. Simultaneously, to suppress hot spot effects, the system collects real-time output current data for each photovoltaic panel. When the current value of a particular panel consistently falls below the average current of the string by a certain range, it is identified as having a potential hot spot risk. The tilt angle of that panel is immediately fine-tuned via an angle adjustment mechanism to prevent performance degradation or even damage caused by localized overheating. This dynamic shadow avoidance effectively protects the power generation efficiency and lifespan of the photovoltaic system.

[0083] On the other hand, the angle adjustment mechanism of the aforementioned rooftop photovoltaic system can flexibly adapt to the installation requirements of components under different slopes, ensuring that the components can still avoid shading each other when arranged in a compact manner, thereby allowing more photovoltaic components to be arranged in a unit area, greatly improving the utilization rate and economic benefits of roof space.

[0084] Operation and maintenance control mode: Drive the angle adjustment mechanism 14 of one or more photovoltaic modules to put the photovoltaic panel group 11 in the second position, providing a roof maintenance access.

[0085] Specifically, when rooftop equipment needs inspection or cleaning maintenance, maintenance personnel can issue maintenance mode commands through a local control terminal or a remote maintenance platform. After receiving the command, the control system first locates the target area where a maintenance passage needs to be opened, and then drives the angle adjustment mechanism 14 corresponding to the photovoltaic modules in that area to adjust the photovoltaic panel group 11 to the preset second position, forming a maintenance passage to meet the safe passage requirements for personnel and tools.

[0086] Self-cleaning control mode: The control system drives the angle adjustment mechanism 14 to adjust the photovoltaic panel 11 to a tilt angle of 60 to 90 degrees, utilizing rainfall to wash away surface dust and fallen leaves, significantly reducing the frequency of manual cleaning and solving the common problem of power generation degradation caused by the lack of cleaning after the roof photovoltaic modules become dirty. Alternatively, after snowfall, the photovoltaic panel 11 can be raised to allow the snow to slide off automatically, avoiding long-term shutdowns and roof overload risks caused by snow cover.

[0087] Ventilation mode: When ventilation is required, the angle adjustment mechanism 14 of one or more photovoltaic modules is driven by the control system to put the photovoltaic panel group 11 in the second position, so that a smooth air convection channel is formed between the roof and the photovoltaic panel group, which accelerates heat dissipation, avoids the photovoltaic panel from reducing power generation efficiency due to high temperature, reduces the impact of local overheating of the roof on the building structure, lowers the operating temperature, improves conversion efficiency, and slows down material aging.

[0088] Although embodiments of the invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, include: Photovoltaic panel outer frame (12); The inner frame (13) of the photovoltaic panel is rotatably mounted on the outer frame (12) of the photovoltaic panel on one side, and the other side is a movable end; A photovoltaic panel assembly (11) is mounted on an inner frame (13) of a photovoltaic panel, the photovoltaic panel assembly (11) comprising at least one photovoltaic panel; An angle adjustment mechanism (14) is used to adjust the angle of the inner frame (13) of the photovoltaic panel and the photovoltaic panel group (11). The angle adjustment mechanism (14) includes a drive component (141), a transmission component (142), a sliding connector (143), and a support rod (144). The drive component (141) is connected to the transmission component (142). The drive component (141) and the transmission component (142) are respectively disposed inside the inner frame (13) of the photovoltaic panel. The output end of the transmission component (142) is connected to the sliding connector (143) and is used to drive the sliding connector (143) to slide along the edge of the inner frame (13) of the photovoltaic panel. One end of the support rod (144) is hinged to the sliding connector (143), and the other end of the support rod (144) is hinged to the inner wall of the outer frame (12) of the photovoltaic panel. The photovoltaic panel assembly (11) has a first position and a second position. When the photovoltaic panel assembly (11) is in the first position, both the photovoltaic panel assembly (11) and the inner frame (13) of the photovoltaic panel are located inside the outer frame (12) of the photovoltaic panel, and the photovoltaic panel assembly (11) is closedly arranged on the outer frame (12) of the photovoltaic panel. When the photovoltaic panel assembly (11) is in the second position, both the photovoltaic panel assembly (11) and the inner frame (13) of the photovoltaic panel form an angle with the outer frame (12) of the photovoltaic panel. The inner frame (13) of the photovoltaic panel includes a first long side plate, a first short side plate, a second long side plate and a second short side plate. The first long side plate, the first short side plate, the second long side plate and the second short side plate are arranged in sequence to form a rectangular frame. The first long side plate is rotatably mounted on the outer frame (12) of the photovoltaic panel, and the second long side plate is a movable end. The transmission assembly (142) includes: The first transmission rod (1421) is connected to the output end of the drive assembly (141). The first transmission rod (1421) is located inside the long side plate of the photovoltaic panel inner frame (13) and is parallel to the long side plate of the photovoltaic panel inner frame (13). The second threaded transmission rod (1422) is connected to the first transmission rod (1421) through the conversion structure (1423). The second threaded transmission rod (1422) is rotatably disposed inside the short side plate of the photovoltaic panel inner frame (13) and parallel to the short side plate of the photovoltaic panel inner frame (13). The second threaded transmission rod (1422) is threadedly fitted with the sliding connector (143). The long side plate of the inner frame (13) of the photovoltaic panel is perpendicular to the short side plate of the inner frame (13) of the photovoltaic panel.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive assembly (141) includes a motor.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the first short side plate, the second long side plate, and the second short side plate are respectively provided with a shielding plate (131). When the photovoltaic panel group (11) is in the first position, the shielding plates (131) of the first short side plate, the second long side plate, and the second short side plate abut against the top surface of the photovoltaic panel outer frame (12).

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two transmission components (142), two sliding connectors (143), and two support rods (144) are provided. The two transmission components (142) are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center line of the inner frame (13) of the photovoltaic panel. The two transmission components (142) are driven by one drive component (141) at the same time. The two sliding connectors (143) slide along the two short side plates of the inner frame (13) of the photovoltaic panel respectively. The two support rods (144) are respectively hinged to the inner side wall of the outer frame (12) of the photovoltaic panel.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic panel is a lightweight photovoltaic panel; and / or The outer surfaces of the sliding connector (143) and / or support rod (144) are coated with an anti-corrosion coating.

6. A rooftop photovoltaic system, characterized in that, include: Support structure (2) is installed above the roof of the building; A positioning frame (3) is provided at the top of the support structure (2), and the positioning frame (3) is provided with a plurality of mounting holes (31). The photovoltaic module (1) according to any one of claims 1-5 is respectively installed at the position of the mounting hole (31) and connected to the positioning frame (3), and the angle adjustment mechanism (14) in each photovoltaic module (1) operates independently or synchronously.

7. The rooftop photovoltaic system according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a drainage system (4), which is disposed between the positioning frame (3) and the photovoltaic module; The drainage system (4) includes a first longitudinal water tank (41), a second longitudinal water tank (42), and a transverse water tank (43). Multiple first longitudinal water tanks (41) are provided, and the first longitudinal water tanks (41) are provided between two adjacent photovoltaic modules (1) and extend along the longitudinal edge of the photovoltaic module (1); Multiple horizontal water tanks (43) are provided. The horizontal water tanks (43) are located below the first vertical water tank (41) and are connected to the first vertical water tank (41). The horizontal water tanks (43) are located between two adjacent photovoltaic modules (1) and extend along the horizontal edge of the photovoltaic module (1). At least one second longitudinal water tank (42) is provided. The second longitudinal water tank (42) is located below the transverse water tank (43) and communicates with the transverse water tank (43). The second longitudinal water tank (42) extends along the longitudinal edge of the photovoltaic module (1).

8. A method for installing a rooftop photovoltaic system, characterized in that, The method is the installation method for the rooftop photovoltaic system as described in claim 6 or 7, comprising: The support structure (2) is fixed to the roof of the building, and the positioning frame (3) is set on the support structure (2); Based on the area, shape and slope of the roof, select the corresponding number of photovoltaic modules and install each photovoltaic module onto the positioning frame (3) to form a photovoltaic array adapted to the roof. Connect the electrical and control circuits so that each photovoltaic module can be adjusted in angle and opened / closed independently or in conjunction.

9. A control method for a rooftop photovoltaic system, characterized in that, The method is the control method for the rooftop photovoltaic system according to claim 6 or 7, and includes at least one of the following control modes: Tracking control mode: Based on the change of solar altitude angle, the drive angle adjustment mechanism (14) automatically adjusts the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel group (11) to optimize the incident light angle and improve power generation efficiency; Wind-resistant control mode: When a strong wind warning signal is received, the drive angle adjustment mechanism (14) adjusts the photovoltaic panel group (11) to the windward tangential angle to reduce wind resistance and overturning moment; Shadow avoidance control mode: During periods of low solar altitude angle, reduce the tilt angle of the front row of photovoltaic panels (11) to shorten the shadow length and reduce the spacing between the modules; Operation and maintenance control mode: Drive the angle adjustment mechanism (14) of one or more photovoltaic modules to put the photovoltaic panel group (11) in the second position and provide a roof maintenance access; Self-cleaning control mode: Drive the angle adjustment mechanism (14) to adjust the photovoltaic panel group (11) to an angle of 60 to 90 degrees, use rain to wash away surface dust and fallen leaves, or lift the photovoltaic panel group (11) after snow so that the snow can slide off automatically; Ventilation mode: Drive the angle adjustment mechanism (14) of one or more photovoltaic modules to put the photovoltaic panel group (11) in the second position, so that a smooth air convection channel is formed between the roof and the photovoltaic panel group.

Images