A method and system for intelligent monitoring of link anomalies in a microwave mobile station

Abstract

The application provides a kind of microwave mobile station's link exception intelligent monitoring method and system, wherein the method includes using Gaussian error function to calculate the bit error rate of microwave link, and the received signal level is calculated.The received signal level is divided by the noise power spectral density to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio of microwave link.The voltage standing wave ratio of microwave antenna of microwave mobile station is detected, the type of link exception of microwave mobile station is judged according to the bit error rate, received signal level, signal-to-noise ratio of microwave link and voltage standing wave ratio, and alarm prompt is sent according to the type of link exception.The application designs two kinds of Gaussian error function calculation methods for high signal-to-noise ratio and low signal-to-noise ratio, and then calculates the bit error rate according to the Gaussian error function, which improves the calculation accuracy of bit error rate under different signal-to-noise ratios.Due to the different feedback of different types of faults in the above indicators, the application actively predicts the exception of microwave communication link and intelligently distinguishes the type of microwave link exception caused by different factors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of microwave communication technology, specifically to a method and system for intelligent monitoring of link anomalies in microwave mobile stations. Background Technology

[0002] Microwave links play a crucial role in mobile communication networks due to their high bandwidth and rapid deployment capabilities, especially as backhaul links between base stations or in the core network. However, their line-of-sight transmission characteristics make them highly susceptible to environmental factors, equipment malfunctions, and interference. Therefore, a comprehensive and real-time microwave link anomaly monitoring system is needed to ensure the stability of microwave communication networks and reduce the probability of data transmission interruptions.

[0003] The core task of microwave link anomaly monitoring is to assess the communication quality of the microwave link in real time and provide accurate early warning before anomalies occur. The above process relies on monitoring the following key indicators: (1) Received signal level (RSL), which reflects signal strength and is a basic indicator for measuring link quality. Rapid changes or abnormal attenuation are leading indicators of link failure. (2) Bit error rate (BER), which reflects the accuracy of data transmission. An excessively high BER usually means that the microwave link quality has deteriorated. (3) Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which measures the relative strength of signal and noise and is used to determine whether the microwave link is subject to external interference. (4) Throughput and capacity, which reflect the actual transmission efficiency of the microwave link. A significant decrease in these values ​​usually indicates that there is a serious problem with the microwave link.

[0004] Microwave link anomalies can be categorized as follows: (1) Physical and environmental factors, caused by severe weather such as rain attenuation, wind-induced swaying, and antenna icing. Microwave beam offset caused by tower swaying is a common fault. (2) Equipment failure and aging, some cellular site problems originate from the aging of passive components such as cables, connectors, and antennas. (3) External radio frequency interference, originating from nearby Wi-Fi devices, other operator base stations, and industrial equipment. This interference is often characterized by normal RSL but deterioration of bit error rate and signal-to-noise ratio. (4) Natural propagation anomalies, including atmospheric waveguides and multipath effects, have a particularly significant impact on long-distance trunk lines, often leading to a sudden increase in bit error rate.

[0005] In summary, there is a need for a technology that can proactively predict anomalies in microwave communication links, intelligently distinguish the types of anomalies caused by different factors, and thus issue early warnings to improve the stability of microwave communication networks and reduce the probability of data interruption. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the problems existing in related technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for intelligent monitoring of link anomalies of microwave mobile stations. The method can be applied to remote areas, with a drone as the master station and a microwave mobile station as the slave station. It does not rely solely on the RSSI voltage of the slave station, reduces interference from environmental factors such as atmosphere and rainfall, and achieves two-stage microwave antenna alignment.

[0007] A method for intelligent monitoring of link anomalies in microwave mobile stations includes: The bit error rate of the microwave link is calculated using the Gaussian error function; Calculate the received signal level; Divide the received signal level by the noise power spectral density to obtain the microwave link signal-to-noise ratio; Detect the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the microwave antenna of the microwave mobile station; The link anomaly type of the microwave mobile station is determined based on the bit error rate, received signal level, microwave link signal-to-noise ratio, and voltage standing wave ratio. An alarm will be issued based on the type of link anomaly.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of calculating the bit error rate of the microwave link using a Gaussian error function includes: The bit error rate of a microwave link is calculated using the following formula: in, Let E be the bit error rate of the microwave link, Q be the Gaussian error function, and E be the bit error rate. b N is the energy per bit, and N0 is the noise power spectral density.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, before calculating the bit error rate of the microwave link using a Gaussian error function, the method further includes: Detect the signal-to-noise ratio of the microwave link in the microwave mobile station; If the signal-to-noise ratio is less than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold, the Gaussian error function is calculated using the following formula: Where x represents the normalized decision threshold, which is proportional to the square root of the received signal-to-noise ratio, e represents an exponential function with the natural constant as the base, and a i Let b represent the i-th multiplicative coefficient. i Let represent the i-th exponential coefficient, Q be used to characterize the probability that the standard normal random variable is greater than x, and M be the total number of exponential terms; If the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than or equal to the signal-to-noise ratio threshold, then calculate the lower bound and upper bound of the error function: Wherein, LB represents the lower bound of the error function, and UB represents the upper bound of the error function; Calculate the Gaussian error function based on the lower and upper bounds of the error function.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the calculation of the received signal level includes: The transmission gain is obtained by adding the gain of the microwave transmitting antenna and the gain of the microwave receiving antenna to the signal gain output from the transmitter port. The received signal level is obtained by subtracting the total loss gain from the transmission gain; wherein the total loss gain is used to characterize the sum of losses of the microwave signal during transmission.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, before subtracting the total loss gain from the transmission gain, the method further includes: Calculate free space loss; The total loss gain is obtained by adding the free space loss to the feeder loss, rain attenuation loss, and gas loss.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of detecting the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the microwave antenna of the microwave mobile station includes: The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of a microwave antenna is calculated using the following formula: Wherein, VSWR represents the voltage standing wave ratio of the microwave antenna, and Γ represents the reflection coefficient, which is used to characterize the percentage of radio frequency energy emitted by the microwave antenna that is reflected back.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of calculating the Gaussian error function based on the lower bound and the upper bound of the error function includes: Calculate the mean of the lower and upper bounds of the error function to obtain the first adjusted upper bound; Calculate the mean of the lower bound of the error function and the first adjusted upper bound to obtain the first adjusted lower bound; The average of the first adjusted lower bound and the first adjusted upper bound is used as the second adjusted upper bound; The average of the second adjusted upper bound and the first adjusted lower bound is used as the second adjusted lower bound; Calculate the mean of the second adjusted lower bound and the second adjusted upper bound to obtain the Gaussian error function.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, determining the link anomaly type of the microwave mobile station based on the bit error rate, received signal level, microwave link signal-to-noise ratio, and voltage standing wave ratio includes: If the received signal level is lower than the level threshold, the bit error rate is greater than the bit error rate threshold, and the microwave link is intermittently interrupted, then it is determined that the outdoor unit or the indoor unit has failed. If the received signal level is lower than the level threshold, the received signal level is unbalanced, and the voltage standing wave ratio is greater than the standing wave ratio threshold, then the antenna or feeder is determined to be faulty. If the received signal level is lower than the level threshold, the microwave link signal-to-noise ratio is lower than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold, and the bit error rate is greater than the bit error rate threshold, then the microwave antenna is determined to be misaligned. If the received signal level is greater than or equal to the level threshold, the microwave link signal-to-noise ratio is lower than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold, and the bit error rate is greater than the bit error rate threshold, then the microwave receiver gain is determined to have decreased.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the calculation of free space loss includes: Calculate the free space loss using the following formula: Among them, L s Let lg represent the free space loss, lg represent the logarithmic function with the natural constant as the base, fre represent the microwave signal frequency, and dis represent the microwave signal transmission distance.

[0016] This invention also provides an intelligent monitoring system for link anomalies in microwave mobile stations, comprising: The bit error rate calculation module is used to calculate the bit error rate of the microwave link using a Gaussian error function; The received signal level calculation module is used to calculate the received signal level. The microwave link signal-to-noise ratio calculation module is used to divide the received signal level by the noise power spectral density to obtain the microwave link signal-to-noise ratio. Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) detection module, used to detect the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the microwave antenna of a microwave mobile station; The link anomaly type determination module is used to determine the link anomaly type of the microwave mobile station based on the bit error rate, received signal level, microwave link signal-to-noise ratio, and voltage standing wave ratio. The alarm notification module is used to issue alarm notifications based on the type of link anomaly.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The intelligent monitoring method for microwave mobile station link anomalies provided by this invention includes calculating the bit error rate (BER) of the microwave link using a Gaussian error function. The BER is a core indicator for evaluating the transmission quality of a digital microwave communication system, quantifying the proportion of erroneous bits at the receiving end to the total transmitted bits. The most significant noise source in a microwave link is additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), which follows a Gaussian distribution. Therefore, a Gaussian error function is used to describe the probability of bit errors, i.e., the probability that the tail of the noise voltage exceeds the decision threshold. This invention designs two calculation methods for the Gaussian error function for high and low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), and then calculates the BER based on the Gaussian error function, improving the accuracy of BER calculation under different SNR conditions. The received signal level is calculated, representing the power of the actual useful signal at the microwave receiver's antenna port. Combined with free space loss, feeder loss, rain attenuation loss, and gas loss, the total loss gain is obtained. Taking into account the effects of rainfall and gas absorption bands accurately reflects the magnitude of the total loss gain, thus facilitating subsequent determination of the microwave link fault type using the received signal level. The received signal level is divided by the noise power spectral density to obtain the microwave link SNR. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a microwave link is a core indicator of microwave link quality, directly determining the receiver's ability to extract effective information from background noise. A sufficiently high SNR is a prerequisite for achieving low bit error rates and stable communication. The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the microwave antenna in a microwave mobile station is detected. VSWR is a core indicator of impedance matching in a microwave transmission system, describing the fluctuations of the standing wave formed by the superposition of incident and reflected waves on the transmission line. Since different types of faults elicit different responses in these indicators, this application comprehensively judges the link anomaly type of the microwave mobile station based on the bit error rate, received signal level, microwave link SNR, and VSWR. For example, if the received signal level is below a threshold, the bit error rate is above a threshold, and the microwave link is intermittently interrupted, then a fault is determined to have occurred in either the outdoor or indoor unit. If the received signal level is below a threshold, the received signal level is unbalanced, and the VSWR is above a threshold, then an antenna or feeder fault is determined. This invention monitors the four core indicators mentioned above to reflect the impact of equipment aging, rain attenuation, and atmospheric propagation on microwave transmission. It enables proactive prediction of microwave communication link anomalies, intelligently distinguishes the types of microwave link anomalies caused by different factors, and issues early warnings to improve the stability of microwave communication networks and reduce the probability of data interruption. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the intelligent monitoring method for link anomalies of microwave mobile stations according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is an ACU monitoring information diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is the packet loss rate monitoring interface of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the invention will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

[0020] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for intelligent monitoring of link anomalies in microwave mobile stations, including: S1: The bit error rate of the microwave link is calculated using the Gaussian error function; S2: Calculate the received signal level; S3: Divide the received signal level by the noise power spectral density to obtain the microwave link signal-to-noise ratio; S4: Detect the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the microwave antenna of the microwave mobile station; S5: Determine the link anomaly type of the microwave mobile station based on the bit error rate, received signal level, microwave link signal-to-noise ratio, and voltage standing wave ratio; S6: Issue an alarm prompt based on the type of link anomaly.

[0021] The calculation of the bit error rate of the microwave link using the Gaussian error function includes: The bit error rate of a microwave link is calculated using the following formula: (1) in, Let E be the bit error rate of the microwave link, Q be the Gaussian error function, and E be the bit error rate. b N is the energy per bit, and N0 is the noise power spectral density.

[0022] The bit error rate (BER) of a microwave link is the ratio of the number of erroneous bits received at the receiver to the total number of transmitted bits over a period of time. This invention uses a Gaussian error function to calculate the BER, which is independent of the bit sequence content and the specific waveform of the signal, and can unify the expression of various modulation methods.

[0023] Before calculating the bit error rate of the microwave link using the Gaussian error function, the method further includes: S11': Detect the signal-to-noise ratio of the microwave link of the microwave mobile station; S12': If the signal-to-noise ratio is less than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold, the Gaussian error function is calculated using the following formula: (2) Where x represents the normalized decision threshold, which is proportional to the square root of the received signal-to-noise ratio, e represents an exponential function with the natural constant as the base, and a i Let b represent the i-th multiplicative coefficient. i Let represent the i-th exponential coefficient, Q be used to characterize the probability that the standard normal random variable is greater than x, and M be the total number of exponential terms; S13': If the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than or equal to the signal-to-noise ratio threshold, then calculate the lower bound and upper bound of the error function: (3) (4) Wherein, LB represents the lower bound of the error function, and UB represents the upper bound of the error function; S14': Calculate the Gaussian error function based on the lower and upper bounds of the error function.

[0024] When the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the microwave link is low, i.e., the SNR is less than the SNR threshold, the exponential approximation method is used to calculate the Gaussian error function. This method has high computational efficiency and can fit the integral form of the Gaussian error function well, thus achieving a balance between computational accuracy and analytical form. It retains the convenience of closed-form solutions while ensuring that the calculation results are close to the true values.

[0025] In high signal-to-noise ratio scenarios, the Gaussian error function of the microwave link approaches 0, making accurate calculation difficult. Therefore, this invention combines the lower and upper bounds of the error function to narrow the range and approximate the true value of the Gaussian error function. The lower bound of this invention is applicable to x > 0. The lower and upper bounds of the error function work together to form a tight clamping band. The lower bound of this invention is greater than 0 to avoid distortion caused by negative values. Formulas (3) and (4) can overcome the underflow problem under high signal-to-noise ratio conditions, provide reliable lower and upper bounds, and efficiently determine whether the microwave link of the microwave mobile station meets the bit error rate index. Since the bit error rate of the microwave mobile station is higher than that of the fixed station, and the microwave mobile station is in a mobile state, using formula (2) to calculate the Gaussian error function under low signal-to-noise ratio conditions, and then calculating the bit error rate of the microwave link, can improve the real-time performance of dynamically calculating the bit error rate of the microwave link. Under high signal-to-noise ratio conditions, the lower bound and upper bound of the error function are calculated using formulas (3)-(4), the Gaussian error function is calculated using the squeeze method, and then the bit error rate of the microwave link is calculated. This can reduce the error caused by the movement of the microwave mobile station and thus more timely determine the abnormal type of the microwave mobile station link.

[0026] The calculation of the Gaussian error function based on the lower and upper bounds of the error function includes: S141': Calculate the mean of the lower bound and the upper bound of the error function to obtain the first adjusted upper bound; S142': Calculate the mean of the lower bound of the error function and the first adjusted upper bound to obtain the first adjusted lower bound; S143': The average of the first adjusted lower bound and the first adjusted upper bound is used as the second adjusted upper bound; S144': The average of the second adjusted upper bound and the first adjusted lower bound is used as the second adjusted lower bound; S145': Calculate the mean of the second adjusted lower bound and the second adjusted upper bound to obtain the Gaussian error function.

[0027] By repeatedly averaging the values, the lower and upper bounds of the error function are continuously adjusted upwards and downwards, employing a squeezing-in approach from both sides to make the Gaussian error function of the microwave link under high signal-to-noise ratio closer to the true value. During this process, all adjusted lower bounds are less than the true value, and all adjusted upper bounds are greater than or equal to the true value. After multiple adjustments, the lower and upper bounds become tighter across the entire x-range, thus approximating the true value with arbitrary precision.

[0028] This invention transforms an integral function into an exponential function summation method under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions, enabling the calculation of the Gaussian error function to obtain a closed-form solution. This achieves convenience in microwave communication performance analysis with controllable computational complexity. Under high SNR conditions, the value of the Gaussian error function approaches zero, the absolute error becomes very small, and the lower and upper bounds of the error function rapidly converge, forming a narrow confidence band. By repeatedly adjusting the lower and upper bounds of the error function, during the squeeze test, the lower and upper bounds of the error function appear as two nearly straight lines in the logarithmic domain, thus preventing underflow. The squeeze estimation achieves high accuracy, and the computational complexity is reduced by adjusting the lower and upper bounds of the error function a finite number of times.

[0029] Figure 2 This is the ACU monitoring information diagram of the present invention, where ACU stands for Microwave Antenna Control Unit. Figure 3 This is the packet loss rate monitoring interface of the present invention. Figure 3 The number of lost packets is calculated by subtracting the number of received packets from the number of transmitted packets. Dividing the number of lost packets by the number of transmitted packets yields the packet loss rate. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the microwave link determines the quality of the received signal, which in turn determines the bit error rate (BER). The cumulative BER ultimately manifests as the packet loss rate.

[0030] The intelligent monitoring method for microwave mobile station link anomalies provided in this embodiment includes calculating the bit error rate (BER) of the microwave link using a Gaussian error function. The BER is a core indicator for evaluating the transmission quality of a digital microwave communication system, quantifying the proportion of erroneous bits at the receiving end to the total transmitted bits. The most significant noise source in the microwave link is additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), which follows a Gaussian distribution. Therefore, the Gaussian error function is used to describe the probability of bit errors, i.e., the probability that the tail of the noise voltage exceeds the decision threshold. This invention designs two calculation methods for the Gaussian error function for high and low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), and then calculates the BER based on the Gaussian error function, improving the accuracy of BER calculation under different SNRs. The received signal level is calculated, representing the power of the actual useful signal at the microwave receiver's antenna port. Combined with free space loss, feeder loss, rain attenuation loss, and gas loss, the total loss gain is obtained. Taking into account the effects of rainfall and gas absorption bands accurately reflects the magnitude of the total loss gain, thus facilitating subsequent determination of the microwave link fault type using the received signal level. The received signal level is divided by the noise power spectral density to obtain the microwave link SNR. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a microwave link is a core indicator of microwave link quality, directly determining the receiver's ability to extract effective information from background noise. A sufficiently high SNR is a prerequisite for achieving low bit error rates and stable communication. The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the microwave antenna in a microwave mobile station is detected. VSWR is a core indicator of impedance matching in a microwave transmission system, describing the fluctuations of the standing wave formed by the superposition of incident and reflected waves on the transmission line. Since different types of faults elicit different responses in these indicators, this application comprehensively judges the link anomaly type of the microwave mobile station based on the bit error rate, received signal level, microwave link SNR, and VSWR. For example, if the received signal level is below a threshold, the bit error rate is above a threshold, and the microwave link is intermittently interrupted, then a fault is determined to have occurred in either the outdoor or indoor unit. If the received signal level is below a threshold, the received signal level is unbalanced, and the VSWR is above a threshold, then an antenna or feeder fault is determined. This invention monitors the four core indicators mentioned above to reflect the impact of equipment aging, rain attenuation, and atmospheric propagation on microwave transmission. It enables proactive prediction of microwave communication link anomalies, intelligently distinguishes the types of microwave link anomalies caused by different factors, and issues early warnings to improve the stability of microwave communication networks and reduce the probability of data interruption.

[0031] Example 2 This embodiment describes the differences from Embodiment 1, based on Embodiment 1. The calculation of the received signal level includes: S21: Add the gain of the microwave transmitting antenna and the gain of the microwave receiving antenna to the signal gain output from the transmitter port to obtain the transmission gain; S22: Subtract the total loss gain from the transmission gain to obtain the received signal level; wherein, the total loss gain is used to characterize the sum of losses of the microwave signal during transmission.

[0032] The received signal level is equal to the sum of all gains during microwave transmission minus the sum of all attenuations, and the signal gain P output from the transmitter port is... t This demonstrates the transmitter's microwave transmission capability, and the microwave transmitting antenna gain G. t This refers to the ability of a microwave antenna to focus signal energy in a specific direction. t The larger the gain G, the more concentrated the microwave signal is in one direction. r This demonstrates the receiving antenna's ability to receive microwave signals.

[0033] Before subtracting the total loss gain from the transmission gain, the method further includes: S211': Calculate free space loss; S212': Add the free space loss to the feeder loss, rain attenuation loss and gas loss to obtain the total loss gain.

[0034] The calculation of free space loss includes: Calculate the free space loss using the following formula: (5) Among them, L s Let lg represent the free space loss, lg represent the logarithmic function with the natural constant as the base, fre represent the microwave signal frequency, and dis represent the microwave signal transmission distance.

[0035] Formula (5) takes into account both the microwave signal frequency and the microwave signal transmission distance. The power density at the microwave receiving point is inversely proportional to the square of the distance and is also related to the frequency.

[0036] When microwaves propagate in a vacuum, neglecting gas attenuation, the energy density decreases inversely with the square of the distance due to wavefront diffusion (spherical wave diffusion), causing microwave attenuation. Feeder loss refers to the energy loss caused by conductor resistance and dielectric leakage during the transmission of microwave signals from the transmitter at the master station to the microwave antenna at the mobile station. Rain attenuation refers to the absorption and scattering of microwave energy by raindrops during rainfall, leading to microwave signal energy attenuation. Gas loss refers to the absorption of microwave energy of different frequencies by oxygen and water vapor in the atmosphere, converting microwave energy into heat energy.

[0037] The received signal level in this embodiment comprehensively considers microwave losses caused by spherical wave spread, hardware, rainfall, and gas distribution, making the calculated received signal level close to the true value. The received signal level refers to the absolute power of the signal at the receiver port, reflecting the quality and reliability of microwave communication.

[0038] Example 3 This embodiment describes the differences from Embodiment 1, based on Embodiment 1. The step of detecting the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the microwave antenna of the microwave mobile station includes: The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of a microwave antenna is calculated using the following formula: (6) Wherein, VSWR represents the voltage standing wave ratio of the microwave antenna, and Γ represents the reflection coefficient, which characterizes the percentage of radio frequency energy emitted by the microwave antenna that is reflected back. The reflection coefficient Γ is the ratio of the reflected wave voltage to the incident wave voltage, directly reflecting the amplitude and phase relationship between the reflected and incident waves.

[0039] Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) is a key indicator for measuring the impedance matching between microwave antennas and other components and transmission lines, determining signal transmission efficiency and system stability. VSWR is the ratio of the maximum to the minimum voltage on the transmission line, and this invention uses the reflection coefficient Γ to calculate it. When Γ=0, the VSWR equals 1, indicating perfect matching, allowing for the complete, non-reflective transmission of microwave energy. When |Γ|=1, the VSWR approaches positive infinity, indicating total reflection, at which point the system may have an open circuit or short circuit.

[0040] The method of determining the link anomaly type of the microwave mobile station based on bit error rate, received signal level, microwave link signal-to-noise ratio, and voltage standing wave ratio includes: S51: If the received signal level is lower than the level threshold, the bit error rate is greater than the bit error rate threshold, and the microwave link is intermittently interrupted, then it is determined that the outdoor unit or the indoor unit has failed. S52: If the received signal level is lower than the level threshold, the received signal level is unbalanced, and the voltage standing wave ratio is greater than the standing wave ratio threshold, then the antenna or feeder is determined to be faulty. S53: If the received signal level is lower than the level threshold, the microwave link signal-to-noise ratio is lower than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold, and the bit error rate is greater than the bit error rate threshold, then the microwave antenna is determined to be misaligned. S54: If the received signal level is greater than or equal to the level threshold, the microwave link signal-to-noise ratio is lower than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold, and the bit error rate is greater than the bit error rate threshold, then the microwave receiver is determined to be faulty.

[0041] Antenna misalignment causes main beam deviation, resulting in decreased received energy, a stable decrease in received signal level, increased bit error rate, and a reduced microwave link signal-to-noise ratio. There is asymmetry in the received signal levels at the microwave transmitter and receiver, although the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is normal.

[0042] Feeder line faults can be caused by water ingress, flattening, or loose connections, leading to impedance discontinuities, increased transmission loss, and increased reflection. Feeder line faults cause a significant increase in the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), resulting in a decrease and fluctuation in the received signal level.

[0043] Indoor or outdoor unit failures can cause a decrease in gain and a frequency shift, resulting in a lower or no received signal level, an increased bit error rate, intermittent microwave link interruptions, and a normal voltage standing wave ratio.

[0044] A decrease in microwave receiver gain results in an extremely low received signal level, a reduced microwave link signal-to-noise ratio, a high bit error rate, while the voltage standing wave ratio remains normal.

[0045] This invention also provides an intelligent monitoring system for link anomalies in microwave mobile stations, comprising: The bit error rate calculation module is used to calculate the bit error rate of the microwave link using a Gaussian error function; The received signal level calculation module is used to calculate the received signal level. The microwave link signal-to-noise ratio calculation module is used to divide the received signal level by the noise power spectral density to obtain the microwave link signal-to-noise ratio. Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) detection module, used to detect the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the microwave antenna of a microwave mobile station; The link anomaly type determination module is used to determine the link anomaly type of the microwave mobile station based on the bit error rate, received signal level, microwave link signal-to-noise ratio, and voltage standing wave ratio. The alarm notification module is used to issue alarm notifications based on the type of link anomaly.

[0046] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, apparatus, article, or method that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, apparatus, article, or method. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, apparatus, article, or method that includes that element.

[0047] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application and does not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural changes made based on the content of this application's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for intelligent monitoring of link anomalies in microwave mobile stations, characterized in that, include: The bit error rate of the microwave link is calculated using the Gaussian error function; Calculate the received signal level; Divide the received signal level by the noise power spectral density to obtain the microwave link signal-to-noise ratio; Detect the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the microwave antenna of the microwave mobile station; The link anomaly type of the microwave mobile station is determined based on the bit error rate, received signal level, microwave link signal-to-noise ratio, and voltage standing wave ratio. An alarm will be issued based on the type of link anomaly.

2. The intelligent monitoring method for link anomalies of microwave mobile stations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the bit error rate of the microwave link using the Gaussian error function includes: The bit error rate of a microwave link is calculated using the following formula: in, Let E be the bit error rate of the microwave link, Q be the Gaussian error function, and E be the bit error rate. b N is the energy per bit, and N0 is the noise power spectral density.

3. The intelligent monitoring method for link anomalies of microwave mobile stations according to claim 2, characterized in that, Before calculating the bit error rate of the microwave link using the Gaussian error function, the method further includes: Detect the signal-to-noise ratio of the microwave link in the microwave mobile station; If the signal-to-noise ratio is less than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold, the Gaussian error function is calculated using the following formula: Where x represents the normalized decision threshold, which is proportional to the square root of the received signal-to-noise ratio, e represents an exponential function with the natural constant as the base, and a i Let b represent the i-th multiplicative coefficient. i Let represent the i-th exponential coefficient, Q be used to characterize the probability that the standard normal random variable is greater than x, and M be the total number of exponential terms; If the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than or equal to the signal-to-noise ratio threshold, then calculate the lower bound and upper bound of the error function: Wherein, LB represents the lower bound of the error function, and UB represents the upper bound of the error function; Calculate the Gaussian error function based on the lower and upper bounds of the error function.

4. The intelligent monitoring method for link anomalies of microwave mobile stations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the received signal level includes: The transmission gain is obtained by adding the gain of the microwave transmitting antenna and the gain of the microwave receiving antenna to the signal gain output from the transmitter port. The received signal level is obtained by subtracting the total loss gain from the transmission gain; wherein the total loss gain is used to characterize the sum of losses of the microwave signal during transmission.

5. The intelligent monitoring method for link anomalies of microwave mobile stations according to claim 4, characterized in that, Before subtracting the total loss gain from the transmission gain, the method further includes: Calculate free space loss; The total loss gain is obtained by adding the free space loss to the feeder loss, rain attenuation loss, and gas loss.

6. The intelligent monitoring method for link anomalies of microwave mobile stations according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method for detecting the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the microwave antenna of the microwave mobile station includes: The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of a microwave antenna is calculated using the following formula: Wherein, VSWR represents the voltage standing wave ratio of the microwave antenna, and Γ represents the reflection coefficient, which is used to characterize the percentage of radio frequency energy emitted by the microwave antenna that is reflected back.

7. The intelligent monitoring method for link anomalies of microwave mobile stations according to claim 3, characterized in that, The calculation of the Gaussian error function based on the lower and upper bounds of the error function includes: Calculate the mean of the lower and upper bounds of the error function to obtain the first adjusted upper bound; Calculate the mean of the lower bound of the error function and the first adjusted upper bound to obtain the first adjusted lower bound; The average of the first adjusted lower bound and the first adjusted upper bound is used as the second adjusted upper bound; The average of the second adjusted upper bound and the first adjusted lower bound is used as the second adjusted lower bound; Calculate the mean of the second adjusted lower bound and the second adjusted upper bound to obtain the Gaussian error function.

8. The intelligent monitoring method for link anomalies of microwave mobile stations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of determining the link anomaly type of the microwave mobile station based on bit error rate, received signal level, microwave link signal-to-noise ratio, and voltage standing wave ratio includes: If the received signal level is lower than the level threshold, the bit error rate is greater than the bit error rate threshold, and the microwave link is intermittently interrupted, then it is determined that the outdoor unit or the indoor unit has failed. If the received signal level is lower than the level threshold, the received signal level is unbalanced, and the voltage standing wave ratio is greater than the standing wave ratio threshold, then the antenna or feeder is determined to be faulty. If the received signal level is lower than the level threshold, the microwave link signal-to-noise ratio is lower than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold, and the bit error rate is greater than the bit error rate threshold, then the microwave antenna is determined to be misaligned. If the received signal level is greater than or equal to the level threshold, the microwave link signal-to-noise ratio is lower than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold, and the bit error rate is greater than the bit error rate threshold, then the microwave receiver gain is determined to have decreased.

9. The intelligent monitoring method for link anomalies of microwave mobile stations according to claim 5, characterized in that, The calculation of free space loss includes: Calculate the free space loss using the following formula: Among them, L s Let lg represent the free space loss, lg represent the logarithmic function with the natural constant as the base, fre represent the microwave signal frequency, and dis represent the microwave signal transmission distance.

10. A link anomaly intelligent monitoring system for a microwave mobile station, characterized in that, include: The bit error rate calculation module is used to calculate the bit error rate of the microwave link using a Gaussian error function; The received signal level calculation module is used to calculate the received signal level. The microwave link signal-to-noise ratio calculation module is used to divide the received signal level by the noise power spectral density to obtain the microwave link signal-to-noise ratio. Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) detection module, used to detect the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the microwave antenna of a microwave mobile station; The link anomaly type determination module is used to determine the link anomaly type of the microwave mobile station based on the bit error rate, received signal level, microwave link signal-to-noise ratio, and voltage standing wave ratio. The alarm notification module is used to issue alarm notifications based on the type of link anomaly.

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