Vehicle window glass

Abstract

The present application provides a vehicle window glass capable of obtaining sufficient antenna gain while suppressing an increase in area of a coating removal region. A vehicle window glass (10) of the present disclosure is to be installed in an opening portion of a vehicle in which an antenna is mounted in a passenger compartment. The vehicle window glass (10) is at least one of a windshield (1) and a rear window glass (2). At least one of the windshield (1) and the rear window glass (2) is provided with a first glass plate-like body (6) covered with a first conductive film (7). The first glass plate-like body (6) is provided with a coating removal region (6B) from which the first conductive film is removed, at least a portion of the first conductive film (7).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to vehicle window glass. Background Technology

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a vehicle window glass in which a transparent conductive film is formed on substantially the entire surface. A notch is formed in a portion of the transparent conductive film. An antenna receives electromagnetic waves transmitted through the notch.

[0003] Existing technical documents

[0004] Patent documents

[0005] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent No. 3971966 Summary of the Invention

[0006] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0007] The inventors of this application have discovered the following technical problems.

[0008] As an example of the aforementioned vehicle window glass, there are vehicle window glasses including windshields, rear windows, and side windows with a conductive film formed on their entire surface. Furthermore, in order to suppress the reduction in electromagnetic wave transmittance caused by the conductive film and ensure antenna gain, a coating removal area is sometimes provided in this vehicle window glass, where a portion of the conductive film has been removed. However, increasing the area of ​​the coating removal area leads to increased manufacturing costs.

[0009] This disclosure was made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a vehicle window glass that can achieve sufficient antenna gain while suppressing the increase in area of ​​the decoated region.

[0010] means for solving problems

[0011] The vehicle window glass disclosed herein is a vehicle window glass to be installed in the opening of a vehicle equipped with an antenna inside the passenger compartment, wherein, The vehicle window glass is at least one of a windshield and a rear window. At least one of the windshield and the rear window has a first glass plate covered by a first conductive film. The first glass plate has at least a portion of the first conductive film having a coating removal area where the first conductive film has been removed. With the windshield and the rear window installed on the vehicle, when viewing at least one of the windshield and the rear window from a horizontal perspective, The height H of the area where the coating is removed is greater than or equal to the height OH of the opening surface of the antenna. The width W of the area where the coating is removed is more than 10 times the wavelength λ0 of the electromagnetic wave that passes through the area where the coating is removed.

[0012] The vehicle window glass disclosed herein is a vehicle window glass to be installed in the opening of a vehicle equipped with an antenna inside the passenger compartment, wherein, The vehicle window glass is at least one of a windshield and a rear window. At least one of the windshield and the rear window has a first glass plate covered by a first conductive film. The first glass plate has at least a portion of the first conductive film having a coating removal area where the first conductive film has been removed. With the windshield and the rear window installed on the vehicle, when viewing at least one of the windshield and the rear window from a horizontal perspective, The height H of the area where the coating is removed is greater than or equal to the sum of the height OH of the antenna opening and the wavelength λ0 of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the area where the coating is removed. The width W of the area where the coating is removed is more than 2.5 times the wavelength λ0 of the electromagnetic wave that passes through the area where the coating is removed.

[0013] Invention Effects

[0014] According to this disclosure, it is possible to provide a vehicle window glass that can achieve sufficient antenna gain while suppressing the increase in area of ​​the decoated region. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a structural example of a vehicle window glass according to an embodiment.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a front view showing a structural example of a windshield according to an embodiment.

[0017] Figure 3 It means Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a cross-section of a structural example of a vehicle window glass at section line III-III.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the cross-section of the first deformed example of the windshield and rear window glass at section line III-III.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the cross-section of the second modified example of the windshield and rear window glass at section line III-III.

[0020] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram showing the cross-section of the third modified example of the windshield and rear window glass at section line III-III.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a cross-section of a structural example of the right-side and left-side window glass at section line VII-VII.

[0022] Figure 8 This is a front view showing a modified example of the windshield of the embodiment.

[0023] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a frequency selection surface in an implementation.

[0024] Figure 10A This is a schematic diagram of a first example of a cell region of a frequency selection surface in an embodiment.

[0025] Figure 10B This is a schematic diagram of a modified example of a first example of a frequency selection surface cell region in an embodiment.

[0026] Figure 10C This is a schematic diagram of another variation of the first example of the unit region of the frequency selection surface in the embodiment.

[0027] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a second example of a cell region of a frequency selection surface in an embodiment.

[0028] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a third example of a cell region on a frequency selection surface in an embodiment.

[0029] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of a fourth example of a cell region on a frequency selection surface in an embodiment.

[0030] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the fifth example of a unit region of a frequency selection surface in an embodiment.

[0031] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of a sixth example of a unit region of a frequency selection surface in an embodiment.

[0032] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the seventh example of a cell region of a frequency selection surface in an embodiment.

[0033] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the eighth example of a frequency selection surface cell region in an embodiment.

[0034] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the antenna installed on the front of the vehicle.

[0035] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the antenna installed at the rear of the vehicle.

[0036] Figure 20 This is a diagram showing the radiation pattern of the electromagnetic wave in Example 1.

[0037] Figure 21 This is a diagram showing the radiation pattern of the electromagnetic wave in Example 2.

[0038] Figure 22 This is a diagram showing the radiation pattern of the electromagnetic wave in Example 3.

[0039] Figure 23 This is a diagram showing the radiation pattern of the electromagnetic wave in Example 4.

[0040] Figure 24 This is a diagram showing the radiation pattern of the electromagnetic wave in Example 5.

[0041] Figure 25 It is a graph representing the angular range of the calculated average gain.

[0042] Figure 26 This is a graph showing the average gain AG of Example 6 relative to the standard value W / λ0.

[0043] Figure 27 This is a graph showing the average gain AG of Example 7 relative to the standard value W / λ0.

[0044] Figure 28A This is a diagram showing the width P1 relative to the distance G1 in Embodiment 8.

[0045] Figure 28B This is a diagram showing the width P1 relative to the distance G1 in Embodiment 8.

[0046] Figure 28C This is a diagram showing the width P1 relative to the distance G1 in Embodiment 9.

[0047] Figure 28D This is a diagram showing the width P1 relative to the distance G1 in Embodiment 9.

[0048] Figure 29 This is a diagram showing the width P2 of Embodiment 10 relative to the line width W2.

[0049] Figure 30 This is a diagram showing the radiation pattern of the electromagnetic wave in the reference example.

[0050] Figure 31 This is a diagram showing the radiation pattern of the electromagnetic wave in Comparative Example 1.

[0051] Figure 32This is a diagram showing the radiation pattern of the electromagnetic wave in Comparative Example 2.

[0052] Figure 33 This is a graph showing the average gain AG of Example 13 relative to the standard value (H-OH) / λ0. Detailed Implementation

[0053] Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. In addition, for the sake of clarity, the following description and drawings are appropriately simplified.

[0054] (Implementation Method)

[0055] <An example of a structure>

[0056] Reference Figures 1-3 An example of the structure of a vehicle window glass according to the embodiment will be described. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a structural example of a vehicle window glass according to an embodiment. Figure 2 This is a front view showing a structural example of a windshield according to an embodiment. Figure 3 It means Figure 1 A schematic cross-section of a structural example of a vehicle window glass at section line III-III.

[0057] It should be noted that, of course, Figure 1 The three-dimensional coordinates shown in the other figures are for illustrative purposes, illustrating the positional relationships of the constituent elements. Typically, the positive direction of the UP axis is above the vehicle (MM), the positive direction of the FR axis is in front of the vehicle (MM), and the positive direction of the LH axis is to the left of the vehicle (MM); this is common across the figures. Additionally, the FR axis extends along the front-rear direction of the vehicle (MM), and the LH axis extends along the width direction of the vehicle (MM).

[0058] like Figure 1 As shown, the vehicle window glass 10 includes a windshield 1 and a rear window 2. The windshield 1 is installed at the front opening of the vehicle (MM). The rear window 2 is installed at the rear opening of the vehicle (MM). At least one of the windshield 1 and the rear window 2 has a glass plate-like body covered by a conductive film. The glass plate-like body has a decoction area where the conductive film has been removed in at least a portion of the conductive film.

[0059] At least one of antennas A1 and A2 is installed in the vehicle's MM (Modular Module). Antenna A1 can be installed on or near the upper side surface of the windshield 1. Antenna A2 can be installed on or near the upper side surface of the rear window 2. It should be noted that antenna A1 can also be installed on or near the lower side surface of the windshield 1. Antenna A2 can also be installed on or near the lower side surface of the rear window 2. Antennas A1 and A2 can be used for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic waves in high-frequency bands (e.g., 0.3GHz to 300GHz, especially above 10GHz, such as the band including 28GHz and the band including 39GHz) such as microwaves and millimeter waves. Specifically, antennas A1 and A2 can be applied to V2X communication systems, fifth-generation mobile communication systems (so-called 5G), vehicle radar systems, etc., but the applicable systems are not limited to these. An example of a V2X communication system is an ETC (Electronic Toll Collection) system. At least one of antennas A1 and A2 can be a patch antenna, a dipole antenna, etc.

[0060] Figure 2 and Figure 3 The windshield 11 shown is a specific example of a windshield 1. The windshield 11 includes a glass plate 6 (also called a first glass plate) covered by a conductive film 7 (also called a first conductive film). The conductive film 7 covers the interior IS side of the glass plate 6. The conductive film 7 can be, for example, a heat-reflective film, a Low-E (Low Emission) film, an Ag film, or a metal oxide film, such as an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) film, or a resin film containing conductive particles. At least a portion of the glass plate 6 has a removal coating region 6B where the conductive film 7 has been removed from the glass plate 6. Figure 2 and Figure 3 In one example of the coating removal area 6B shown, the conductive film 7 is completely removed from the glass plate 6. It should be noted that in the coating removal area 6B, a portion of the conductive film 7 may also be removed from the glass plate 6. The glass plate 6 may also have a coverage area 6A whose entire surface is covered by the conductive film 7.

[0061] like Figure 3As shown, the glass plate 6 is mounted at a predetermined angle θ at the front opening of the vehicle MM relative to the horizontal plane HS (here, the plane parallel to the plane containing the FR axis and LH axis). It should be noted that there is no particular upper limit to the thickness (T) of the glass plate 6. For example, if it is for a vehicle, generally, if it is a single piece of glass, a thickness of 5 mm or less is sufficient. Furthermore, when the glass plate 6 is a laminated glass 60 having a structure consisting of two glass plates 61 and 62 stacked together, the thickness of the glass plate 63 on the outer OF side of the vehicle and the thickness of the glass plate 61 on the inner IS side of the vehicle can be the same or different when the laminated glass 60 is mounted on the vehicle MM. The glass plate 61 is positioned further inside the vehicle IS side than the glass plate 63. The thickness of the glass plate 63 is preferably 1.0 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less. When the thickness of glass plate 63 is 1.0 mm or more, its strength, including its resistance to flying stones, is sufficient. When the thickness of glass plate 63 is 3.0 mm or less, the mass of laminated glass 60 is not excessive, which is preferable from the perspective of fuel efficiency in vehicle MM (Manufacturing Module). The thickness of glass plate 61 is preferably 0.3 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less. A thickness of 0.3 mm or more for glass plate 61 provides good processability, while a thickness of 2.3 mm or less ensures that the mass is not excessive. If the thicknesses of glass plate 61 and glass plate 63 are each 1.8 mm or less, the lightweight and sound insulation properties of laminated glass 60 can be combined, which is preferable. It should be noted that when the thickness of glass plate 61 is 1.0 mm or less, glass plate 61 can be chemically strengthened glass. When glass plate 61 is chemically strengthened glass, the compressive stress value on the glass surface is preferably 300 MPa or more, and the depth of the compressive stress layer is preferably 2 μm or more. Laminated glass 60 also includes an interlayer 62 (also called a first interlayer). Glass plate 61 and glass plate 63 can be bonded together using an interlayer film 62. As an example, the interlayer film 62 is made of a known thermoplastic resin film such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). The interlayer film 62 can be transparent or colored. Furthermore, the interlayer film 62 can also consist of two or more layers.

[0062] Glass plates 61 and 63 can be made of inorganic glass or organic glass. As inorganic glass, soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, alkali-free glass, quartz glass, etc., can be used without particular limitations. Among these, soda-lime glass is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost and formability. The forming method of glass plates 61 and 63 is not particularly limited. For example, when glass plates 61 and 63 are made of inorganic glass, it is preferable that glass plates 61 and 63 are formed by a float glass process or the like.

[0063] There are no particular restrictions on the composition of the glass constituting glass plates 61 and 63. Regarding the composition of the glass, for example, in mole percent based on oxides, it may contain: 50%–80% SiO2, 0%–10% B2O3, 0.1%–25% Al2O3, a total of 3%–30% of at least one alkali metal oxide selected from the group consisting of Li2O, Na2O, and K2O, 0%–25% MgO, 0%–25% CaO, 0%–5% SrO, 0%–5% BaO, 0%–5% ZrO2, and 0%–5% SnO2.

[0064] The glass plate 6 can be a curved shape that protrudes from the OF side of the vehicle when mounted on the vehicle MM. The glass plate 6 can have a single-curved shape that is bent in only one direction, or a hyperboloidal shape that is bent in two directions (e.g., the UP axis direction and the LH axis direction when the glass plate 6 is mounted on the vehicle MM). Gravity forming, pressing forming, or roll forming are used in the bending forming of the glass plate 6. When the glass plate 6 is bent to a specified curvature, the radius of curvature of the glass plate 6 can be more than 1000 mm and less than 100,000 mm.

[0065] Glass plates 61 and 63 can be either unstrengthened glass or strengthened glass. Unstrengthened glass is obtained by forming molten glass into a plate shape and then slowly cooling it. Strengthened glass is glass with a compressive stress layer formed on the surface of unstrengthened glass, and can be either air-strengthened glass or chemically strengthened glass. When glass plates 61 and 63 are physically strengthened glass (e.g., air-strengthened glass), the surface can be strengthened by using operations other than slow cooling, such as rapidly cooling the glass plate after it has been uniformly heated during bending from a temperature near its softening point, utilizing the temperature difference between the glass surface and the interior of the glass to create a compressive stress layer on the glass surface. When glass plates 61 and 63 are chemically strengthened glass, compressive stress can be generated on the glass surface after bending through methods such as ion exchange, thereby strengthening the glass surface.

[0066] Glass plates 61 and 63 may also be made of glass that absorbs ultraviolet or infrared rays. Glass plates 61 and 63 are preferably transparent, but may also be colored to a degree that does not impair transparency.

[0067] The uncoated area 6B can have a frequency selective surface (FSS) that allows electromagnetic waves of a specified frequency band to pass through. The frequency selective surface, for example, has grooves on the surface of the conductor portion, allowing electromagnetic waves of a specified frequency to pass through selectively according to the pattern of the grooves. The opening is non-conductive, exposing the surface of the glass plate 6. Therefore, it is possible to select a more desired range for the specific frequencies received and transmitted by antennas A1 and A2. The frequency selective surface will be explained later.

[0068] like Figure 2 As shown, when observing the windshield 11 from the front of the vehicle MM, the height H of the uncoated area 6B can be 16 times or less, preferably 10.7 times or less, and more preferably 8 times or less, of the wavelength λ0 of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the uncoated area 6B. Specifically, the height H of the uncoated area 6B can be 16 times or less, preferably 10.7 times or less, and more preferably 8 times or less, of the wavelength λ0 of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the uncoated area 6B. Furthermore, the width W of the uncoated area 6B can be 10 times or more, of the wavelength λ0 of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the uncoated area 6B, or 8 times or more, of the wavelength λ0 of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the uncoated area 6B. Additionally, the width W of the uncoated area 6B can be 10 times or more, of the wavelength λ0 of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the uncoated area 6B. It should be noted that the width W of the uncoated area 6B can be 24.4 times or less, preferably 16.3 times or less, and more preferably 12.2 times or less, of the wavelength λ0 of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the uncoated area 6B. Specifically, the width W of the coating removal area 6B can be more than 10 times and less than 24.4 times, more than 10 times and less than 16.3 times, or more than 10 times and less than 12.2 times the wavelength λ0 of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the coating removal area 6B. Figure 2 The shape of the coating removal area 6B shown in the example is rectangular, but the shape of the coating removal area 6B is not particularly limited. The shape of the coating removal area 6B can be, for example, polygonal, rectangular, elliptical, etc. The coating removal area 6B can ensure electromagnetic wave transmittance while suppressing height H rather than width W. It should be noted that when the shape of the coating removal area 6B is a shape other than rectangular, such as polygonal, rectangular, elliptical, etc., the height H of the coating removal area 6B is the maximum height, and the width W of the coating removal area 6B is the maximum width.

[0069] The conductive film 7 covers the interior IS side of the glass plate 6. However, if the glass plate 6 is a laminated glass 60, it may cover at least one of the interior IS side of the glass plate 61, the exterior OF side, and the interior IS side of the glass plate 63. Hereinafter, various modifications of the windshield 1 will be described.

[0070] Figure 4 The windshield 21 shown is a first variation of the windshield 1. In the windshield 21, besides the conductive film 7 covering the entire interior IS side of the laminated glass 60, it has... Figure 3 The windshield 11 shown has the same configuration. The laminated glass 60 may have a coverage area 6A on its entire inner side (IS side) covered by the conductive film 7.

[0071] Figure 5 The windshield 31 shown is a second variation of the windshield 1. In the windshield 31, besides having a conductive film 17 instead of a conductive film 7, it also has... Figure 3 The windshield 11 shown has the same structure. The conductive film 17 covers the interior IS side of the glass panel 63.

[0072] Figure 6 The windshield 41 shown is a third variation of the windshield 1. In addition to the conductive film 17, the windshield 41 also has... Figure 3 The windshield 11 shown has the same configuration.

[0073] Furthermore, in the windshields 11 and 21, the conductive film 7 can be disposed on at least one of the exterior OF side, interior IS side, and interior IS side of the glass panel 61 of the laminated glass 60. The conductive film 7 can cover at least one of the exterior OF side, interior IS side, and interior IS side of the glass panel 61 and 63. Specifically, the conductive film 7 can be disposed on the interior IS side of the glass panels 61 and 63 of the laminated glass 60, and can cover the interior IS side of the glass panels 61 and 63. Additionally, the conductive film 7 can also be disposed on the exterior OF side of the glass panel 61 of the laminated glass 60, and can cover the exterior OF side of the glass panel 61. Furthermore, the conductive film 7 can also be disposed on both the exterior OF side and interior IS side of the glass panel 61 of the laminated glass 60, and can cover both the exterior OF side and interior IS side of the glass panel 61. Additionally, the conductive film 7 can also be disposed on the exterior OF side of the glass plate 61 and the interior IS side of the glass plate 63 of the laminated glass 60, covering the exterior OF side of the glass plate 61 and the interior IS side of the glass plate 63.

[0074] Figure 3The rear window 12 shown is a specific example of the rear window 2. The rear window 12 has a glass plate 26 covered by a conductive film 27 (also called a third conductive film). The conductive film 27 covers the interior side (IS) of the glass plate 26. The conductive film 27 can cover the entire interior side (IS) surface of the glass plate 26. The conductive film 27 can have the same configuration as the conductive film 7. The glass plate 26 can have a coverage area 26A whose entire surface is covered by the conductive film 27. The glass plate 26 can be a single glass plate, i.e., a single-pane glass or laminated glass. Specifically, the glass plate 26 can comprise a single-pane tempered glass. The glass plate 26 is mounted at a predetermined angle θ2 relative to the horizontal plane HS at the rear opening of the vehicle MM. It should be noted that the glass plate 26 has a thickness T2.

[0075] Figure 4 The rear window 22 shown is a first modified example of the rear window 2. In the rear window 22, besides the glass plate 26 having a coating removal area 26B, it has... Figure 3 The rear window glass 12 shown has the same configuration. In the coating removal area 26B, at least a portion of the conductive film 27 is removed from the glass plate 26.

[0076] Figure 5 The rear window 32 shown is a second variation of the rear window 2. In the rear window 32, in addition to the positions where the laminated glass 260 and the conductive film 27 are located, it also has... Figure 3 The rear window 12 shown has the same configuration. The laminated glass 260 may have the same configuration as the laminated glass 60. The laminated glass 260 includes a glass plate 61 (also called a fourth glass plate), a glass plate 63 (also called a third glass plate), and an interlayer film (also called a second interlayer film). A conductive film 27 covers the interior IS side of the glass plate 63. The conductive film 27 may cover the entire interior IS side surface of the glass plate 63.

[0077] Figure 6 The rear window 42 shown is a third variation of the rear window 2. In the rear window 42, except that the laminated glass 260 has a coating removal area 26B, it has... Figure 5 The rear window glass 32 shown has the same configuration. In the coating removal area 26B, at least a portion of the conductive film 27 is removed from the laminated glass 260.

[0078] Furthermore, in the rear window glass 32 and rear window glass 42, the conductive film 27 can be disposed on at least one of the exterior OR side, interior IS side, and interior IS side of the glass panel 61 of the laminated glass 260. The conductive film 27 can cover at least one of the exterior OR side, interior IS side, and interior IS side of the glass panel 61 and glass panel 63. Specifically, the conductive film 27 can be disposed on the interior IS side of the glass panels 61 and 63 of the laminated glass 260, and can cover the interior IS side of the glass panels 61 and 63. Additionally, the conductive film 27 can also be disposed on the exterior OR side of the glass panel 61 of the laminated glass 260, and can cover the exterior OR side of the glass panel 61. Furthermore, the conductive film 27 can also be disposed on both the exterior OR side and the interior IS side of the glass panel 61 of the laminated glass 260, and can cover both the exterior OR side and the interior IS side of the glass panel 61. Additionally, the conductive film 27 can also be disposed on the exterior (OR) side of the glass plate 61 and the interior (IS) side of the glass plate 63 of the laminated glass 260, covering the exterior (OR) side of the glass plate 61 and the interior (IS) side of the glass plate 63.

[0079] The combination of windshields 1, 11, 21, 31, 41 and rear windows 2, 12, 32, 43 in the vehicle window glass 10 may have at least one of a coating removal area 6B and a coating removal area 26B. This combination is not limited to... Figures 3-6 The combinations shown are diverse.

[0080] The vehicle window glass 10 may also include a left-side window glass 3 and a right-side window glass 4. The left-side window glass 3 is installed at the left-side opening of the vehicle's main frame (MM). The right-side window glass 4 is installed at the right-side opening of the vehicle's main frame (MM).

[0081] The left-side window glass 3 can have the same configuration as the rear windows 2, 12, 22, 32, and 42. For example, the left-side window glass 3 can have a glass plate 36 (also called a second glass plate) covered by a conductive film 37. The conductive film 37 covers the interior IS side of the glass plate 36. The conductive film 37 can cover the entire interior IS side surface of the glass plate 36. The conductive film 37 can have the same configuration as the conductive film 7. The glass plate 36 can have a coverage area 36A whose entire surface is covered by the conductive film 37. The glass plate 36 can be a single-pane glass or laminated glass. The single-pane glass can be a single-pane tempered glass. The glass plate 36 is mounted at a predetermined setting angle θ3 relative to the horizontal plane HS at the left-side opening of the vehicle MM. It should be noted that the glass plate 36 has a thickness T3.

[0082] Similar to the left-side window 3, the right-side window 4 can have the same configuration as the rear windows 2, 12, 22, 32, and 42. For example, the right-side window 4 can have a glass plate 46 (also called a second glass plate) covered by a conductive film 47. The conductive film 47 covers the interior IS side of the glass plate 46. The conductive film 47 can cover the entire interior IS side surface of the glass plate 46. The conductive film 47 can have the same configuration as the conductive film 7. The glass plate 46 can have a coverage area 46A whose entire surface is covered by the conductive film 47. The glass plate 46 can be a single-pane glass or laminated glass. The single-pane glass can be a single-pane tempered glass. The glass plate 46 is mounted at a predetermined setting angle θ4 relative to the horizontal plane HS at the right-side opening of the vehicle MM. It should be noted that the glass plate 46 has a thickness T4.

[0083] When the conductive film (also called the second conductive film) in the left window glass 3 and the right window glass 4, which has the same structure as the conductive film 7, is a heat ray reflective film, it can reflect heat rays from outside the vehicle MM and suppress the incidence of heat rays into the vehicle MM. In addition, when the conductive film is a Low-E film, it can absorb / reflect heat inside the passenger compartment, improving passenger comfort.

[0084] As can be seen from the above, according to the configuration of the vehicle window glass 10, at least one of the windshield 1 and the rear window 2 has a glass plate 6 covered by a conductive film 7. Furthermore, the glass plate 6 has a coating removal area 6B on at least a portion of the conductive film 7, where the conductive film 7 has been removed. Therefore, it is not necessary to form a conductive film on almost the entire surface of the windshield 1, the rear window 2, the left side window 3, and the right side window 4, thus reducing the area of ​​the coating removal area. In addition, electromagnetic waves can pass through the coating removal area 6B in at least one of the windshield 1 and the rear window 2, ensuring sufficient gain for at least one of the antennas A1 and A2. Therefore, sufficient antenna gain can be ensured while suppressing an increase in the area of ​​the coating removal area 6B.

[0085] In addition, by removing the coating area 6B, which has a frequency-selective surface, electromagnetic waves of a specified frequency band can be selectively transmitted.

[0086]

[0087] Next, refer to Figure 8 The windshield 31, which is a variation of the windshield 11, will be described. The windshield 31 has the same structure as the windshield 11, except that the coating area is removed.

[0088] When the windshield 31 is viewed from a relative perspective, the height H of the coating-removed area 16B is greater than or equal to the sum of the height OH of the opening surface of the antenna A1 and the wavelength λ0 of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the coating-removed area 16B. It should be noted that the height H of the coating-removed area 16B can be less than 16 times the wavelength λ0 of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the coating-removed area 16B, preferably less than 10.7 times, and more preferably less than 8 times. Specifically, the height H of the coating-removed area 16B can be greater than or equal to the sum of the height OH and the wavelength λ0 of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the coating-removed area 16B and less than 16 times the wavelength λ0, greater than or equal to the sum of the height OH and the wavelength λ0 and less than 10.7 times, or greater than or equal to the sum of the height OH and the wavelength λ0 and less than 8 times. Furthermore, the width W of the coating-removed area 16B is greater than or equal to 2.5 times the wavelength λ0 of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the coating-removed area 16B. It should be noted that the width W of the coating removal area 16B can be 24.4 times or less, preferably 16.3 times or less, and more preferably 12.2 times or less, of the wavelength λ0 of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the coating removal area 16B. Specifically, the width W of the coating removal area 16B can be more than 2.5 times and less than 24.4 times, more than 2.5 times and less than 16.3 times, or more than 2.5 times and less than 12.2 times the wavelength λ0 of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the coating removal area 16B. Figure 8The shape of the coating removal area 16B shown in one example is rectangular, but the shape of the coating removal area 16B is not particularly limited. The shape of the coating removal area 16B can be, for example, polygonal, rectangular, elliptical, etc. Compared to the coating removal area 6B, the coating removal area 16B can ensure electromagnetic wave transmittance while suppressing the width W rather than the height H. It should be noted that when the shape of the coating removal area 16B is a shape other than rectangular, such as polygonal, rectangular, elliptical, etc., the height H of the coating removal area 16B is the maximum height, and the width W of the coating removal area 16B is the maximum width.

[0089] <Frequency Selective Surface>

[0090] Next, refer to Figure 9 An example of a frequency-selective surface in the area 6B where the coating has been removed will be described. It should be noted that... Figure 9 In the diagram, for ease of understanding, the conductor section Uc is represented by a shaded line.

[0091] Figure 9 The frequency selective surface FSS1 shown is an example of a frequency selective surface present in the uncoated region 6B. The frequency selective surface FSS1 may contain cell regions. Figure 9 The frequency selective surface FSS1 shown includes multiple unit regions U0. These unit regions U0 can be arranged in a matrix. Each unit region U0 has a conductor portion Uc and a slot portion Us. The conductor portion Uc contains a conductive material. This conductive material can be the same type of material as that constituting the conductive film 7. The slot portion Us does not contain a conductive material. The conductor portion Uc has higher conductivity than the slot portion Us. The conductor portion Uc can be rectangular, for example, it can be square or have rounded corners. At least one of the conductor portion Uc and the slot portion Us can have a suitable rounded corner shape. Specifically, at least one of the conductor portion Uc and the slot portion Us can have rounded corners at all four corners or as a whole. Figure 9 An example of the groove Us shown extends in a slit shape within the conductor Uc. The unit region U0 has a width P0. Width P0 is also called the coating removal cycle. The groove Us has a width G0. It should be noted that the distance between different conductors Uc within the same unit region U0 is the same as the width G0. Width G0 is also called the coating removal width. When width P0 and width G0 satisfy P0 ≤ a × G0... bAt the same time, it can ensure the electromagnetic wave transmittance of the frequency selective surface containing multiple unit regions U0. a and b are determined according to the specified frequency band of the electromagnetic waves transmitted through the frequency selective surface and can be calculated or experimentally obtained. In addition to the conductor portion Uc and the slot portion Us, the frequency selective surface FSS1 may also include at least one of the first unit regions U1 to the eighth unit region U8, described later. The frequency selective surface FSS1 can allow polarized waves orthogonal to the slot portion Us to pass through, and when the slot portion Us is in the LH axis direction, it can allow vertically polarized waves used in V2X communication to pass through.

[0092] Next, refer to Figures 10A to 10C , Figures 11-17 Examples of the cell regions of the frequency-selective surface FSS1 are explained. It should be noted that... Figures 10A to 10C , Figures 11-17 In the diagram, for ease of understanding, shading is used to represent the conductor sections Uc, U1c to U8c, and U11c.

[0093] <Patch type>

[0094] Figure 10A The first unit region U1 shown is a patch type. The first unit region U1 has a conductor portion U1c and a groove portion U1s. The conductor portion U1c contains a conductive material. This conductive material can be the same type of material as the material constituting the conductive film 7. The groove portion U1s does not contain a conductive material. The conductor portion U1c has higher conductivity than the groove portion U1s. The conductor portion U1c is approximately polygonal, and can be approximately quadrilateral or approximately hexagonal. The groove portion U1s extends in a frame shape surrounding the conductor portion U1c. The first unit region U1 has a width P1. The width P1 is also called the coating removal cycle. The conductor portions U1c in adjacent first unit regions U1 are separated from each other by a distance G1. The distance G1 is also called the coating removal width. The width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy P1 ≤ a × G1. b At the same time, the electromagnetic wave transmittance of the frequency-selective surface containing multiple first unit regions U1 can be ensured. a and b are determined according to the specified frequency band of the electromagnetic waves transmitted through the frequency-selective surface, and can be calculated or experimentally obtained. The first unit region U1 can be formed by removing a portion of the same shape as the groove U1s from the conductive film 7, i.e., the entire conductor portion. Compared to the grooves of other unit regions, the shape of the groove U1s is smaller and simpler. Therefore, the processing time of the first unit region U1 is shorter compared to other unit regions. Figure 10B The first unit region U1a shown is a variation of the first unit region U1. Except for the orientation on the frequency selection surface FSS1, the first unit region U1a has the same configuration as the first unit region U1. The first unit region U1a is set at an angle θ5 inclined relative to the horizontal plane HS. Figure 10CThe first unit region U1b shown is another variation of the first unit region U1. The first unit region U1b includes a conductor portion U11c and a groove portion U11s. Except for its shape, the conductor portion U11c has the same configuration as the conductor portion U1c. The conductor portion U11c is approximately hexagonal. Except for its shape, the groove portion U11s has the same configuration as the groove portion U1s. The groove portion U11s extends in a frame shape surrounding the conductor portion U11c.

[0095] It should be noted that, except for the shape, the conductor portions U2c to U8c described later have the same configuration as the conductor portion U1c. Similarly, except for the shape, the groove portions U2s to U8s described later have the same configuration as the groove portion U1s.

[0096] <Grid type>

[0097] Figure 11 The second unit region U2 shown is grid-shaped. The second unit region U2 includes a conductor portion U2c and a slot portion U2s. The conductor portion U2c and slot portion U2s of the second unit region U2 have the same configuration as those obtained by reversing the conductor portion U1c and slot portion U1s of the first unit region U1. Specifically, the slot portion U2s is square. The conductor portion U2c extends in a frame shape surrounding the slot portion U2s. The second unit region U2 has a width P2. The conductor portions U2c in adjacent second unit regions U2 have a line width W2 relative to each other. The width P2 and the line width W2 satisfy P2 ≥ a × W2. b At the same time, it can ensure the electromagnetic wave transmittance of the frequency-selective surface containing multiple second unit regions U2. a and b are determined according to the specified frequency band of the transmittance frequency-selective surface, and can be obtained through calculation and experiment.

[0098] <Annular groove type>

[0099] Figure 12 The third unit region U3 shown is an annular groove type. The third unit region U3 includes a first conductor portion U3ca, a second conductor portion U3cb, and a groove portion U3s. The first conductor portion U3ca is a square with one side having a length L3. The groove portion U3s extends in a frame shape surrounding the first conductor portion U3ca. The groove portion U3s has a width W3. The second conductor portion U3cb extends in a frame shape surrounding the groove portion U3s. When the frequency selection surface includes multiple third unit regions U3, the transmission phase can be controlled within the range of -90° to 90°.

[0100] <Ring type>

[0101] Figure 13 The unit region U4 shown is annular. The fourth unit region U4 has a conductor portion U4c, a first groove portion U4sa, and a second groove portion U4sb. The conductor portion U4c and the groove portion U4sb of the fourth unit region U4 have [a certain characteristic]. Figure 12 The conductor portion U3c and the slot portion U3s of the third unit region U3 shown are identical when reversed. Specifically, the first slot portion U4sa is a square with one side having a length L4. The conductor portion U4c extends in a frame shape surrounding the first slot portion U4sa. The conductor portion U4c has a width W4. The second slot portion U4sb extends in a frame shape surrounding the conductor portion U4c.

[0102] <Cross-groove type>

[0103] Figure 14 The fifth unit region U5 shown is a cross-shaped groove. The fifth unit region U5 has a conductor portion U5c and a groove portion U5s. The groove portion U5s extends in a cross shape. The groove portion U5s has a width W5. The total length of a straight section forming the cross shape of the groove portion U5s is L5. The conductor portion U5c surrounds the groove portion U5s.

[0104] Jerusalem Cross-shaped Groove

[0105] Figure 15 The sixth unit region U6 shown is a Jerusalem cross-shaped groove. The sixth unit region U6 has a conductor portion U6c and a groove portion U6s. The groove portion U6s extends in a Jerusalem cross shape. Specifically, the groove portion U6s has a main body U6sa and four straight portions U6sb. The main body U6sa extends in a cross shape. The groove portion U6s has a width W6. The four straight portions U6sb extend from the four ends of the main body U6sa respectively. The total length of the four straight portions U6sb is L6. The ends of the straight portions U6sb and the main body U6sa extend in an approximately T-shape. The straight portions U6sb and the ends of the main body U6sa can intersect perpendicularly.

[0106] <Cross-shaped>

[0107] Figure 16 The seventh unit region U7 shown is cross-shaped. The seventh unit region U7 includes a conductor portion U7c and a groove portion U7s. The conductor portion U7c and the groove portion U7s of the unit region U7 have a cross-shaped structure. Figure 14 The conductor portion U5c and the slot portion U5s of the unit region U5 shown are reversed to obtain the same configuration. Specifically, the conductor portion U7c extends in a cross shape where two straight sections intersect. The conductor portion U7c has a width W7. The total length of one straight section of the cross shape constituting the conductor portion U7c is L7. The slot portion U7s surrounds the conductor portion U7c.

[0108] Jerusalem Cross

[0109] Figure 17The eighth unit region U8 shown is a Jerusalem cross-shaped groove. The eighth unit region U8 has a conductor portion U8c and a groove portion U8s. The conductor portion U8c and the groove portion U8s of the eighth unit region U8 have a connection with... Figure 15 The conductor portion U6c and the slot portion U6s of the sixth unit region U6 shown are identically configured when reversed. The conductor portion U8c extends in a Jerusalem cross shape. Specifically, the conductor portion U8c has a main body U8ca and four straight portions U8cb. The main body U8ca extends in a cross shape where two straight portions intersect. The conductor portion U8c has a width W8. The four straight portions U8cb extend from the four ends of the main body U8ca. The total length of the four straight portions U8cb is L8. The ends of the straight portions U8sb and the main body U8sa extend in an approximately T-shape. The straight portions U8cb can intersect the ends of the main body U8ca perpendicularly.

[0110] <The effect of the presence or absence of a conductive film>

[0111] Next, refer to Figures 18-24 The influence of the presence or absence of conductive film in each glass of the vehicle window glass 10 on the directivity of antennas A1 and A2 is explained.

[0112] For Examples 1 to 5, Reference Example, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 in Table 1 below, the directivity of the horizontal plane (here, the plane including the FR axis and LH axis) corresponding to antennas A1 and A2 was measured. Regarding the directivity of the example corresponding to antenna A1, the following method was used... Figure 18 Measurements were taken on a vehicle MM1, where antenna A1 is mounted only on the lower side of the windshield 1 via a bracket (not shown). Similarly, regarding the directivity corresponding to the example of antenna A2, measurements were taken using... Figure 19 Measurements were taken on a vehicle MM2, where antenna A2 was mounted only on the lower side of the rear window 2 via a bracket (not shown). Dipole antennas were used as antennas A1 and A2.

[0113] [Table 1]

[0114] Specifically, in the vehicle window glass of Embodiment 1, only the left and right side windows have glass panels whose entire surfaces are covered by a conductive film; in other words, glass panels with no areas where the coating has been removed. In Embodiment 1, the windshield and rear window have glass panels that are not covered by the conductive film; in other words, their entire surfaces are essentially glass panels with the coating removed. The vehicle window glass of Embodiments 2 to 5, the Reference Example, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 also have the same configuration as the vehicle window glass of Embodiment 1 as shown in Table 1 above.

[0115] The results of determining the directional properties of Examples 1 to 5, the reference example, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 are shown below. Figures 20-24 , Figures 30-32 In. Figures 20-24 , Figures 30-32 In the diagram, the radial direction represents the intensity of the electromagnetic wave [dBi], and the circumferential direction represents the angle. Furthermore, the angle increases clockwise along the direction from the FR axis to the negative LH axis, and is set from 0° to 180° in the lower semicircle and from 0° to -180° in the upper semicircle.

[0116] like Figure 30 As shown, when the glass panes of the vehicle window are not completely covered by the conductive film, the directivity of the examples corresponding to antennas A1 and A2 exhibits the same tendency as that from the field of view of antennas A1 and A2.

[0117] like Figures 20-24 , Figures 30-32 As shown, when the windshield glass is covered by a conductive film, the intensity of the electromagnetic wave from antenna A1 is generally below -10 dBi, indicating low intensity. On the other hand, when the windshield glass is completely uncovered by the conductive film, i.e., when the entire surface of the windshield glass is an area with the coating removed, the intensity of the electromagnetic wave from antenna A1 can be maintained.

[0118] Furthermore, when the rear window glass is covered by a conductive film, the intensity of the electromagnetic wave emitted by antenna A2 is generally below -10 dBi, indicating low intensity. On the other hand, when the rear window glass is completely uncovered by the conductive film, i.e., when the entire surface of the rear window glass is an area with the coating removed, the intensity of the electromagnetic wave emitted by antenna A2 can be maintained.

[0119] Furthermore, the intensity of electromagnetic waves emitted by antennas A1 and A2 will not change significantly depending on the presence or absence of conductive films on the glass plates of the left and right windows.

[0120] As can be seen from the above, the presence or absence of a conductive film on the windshield or rear window has a significant impact on the directivity of the examples corresponding to antenna A1 or antenna A2. On the other hand, the presence or absence of a conductive film on the left and right side windows has a relatively small impact. When at least one of the windshield and rear window panes has a region where the coating can be removed, the intensity of the electromagnetic waves corresponding to the examples of antenna A1 or antenna A2 can be maintained. Furthermore, even if the glass panes of the left and right side windows do not have a region where the coating can be removed, the intensity of the electromagnetic waves corresponding to the examples of antenna A1 or antenna A2 can still be maintained.

[0121] <Impact of Coating Removal Area 1>

[0122] Next, refer to Figure 25 and Figure 26 right Figure 2The effect of the width W of the decoated region 6B on the average gain is illustrated.

[0123] The vehicle window glass in Example 6, in addition to having Figure 2 Apart from the windshield 11 shown, it has the same configuration as in Embodiment 5. For the width W of the defined range of the decoated region 6B in Embodiment 6, the directivity of the horizontal plane (here, the plane including the FR axis and LH axis) corresponding to the example of antenna A1 was measured. In this measurement, an electromagnetic wave with a frequency of 5.9 GHz and a wavelength λ0 of 50.8 mm was used. The height H of the decoated region 6B in Embodiment 6 is the height OH of the opening surface of antenna A1. Furthermore, no frequency selective surface is provided in the decoated region 6B of Embodiment 6. Here, based on the measured directivity results, a calculation is performed... Figure 25 The average gain AG is shown within the pointing angle ranges of -90° to -45°, -45° to 45°, and 45° to 90°. The calculated result is presented below. Figure 26 It should be noted that, with the standard value W / λ0 at its maximum value of approximately 25, the width W is the same size as the entire width of the windshield 11. The coating removal area 6B extends from one end of the windshield 11 to the other in the LH axis direction.

[0124] Similarly, for the vehicle window glass of the above reference example, the average gain AG within each pointing angle range of -90° to -45°, -45° to 45°, and 45° to 90° was calculated, and the results are shown below. Figure 26 The value obtained by subtracting 3 dBi from the average gain AG in the ranges of -45° to 45° and 45° to 90° is also shown in the figure. Figure 26 middle.

[0125] like Figure 26 As shown, the average gain AG increases with the increase of the standard value W / λ0 in Example 6. The average gain AG when the standard value W / λ0 is 10 or more, i.e., the width W is 10 times the wavelength λ0, is approximately the same as the average gain AG when the standard value W / λ0 is at its maximum value of approximately 25. Furthermore, the average gain AG when the width W is 10 times the wavelength λ0 is almost unchanged from the average gain AG of the reference example, and is greater than or equal to the value obtained by subtracting 3 dBi from the average gain AG of the reference example. Since the value obtained by subtracting 3 dBi from the average gain AG of the reference example is greater than or equal to this value, sufficient electromagnetic wave transmission can be ensured. Therefore, when the width W is 10 times or more than the wavelength λ0, the average gain AG is good. Based on this result, when the height H of the uncoated region 6B is 10 times or more than the height OH of the opening surface of antenna A1, sufficient electromagnetic wave transmission can be ensured when the width W is 10 times or more than the wavelength λ0, and sufficient gain can be obtained for the example corresponding to antenna A1.

[0126] <Impact of Coating Removal Area 2>

[0127] Next, refer to Figure 25 and Figure 27 right Figure 8 The effect of the width W and height H of the decoated region 16B shown on the average gain is illustrated.

[0128] The vehicle window glass in Example 7, in addition to having Figure 8 Apart from the windshield 31 shown, it has the same configuration as in Embodiment 5. For the width W of the defined range of the uncoated region 16B in Embodiment 7, similarly to the width W of the defined range of the uncoated region 6B, the directivity of the horizontal plane (here, the plane including the FR axis and LH axis) corresponding to the example of antenna A1 was measured. No frequency selection surface is provided in the uncoated region 16B. Here, based on the measured directivity results, a calculation is performed... Figure 25 The average gain AG is shown within the pointing angle ranges of -90° to -45°, -45° to 45°, and 45° to 90°. The calculated result is presented below. Figure 27 It should be noted that, with the standard value W / λ0 at its maximum value of approximately 25, the width W is the same size as the entire width of the windshield 11. The coating removal area 6B extends from one end of the windshield 11 to the other in the LH axis direction.

[0129] like Figure 27 As shown, the average gain AG increases with the increase of the standard value W / λ0 in Example 7. The average gain AG when the standard value W / λ0 is 2.5 or more, i.e., the width W is 2.5 times the wavelength λ0, is approximately the same as the average gain AG when the standard value W / λ0 is at its maximum value of approximately 15. The average gain AG within the pointing angle range of -45° to 45° when the width W is 2.5 times the wavelength λ0 is almost unchanged from the average gain AG of the reference example. Therefore, the average gain AG is good when the width W is 2.5 times or more than the wavelength λ0. Based on this result, when the height H of the uncoated region 16B is the sum of the height OH of the opening surface of antenna A1 and the wavelength λ0 of the electromagnetic wave, sufficient gain can be obtained for the example corresponding to antenna A1 when the width W is 2.5 times or more than the wavelength λ0.

[0130] Furthermore, when the width W is 5 times or more the wavelength λ0, the average gain A within the pointing angle range of -45° to 45° can stably achieve a value that is the same as or greater than the average gain AG of the reference example. Based on this result, when the height H of the uncoated region 16B is greater than or equal to the sum of the height OH of the opening surface of antenna A1 and the wavelength λ0 of the electromagnetic wave, the gain corresponding to the example of antenna A1 is further improved when the width W is 5 times or more the wavelength λ0.

[0131] <Impact of Removing Coating Area 3>

[0132] Next, refer to Figure 25 and Figure 33 right Figure 8 The effect of the height H of the decoated region 16B on the average gain is illustrated.

[0133] The vehicle window glass in Example 13, in addition to having Figure 8 Apart from the windshield 31 shown, it has the same configuration as in Embodiment 5. For the height H of the decoated region 16B in Embodiment 13, which is within the specified range of 0 to 2.33, the directivity of the horizontal plane (here, the plane including the FR axis and LH axis) corresponding to the example of antenna A1 was measured. In this measurement, an electromagnetic wave with a frequency of 5.9 GHz and a wavelength λ0 of 50.8 mm was used. The width W of the decoated region 16B in Embodiment 13 is 813 mm, which is approximately the same value as 16λ0. Furthermore, no frequency selective surface is provided in the decoated region 16B of Embodiment 13. Here, based on the measured directivity results, a calculation is performed... Figure 25 The average gain AG is shown within the pointing angle ranges of -90° to -45°, -45° to 45°, and 45° to 90°. The calculated result is presented below. Figure 33 It should be noted that when the standard value (H-OH) / λ0 is 0 (zero), the height H of the uncoated region 16B is the same as the height OH of the opening surface of antenna A1. Furthermore, when the standard value (H-OH) / λ0 is 1, the height H of the uncoated region 16B is the same as the sum of the height OH of the opening surface of antenna A1 and the wavelength λ0 of the electromagnetic wave.

[0134] Similarly, for the vehicle window glass of the above reference example, the average gain AG within each pointing angle range of -90° to -45°, -45° to 45°, and 45° to 90° was calculated, and the results are shown below. Figure 33 The value obtained by subtracting 3 dBi from the average gain AG in the ranges of -90° to -45° and 45° to 90° is also shown in the figure. Figure 33 middle.

[0135] like Figure 33As shown, the average gain AG of Example 13 within the pointing angle range of -45° to 45° is greater than the value obtained by subtracting 3 dBi from the average gain AG of the reference example, which is a good value. In addition, if the standard value (H-OH) / λ0 is 1 or more, the average gain AG of Example 13 within the pointing angle range of -45° to 45° is approximately the same as the average gain AG of the reference example.

[0136] Furthermore, within the entire range of height H of the uncoated area 16B, the average gain AG of Example 13, within the pointing angle range of -90° to -45° and 45° to 90°, is greater than the average gain AG of the reference example.

[0137] Therefore, when the standard value (H-OH) / λ0 is 1 or higher, the average gain AG of Example 13 within the pointing angle ranges of -45° to 45° and -90° to -45°, and 45° to 90° is approximately the same as or higher than the average gain AG of the reference example. Furthermore, when the standard value (H-OH) / λ0 is 1 or higher, the height H of the uncoated region 16B is the sum of the height OH of the opening surface of antenna A1 and the wavelength λ0 of the electromagnetic wave. Therefore, when the height H of the uncoated region 16B is the sum of the height OH of the opening surface of antenna A1 and the wavelength λ0 of the electromagnetic wave, sufficient electromagnetic wave transmittance can be ensured, and sufficient gain can be obtained for the example corresponding to antenna A1.

[0138] <Example of a frequency-selective surface>

[0139] Next, refer to Figures 28A-28D and Figure 29 An example of a frequency-selective surface is given.

[0140] The vehicle window glass in Examples 8 and 9 is... Figure 2 and Figure 3 The windshield 11 shown has the same structure. The coating removal area 6B of Example 8 has multiple... Figure 10A The frequency-selective surface of the first unit region U1 shown. The coating removal region 6B of Embodiment 9 has multiple... Figure 11 The frequency-selective surface of the second unit region U2 is shown. A TM wave, which is an electromagnetic wave, is incident on the coating removal region 6B of Examples 8 and 9 at an angle of 65° or 70° from the direction of the FR axis to the negative direction of the LH axis. In other words, the incident angle of the TM wave is 65° or 70°. For the cases where the incident angle of the TM wave is 65° or 70° and the frequency band of the TM wave is 5.9 GHz or 28 GHz, the electromagnetic wave transmittance of Examples 8 and 9 is determined by electromagnetic field simulation. Furthermore, the transmittance is determined when the electromagnetic wave transmittance is -3 dB or higher, or when the electromagnetic wave transmittance is -1 dB or higher. Figure 10AThe combination of width P1 and distance G1 shown, and Figure 11 The combination of width P2 and line width W2 is shown. The result is presented below. Figure 28A , Figure 28B and Figure 29 middle.

[0141] It should be noted that, for the vehicle window glass of Embodiments 11 and 12, the electromagnetic wave transmittance is calculated through electromagnetic field simulation, similar to that of the vehicle window glass of Embodiment 8. The electromagnetic transmittance calculated for Embodiments 11 and 12 is... Figure 28A and Figure 28B The results shown are the same. The vehicle window glass of Example 11, except for the area 6B where the coating is removed, has multiple... Figure 10B Except for the frequency-selective surface of the first unit region U1a shown, it has the same configuration as the vehicle window glass of Embodiment 8. The vehicle window glass of Embodiment 12, except for the decoated area 6B, has a configuration containing multiple... Figure 10C Apart from the frequency selection surface of the first unit region U1b shown, it has the same configuration as the vehicle window glass of Embodiment 8.

[0142] like Figure 28A As shown, in Example 8, when the incident angle of the TM wave is 65°, the frequency band of the TM wave is 5.9 GHz, and the electromagnetic wave transmittance is above -3 dB, the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy P1 ≤ 5.84 × G1 0.20 Furthermore, when the TM wave bandwidth is 5.9 GHz and the electromagnetic wave transmittance is above -1 dB, the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy P1 ≤ 3.31 × G1. 0.23 Furthermore, when the TM wave bandwidth is 28 GHz and the electromagnetic wave transmittance is above -3 dB, the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy P1 ≤ 2.10 × G1. 0.25 Furthermore, when the TM wave bandwidth is 28 GHz and the electromagnetic wave transmittance is above -1 dB, the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy P1 ≤ 1.51 × G1. 0.30 As described above, by satisfying the specified relationship between width P1 and distance G1, good electromagnetic wave transmittance can be ensured in all frequency bands.

[0143] like Figure 28B As shown, in Example 8, when the incident angle of the TM wave is 70°, the frequency band of the TM wave is 5.9 GHz, and the electromagnetic wave transmittance is -3 dB or higher, the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy P1 ≤ 6.79 × G1. 0.19At this time, good electromagnetic wave transmittance can be ensured. Furthermore, when the TM wave bandwidth is 5.9 GHz and the electromagnetic wave transmittance is above -1 dB, the width P1 and distance G1 satisfy P1 ≤ 4.69 × G1. 0.22 At this time, good electromagnetic wave transmittance can be ensured. Furthermore, when the TM wave bandwidth is 28GHz and the electromagnetic wave transmittance is above -3dB, the width P1 and distance G1 satisfy P1≤2.30×G1. 0.25 At this time, good electromagnetic wave transmittance can be ensured. Furthermore, when the TM wave bandwidth is 28GHz and the electromagnetic wave transmittance is above -1dB, the width P1 and distance G1 satisfy P1≤1.62×G1. 0.30 At this time, good electromagnetic wave transmittance can be ensured. As mentioned above, by satisfying the specified relationship between width P1 and distance G1, good electromagnetic wave transmittance can be ensured in all frequency bands.

[0144] In Example 8, when the TM wave bandwidth is 5.9 GHz and the electromagnetic wave transmittance is above -3 dB, the width P1 and the distance G1 can satisfy P1 ≤ 6.79 × G1. 0.19 Preferably, P1 ≤ 5.84 × G1 0.20 When the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy the following relationship, good electromagnetic wave transmittance can be ensured at each incident angle of the TM wave.

[0145] like Figure 29 As shown, in Example 9, when the TM wave bandwidth is 5.9 GHz and the electromagnetic wave transmittance is above -3 dB, the width P2 and the linewidth W2 satisfy P2 ≥ 8.91 × W2. 0.32 Furthermore, when the TM wave bandwidth is 5.9 GHz and the electromagnetic wave transmittance is above -1 dB, the bandwidth P2 and linewidth W2 satisfy P2 ≥ 9.89 × W2. 0.07 Furthermore, when the TM wave bandwidth is 28 GHz and the electromagnetic wave transmittance is above -3 dB, the bandwidth P2 and linewidth W2 satisfy P2 ≥ 2.24 × W2. 0.15 Furthermore, when the TM wave bandwidth is 28 GHz and the electromagnetic wave transmittance is above -1 dB, the bandwidth P2 and linewidth W2 satisfy P2 ≥ 4.13 × W2. 0.01 As mentioned above, by satisfying the specified relationship between width P2 and linewidth W2, good electromagnetic wave transmittance can be ensured in all frequency bands.

[0146] The vehicle window glass in Example 10 is... Figure 4 The rear window glass 22 shown has the same configuration. The coating removal area 26B of Embodiment 10 has multiple... Figure 10AThe frequency-selective surface of the first unit region U1 shown. The coating removal region 26B in Example 10 has multiple... Figure 11 The frequency-selective surface of the second unit region U2 is shown. A TM wave, which is an electromagnetic wave, is incident on the coating removal region 6B of Example 10 at an angle of 65° or 70° from the direction of the FR axis to the negative direction of the LH axis. In other words, the incident angle of the TM wave is 65° or 70°. For the cases where the incident angle of the TM wave is 65° or 70° and the frequency band of the TM wave is 5.9 GHz or 28 GHz, the electromagnetic wave transmittance of Example 10 is determined by electromagnetic field simulation. Furthermore, the transmittance is determined when it is -3 dB or higher, or when it is -1 dB or higher. Figure 10A The combination of width P1 and distance G1 shown, and Figure 11 The combination of width P2 and line width W2 is shown. The result is presented below. Figure 28C and Figure 28D middle.

[0147] like Figure 28C As shown, in Example 10, when the incident angle of the TM wave is 65°, the frequency band of the TM wave is 5.9 GHz, and the electromagnetic wave transmittance is -3 dB or higher, the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy P1 ≤ 6.80 × G1 0.20 Furthermore, when the TM wave bandwidth is 5.9 GHz and the electromagnetic wave transmittance is above -1 dB, the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy P1 ≤ 4.03 × G1. 0.23 Furthermore, when the TM wave bandwidth is 28 GHz and the electromagnetic wave transmittance is above -3 dB, the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy P1 ≤ 2.40 × G1. 0.23 Furthermore, when the TM wave bandwidth is 28 GHz and the electromagnetic wave transmittance is above -1 dB, the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy P1 ≤ 1.57 × G1. 0.29 As described above, by satisfying the specified relationship between width P1 and distance G1, good electromagnetic wave transmittance can be ensured in all frequency bands.

[0148] like Figure 28D As shown, in Example 10, when the incident angle of the TM wave is 70°, the frequency band of the TM wave is 5.9 GHz, and the electromagnetic wave transmittance is -3 dB or higher, the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy P1 ≤ 7.38 × G1 0.17 At this time, good electromagnetic wave transmittance can be ensured. Furthermore, when the TM wave bandwidth is 5.9 GHz and the electromagnetic wave transmittance is above -1 dB, the width P1 and distance G1 satisfy P1 ≤ 4.90 × G1. 0.21At this time, good electromagnetic wave transmittance can be ensured. Furthermore, when the TM wave bandwidth is 28GHz and the electromagnetic wave transmittance is above -3dB, the width P1 and distance G1 satisfy P1≤2.53×G1. 0.23 At this time, good electromagnetic wave transmittance can be ensured. Furthermore, when the TM wave bandwidth is 28GHz and the electromagnetic wave transmittance is above -1dB, the width P1 and distance G1 satisfy P1≤1.69×G1. 0.27 At this time, good electromagnetic wave transmittance can be ensured. As mentioned above, by satisfying the specified relationship between width P1 and distance G1, good electromagnetic wave transmittance can be ensured in all frequency bands.

[0149] In Example 10, when the TM wave bandwidth is 5.9 GHz and the electromagnetic wave transmittance is above -3 dB, the width P1 and the distance G1 can satisfy P1 ≤ 7.38 × G1. 0.17 Preferably, P1 ≤ 6.80 × G1 0.20 When the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy the following relationship, good electromagnetic wave transmittance can be ensured at each incident angle of the TM wave.

[0150] It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and appropriate modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. Furthermore, the present invention can also be implemented by appropriately combining the above embodiments or examples thereof.

[0151] This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-003391, filed on January 12, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0152] Label Explanation

[0153] 10 Vehicle window glass

[0154] 1, 11, 21, 31 Windshield

[0155] 2. Rear window glass

[0156] 3. Left side window glass

[0157] 4. Right side window glass

[0158] 6. Glass plate-like body

[0159] Glass plates 61 and 63

[0160] 62 Intermediate Membrane

[0161] 6A Coverage Area

[0162] 6B, 16B Coating Removal Area

[0163] 7. Conductive film

[0164] A1 and A2 antennas

[0165] FSS1 Frequency Selective Surface

[0166] G0, G1, G2 distances (excluding coating width)

[0167] MM, MM1, MM2 vehicles

[0168] Height of the OH opening

[0169] OW opening width

[0170] P0, P1, P2 widths (coating removal cycle)

[0171] Unit regions U0~U8, U1a, U1b

[0172] Uc, U1c~U8c, U11c conductor section

[0173] U8ca main body

[0174] U8cb Straight section

[0175] Us, U1s~U8s, U11s grooves

[0176] 5sa main body

[0177] U5sb linear portion

[0178] W, W3~W8 width

[0179] W2 line width

Claims

1. A vehicle window, said vehicle window will be installed in an opening of a vehicle equipped with an antenna inside the passenger compartment, wherein, The vehicle window glass is at least one of a windshield and a rear window. At least one of the windshield and the rear window has a first glass plate covered by a first conductive film. The first glass plate has at least a portion of the first conductive film having a coating removal area where the first conductive film has been removed. With the windshield and the rear window installed on the vehicle, when viewing at least one of the windshield and the rear window from a horizontal perspective, The height H of the area where the coating is removed is greater than or equal to the height OH of the opening surface of the antenna. The width W of the area where the coating is removed is more than 10 times the wavelength λ0 of the electromagnetic wave that passes through the area where the coating is removed.

2. A vehicle window, said vehicle window will be installed in an opening of a vehicle equipped with an antenna inside the passenger compartment, wherein, The vehicle window glass is at least one of a windshield and a rear window. At least one of the windshield and the rear window has a first glass plate covered by a first conductive film. The first glass plate has at least a portion of the first conductive film having a coating removal area where the first conductive film has been removed. With the windshield and the rear window installed on the vehicle, when viewing at least one of the windshield and the rear window from a horizontal perspective, The height H of the area where the coating is removed is greater than or equal to the sum of the height OH of the antenna opening and the wavelength λ0 of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the area where the coating is removed. The width W of the area where the coating is removed is more than 2.5 times the wavelength λ0 of the electromagnetic wave that passes through the area where the coating is removed.

3. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The area where the coating is removed has a frequency-selective surface that allows electromagnetic waves of a specified frequency band to pass through.

4. The vehicle window glass according to claim 3, wherein, The frequency selection surface comprises multiple cell regions arranged in a matrix. Each unit region has a rectangular conductor section and a slot section extending in the horizontal direction. The width P0 of the unit region, the width G0 of the slot, and a and b, determined according to the specified frequency band of the electromagnetic waves transmitted through the frequency-selective surface, satisfy P0 ≤ a × G0. b .

5. The vehicle window glass according to claim 3, wherein, The frequency selection surface comprises multiple cell regions arranged in a matrix. Each unit region has an approximately polygonal conductor portion and a slot portion extending in a frame shape to surround the conductor portion. The width P1 of the unit region, the distance G1 between the conductor portions in adjacent unit regions, and a and b determined according to the specified frequency band of the electromagnetic waves transmitted through the frequency-selective surface satisfy P1 ≤ a × G1. b .

6. The vehicle window glass according to claim 3, wherein, The frequency selection surface comprises multiple cell regions arranged in a matrix. Each unit region has a square slot and a conductor portion extending in a frame shape to surround the slot. The width P2 of the unit region, the linewidth W2 of the conductor portions in adjacent unit regions, and a and b determined according to the specified frequency band of the electromagnetic waves transmitted through the frequency-selective surface satisfy P2 ≥ a × W2. b .

7. The vehicle window glass according to claim 3, wherein, The frequency selection surface comprises multiple cell regions arranged in a matrix. Each unit region has a square first conductor portion, a slot portion extending in a frame shape to surround the first conductor portion, and a second conductor portion extending in a frame shape to surround the slot portion.

8. The vehicle window glass according to claim 3, wherein, The frequency selection surface comprises multiple cell regions arranged in a matrix. Each unit region has a square first groove, a frame-shaped conductor extending to surround the first groove, and a frame-shaped second groove extending to surround the conductor.

9. The vehicle window glass according to claim 3, wherein, The frequency selection surface comprises multiple cell regions arranged in a matrix. Each unit region has a groove extending in a cross shape and a conductor portion surrounding the groove.

10. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The vehicle window glass also includes side window glass. The side window glass has a second glass plate and a second conductive film. The entire surface of the second glass plate is covered by the second conductive film.

11. The vehicle window glass according to claim 10, wherein, The windshield comprises a first glass panel, a second glass panel, and a first interlayer film. The windshield is a laminated glass formed by bonding the first glass panel and the second glass panel together with a first interlayer film. When the windshield is installed on the vehicle, the first glass panel is positioned further inside the vehicle than the second glass panel. The first conductive film is disposed on the inner surface of the first glass plate.

12. The vehicle window glass according to claim 10, wherein, The windshield comprises a first glass panel, a second glass panel, and a first interlayer film. The windshield is a laminated glass formed by bonding the first glass panel and the second glass panel together with a first interlayer film. When the windshield is installed on the vehicle, the second glass panel is positioned further outward than the first glass panel. The first conductive film is disposed on the inner surface of the second glass plate.

13. The vehicle window glass according to claim 11, wherein, When the rear window is installed on the vehicle, a third conductive film is disposed on the inner surface of the rear window. The inner side of the rear window glass is covered by the third conductive film.

14. The vehicle window glass according to claim 11, wherein, The rear window glass is a laminated glass formed by bonding a third glass panel and a fourth glass panel together with a second interlayer film. When the rear window is installed on the vehicle, the fourth glass panel is positioned further outward than the third glass panel. The third conductive film is disposed on the inner surface of the fourth glass plate.

15. The vehicle window glass according to claim 11, wherein, When the rear window is installed on the vehicle, a third conductive film is disposed on the inner surface of the rear window. At least a portion of the third conductive film has the removed coating region where the third conductive film has been removed.

16. The vehicle window glass according to claim 15, wherein, The rear window glass is a laminated glass formed by bonding a third glass panel and a fourth glass panel together with a second interlayer film. When the rear window is installed on the vehicle, the fourth glass panel is positioned further outward than the third glass panel. The third conductive film is disposed on the inner surface of the fourth glass plate. At least a portion of the third conductive film has the removed coating region where the third conductive film has been removed.

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