A layered fertilization strip no-tillage conservation tillage seeder

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of seeding machines, in particular to a layered fertilization strip no-tillage conservation tillage seeding machine which can automatically change the fertilization depth according to the soil hardness and solve the problem that the existing device is not easy to automatically change the fertilization depth according to the soil hardness; the seeding machine comprises a tillage mechanism connected to the seeding machine; the tillage mechanism comprises a first subsoiling guide; the tillage direction of the first subsoiling guide is connected with a fertilization mechanism on the back side; the fertilization mechanism comprises a fertilization box; the fertilization box is provided with a first fertilization hole and a second fertilization hole located at the lower part of the first fertilization hole; a switching plate is slidably connected in the fertilization box; when the switching plate slides in the fertilization box, the switching plate can block the first fertilization hole or the second fertilization hole; when the tillage resistance of the first subsoiling guide increases, the switching plate moves upwards, thereby blocking the first fertilization hole and opening the second fertilization hole; the seeding machine can automatically adjust the fertilization depth according to the soil hardness, and the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seeder technology, and in particular to a layered fertilization strip no-till conservation tillage seeder. Background Technology

[0002] Conservation tillage, as one of the core technologies for sustainable agricultural development, effectively achieves the goals of water and fertilizer conservation, soil structure improvement, and soil erosion reduction by reducing soil disturbance and retaining crop residues as cover. It has been widely used in arid and semi-arid regions and large-scale agricultural production in my country. Among them, no-till precision seeding technology, as a key link in conservation tillage, needs to complete seeding, fertilization, and other operations without completely tilling the soil, which places higher demands on the integration and precision of machinery.

[0003] Fertilization, as a crucial nutrient supply link for crop growth, directly affects fertilizer utilization and root development through its depth and proper stratification. Different soil types (such as sandy soil and clay soil) have significantly different requirements for fertilization depth: Sandy soil has good aeration but poor water and fertilizer retention capacity; if fertilizer is applied too deeply, it is easily lost through water infiltration, requiring shallow fertilization to improve nutrient absorption efficiency; Clay soil is compact and has poor aeration, requiring crop roots to extend deeper to obtain more oxygen and nutrients. In this case, deep fertilization can guide the roots downwards while avoiding fertilizer accumulation on the surface, which can lead to seedling burn or volatilization losses.

[0004] While existing no-till precision seeders have achieved combined seeding and fertilization, they have significant limitations in the dynamic adjustment of fertilization depth: the fertilization depth of most models needs to be preset manually (such as adjusting the height of the fertilizer furrow opener), and cannot adaptively adjust according to real-time changes in soil type during operation. For example, when the machine moves from sandy soil to clay soil, maintaining shallow fertilization will lead to low fertilizer utilization in clay soil; conversely, deep fertilization in sandy soil will cause nutrient loss.

[0005] Therefore, developing a stratified fertilization precision seeding device that can sense soil conditions in real time, automatically adjust fertilization depth, and adapt to no-till farming environments, based on the physical and chemical properties of different soil types, is of great significance for improving fertilizer utilization efficiency in conservation tillage, promoting crop growth, and driving sustainable agricultural development. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a layered fertilization strip no-till conservation tillage seeder to solve the problem that existing devices are not easy to automatically change the fertilization depth according to soil hardness.

[0007] To alleviate the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows: A layered fertilization strip no-till conservation tillage seeder includes a tillage mechanism, a fertilization component, a ditching mechanism, a soil covering mechanism, and a compaction mechanism; The ditching mechanism, tillage mechanism, fertilization component, soil covering mechanism, and compaction mechanism are installed sequentially on the seeder along the working direction.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a resistance sensing mechanism; The fertilizer application component is a fertilizer application mechanism; The tillage mechanism includes a first deep tillage guide rod, and the fertilization mechanism includes a fertilization box. The fertilization box has a first fertilization hole and a second fertilization hole arranged sequentially from top to bottom. A switching plate is slidably connected inside the fertilization box. When the resistance sensing mechanism detects an increase in the tillage resistance of the first deep tillage guide rod, the switching plate moves up, thereby closing the first fertilization hole and opening the second fertilization hole. The tillage mechanism also includes a first arm connected to the seeder, and the first deep tillage guide ruler is connected to the first arm via a four-bar linkage structure; The resistance sensing mechanism includes a hydraulic rod, a slide, an electric telescopic rod, and a stop. A pawl and a ratchet are provided between the slide and the first arm body.

[0009] Furthermore, a piston chamber is provided on the slide block, and a piston rod is slidably connected in the piston chamber. The piston chamber is connected to a passive cylinder through a pipe. The fertilizer box is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft, and a first gear and a second gear are fixedly connected to both ends of the rotating shaft, respectively. A second rack that meshes with the second gear is provided on the switching plate. The output end of the passive cylinder is fixedly connected to a first rack that meshes with the first gear. The extension and retraction of the passive cylinder can drive the switching plate to rise and fall.

[0010] Furthermore, the fertilizer application mechanism also includes a conveying pipe, which penetrates the top wall of the fertilizer box and is fixedly connected to a sphere, with a through hole in the middle of the sphere communicating with the conveying pipe; A wedge is fixedly connected to the first rack, a steering seat is slidably connected inside the fertilizer box, the ball is rotatably connected to the steering seat, the wedge slides through the steering seat, and a boss that cooperates with the wedge is provided inside the steering seat. When the passive cylinder shortens, the wedge moves upward, thereby driving the steering seat to slide towards the first fertilizer hole, so as to push the through hole of the ball toward the first fertilizer hole.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a mud-blocking mechanism, which includes two baffles symmetrically hinged inside the fertilizer box. A pull rope is connected between the hinge axis of the two baffles and the rotating shaft. When the passive cylinder shortens, the rotating shaft winds up the pull rope so that the two baffles swing relative to each other, thereby isolating the upper and lower spaces inside the fertilizer box. The mud-blocking mechanism also includes side plates fixedly connected to the fertilizer box on both sides of the first fertilizer hole and the second fertilizer hole, a first swing plate hinged to the upper part of the first fertilizer hole, and a second swing plate hinged to the upper part of the second fertilizer hole.

[0012] Furthermore, the fertilization component consists of a base fertilizer mechanism and a seed fertilizer mechanism; The base fertilizer mechanism includes a second deep loosening guide ruler and a base fertilizer pipe, and the seed fertilizer mechanism includes a dovetail shovel, a seeding pipe and a fertilizer inlet pipe. The second deep loosening guide ruler is used to deepen the groove opened by the trenching mechanism, and the dovetail shovel is used to widen the groove to form a wide seedling strip.

[0013] Furthermore, the trenching mechanism includes a trenching cutting disc, which includes a depth-limiting ring and a circular slice coaxially fixed to the end of the depth-limiting ring. The base fertilizer mechanism also includes a shock-absorbing rod, the two ends of which are connected to the seeder and the second deep loosening guide ruler, respectively.

[0014] Furthermore, the dovetail shovel is connected to the seeder via a first elastic connecting plate, which can apply a reverse thrust to the dovetail shovel. The seeding pipe and the fertilizer inlet pipe are both connected to the first elastic connecting plate, and the seeding pipe and the fertilizer inlet pipe are staggered.

[0015] Furthermore, the soil covering mechanism includes a first soil covering plate and a second soil covering plate, which are arranged in a V-shape.

[0016] Furthermore, the pressing mechanism includes a pressing frame, a pressing wheel, and a second elastic connecting plate, the second elastic connecting plate applying downward pressure to the pressing frame.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are analyzed as follows: A layered fertilization strip no-till conservation tillage seeder includes a tillage mechanism connected to the seeder. The tillage mechanism includes a first deep loosening guide. A fertilization mechanism is connected to the back side of the first deep loosening guide in the tillage direction. The fertilization mechanism includes a fertilizer box with a first fertilizer hole and a second fertilizer hole located below the first fertilizer hole. A switching plate is slidably connected inside the fertilizer box. When the switching plate slides in the fertilizer box, it can block the first fertilizer hole or the second fertilizer hole. When the tillage resistance of the first deep loosening guide increases, the switching plate moves up, thereby blocking the first fertilizer hole and opening the second fertilizer hole.

[0018] The tiller moves the first deep tillage guide to loosen the soil. As the tiller moves, the fertilization mechanism operates simultaneously to apply fertilizer to the soil. If the soil is sandy, the first deep tillage guide has less resistance to movement. To prevent nutrients from seeping into the soil, the switching plate moves downward, and the first fertilization hole at the top opens, allowing fertilizer to be discharged through it. If the soil is clay, the first deep tillage guide has increased resistance to movement. To encourage crop roots to grow deeper, the switching plate moves upward, and the second fertilization hole at the bottom opens, allowing fertilizer to be discharged through it. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments or related technologies of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tillage mechanism of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first arm of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the resistance sensing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the piston rod structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fertilization mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the fertilizer box of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the swing plate in this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the mud-blocking mechanism of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the trenching disc structure of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a front view of the base fertilizer mechanism and the seed fertilizer mechanism of the present invention; Figure 13 This is an isometric view of the base fertilizer mechanism and the seed fertilizer mechanism of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a top view of the base fertilizer mechanism and the seed fertilizer mechanism of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the pressing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 16 This is a front view of the seed-fertilizer mechanism in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 17 This is an isometric view of the seed-fertilizer mechanism in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0021] icon: 100. Tillage mechanism; 110. First arm; 120. Second arm; 130. Third arm; 140. Fourth arm; 150. First deep tillage guide; 200. Resistance sensing mechanism; 210. Hydraulic rod; 220. Slide; 221. Piston rod; 222. Piston chamber; 223. Pipeline; 230. Pawl; 240. Ratchet; 250. Screw; 260. Pad; 270. Electric telescopic rod; 280. Stop; 300. Fertilizer applicator Structure; 301, Fertilizer box; 302, First fertilizer hole; 303, Second fertilizer hole; 310, Passive cylinder; 320, Wedge; 330, First rack; 340, Rotating shaft; 341, First gear; 342, Second gear; 350, Switching plate; 351, Second rack; 360, Feed pipe; 361, Ball; 370, Steering seat; 400, Mudguard mechanism; 410, Baffle; 420, Pull rope; 430, Hinge shaft; 440, First main... 450. Drive shaft; 451. First driven gear; 452. Second driving gear; 460. First swing plate; 461. Second driven gear; 470. Second swing plate; 471. Third driven gear; 500. Trenching mechanism; 510. Trenching cutting disc; 511. Circular slicer; 512. Depth limiting ring; 600. Base fertilizer mechanism; 610. Second deep loosening guide; 620. Base fertilizer tube; 630. Shock absorber; 700. Seed fertilizer mechanism; 710. Dovetail shovel; 720. Seeding tube; 730. Fertilizer inlet tube; 740. First elastic connecting plate; 750. Parallel four-bar linkage assembly; 751. First connecting rod; 752. Second connecting rod; 753. Third connecting rod; 754. Fourth connecting rod; 760. Auxiliary wheel; 770. Auxiliary spring; 800. Soil covering mechanism; 810. First soil covering plate; 820. Second soil covering plate; 900. Pressing mechanism; 910. Pressing frame; 920. Pressing wheel; 930. Second elastic connecting plate. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0025] Example 1, such as Figures 1-9 As shown, a layered fertilization strip no-till conservation tillage seeder includes a tillage mechanism 100, a fertilization component, a ditching mechanism 500, a soil covering mechanism 800, and a compaction mechanism 900; the ditching mechanism 500, tillage mechanism 100, fertilization component, soil covering mechanism 800, and compaction mechanism 900 are installed sequentially on the seeder along the working direction.

[0026] The working mechanism of the layered fertilization strip no-till conservation tillage seeder provided in this embodiment is as follows: During cultivation, the seeder moves, the furrowing mechanism 500 forms a groove on the ground, the tillage mechanism 100 and the fertilization component deepen and widen the groove and apply fertilizer and sow seeds, the soil covering mechanism 800 covers the seeds and fertilizer, and the compaction mechanism 900 compacts the soil.

[0027] Among the optional methods in this embodiment, the more preferred one is: The seeder also includes a resistance sensing mechanism 200, a fertilization component 300, and a tillage mechanism 100 including a first deep tillage guide 150. The fertilization mechanism 300 is connected to the back side of the first deep tillage guide 150 in the tillage direction. The fertilization mechanism 300 includes a fertilizer box 301. The fertilizer box 301 has a first fertilizer hole 302 and a second fertilizer hole 303 located below the first fertilizer hole 302. A switching plate 350 is slidably connected inside the fertilizer box 301. When the switching plate 350 slides in the fertilizer box 301, it can block the first fertilizer hole 302 or the second fertilizer hole 303. When the tillage resistance of the first deep tillage guide 150 increases, the switching plate 350 moves upward, thereby blocking the first fertilizer hole 302 and opening the second fertilizer hole 303.

[0028] The tiller moves the first deep tillage guide 150 to loosen the soil. While the tiller is moving, the fertilization mechanism 300 operates simultaneously to apply fertilizer to the soil. If the soil is sandy, the first deep tillage guide 150 has less resistance to movement. To prevent nutrients from seeping into the soil, the switching plate 350 moves downward, and the first fertilization hole 302 at the top opens, allowing fertilizer to be discharged through the first fertilization hole 302. If the soil is clay, the first deep tillage guide 150 has increased resistance to movement. To encourage crop roots to grow deeper, the switching plate 350 moves upward, and the second fertilization hole 303 at the bottom opens, allowing fertilizer to be discharged through the second fertilization hole 303. The vertical distance between the first fertilizer hole 302 and the second fertilizer hole 303 is about ten centimeters to ensure that the fertilizer release depth can reach the required level.

[0029] Among the optional methods in this embodiment, the more preferred one is: The tillage mechanism 100 includes a first arm 110 connected to a seeder, and a first deep tillage guide 150 connected to the first arm 110 via a four-bar linkage.

[0030] The four-bar linkage includes a first arm 110, a second arm 120, a third arm 130, and a fourth arm 140. A first deep slack guide 150 is vertically fixed to the fourth arm 140. The two ends of the second arm 120 are hinged to the first arm 110 and the third arm 130, respectively. The two ends of the fourth arm 140 are hinged to the third arm 130 and the first arm 110, respectively.

[0031] Among the optional methods in this embodiment, the more preferred one is: A resistance sensing mechanism 200 is provided on the first arm 110. The resistance sensing mechanism 200 includes a hydraulic rod 210 connected to the first arm 110. The hydraulic rod 210 is used to adjust the angle of the first deep tillage guide 150 and the tillage depth. A slide block 220 is slidably connected to the first arm 110. The cylinder of the hydraulic rod 210 is hinged to the slide block 220. A stop block 280 is fixedly connected to the slide block 220. An electric telescopic rod 270 is fixedly connected to the first arm 110. When the electric telescopic rod 270 extends or retracts, it can block or release the slide block 220 so that the slide block 220 is locked or unlocked to the first arm 110. A pressure sensor is provided at the contact point between the stop block 280 and the electric telescopic rod 270. When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure applied by the electric telescopic rod 270 exceeds a set value, the electric telescopic rod 270 shortens.

[0032] The output end of the hydraulic rod 210 is hinged to the connection between the second arm 120 and the third arm 130. By controlling the extension and retraction of the hydraulic rod 210, the tillage depth of the first deep tillage guide 150 and the angle with the first arm 110 can be controlled. The first arm 110 can be fixedly connected to the seeder or hinged and swung by hydraulic drive. When the seeder moves to cultivate the soil, the soil layer exerts resistance on the first deep tillage guide 150, and the acute angle between the first deep tillage guide 150 and the first arm 110 tends to increase. At this time, the hydraulic rod 210 is under pressure, and the stop block 280 on the slide 220 applies pressure to the electric telescopic rod 270. When the soil hardness increases, the moving resistance of the first deep tillage guide 150 is greater, and the pressure value obtained by the pressure sensor on the stop block 280 is greater. By setting a pressure threshold, when the collected pressure value exceeds the pressure threshold, the electric telescopic rod 270 is shortened. At this time, the slide 220 can slide relative to the first arm 110, so that the angle of the first deep tillage guide 150 changes slightly. The movement of the slide 220 is transmitted to the switching plate 350, causing the switching plate 350 to move upward, so that the second fertilizer hole 303 opens. It should also be noted that the pressure value collected by the pressure sensor should be the average value of multiple collections and calculations to avoid the impact of sudden increases in pressure value caused by stones or other hard objects in the soil. If the sudden increase in pressure value exceeds the maximum equivalent resistance that the clay soil layer should cause, the electric telescopic pole 270 will still maintain its original state.

[0033] Among the optional methods in this embodiment, the more preferred one is: A ratchet rack 240 is installed inside the first arm body 110, and a pawl 230 that cooperates with the ratchet rack 240 is provided at the bottom of the slide 220.

[0034] To prevent the slide 220 from moving in the opposite direction after it has moved, a ratchet 240 is provided at the lower part of the slide 220, and a pawl 230 is provided at the lower part of the slide 220 to ensure that the slide 220 can only slide in one direction. When changing to cultivate land in different regions, it is necessary to reset the slide 220. Then, remove the pad 260 between the ratchet 240 and the first arm 110, and then rotate the screw 250 to remove the ratchet 240. At this time, the slide 220 can be pushed to reset. Then, the ratchet 240 is installed on the first arm 110 through the screw 250, and the pad 260 is placed between the ratchet 240 and the first arm 110.

[0035] Among the optional methods in this embodiment, the more preferred one is: The fertilization mechanism 300 also includes a rotating shaft 340 rotatably connected to the fertilizer box 301. The two ends of the rotating shaft 340 are respectively fixedly connected to a first gear 341 and a second gear 342. A second rack 351 that meshes with the second gear 342 is provided on the switching plate 350. A passive cylinder 310 is fixedly connected to the top of the fertilizer box 301. A piston rod 221 is fixedly connected to the first arm 110. A piston chamber 222 that cooperates with the piston rod 221 is opened on the slide 220. The piston chamber 222 is connected to the passive cylinder 310 through a pipe 223. A first rack 330 that meshes with the first gear 341 is fixedly connected to the output end of the passive cylinder 310. When the tillage resistance of the first deep tillage guide 150 increases, the piston rod 221 slides into the piston chamber 222, thereby extending the passive cylinder 310 to drive the switching plate 350 to move upward.

[0036] When the slide block 220 slides, the piston rod 221 slides into the piston chamber 222. The gas in the piston chamber 222 is transmitted to the passive cylinder 310. At this time, the passive cylinder 310 extends and drives the first rack 330 to move down. The first rack 330 drives the first gear 341 to rotate, and then the shaft 340 rotates and drives the second gear 342 to rotate. The second gear 342 drives the second rack 351 to move up, and the switching plate 350 connected to the second rack 351 moves up, thereby opening the lower second fertilizer hole 303.

[0037] Among the optional methods in this embodiment, the more preferred one is: The fertilization mechanism 300 also includes a conveying pipe 360, which passes through the top wall of the fertilizer box 301 and is fixedly connected to a ball 361. The ball 361 has a through hole in the middle that communicates with the conveying pipe 360. A wedge 320 is fixedly connected to the first rack 330. A steering seat 370 is slidably connected inside the fertilizer box 301. The ball 361 is rotatably connected to the steering seat 370. The wedge 320 slides through the steering seat 370. A boss that cooperates with the wedge 320 is provided inside the steering seat 370. When the passive cylinder 310 shortens, the wedge 320 moves upward, thereby driving the steering seat 370 to slide towards the first fertilizer hole 302, so as to push the through hole of the ball 361 toward the first fertilizer hole 302.

[0038] Fertilizer enters the fertilizer box 301 through the feed pipe 360 ​​and is discharged through the first fertilizer hole 302 or the second fertilizer hole 303 on the fertilizer box 301. When the switching plate 350 is in the downward state, the first fertilizer hole 302 is open, and the wedge 320 on the first rack 330 is in the upward state. The wedge 320 pushes the steering seat 370 to slide towards the first fertilizer hole 302. The steering seat 370 pushes the ball 361 closer to the first fertilizer hole 302. The feed pipe 360 ​​in the fertilizer box 301 is relatively short, and the ball 361 is rotatably connected to the steering seat 370. At this time, the through hole of the ball 361 faces the first fertilizer hole 302, which reduces the amount of fertilizer deposited in the fertilizer box 301. The conveying pipe 360 ​​is equipped with a metal mesh support inside the pipe wall, or the conveying pipe 360 ​​is set as a corrugated pipe to ensure that the conveying pipe 360 ​​will not collapse when the ball 361 turns, thus preventing the fertilizer conveying from being obstructed.

[0039] Among the optional methods in this embodiment, the more preferred one is: The fertilizer box 301 has two baffles 410 symmetrically hinged inside. The hinge shaft 430 of the two baffles 410 is connected to the rotating shaft 340 with a pull rope 420. When the passive cylinder 310 shortens, the rotating shaft 340 rotates and winds up the pull rope 420, so that the two baffles 410 swing relative to each other, thereby isolating the upper and lower internal spaces of the fertilizer box 301.

[0040] In the initial state, the passive cylinder 310 is in a shortened state, and the rotating shaft 340 is in the state of winding the rope 420. As a result, the two baffles 410 rotate relative to each other and come into contact, dividing the fertilizer box 301 into two spaces. The upper space is connected to the first fertilizer hole 302, and the lower space is connected to the second fertilizer hole 303. When the two are isolated, fertilizer will not accumulate in the lower space of the fertilizer box 301. At this time, most of the fertilizer can be discharged through the first fertilizer hole 302, avoiding the slowdown of the discharge speed from the first fertilizer hole 302 due to the large accumulation of fertilizer.

[0041] Among the optional methods in this embodiment, the more preferred one is: Two magnets are symmetrically connected to the inner wall of the fertilizer box 301, and the two magnets are magnetically attracted to the two baffles 410 respectively.

[0042] Two magnets can magnetically attract the two baffles 410 respectively, so that when the first rack 330 moves up to release the pull rope 420, the magnets can attract the two baffles 410 away from each other. The magnets can be electromagnets or magnets with suitable magnetic force.

[0043] Regarding the structure of the mudguard mechanism 400, specifically: The mud-blocking mechanism 400 includes side plates fixedly connected to the fertilizer box 301 on both sides of the first fertilizer hole 302 and the second fertilizer hole 303, a first swing plate 460 hinged to the upper part of the first fertilizer hole 302, and a second swing plate 470 hinged to the upper part of the second fertilizer hole 303.

[0044] To prevent soil from clogging the first fertilizer hole 302 or the second fertilizer hole 303 during cultivation, side plates are provided on both sides of the fertilizer box 301 to prevent horizontal soil from blocking the fertilizer holes. The first swing plate 460 and the second swing plate 470 are respectively located above the first fertilizer hole 302 and the second fertilizer hole 303. They only swing upward to block the upper soil when the first fertilizer hole 302 or the second fertilizer hole 303 is opened. Normally, they are in a hanging state to avoid deformation or other damage caused by long-term soil pressure.

[0045] Among the optional methods in this embodiment, the more preferred one is: A drive shaft 450 is rotatably connected inside the fertilizer box 301. A first driven tooth 451 is fixedly connected to the middle of the drive shaft 450. A first driving tooth 440 that meshes with the first driven tooth 451 is fixedly connected to the hinge shaft 430. A second driven tooth 461 and a third driven tooth 471 are fixedly connected to the swing shafts of the first swing plate 460 and the second swing plate 470, respectively. A second driving tooth 452 is connected to both ends of the drive shaft 450. The two second driving teeth 452 mesh with the second driven tooth 461 and the third driven tooth 471, respectively.

[0046] The teeth of the second driven tooth 461 and the third driven tooth 471 are arranged in opposite directions. When the baffle 410 swings closer to each other, the first driving tooth 440 drives the first driven tooth 451 to rotate forward, thereby causing the transmission shaft 450 to rotate forward. The second driving teeth 452 at both ends of the transmission shaft 450 drive the second driven tooth 461 to rotate forward and the third driven tooth 471 to rotate in reverse, respectively. As a result, the first swing plate 460 swings upward and the second swing plate 470 swings downward. Conversely, when the two baffles 410 swing away from each other, the first swing plate 460 swings downward and the second swing plate 470 swings upward.

[0047] Example 2, refer to Figures 10-15 The difference from Embodiment 1 is that the fertilization component consists of a base fertilizer mechanism 600 and a seed fertilizer mechanism 700. The base fertilizer mechanism 600 includes a second deep loosening guide 610 and a base fertilizer tube 620. The seed fertilizer mechanism 700 includes a dovetail shovel 710, a sowing tube 720 and a seed fertilizer tube 730. The second deep loosening guide 610 is used to deepen the groove opened by the ditching mechanism 500, and the dovetail shovel 710 is used to widen the groove to form a wide seedling strip.

[0048] The second deep-loosening guide ruler 610 is located behind the furrowing mechanism 500. During operation, as the seeder moves, the second deep-loosening guide ruler 610 deepens the initial groove opened by the furrowing mechanism 500, forming a deep fertilization channel. The base fertilizer pipe 620 applies base fertilizer into this deep channel. The dovetail shovel 710 is located behind the second deep-loosening guide ruler 610 and widens the groove laterally at the shallow position, forming a wide seedbed and providing a wide distribution space for seeds and base fertilizer.

[0049] Among the optional methods in this embodiment, the more preferred one is: The ditching mechanism 500 includes a ditching cutting disc 510, which includes a depth limiting ring 512 and a circular slice 511 coaxially fixed to the end of the depth limiting ring 512; the base fertilizer mechanism 600 also includes a shock-absorbing rod 630, the two ends of which are respectively connected to a seeder and a second deep loosening guide ruler 610.

[0050] The circular slicing bar 511 is used to cut soil, straw and stubble to form an initial groove. The depth-limiting ring 512 is used to limit the depth of the circular slicing bar 511 in the soil to ensure stable furrowing. The two ends of the shock-absorbing rod 630 are connected to the seeder and the second deep-loosening guide rod 610 respectively, providing a backward thrust to the second deep-loosening guide rod 610 so that the second deep-loosening guide rod 610 can enter the soil stably, reduce vibration, and achieve buffering and avoidance when encountering hard objects.

[0051] Among the optional methods in this embodiment, the more preferred one is: The dovetail shovel 710 is connected to the seeder via the first elastic connecting plate 740. The first elastic connecting plate 740 can apply a reverse thrust to the dovetail shovel 710. The seeding pipe 720 and the fertilizer inlet pipe 730 are both connected to the first elastic connecting plate 740, and the seeding pipe 720 and the fertilizer inlet pipe 730 are staggered.

[0052] The first elastic connecting plate 740 is connected to the seeder and can apply a thrust opposite to the working direction to the dovetail shovel 710 to ensure that the dovetail shovel 710 continuously and stably enters the soil to widen the trench. The seeding pipe 720 and the fertilizer inlet pipe 730 are both fixedly connected to the first elastic connecting plate 740 and move synchronously with the dovetail shovel 710. The seeding pipe 720 and the fertilizer inlet pipe 730 are staggered to isolate the seeds and fertilizer in space and avoid direct contact that could burn the seedlings.

[0053] Among the optional methods in this embodiment, the more preferred one is: The soil covering mechanism 800 includes a first soil covering plate 810 and a second soil covering plate 820, which are arranged in a V-shape.

[0054] The first covering plate 810 and the second covering plate 820 are arranged in a V-shape, with the opening of the V-shape facing the direction of operation. After sowing and fertilization are completed, the V-shaped covering plate pushes the soil on both sides into the cutting groove to achieve uniform coverage of seeds and fertilizer. The V-shaped structure can avoid excessive soil coverage and ensure smooth seedling emergence.

[0055] Among the optional methods in this embodiment, the more preferred one is: The pressing mechanism 900 includes a pressing frame 910, a pressing wheel 920, and a second elastic connecting plate 930, the second elastic connecting plate 930 applying downward pressure to the pressing frame 910.

[0056] The second elastic connecting plate 930 connects the seeder frame and the press frame 910, and applies downward pressure to the press frame 910, so that the press roller 920 tightly compacts the soil after covering, allowing the seeds to fully contact the soil and improve the germination rate.

[0057] Example 3, referring to Figure 16 and Figure 17 The difference from Embodiment 2 is that the first elastic connecting plate 740 in the seed and fertilizer mechanism 700 is replaced with a parallel four-bar linkage 750, an auxiliary wheel 760 and an auxiliary spring 770, so that the seed and fertilizer mechanism 700 can adapt to local ground undulations and ensure the cutting position.

[0058] The parallel four-bar linkage assembly 750 includes a first link 751, a second link 752, a third link 753, and a fourth link 754, which are hinged end-to-end in sequence. The first link 751 is vertically positioned and connected to the seeder. A dovetail shovel 710, a seeding tube 720, and a fertilizer inlet tube 730 are mounted on the third link 753. An auxiliary wheel 760 is mounted on the third link 753 and rolls along the ground. An auxiliary spring 770 is connected at one end to the first link 751 and at the other end to the fourth link 754. When a reverse pulling force is applied to the fourth link 754, in the working state, when the local ground protrudes, the auxiliary wheel 760 rises with the ground, thereby driving the third link 753 to move vertically upward, and the dovetail shovel 710 rises with the third link 753 to prevent the dovetail shovel 710 from cutting too deep. Similarly, when the local ground sinks, the auxiliary wheel 760 descends with the ground under the action of gravity, and the dovetail shovel 710 also descends with the auxiliary wheel 760 to prevent the dovetail shovel 710 from cutting too shallow. The auxiliary wheel 760 adapts to local terrain undulations, ensuring that the working depth of the dovetail shovel 710 is within a certain distance from the ground, thus preventing fertilizer and seeds from being planted too deep or too shallow. The parallel four-bar linkage 750 ensures that the angle between the dovetail shovel 710 and the horizontal plane remains constant during operation, guaranteeing the grooving effect. The tension of the auxiliary spring 770 counteracts the grooving resistance, preventing the dovetail shovel 710 from swinging freely and affecting its grooving effect.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A layered fertilization strip no-till conservation tillage seeder, characterized in that: It includes a tillage mechanism (100), a fertilization component, a ditching mechanism (500), a soil covering mechanism (800), and a compaction mechanism (900). The ditching mechanism (500), tillage mechanism (100), fertilization component, soil covering mechanism (800) and compaction mechanism (900) are installed sequentially on the seeder along the working direction.

2. The layered fertilization strip no-till conservation tillage seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a resistance sensing mechanism (200); The fertilizer application component is a fertilizer application mechanism (300). The tillage mechanism (100) includes a first deep tillage guide (150), and the fertilization mechanism (300) includes a fertilizer box (301). The fertilizer box (301) has a first fertilizer hole (302) and a second fertilizer hole (303) sequentially opened from top to bottom. A switching plate (350) is slidably connected inside the fertilizer box (301). When the resistance sensing mechanism (200) detects an increase in the tillage resistance of the first deep tillage guide (150), the switching plate (350) moves upward, thereby closing the first fertilizer hole (302) and opening the second fertilizer hole (303). The tillage mechanism (100) also includes a first arm (110) connected to the seeder, and the first deep tillage guide (150) is connected to the first arm (110) through a four-bar linkage structure; The resistance sensing mechanism (200) includes a hydraulic rod (210), a slide (220), an electric telescopic rod (270), and a stop (280). A pawl (230) and a ratchet rack (240) are provided between the slide (220) and the first arm body (110).

3. The layered fertilization strip no-till conservation tillage seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that: The slide (220) has a piston chamber (222), and a piston rod (221) is slidably connected in the piston chamber (222). The piston chamber (222) is connected to a passive cylinder (310) through a pipe (223). The fertilizer box (301) is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft (340). The two ends of the rotating shaft (340) are respectively fixedly connected to a first gear (341) and a second gear (342). The switching plate (350) is provided with a second rack (351) that meshes with the second gear (342). The output end of the passive cylinder (310) is fixedly connected to a first rack (330) that meshes with the first gear (341). The extension and retraction of the passive cylinder (310) can drive the switching plate (350) to rise and fall.

4. The layered fertilization strip no-till conservation tillage seeder according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fertilizer application mechanism (300) also includes a feed pipe (360), which penetrates the top wall of the fertilizer box (301) and is fixedly connected to a ball (361). The ball (361) has a through hole in the middle that communicates with the feed pipe (360). A wedge (320) is fixedly connected to the first rack (330), and a steering seat (370) is slidably connected inside the fertilizer box (301). The ball (361) is rotatably connected to the steering seat (370), and the wedge (320) slides through the steering seat (370). The steering seat (370) is provided with a boss that cooperates with the wedge (320). When the passive cylinder (310) shortens, the wedge (320) moves upward, thereby driving the steering seat (370) to slide towards the first fertilizer hole (302) so as to push the through hole of the ball (361) toward the first fertilizer hole (302).

5. The layered fertilization strip no-till conservation tillage seeder according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a mud-blocking mechanism (400), which includes two baffles (410) symmetrically hinged inside the fertilizer box (301). A pull rope (420) is connected between the hinge shaft (430) of the two baffles (410) and the rotating shaft (340). When the passive cylinder (310) is shortened, the rotating shaft (340) winds up the pull rope (420) so that the two baffles (410) swing relative to each other, thereby isolating the upper and lower spaces inside the fertilizer box (301). The mud-blocking mechanism (400) further includes a side plate fixedly connected to the fertilizer box (301) on both sides of the first fertilizer hole (302) and the second fertilizer hole (303), a first swing plate (460) hinged to the upper part of the first fertilizer hole (302), and a second swing plate (470) hinged to the upper part of the second fertilizer hole (303).

6. The layered fertilization strip no-till conservation tillage seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilization component consists of a base fertilizer mechanism (600) and a seed fertilizer mechanism (700); The base fertilizer mechanism (600) includes a second deep loosening guide (610) and a base fertilizer tube (620), and the seed fertilizer mechanism (700) includes a dovetail shovel (710), a seeding tube (720) and a seed fertilizer tube (730). The second deep loosening guide (610) is used to deepen the groove opened by the trenching mechanism (500), and the dovetail shovel (710) is used to widen the groove to form a wide seedling strip.

7. The layered fertilization strip no-till conservation tillage seeder according to claim 6, characterized in that: The trenching mechanism (500) includes a trenching cutting disc (510), which includes a depth-limiting ring (512) and a circular slice (511) coaxially fixed to the end of the depth-limiting ring (512). The base fertilizer mechanism (600) also includes a shock absorber (630), the two ends of which are connected to the seeder and the second deep loosening guide (610), respectively.

8. The layered fertilization strip no-till conservation tillage seeder according to claim 7, characterized in that: The dovetail shovel (710) is connected to the seeder via a first elastic connecting plate (740). The first elastic connecting plate (740) can apply a reverse thrust to the dovetail shovel (710). The seeding tube (720) and the fertilizer inlet tube (730) are both connected to the first elastic connecting plate (740), and the seeding tube (720) and the fertilizer inlet tube (730) are staggered.

9. The layered fertilization strip no-till conservation tillage seeder according to claim 8, characterized in that: The soil covering mechanism (800) includes a first soil covering plate (810) and a second soil covering plate (820), which are arranged in a V-shape.

10. The layered fertilization strip no-till conservation tillage seeder according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pressing mechanism (900) includes a pressing frame (910), a pressing wheel (920), and a second elastic connecting plate (930), the second elastic connecting plate (930) applying downward pressure to the pressing frame (910).

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