Water-saving, steam-reducing and efficiency-increasing water and fertilizer device and system

Abstract

The application discloses a water-saving, evaporation-reducing and efficiency-improving water and fertilizer device and system, which comprises a fertilizer dissolving mechanism, a storage tank, a feeding pipe, a plurality of fertilizer applying mechanisms uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the feeding pipe and drip irrigation mechanisms correspondingly installed at the bottom of each fertilizer applying mechanism. The fertilizer dissolving mechanism is connected with the storage tank through a feeding pipe provided with a first control valve, a feeding pump of the storage tank is connected with one end of the feeding pipe, and the other end of the feeding pipe is sealed. The fertilizer applying mechanism comprises a storage cylinder and a fertilizer applying cylinder, the storage cylinder is communicated with the feeding pipe through a discharging pipe, a discharging hole at the bottom of the storage cylinder is communicated with an inlet hole on a moving plate through a connecting pipe, and the moving plate is installed on the upper portion of the fertilizer applying cylinder. The drip irrigation mechanism is designed with an insert pipe which can be inserted into soil, and water and fertilizer are directly injected into the root zone of crops. The application effectively avoids surface evaporation, has high water and fertilizer utilization rate, stable drip irrigation flow rate, can realize multi-point precise drip irrigation and recycling of water and fertilizer mixed solution, and significantly improves the water-saving, evaporation-reducing and efficiency-improving effect of agricultural production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fertilization equipment technology, and more specifically, to a water-saving, evaporation-reducing, and efficiency-enhancing water and fertilizer device and system. Background Technology

[0002] Agriculture is the largest water user in my country, with irrigation accounting for over 60% of the country's total water consumption. However, traditional methods of flood irrigation and surface application of fertilizers lead to severe water waste, low fertilizer utilization rates during the season, and significant nutrient loss through water runoff, resulting in serious agricultural non-point source pollution and eutrophication of water bodies. To improve water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, integrated water and fertilizer management technology has been widely adopted. This technology uses a pipeline system to mix irrigation water and fertilizer and simultaneously deliver them to the crop planting area, combining irrigation and fertilization.

[0003] However, most existing fertigation systems use surface drip irrigation or shallow seepage irrigation, leaving the fertigation solution exposed on the surface at the end of the delivery process. In arid and semi-arid regions, surface evaporation losses can account for a significant proportion of the total irrigation water, resulting in a substantial reduction in the amount of water and fertilizer actually penetrating into the crop root zone, thus limiting the water-saving effect. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a water-saving, evaporation-reducing, and efficiency-enhancing water and fertilizer device and system.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention discloses a water-saving, evaporation-reducing, and efficiency-enhancing fertigation device, comprising a fertilizer dissolving mechanism, a storage tank, a feeding pipe, a fertilization mechanism, and a drip irrigation mechanism. Several fertilization mechanisms are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the feeding pipe. A feeding pipe connects the fertilizer dissolving mechanism and the storage tank, and a first control valve is installed on the feeding pipe. The storage tank includes a feeding pump, the outlet of which is connected to one end of the feeding pipe, and the other end of the feeding pipe is sealed. The fertilization mechanism includes a storage cylinder and a fertilization cylinder. A movable plate is installed on the upper part of the fertilization cylinder, and a discharge hole is opened at the bottom of the storage cylinder. An inlet hole communicating with the fertilization cylinder is opened on the movable plate, and a connecting pipe connects the inlet hole and the discharge hole. The feeding pipe includes a discharge pipe communicating with the storage cylinder, and a drip irrigation mechanism is installed at the bottom of the fertilization cylinder.

[0007] Preferably, the drip irrigation mechanism includes a guide sleeve and an insertion tube slidably disposed within the guide sleeve, with the outer wall of the insertion tube fitting against the inner wall of the guide sleeve; the bottom of the fertilizer cylinder has a connected small-diameter hole and a large-diameter hole, with the large-diameter hole located below the small-diameter hole, and the upper end of the guide sleeve inserted into the large-diameter hole, the upper end of the guide sleeve abutting against the stepped surface formed between the small-diameter hole and the large-diameter hole; a connecting rod is connected to the upper end of the insertion tube, and a sealing block is connected to the upper end of the connecting rod, the diameter of the sealing block being larger than the diameter of the small-diameter hole, and the diameter of the connecting rod being smaller than the diameter of the sealing block. The connecting rod has an inlet on its outer periphery; the insertion tube has a delivery tube inside, which is arranged along the axial direction of the insertion tube. The insertion tube has a drip irrigation port on its outer periphery. The upper end of the delivery tube is connected to the inlet, and the inner end of the drip irrigation port is connected to the delivery tube. The drip irrigation mechanism also includes a second linear actuator, which is installed at the bottom of the fertilizer cylinder. The second linear actuator is connected to a drive rod. The outer wall of the guide sleeve has a waist-shaped hole, which is arranged along the axial direction of the guide sleeve. The end of the drive rod passes through the waist-shaped hole and connects to the outer wall of the insertion tube.

[0008] Preferably, an insertion head is connected to the bottom of the insertion tube. The insertion head is frustoconical, and the diameter of the lower end of the insertion head is smaller than the diameter of the upper end of the insertion head.

[0009] Preferably, a sealing ring is provided at the stepped surface formed between the small-diameter hole and the large-diameter hole.

[0010] Preferably, the fertilization mechanism also includes a cable chain, with the connecting pipe installed inside the cable chain.

[0011] Preferably, the lower part of the fertilization mechanism is provided with a transverse movement mechanism, which can drive the fertilization cylinder to move laterally.

[0012] The transverse movement mechanism includes two parallel support rails arranged along the axial direction of the feeding pipe. A rack is installed on one support rail along its length, and a guide rail is installed on the other support rail along its length. The transverse movement mechanism also includes a drive motor and a support base. Both the drive motor and the support base are fixedly mounted on the moving plate. The drive motor is connected to a drive gear, which meshes with the rack. A guide wheel is mounted on the support base via a rotating shaft, and the guide wheel cooperates with the guide rail.

[0013] Preferably, a limit rod is installed on one of the support rails, the limit rod is set parallel to the support rail, a limit block is fixedly installed on the moving plate, the limit rod passes through the limit block, and the limit block and the limit rod slide together.

[0014] Preferably, the device also includes an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the effective volume of the storage cylinder. The adjustment mechanism includes a mounting frame on which a linear driver is mounted. The output end of the linear driver is connected to a lifting plate, which is located inside the storage cylinder. The outer wall of the lifting plate is fitted with the inner wall of the storage cylinder to form a seal, and an overflow hole is provided on the lifting plate.

[0015] Preferably, the system also includes an overflow mechanism, which comprises an overflow cylinder corresponding to the fertilization mechanism. An overflow pipe is connected to the upper end of the overflow cylinder, and a second control valve is installed on the overflow pipe. A telescopic pipe is connected to the other end of the overflow pipe, and the other end of the telescopic pipe is connected to an overflow hole. The overflow mechanism also includes an overflow tank and a return pipe. The return pipe is connected to the lower end of each overflow cylinder, and the overflow tank is connected to the return pipe. A return pump is installed on the upper part of the overflow tank, and the outlet of the return pump is connected to a return pipe, which is connected to a storage tank. Two first liquid level sensors are installed on the side of the storage tank, and a second liquid level sensor is installed on the top of the overflow tank. A sealing ring is installed on the outer wall of the lifting plate to enhance the sealing effect between it and the storage tank. The fertilizer dissolving mechanism includes a fertilizer tank and a stirring mechanism. A water inlet and a feed inlet are provided on the top of the fertilizer tank, and the stirring mechanism is installed on the fertilizer tank.

[0016] A water-saving, evaporation-reducing, and efficiency-enhancing water and fertilizer system includes the aforementioned water-saving, evaporation-reducing, and efficiency-enhancing water and fertilizer device, and also includes a control unit. The control unit is electrically connected to a feed pump, a return pump, a linear driver 1, a linear driver 2, a first liquid level sensor, and a second liquid level sensor, and is used to control water and fertilizer supply, drip irrigation position adjustment, and liquid fertilizer recovery based on liquid level signals and crop growth stages.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: by using a drip irrigation mechanism that can be inserted into the soil, water and fertilizer are directly injected into the soil in the root zone of the crop, completely avoiding surface evaporation and minimizing evaporation loss. Compared with traditional surface drip irrigation, it significantly reduces surface evaporation loss.

[0018] Water and fertilizer are delivered simultaneously to the root zone, reducing nutrient loss, effectively improving water and fertilizer utilization, and effectively reducing agricultural non-point source pollution.

[0019] Water and fertilizer flow slowly through radial drip irrigation inlets at a low and uniform rate, avoiding soil compaction caused by soil particle erosion and reorganization, which is beneficial for crop root absorption. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a water-saving, evaporation-reducing, and efficiency-enhancing water-fertilizer device in this embodiment;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fertilization mechanism and the adjustment mechanism in this embodiment;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a top view of the fertilization mechanism in this embodiment;

[0023] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Enlarged diagram of point A in the middle.

[0024] Attached reference numerals: 1. Fertilizer dissolving mechanism; 11. Fertilizer tank; 12. Stirring mechanism; 13. Water inlet; 14. Feeding port; 2. Storage tank; 21. Feeding pipe; 22. First control valve; 23. First liquid level sensor; 24. Feeding pump; 3. Feeding pipe; 31. Discharge pipe; 4. Support frame; 5. Fertilizer application mechanism; 51. Storage cylinder; 52. Discharge hole; 53. Moving plate; 54. Fertilizer application cylinder; 541. Small diameter hole; 542. Large diameter hole; 543. Sealing ring; 55. Feeding hole; 56. Connecting pipe; 57. Cable chain; 6. Overflow mechanism; 61. Overflow cylinder; 62. Overflow box; 63. Return pipe; 64. Overflow pipe; 65. Second control valve; 66. 67. Return pump; 68. Return pipe; 69. Second liquid level sensor; 70. Telescopic pipe; 71. Adjustment mechanism; 72. Mounting bracket; 73. Linear actuator one; 74. Lifting plate; 85. Overflow hole; 86. Lateral movement mechanism; 87. Support rail; 88. Rack; 89. Drive motor; 80. Drive gear; 81. Support base; 81. Guide wheel; 82. Guide rail; 83. Limiting rod; 84. Limiting block; 95. Drip irrigation mechanism; 96. Guide sleeve; 97. Insertion pipe; 98. Connecting rod; 99. Sealing block; 90. Feed inlet; 91. Delivery pipe; 92. Drip irrigation port; 93. Insertion head; 94. Linear actuator two; 95. Drive rod; 96. Waist-shaped hole. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] like Figures 1-4 As shown, a water-saving, evaporation-reducing, and efficiency-enhancing fertigation device includes a fertilizer dissolving mechanism 1, a storage tank 2, a feeding pipe 3, a fertilization mechanism 5, and a drip irrigation mechanism 9. Several fertilization mechanisms 5 are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the feeding pipe 3, and their number and spacing can be adjusted according to the planting density in the field. A feeding pipe 21 connects the fertilizer dissolving mechanism 1 and the storage tank 2. A first control valve 22 is installed on the feeding pipe 21 to control the supply of fertilizer from the fertilizer dissolving mechanism 1 to the storage tank 2.

[0027] The fertilizer dissolving mechanism 1 includes a fertilizer tank 11 and a stirring mechanism 12. The fertilizer tank 11 is equipped with a water inlet 13 and a feed inlet 14 on its top. The stirring mechanism 12 is installed on the fertilizer tank 11. In use, irrigation water is added through the water inlet 13, and solid fertilizer or concentrated liquid fertilizer is added through the feed inlet 14. The stirring mechanism 12 is then activated to accelerate the dissolution of the fertilizer and prepare a uniform water-fertilizer mixture.

[0028] Storage tank 2 is a sealed container used to store the prepared water-fertilizer mixture. Two first liquid level sensors 23 are installed on the side of storage tank 2, respectively positioned at the upper and lower limits. When the liquid level is below the lower limit, the first control valve 22 automatically opens, replenishing the water-fertilizer mixture from the fertilizer dissolving mechanism 1 into storage tank 2; when the liquid level reaches the upper limit, the first control valve 22 automatically closes. The first liquid level sensors 23, located at a certain distance from the top of storage tank 2, allow sufficient remaining space within storage tank 2 for the overflow tank 62 to return the water-fertilizer mixture to storage tank 2.

[0029] A feed pump 24 is installed at the bottom of the storage tank 2. The outlet of the feed pump 24 is connected to one end of the feed pipe 3, and the other end of the feed pipe 3 is sealed with a sealing plug to provide power for the transport of the water-fertilizer mixture. The device also includes a support frame 4, and the feed pipe 3 is installed inside the support frame 4.

[0030] The feeding pipe 3 is a horizontally arranged main conveying pipe made of corrosion-resistant PE material. Several discharge pipes 31 extend from the side wall of the feeding pipe 3. Each discharge pipe 31 is connected to the side wall of the storage cylinder 51 of a fertilizer application mechanism 5, conveying the water-fertilizer mixture to each storage cylinder 51.

[0031] The fertilization mechanism 5 includes a storage cylinder 51 and a fertilization cylinder 54. The storage cylinder 51 has a discharge hole 52 at the center of its bottom. A movable plate 53 is fixedly installed on the upper part of the fertilization cylinder 54. The movable plate 53 has a feed hole 55 that communicates with the inside of the fertilization cylinder 54. A flexible connecting pipe 56 connects the discharge hole 52 and the feed hole 55.

[0032] To achieve multi-point drip irrigation, a transverse movement mechanism 8 is provided at the lower part of the fertilizer application mechanism 5. The transverse movement mechanism 8 includes two parallel support rails 81, which extend axially along the feed pipe 3 and are fixedly installed above the ground by a support frame 4. A rack 82 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of one support rail 81, and a guide rail 87 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the other support rail 81. A drive motor 83 and a support base 85 are fixedly installed on the lower surface of the moving plate 53. The output shaft of the drive motor 83 extends downward and is fixedly connected to a drive gear 84, which meshes with the rack 82. A guide wheel 86 is rotatably installed on the lower part of the support base 85 via a rotating shaft, and the guide wheel 86 rolls with the guide rail 87.

[0033] A limit rod 88 is fixedly installed on the side of the support rail 81 equipped with a rack 82, and the limit rod 88 is arranged parallel to the support rail 81. A limit block 89 is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the moving plate 53, and the limit rod 88 slides through the guide hole of the limit block 89 to limit the movement trajectory of the moving plate 53 and prevent deviation. When it is necessary to adjust the drip irrigation position, the drive motor 83 is started, and the moving plate 53 and the fertilizer cylinder 54 and drip irrigation mechanism 9 installed on it are driven by the meshing transmission between the drive gear 84 and the rack 82 to move laterally along the support rail 81. After reaching the designated position, it stops, and fixed-point drip irrigation can be performed.

[0034] The fertilization mechanism 5 also includes a cable chain 57, with a connecting pipe 56 passing through the inside of the cable chain 57. When the moving plate 53 moves laterally, the cable chain 57 can protect the connecting pipe 56 from being pulled and damaged.

[0035] The fertilizer tank 54 has a drip irrigation mechanism 9 installed at its bottom. The drip irrigation mechanism 9 includes a guide sleeve 91 and an insertion tube 92 slidably disposed within the guide sleeve 91. The outer wall of the insertion tube 92 is tightly fitted with the inner wall of the guide sleeve 91 to form a sliding seal. The bottom of the fertilizer tank 54 has a small-diameter hole 541 and a large-diameter hole 542 that are coaxially connected. The large-diameter hole 542 is located below the small-diameter hole 541, and an annular stepped surface is formed between the two. A sealing ring 543 is embedded in the stepped surface. The upper end of the guide sleeve 91 is inserted into the large-diameter hole 542 for fixation, forming an effective sealing connection. The upper end face of the guide sleeve 91 abuts against the stepped surface to achieve axial positioning.

[0036] A connecting rod 93 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the insertion tube 92, and a sealing block 94 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the connecting rod 93. The diameter of the sealing block 94 is larger than the diameter of the small-diameter hole 541, and the diameter of the connecting rod 93 is smaller than the diameter of the sealing block 94. An annular feed inlet 95 is provided on the outer periphery of the connecting rod 93. An axial conveying pipe 96 is provided inside the insertion tube 92, and the upper end of the conveying pipe 96 is connected to the annular feed inlet 95. Multiple radial drip irrigation ports 97 are evenly provided on the lower outer periphery of the insertion tube 92, and the inner end of each drip irrigation port 97 is connected to the conveying pipe 96. A frustum-shaped insertion head 98 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the insertion tube 92, and the diameter of the lower end is smaller than the diameter of the upper end to facilitate smooth insertion into the soil.

[0037] The drip irrigation mechanism 9 also includes a linear actuator 99, which is vertically mounted on the bottom side wall of the fertilizer cylinder 54, and a drive rod 910 is fixedly connected to the end of its piston rod. The guide sleeve 91 has an axially extending oblong hole 911 on its side wall, and the end of the drive rod 910 passes through the oblong hole 911 and is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the insertion tube 92.

[0038] Under normal conditions, the piston rod of the linear actuator 2 99 is in a retracted state, and the sealing block 94 presses against the sealing ring 543 on the stepped surface to form a seal, preventing the water-fertilizer mixture in the fertilizer tank 54 from flowing out through the small-diameter hole 541. When drip irrigation is required, the linear actuator 2 99 drives the piston rod to extend, which in turn drives the insertion tube 92 to descend via the drive rod 910, allowing the insertion head 98 and the lower part of the insertion tube 92 to be inserted into the soil. At the same time, the sealing block 94 moves down, exposing the small-diameter hole 541, and the water-fertilizer mixture in the fertilizer tank 54 flows into the guide sleeve 91 through the small-diameter hole 541 and the large-diameter hole 542 in sequence. Because the outer wall of the insertion tube 92 is tightly fitted to the inner wall of the guide sleeve 91, the water-fertilizer mixture cannot flow out through the gap between them. It can only enter the axial delivery tube 96 through the annular inlet 95 on the connecting rod 93, and finally slowly flow out from multiple radial drip irrigation ports 97, directly injecting into the soil in the crop root zone. Drip irrigation at a depth of 10-30cm can prevent surface evaporation, and the low and uniform flow rate of drip irrigation will not wash away surrounding soil particles and cause compaction.

[0039] To precisely control the volume of the water-fertilizer mixture in the storage tank 51, this device is also equipped with an adjustment mechanism 7 for adjusting the capacity of the storage tank 51. The adjustment mechanism 7 includes a mounting bracket 71 fixedly installed on the top of the storage tank 51. A linear actuator 72 is vertically mounted on the mounting bracket 71. The piston rod of the linear actuator 72 extends downward and is fixedly connected to a lifting plate 73. The lifting plate 73 is located inside the storage tank 51, and its outer wall is tightly fitted with the inner wall of the storage tank 51 to form a sliding seal. At least one sealing ring is embedded in the outer wall of the lifting plate 73 to enhance the sealing effect. An overflow hole 74 is provided in the center of the lifting plate 73. The linear actuator 72 and the linear actuator 99 can be pneumatic cylinders, hydraulic cylinders, or electric cylinders.

[0040] The effective liquid storage volume in the storage cylinder 51 can be adjusted by driving the lifting plate 73 up and down through the linear actuator 72. When the amount of water-fertilizer mixture in the storage cylinder 51 exceeds the height of the lifting plate 73, the excess water-fertilizer mixture will flow out through the overflow hole 74. In order to recover the overflow water-fertilizer mixture, this device is also equipped with an overflow mechanism 6.

[0041] The overflow mechanism 6 includes overflow cylinders 61 corresponding to each fertilizer applicator 5. An overflow pipe 64 is connected to the upper end of each overflow cylinder 61, and a second control valve 65 is installed on the overflow pipe 64. A telescopic pipe 69 is connected to the other end of the overflow pipe 64, and the other end of the telescopic pipe 69 is connected to the overflow hole 74 on the lifting plate 73. The telescopic pipe 69 extends and retracts with the lifting plate 73, preventing damage from pipe deformation and maintaining an effective connection. The lower end of each overflow cylinder 61 is connected to a return pipe 63, and the outlet of the return pipe 63 is connected to the upper part of the overflow tank 62. The overflow tank 62 is used to collect the recovered water-fertilizer mixture, and a second liquid level sensor 68 is installed on its top. A return pump 66 is installed on the upper part of the overflow tank 62, and a return pipe 67 is connected to the outlet of the return pump 66. The other end of the return pipe 67 is connected to the upper part of the storage tank 2.

[0042] The second control valve 65 is normally closed. When the linear actuator 72 drives the lifting plate 73 to adjust the height, and excess water-fertilizer mixture in the storage cylinder 51 needs to overflow, the second control valve 65 opens, and the water-fertilizer mixture flows into the overflow cylinder 61 through the overflow hole 74. When the liquid level in the overflow tank 62 reaches the upper limit set by the second liquid level sensor 68, the second liquid level sensor 68 sends a signal to start the return pump 66 to pump the recovered water-fertilizer mixture back to the storage tank 2.

[0043] When the water-fertilizer mixture overflows from the storage tank 51, it flows sequentially through the overflow hole 74, the telescopic pipe 69, and the overflow pipe 64 into the overflow tank 61, and then collects in the overflow box 62 via the return pipe 63. When the liquid level in the overflow box 62 reaches the set value, the return pump 66 is activated to transport the recovered water-fertilizer mixture back to the storage tank 2 for recycling through the return pipe 67, thus avoiding waste of the water-fertilizer mixture.

[0044] A water-saving, evaporation-reducing, and efficiency-enhancing water and fertilizer system includes the aforementioned water-saving, evaporation-reducing, and efficiency-enhancing water and fertilizer device and a control unit. The control unit is electrically connected to a feed pump 24, a return pump 66, a linear actuator 72, a linear actuator 99, a first liquid level sensor 23, and a second liquid level sensor 68, and is used to control water and fertilizer supply, drip irrigation position adjustment, and liquid fertilizer recovery based on liquid level signals and crop growth stages.

[0045] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of the present invention's concept are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principles of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-saving, evaporation-reducing, and efficiency-enhancing water and fertilizer device, characterized in that, The system includes a fertilizer dissolving mechanism (1), a storage tank (2), a feeding pipe (3), a fertilizer application mechanism (5), and a drip irrigation mechanism (9). Several of the fertilizer application mechanisms (5) are distributed along the axial direction of the feeding pipe (3). A feeding pipe (21) connects the fertilizer dissolving mechanism (1) and the storage tank (2). The storage tank (2) includes a feeding pump (24), the outlet of which is connected to one end of the feeding pipe (3), and the other end of the feeding pipe (3) is sealed. The fertilizer application mechanism (5) includes a storage cylinder (51) and a drip irrigation mechanism (9). The fertilizer tank (54) has a movable plate (53) installed on its upper part. The storage tank (51) has a discharge hole (52) at its bottom. The movable plate (53) has a feed hole (55) that communicates with the fertilizer tank (54). A connecting pipe (56) connects the feed hole (55) and the discharge hole (52). The feeding pipe (3) includes a discharge pipe (31) that communicates with the storage tank (51). The fertilizer tank (54) has a drip irrigation mechanism (9) installed at its bottom.

2. The water-saving, evaporation-reducing, and efficiency-enhancing water and fertilizer device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drip irrigation mechanism (9) includes a guide sleeve (91) and an insertion tube (92) slidably disposed within the guide sleeve (91). The outer wall of the insertion tube (92) is in contact with the inner wall of the guide sleeve (91). The fertilizer cylinder (54) has a small diameter hole (541) and a large diameter hole (542) connected at its bottom. The large diameter hole (542) is located below the small diameter hole (541). The upper end of the guide sleeve (91) is inserted into the large diameter hole (542). The upper end of the guide sleeve (91) abuts against the stepped surface formed between the small diameter hole (541) and the large diameter hole (542). The upper end of the insertion tube (92) is connected to a connecting rod (93), and the upper end of the connecting rod (93) is connected to a sealing block (94). The diameter of the sealing block (94) is larger than the diameter of the small diameter hole (541), and the diameter of the connecting rod (93) is smaller than the diameter of the sealing block (94). The outer periphery of the connecting rod (93) is provided with a feed inlet (95). The insertion tube (92) is provided with a delivery tube (96), the delivery tube (96) is arranged along the axial direction of the insertion tube (92), the insertion tube (92) is provided with a drip inlet (97) on the outer periphery, the upper end of the delivery tube (96) is connected to the feed inlet (95), and the inner end of the drip inlet (97) is connected to the delivery tube (96); The drip irrigation mechanism (9) also includes a second linear actuator (99), which is installed at the bottom of the fertilizer cylinder (54). The second linear actuator (99) is connected to a drive rod (910). The outer wall of the guide sleeve (91) is provided with a waist-shaped hole (911), which is arranged along the axial direction of the guide sleeve (91). The end of the drive rod (910) passes through the waist-shaped hole (911) and is connected to the outer wall of the insertion tube (92).

3. The water-saving, evaporation-reducing, and efficiency-enhancing water and fertilizer device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bottom of the insertion tube (92) is connected to an insertion head (98), which is frustum-shaped. The diameter of the lower end of the insertion head (98) is smaller than the diameter of the upper end of the insertion head (98).

4. The water-saving, evaporation-reducing, and efficiency-enhancing water and fertilizer device according to claim 2, characterized in that, A sealing ring (543) is provided at the stepped surface formed between the small diameter hole (541) and the large diameter hole (542).

5. The water-saving, evaporation-reducing, and efficiency-enhancing water and fertilizer device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fertilization mechanism (5) also includes a cable chain (57), and the connecting pipe (56) is installed inside the cable chain (57).

6. The water-saving, evaporation-reducing, and efficiency-enhancing water and fertilizer device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fertilizer applicator (5) is provided with a transverse mechanism (8) at its lower part. The transverse mechanism (8) can drive the fertilizer cylinder (54) to move laterally. The transverse mechanism (8) includes two parallel support rails (81). The support rails (81) are arranged along the axial direction of the feeding pipe (3). A rack (82) is installed on one support rail (81) along its length direction, and a guide rail (87) is installed on the other support rail (81) along its length direction. The transverse mechanism (8) also includes a drive motor (83) and a support base (85). The drive motor (83) and the support base (85) are both fixedly installed on the moving plate (53). The drive motor (83) drives a drive gear (84) connected to it. The drive gear (84) meshes with the rack (82). A guide wheel (86) is installed on the support base (85) through a rotating shaft. The guide wheel (86) cooperates with the guide rail (87).

7. The water-saving, evaporation-reducing, and efficiency-enhancing water and fertilizer device according to claim 6, characterized in that, A limiting rod (88) is installed on one of the support rails (81), the limiting rod (88) is arranged parallel to the support rail (81), a limiting block (89) is fixedly installed on the moving plate (53), the limiting rod (88) passes through the limiting block (89), and the limiting block (89) and the limiting rod (88) are slidably engaged.

8. The water-saving, evaporation-reducing, and efficiency-enhancing water and fertilizer device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an adjustment mechanism (7); the adjustment mechanism (7) includes a mounting frame (71), on which a linear driver (72) is mounted, the output end of the linear driver (72) is connected to a lifting plate (73), the lifting plate (73) is disposed in the storage cylinder (51), the outer wall of the lifting plate (73) is fitted with the inner wall of the storage cylinder (51) to form a seal, and an overflow hole (74) is provided on the lifting plate (73).

9. The water-saving, evaporation-reducing, and efficiency-enhancing water and fertilizer device according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes an overflow mechanism (6), which includes an overflow cylinder (61) and is set to correspond to the fertilizer application mechanism (5). The upper end of the overflow cylinder (61) is connected to an overflow pipe (64), and a second control valve (65) is set on the overflow pipe (64). The other end of the overflow pipe (64) is connected to a telescopic pipe (69), and the other end of the telescopic pipe (69) is connected to an overflow hole (74). The overflow mechanism (6) also includes an overflow box (62) and a return pipe (63). The return pipe (63) is connected to the lower end of each overflow cylinder (61). The overflow box (62) is connected to the return pipe (63). A return pump (66) is provided on the upper part of the overflow box (62). The outlet of the return pump (66) is connected to a return pipe (67). The return pipe (67) is connected to the storage tank (2).

10. A water-saving, evaporation-reducing, and efficiency-enhancing water and fertilizer system, characterized in that, The water-saving, evaporation-reducing, and efficiency-enhancing water and fertilizer device according to any one of claims 1-9 further includes a control unit, which is electrically connected to a feed pump (24), a return pump (66), a linear actuator (72), a linear actuator (99), a first liquid level sensor (23), and a second liquid level sensor (68).

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