Breeding method of new soybean strain with high yield and high protein

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of soybean breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method of a high-yield and high-protein soybean new strain. The present application selects a soybean male parent and a soybean female parent with excellent traits, respectively plants the soybean male parent and the soybean female parent, then artificially pollinates and hybridizes the soybean female parent and the soybean male parent to obtain hybrid F1 generation, then backcrosses the hybrid F1 generation with the soybean male parent to obtain backcross F1 generation, then self-crosses the backcross F1 generation to obtain self-cross F1 generation, then backcrosses the self-cross F1 generation with the hybrid F1 generation to obtain backcross F2 generation, then self-crosses the backcross F2 generation for three generations to obtain self-cross F2 generation, then backcrosses the self-cross F2 generation with the backcross F1 generation to obtain backcross F3 generation, and finally self-crosses the backcross F3 generation for multiple generations to obtain the high-yield and high-protein soybean new strain. The breeding method of the high-yield and high-protein soybean new strain provided by the present application can obtain the high-yield and high-protein soybean new strain with stable traits, and has a wide application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soybean breeding technology, and in particular to a breeding method for a new high-yield, high-protein soybean line. Background Technology

[0002] Soybeans, as an important agricultural resource, have a wide range of uses, providing abundant oils and high-quality protein. Due to consistently high market demand for soybeans, high yield has always been a key focus in soybean breeding. With increasing health awareness, people are paying more attention to consuming high-quality protein in their daily diets, replacing some carbohydrates. Therefore, increasing the protein content of soybeans has become an important direction in soybean breeding.

[0003] Currently, the most common breeding method for soybeans is hybridization breeding. First, the female parent is emasculated (to prevent self-pollination), and then the pollen of the male parent is applied to the flowers of the female parent to allow the male and female parents to crossbreed. The pollen is collected manually and stored in pollen bags, and then the pollen is applied to the pistil for pollination.

[0004] In conclusion, developing a breeding method for a new high-yield, high-protein soybean variety is of great significance to the further development of the soybean industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a breeding method for a new high-yield, high-protein soybean line. The new soybean line obtained by the breeding method provided by the present invention has the advantages of high yield and high protein.

[0006] This invention provides a breeding method for a new high-yield, high-protein soybean line, comprising the following steps: (1) Select soybean male and female parents with superior traits, plant them separately, and manage them in the field; (2) Remove the emasculation from the female soybean flower, collect the pollen from the male soybean flower, perform artificial pollination and hybridization, and harvest the hybrid F1 generation; (3) Using the F1 generation of the hybrid as the recipient, backcross with the male parent of soybean, and harvest the backcross F1 generation; (4) Self-cross the backcross F1 generation and harvest the self-crossed F1 generation; (5) Using the self-crossed F1 generation as the recipient, backcross with the hybrid F1 generation to harvest the backcrossed F2 generation; (6) Self-cross the backcross F2 generation for 3 generations and harvest the self-crossed F2 generation; (7) Using the self-crossed F2 generation as the recipient, backcross with the backcrossed F1 generation to harvest the backcrossed F3 generation; (8) The backcross F3 generation was self-crossed for multiple generations to harvest a new high-yield, high-protein soybean line with stable traits.

[0007] Preferably, the soybean parent is the soybean variety Zhongdou 62.

[0008] Preferably, the soybean parent is the soybean variety Zhongdou 57.

[0009] Preferably, the seeds of the soybean male parent and soybean female parent are pretreated before planting, and the pretreatment includes screening and soaking in sequence.

[0010] Preferably, the screening includes the following steps: sieving the seeds of the male and female soybean parents separately to remove impurities and empty seeds, and selecting plump seeds.

[0011] Preferably, the soaking includes the following steps: soaking the selected seeds in a 1% hydrogen peroxide solution, a 1% ethyl methanesulfonate solution, a 2% sodium thiosulfate solution, and water for 2 hours each.

[0012] Preferably, in step (3), the backcrossing includes the following steps: using the F1 generation of hybrids as recipients and the male parent of soybeans as donors, planting them separately, removing the male flowers of the F1 generation of hybrids before the flowering period, collecting the pollen of the male parent of soybeans, and performing artificial pollination backcrossing.

[0013] Preferably, in step (5), the backcrossing includes the following steps: using the self-pollinated F1 generation as the recipient and the hybrid F1 generation as the donor, planting them separately, removing the emasculation from the flowers of the self-pollinated F1 generation before the flowering period, collecting the pollen from the hybrid F1 generation, and performing artificial pollination backcrossing.

[0014] Preferably, in step (7), the backcrossing includes the following steps: using the self-crossed F2 generation as the recipient and the backcrossed F1 generation as the donor, planting them separately, removing the emasculation from the flowers of the self-crossed F2 generation before the flowering period, collecting the pollen from the backcrossed F1 generation, and performing artificial pollination and backcrossing.

[0015] Preferably, the number of generations of self-crossing is 6 or more.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following beneficial effects: This invention achieves the breeding of new high-yielding, high-protein soybean lines by using superior soybean female and male parents and through specific hybridization, self-pollination, and backcrossing. The breeding method for new high-yielding, high-protein soybean lines provided by this invention can yield new high-yielding, high-protein soybean lines, offering a new breeding approach for high-yielding, high-protein soybeans. It is of great significance to the development of high-yielding, high-protein soybeans and has broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of this invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this invention or in the prior art are briefly described below. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from the following drawings without creative effort, and all such drawings are within the protection scope of this invention.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the breeding method for a new high-yield, high-protein soybean variety provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] This invention provides a breeding method for a new high-yield, high-protein soybean line, comprising the following steps: (1) Select soybean male and female parents with superior traits, plant them separately, and manage them in the field; (2) Remove the emasculation from the female soybean flower, collect the pollen from the male soybean flower, perform artificial pollination and hybridization, and harvest the hybrid F1 generation; (3) Using the F1 generation of the hybrid as the recipient, backcross with the male parent of soybean, and harvest the backcross F1 generation; (4) Self-cross the backcross F1 generation and harvest the self-crossed F1 generation; (5) Using the self-crossed F1 generation as the recipient, backcross with the hybrid F1 generation to harvest the backcrossed F2 generation; (6) Self-cross the backcross F2 generation for 3 generations and harvest the self-crossed F2 generation; (7) Using the self-crossed F2 generation as the recipient, backcross with the backcrossed F1 generation to harvest the backcrossed F3 generation; (8) The backcross F3 generation was self-crossed for multiple generations to harvest a new high-yield, high-protein soybean line with stable traits.

[0020] This invention selects soybean male and female parents with superior traits, and plants and manages them separately in the field. In this invention, the soybean male parent can be the soybean variety Zhongdou 62.

[0021] In this invention, the soybean parent can be the soybean variety Zhongdou 57.

[0022] In this invention, the seeds of the soybean male parent and soybean female parent can be pretreated separately before planting; the pretreatment may include screening and soaking in sequence; the screening may include the following steps: sieving the seeds of the soybean male parent and soybean female parent separately to remove impurities and empty seeds, and selecting plump seeds; the soaking may include the following steps: soaking the selected seeds in 1% hydrogen peroxide solution, 1% ethyl methanesulfonate solution, 2% sodium thiosulfate solution and water in sequence for 2 hours.

[0023] In this invention, the soaking process may further include drying the resulting seeds.

[0024] The present invention does not have any special requirements for the field management method; conventional soybean field management methods in the field can be used.

[0025] This invention involves emasculating the flowers of the female soybean parent, collecting pollen from the male soybean parent, and performing artificial pollination and hybridization to harvest the F1 generation. In this invention, the hybridization process may further include the following steps: harvesting seeds at maturity to collect high-yield, high-protein soybean seeds.

[0026] In this invention, after collecting the seeds of high-yield, high-protein soybeans, the process may also include screening the obtained seeds to remove impurities.

[0027] This invention uses the F1 generation of the hybrid as the recipient and backcrosses it with the soybean male parent to harvest the backcross F1 generation. In this invention, the backcrossing may include the following steps: using the F1 generation of the hybrid as the recipient and the soybean male parent as the donor, planting them separately; removing the emasculation from the flowers of the F1 generation before flowering; collecting pollen from the soybean male parent; and performing artificial pollination for backcrossing.

[0028] In this invention, the backcrossing process may further include the following steps: harvesting seeds at maturity, collecting seeds of high-yield, high-protein soybeans.

[0029] In this invention, after collecting the seeds of high-yield, high-protein soybeans, the process may also include screening the obtained seeds to remove impurities.

[0030] This invention involves self-pollinating the backcrossed F1 generation and harvesting the self-pollinated F1 generation. In this invention, the self-pollination method can be bagging self-pollination.

[0031] In this invention, the self-pollination process may further include the following steps: harvesting seeds at maturity, collecting seeds of high-yield, high-protein soybeans.

[0032] In this invention, after collecting the seeds of high-yield, high-protein soybeans, the process may also include screening the obtained seeds to remove impurities.

[0033] This invention uses the self-pollinated F1 generation as the recipient and backcrosses it with the hybrid F1 generation to harvest the backcrossed F2 generation. In this invention, the backcrossing may include the following steps: using the self-pollinated F1 generation as the recipient and the hybrid F1 generation as the donor, planting them separately; removing the emasculation from the flowers of the self-pollinated F1 generation before the flowering period; collecting the pollen from the hybrid F1 generation; and performing artificial pollination for backcrossing.

[0034] In this invention, the backcrossing may further include the following steps: harvesting seeds at maturity, collecting seeds of high-yield, high-protein soybeans.

[0035] In this invention, after collecting the seeds of high-yield, high-protein soybeans, the process may also include screening the obtained seeds to remove impurities.

[0036] In this invention, the backcross F2 generation is self-crossed for 3 generations, and the self-crossed F2 generation is harvested. In this invention, the self-crossing method can be bagged self-crossing.

[0037] In this invention, the self-pollination process may further include the following steps: harvesting seeds at maturity, collecting seeds of high-yield, high-protein soybeans.

[0038] In this invention, after collecting the seeds of high-yield, high-protein soybeans, the process may also include screening the obtained seeds to remove impurities.

[0039] This invention uses the self-pollinated F2 generation as the recipient and backcrosses it with the backcrossed F1 generation to harvest the backcrossed F3 generation. In this invention, the backcrossing may include the following steps: using the self-pollinated F2 generation as the recipient and the backcrossed F1 generation as the donor, planting them separately; before the flowering period, emasculating the flowers of the self-pollinated F2 generation, collecting pollen from the backcrossed F1 generation, and performing artificial pollination and backcrossing.

[0040] In this invention, the backcrossing process may further include the following steps: harvesting seeds at maturity, collecting seeds of high-yield, high-protein soybeans.

[0041] In this invention, after collecting the seeds of high-yield, high-protein soybeans, the process may also include screening the obtained seeds to remove impurities.

[0042] This invention relates to a new high-yielding, high-protein soybean line with stable harvest traits through multiple generations of self-pollination of the backcross F3 generation. In this invention, the number of generations of self-pollination can be 6 or more, specifically 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 generations.

[0043] To further illustrate the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0044] Example 1: The breeding method for high-yield, high-protein soybean new lines in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps are as follows: (1) Select soybean male parent (Zhongdou 62) and soybean female parent (Zhongdou 57) with excellent traits. Sift the seeds of the soybean male parent and soybean female parent separately to remove impurities and empty seeds. Select plump seeds. Then soak the selected seeds in 1% hydrogen peroxide solution, 1% ethyl methanesulfonate solution, 2% sodium thiosulfate solution and water for 2 hours respectively. Take them out and dry them in the sun. Plant them separately and manage them in the field.

[0045] (2) Remove the male flowers of the female soybean parent, collect the pollen of the male soybean parent, and carry out artificial pollination and hybridization. Harvest the seeds at maturity, collect the seeds of high-yield and high-protein soybeans, screen them, remove impurities, and harvest the hybrid F1 generation.

[0046] (3) Using the F1 generation of hybrids as recipients and the male parent of soybeans as donors, they are planted separately. Before flowering, the flowers of the F1 generation of hybrids are emasculated, and the pollen of the male parent of soybeans is collected for artificial pollination and backcrossing. At maturity, the seeds of high-yield and high-protein soybeans are collected, screened, impurities are removed, and the backcrossed F1 generation is harvested.

[0047] (4) Bag the backcross F1 generation for self-pollination, harvest the seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest the self-pollinated F1 generation.

[0048] (5) Using self-pollinated F1 generation as recipient and hybrid F1 generation as donor, plant them separately. Before flowering, remove the male flowers of self-pollinated F1 generation, collect pollen from hybrid F1 generation, and perform artificial pollination and backcrossing. Harvest seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest backcross F2 generation.

[0049] (6) Bag backcross F2 generation and self-pollinate for 3 generations. Harvest seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest self-pollinated F2 generation.

[0050] (7) Using self-crossed F2 generation as recipient and backcrossed F1 generation as donor, plant them separately. Before flowering, remove the male flowers of self-crossed F2 generation, collect pollen from backcrossed F1 generation, and perform artificial pollination and backcrossing. Harvest seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest backcrossed F3 generation.

[0051] (8) The backcross F3 generation was self-crossed for 7 generations to harvest a new high-yield, high-protein soybean line with stable traits.

[0052] Example 2: (1) Select soybean male parent (Zhongdou 62) and soybean female parent (Zhongdou 57) with excellent traits. Sift the seeds of the soybean male parent and soybean female parent separately to remove impurities and empty seeds. Select plump seeds. Then soak the selected seeds in 1% hydrogen peroxide solution, 1% ethyl methanesulfonate solution, 2% sodium thiosulfate solution and water for 2 hours respectively. Take them out and dry them in the sun. Plant them separately and manage them in the field.

[0053] (2) Remove the male flowers of the female soybean parent, collect the pollen of the male soybean parent, and carry out artificial pollination and hybridization. Harvest the seeds at maturity, collect the seeds of high-yield and high-protein soybeans, screen them, remove impurities, and harvest the hybrid F1 generation.

[0054] (3) Using the F1 generation of hybrids as recipients and the male parent of soybeans as donors, they are planted separately. Before flowering, the flowers of the F1 generation of hybrids are emasculated, and the pollen of the male parent of soybeans is collected for artificial pollination and backcrossing. At maturity, the seeds of high-yield and high-protein soybeans are collected, screened, impurities are removed, and the backcrossed F1 generation is harvested.

[0055] (4) Bag the backcross F1 generation for self-pollination, harvest the seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest the self-pollinated F1 generation.

[0056] (5) Using self-pollinated F1 generation as recipient and hybrid F1 generation as donor, plant them separately. Before flowering, remove the male flowers of self-pollinated F1 generation, collect pollen from hybrid F1 generation, and perform artificial pollination and backcrossing. Harvest seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest backcross F2 generation.

[0057] (6) Bag backcross F2 generation and self-pollinate for 3 generations. Harvest seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest self-pollinated F2 generation.

[0058] (7) Using self-crossed F2 generation as recipient and backcrossed F1 generation as donor, plant them separately. Before flowering, remove the male flowers of self-crossed F2 generation, collect pollen from backcrossed F1 generation, and perform artificial pollination and backcrossing. Harvest seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest backcrossed F3 generation.

[0059] (8) The backcross F3 generation was self-crossed for 8 generations to harvest a new high-yield, high-protein soybean line with stable traits.

[0060] Example 3: (1) Select soybean male parent (Zhongdou 62) and soybean female parent (Zhongdou 57) with excellent traits. Sift the seeds of the soybean male parent and soybean female parent separately to remove impurities and empty seeds. Select plump seeds. Then soak the selected seeds in 1% hydrogen peroxide solution, 1% ethyl methanesulfonate solution, 2% sodium thiosulfate solution and water for 2 hours respectively. Take them out and dry them in the sun. Plant them separately and manage them in the field.

[0061] (2) Remove the male flowers of the female soybean parent, collect the pollen of the male soybean parent, and carry out artificial pollination and hybridization. Harvest the seeds at maturity, collect the seeds of high-yield and high-protein soybeans, screen them, remove impurities, and harvest the hybrid F1 generation.

[0062] (3) Using the F1 generation of hybrids as recipients and the male parent of soybeans as donors, they are planted separately. Before flowering, the flowers of the F1 generation of hybrids are emasculated, and the pollen of the male parent of soybeans is collected for artificial pollination and backcrossing. At maturity, the seeds of high-yield and high-protein soybeans are collected, screened, impurities are removed, and the backcrossed F1 generation is harvested.

[0063] (4) Bag the backcross F1 generation for self-pollination, harvest the seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest the self-pollinated F1 generation.

[0064] (5) Using self-pollinated F1 generation as recipient and hybrid F1 generation as donor, plant them separately. Before flowering, remove the male flowers of self-pollinated F1 generation, collect pollen from hybrid F1 generation, and perform artificial pollination and backcrossing. Harvest seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest backcross F2 generation.

[0065] (6) Bag backcross F2 generation and self-pollinate for 3 generations. Harvest seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest self-pollinated F2 generation.

[0066] (7) Using self-crossed F2 generation as recipient and backcrossed F1 generation as donor, plant them separately. Before flowering, remove the male flowers of self-crossed F2 generation, collect pollen from backcrossed F1 generation, and perform artificial pollination and backcrossing. Harvest seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest backcrossed F3 generation.

[0067] (8) The backcross F3 generation was self-crossed for 6 generations to harvest a new high-yield, high-protein soybean line with stable traits.

[0068] Example 4: (1) Select soybean male parent (Zhongdou 62) and soybean female parent (Zhongdou 57) with excellent traits. Sift the seeds of the soybean male parent and soybean female parent separately to remove impurities and empty seeds. Select plump seeds. Then soak the selected seeds in 1% hydrogen peroxide solution, 1% ethyl methanesulfonate solution, 2% sodium thiosulfate solution and water for 2 hours respectively. Take them out and dry them in the sun. Plant them separately and manage them in the field.

[0069] (2) Remove the male flowers of the female soybean parent, collect the pollen of the male soybean parent, and carry out artificial pollination and hybridization. Harvest the seeds at maturity, collect the seeds of high-yield and high-protein soybeans, screen them, remove impurities, and harvest the hybrid F1 generation.

[0070] (3) Using the F1 generation of hybrids as recipients and the male parent of soybeans as donors, they are planted separately. Before flowering, the flowers of the F1 generation of hybrids are emasculated, and the pollen of the male parent of soybeans is collected for artificial pollination and backcrossing. At maturity, the seeds of high-yield and high-protein soybeans are collected, screened, impurities are removed, and the backcrossed F1 generation is harvested.

[0071] (4) Bag the backcross F1 generation for self-pollination, harvest the seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest the self-pollinated F1 generation.

[0072] (5) Using self-pollinated F1 generation as recipient and hybrid F1 generation as donor, plant them separately. Before flowering, remove the male flowers of self-pollinated F1 generation, collect pollen from hybrid F1 generation, and perform artificial pollination and backcrossing. Harvest seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest backcross F2 generation.

[0073] (6) Bag backcross F2 generation and self-pollinate for 3 generations. Harvest seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest self-pollinated F2 generation.

[0074] (7) Using self-crossed F2 generation as recipient and backcrossed F1 generation as donor, plant them separately. Before flowering, remove the male flowers of self-crossed F2 generation, collect pollen from backcrossed F1 generation, and perform artificial pollination and backcrossing. Harvest seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest backcrossed F3 generation.

[0075] (8) The backcross F3 generation was self-crossed for 9 generations to harvest a new high-yield, high-protein soybean line with stable traits.

[0076] Comparative Example 1: The breeding method in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1, except that step (4) is omitted. The specific steps are as follows: (1) Select soybean male parent (Zhongdou 62) and soybean female parent (Zhongdou 57) with excellent traits. Sift the seeds of the soybean male parent and soybean female parent separately to remove impurities and empty seeds. Select plump seeds. Then soak the selected seeds in 1% hydrogen peroxide solution, 1% ethyl methanesulfonate solution, 2% sodium thiosulfate solution and water for 2 hours respectively. Take them out and dry them in the sun. Plant them separately and manage them in the field.

[0077] (2) Remove the male flowers of the female soybean parent, collect the pollen of the male soybean parent, and carry out artificial pollination and hybridization. Harvest the seeds at maturity, collect the seeds of high-yield and high-protein soybeans, screen them, remove impurities, and harvest the hybrid F1 generation.

[0078] (3) Using the F1 generation of hybrids as recipients and the male parent of soybeans as donors, they are planted separately. Before flowering, the flowers of the F1 generation of hybrids are emasculated, and the pollen of the male parent of soybeans is collected for artificial pollination and backcrossing. At maturity, the seeds of high-yield and high-protein soybeans are collected, screened, impurities are removed, and the backcrossed F1 generation is harvested.

[0079] (4) Using backcross F1 as recipient and hybrid F1 as donor, plant them separately. Before flowering, remove the male flowers of self-crossed F1, collect pollen from hybrid F1, and perform artificial pollination and backcrossing. Harvest seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest backcross F2.

[0080] (5) Bag backcross F2 generation and self-pollinate for 3 generations. Harvest seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest self-pollinated F2 generation.

[0081] (6) Using self-crossed F2 generation as recipient and backcrossed F1 generation as donor, plant them separately. Before flowering, remove the male flowers of self-crossed F2 generation, collect pollen from backcrossed F1 generation, and perform artificial pollination and backcrossing. Harvest seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest backcrossed F3 generation.

[0082] (7) Harvest a new soybean line with stable traits by self-pollinating the backcross F3 generation for 7 generations.

[0083] Comparative Example 2: The breeding method in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1, except that step (5) is omitted. The specific steps are as follows: (1) Select soybean male parent (Zhongdou 62) and soybean female parent (Zhongdou 57) with excellent traits. Sift the seeds of the soybean male parent and soybean female parent separately to remove impurities and empty seeds. Select plump seeds. Then soak the selected seeds in 1% hydrogen peroxide solution, 1% ethyl methanesulfonate solution, 2% sodium thiosulfate solution and water for 2 hours respectively. Take them out and dry them in the sun. Plant them separately and manage them in the field.

[0084] (2) Remove the male flowers of the female soybean parent, collect the pollen of the male soybean parent, and carry out artificial pollination and hybridization. Harvest the seeds at maturity, collect the seeds of high-yield and high-protein soybeans, screen them, remove impurities, and harvest the hybrid F1 generation.

[0085] (3) Using the F1 generation of hybrids as recipients and the male parent of soybeans as donors, they are planted separately. Before flowering, the flowers of the F1 generation of hybrids are emasculated, and the pollen of the male parent of soybeans is collected for artificial pollination and backcrossing. At maturity, the seeds of high-yield and high-protein soybeans are collected, screened, impurities are removed, and the backcrossed F1 generation is harvested.

[0086] (4) Bag backcross F1 generation and self-pollinate for 4 generations. Harvest seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest self-pollinated F1 generation.

[0087] (5) Using self-crossed F1 generation as recipient and backcrossed F1 generation as donor, plant them separately. Before flowering, remove the male flowers of self-crossed F2 generation, collect pollen from backcrossed F1 generation, and perform artificial pollination and backcrossing. Harvest seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest backcrossed F3 generation.

[0088] (6) Harvest a new soybean line with stable traits by self-pollinating the backcross F3 generation for 7 generations.

[0089] Comparative Example 3: The breeding method in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1, except that step (6) is omitted. The specific steps are as follows: (1) Select soybean male parent (Zhongdou 62) and soybean female parent (Zhongdou 57) with excellent traits. Sift the seeds of the soybean male parent and soybean female parent separately to remove impurities and empty seeds. Select plump seeds. Then soak the selected seeds in 1% hydrogen peroxide solution, 1% ethyl methanesulfonate solution, 2% sodium thiosulfate solution and water for 2 hours respectively. Take them out and dry them in the sun. Plant them separately and manage them in the field.

[0090] (2) Remove the male flowers of the female soybean parent, collect the pollen of the male soybean parent, and carry out artificial pollination and hybridization. Harvest the seeds at maturity, collect the seeds of high-yield and high-protein soybeans, screen them, remove impurities, and harvest the hybrid F1 generation.

[0091] (3) Using the F1 generation of hybrids as recipients and the male parent of soybeans as donors, they are planted separately. Before flowering, the flowers of the F1 generation of hybrids are emasculated, and the pollen of the male parent of soybeans is collected for artificial pollination and backcrossing. At maturity, the seeds of high-yield and high-protein soybeans are collected, screened, impurities are removed, and the backcrossed F1 generation is harvested.

[0092] (4) Bag the backcross F1 generation for self-pollination, harvest the seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest the self-pollinated F1 generation.

[0093] (5) Using self-pollinated F1 generation as recipient and hybrid F1 generation as donor, plant them separately. Before flowering, remove the male flowers of self-pollinated F1 generation, collect pollen from hybrid F1 generation, and perform artificial pollination and backcrossing. Harvest seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest backcross F2 generation.

[0094] (6) Using backcross F2 as recipient and backcross F1 as donor, plant them separately. Before flowering, remove the emasculation from the flowers of self-crossed F2, collect pollen from backcross F1, and perform artificial pollination and backcrossing. Harvest the seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest backcross F3.

[0095] (7) Harvest a new soybean line with stable traits by self-pollinating the backcross F3 generation for 7 generations.

[0096] Comparative Example 4: The breeding method in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1, except that step (7) is omitted. The specific steps are as follows: (1) Select soybean male parent (Zhongdou 62) and soybean female parent (Zhongdou 57) with excellent traits. Sift the seeds of the soybean male parent and soybean female parent separately to remove impurities and empty seeds. Select plump seeds. Then soak the selected seeds in 1% hydrogen peroxide solution, 1% ethyl methanesulfonate solution, 2% sodium thiosulfate solution and water for 2 hours respectively. Take them out and dry them in the sun. Plant them separately and manage them in the field.

[0097] (2) Remove the male flowers of the female soybean parent, collect the pollen of the male soybean parent, and carry out artificial pollination and hybridization. Harvest the seeds at maturity, collect the seeds of high-yield and high-protein soybeans, screen them, remove impurities, and harvest the hybrid F1 generation.

[0098] (3) Using the F1 generation of hybrids as recipients and the male parent of soybeans as donors, they are planted separately. Before flowering, the flowers of the F1 generation of hybrids are emasculated, and the pollen of the male parent of soybeans is collected for artificial pollination and backcrossing. At maturity, the seeds of high-yield and high-protein soybeans are collected, screened, impurities are removed, and the backcrossed F1 generation is harvested.

[0099] (4) Bag the backcross F1 generation for self-pollination, harvest the seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest the self-pollinated F1 generation.

[0100] (5) Using self-pollinated F1 generation as recipient and hybrid F1 generation as donor, plant them separately. Before flowering, remove the male flowers of self-pollinated F1 generation, collect pollen from hybrid F1 generation, and perform artificial pollination and backcrossing. Harvest seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest backcross F2 generation.

[0101] (6) Bag backcross F2 generation and self-pollinate for 3 generations. Harvest seeds at maturity, collect high-yield and high-protein soybean seeds, screen, remove impurities, and harvest self-pollinated F2 generation.

[0102] (7) Harvest a new soybean line with stable traits by self-pollinating the F2 generation for 7 generations.

[0103] Test Example 1: The yield and protein content of the high-yielding and high-protein soybean new lines in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were tested. The yield improvement rate (the ratio of the yield improvement value of the new soybean line compared with the soybean parent to the yield of the soybean parent) and the protein content improvement rate (the ratio of the protein content improvement value of the new soybean line compared with the soybean parent to the protein content of the soybean parent) of the new soybean lines obtained in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4 compared with the soybean parent were tested. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0104] Table 1. Detection results of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4:

[0105] As shown in Table 1, the breeding method provided by this invention can effectively obtain new high-yield and high-protein soybean lines. Compared with Comparative Examples 1-4, the new high-yield and high-protein soybean lines obtained in Examples 1-4 of this invention have significant advantages in both yield and protein content. This further proves the necessity of the steps and breeding ideas of the breeding method provided by this invention, offering a new approach for soybean breeding with broad application prospects.

[0106] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above; however, these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the above embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A breeding method for a new high-yield, high-protein soybean line, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Select soybean male and female parents with superior traits, plant them separately, and manage them in the field; (2) Remove the emasculation from the female soybean flower, collect the pollen from the male soybean flower, perform artificial pollination and hybridization, and harvest the hybrid F1 generation; (3) Using the F1 generation of the hybrid as the recipient, backcross with the male parent of soybean, and harvest the backcross F1 generation; (4) Self-cross the backcross F1 generation and harvest the self-crossed F1 generation; (5) Using the self-crossed F1 generation as the recipient, backcross with the hybrid F1 generation to harvest the backcrossed F2 generation; (6) Self-cross the backcross F2 generation for 3 generations and harvest the self-crossed F2 generation; (7) Using the self-crossed F2 generation as the recipient, backcross with the backcrossed F1 generation to harvest the backcrossed F3 generation; (8) The backcross F3 generation was self-crossed for multiple generations to harvest a new high-yield, high-protein soybean line with stable traits.

2. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The male parent of the soybean is the soybean variety Zhongdou 62.

3. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soybean parent plant is the soybean variety Zhongdou 57.

4. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seeds of the male and female soybean parents are pretreated before planting, and the pretreatment includes screening and soaking in sequence.

5. The breeding method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The screening process includes the following steps: sieving the seeds of the male and female soybean parents separately to remove impurities and empty seeds, and selecting plump seeds.

6. The breeding method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The soaking process includes the following steps: the selected seeds are soaked in a 1% hydrogen peroxide solution, a 1% ethyl methanesulfonate solution, a 2% sodium thiosulfate solution, and water for 2 hours each.

7. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the backcrossing includes the following steps: using the F1 generation of hybrids as recipients and the male soybean parent as donors, planting them separately, removing the male masculinization of the F1 generation flowers before the flowering period, collecting the pollen from the male soybean parent, and performing artificial pollination backcrossing.

8. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (5), the backcrossing includes the following steps: using the self-pollinated F1 generation as the recipient and the hybrid F1 generation as the donor, planting them separately, removing the emasculation from the flowers of the self-pollinated F1 generation before the flowering period, collecting the pollen from the hybrid F1 generation, and performing artificial pollination backcrossing.

9. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (7), the backcrossing includes the following steps: using the self-crossed F2 generation as the recipient and the backcrossed F1 generation as the donor, planting them separately, removing the emasculation from the flowers of the self-crossed F2 generation before the flowering period, collecting the pollen from the backcrossed F1 generation, and performing artificial pollination and backcrossing.

10. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of generations of self-crossing is 6 or more.

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