A shaped wear-resistant and breathable vamp of mixed woven shape memory alloy wire and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of mixed weaving shape memory alloy wire's shaping wear-resistant breathable vamp and preparation method, including vamp body, the vamp body is formed by ordinary textile yarn and functional alloy wire by weaving process mixed weaving.By using the internal skeleton effect of normal temperature superelastic shape memory alloy wire, vamp can keep shaping shape in 0 ℃-50 ℃ environment after heat setting;Even if be folded, knead or extrusion, it can automatically restore original state after loosening, without artificial arrangement, significantly improve the durability of vamp and daily use convenience;By internal fine diameter alloy wire provides basic support, surface rough diameter alloy wire forms protruding texture, directly bear external friction;The hardness and wear resistance of shape memory alloy are far more than ordinary fiber, so that the wear life of key parts of vamp is improved by 2-4 times;Meanwhile, protruding texture also improves the antiskid performance of vamp.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of footwear materials technology, specifically to a shaped, wear-resistant, and breathable shoe upper made of blended shape memory alloy wires and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Knitting and weaving are currently the mainstream processes in shoe upper manufacturing. Knitted uppers are lightweight and breathable, while woven uppers are structurally stable and durable. However, existing uppers still have the following technical problems: First, poor shape retention, easily deformed and collapsed after wearing and washing, especially in key areas such as the toe and heel; second, insufficient abrasion resistance, even with blended coarse denier yarns, their own abrasion resistance is still limited and they cannot provide structural support; third, poor shape recovery ability, easily forming permanent wrinkles after compression or folding, requiring manual finishing; fourth, fixed ventilation holes, unable to automatically adjust ventilation according to temperature, resulting in stuffiness at high temperatures and excessive cold at low temperatures.

[0003] To address the issue of breathability, existing technologies have attempted to introduce shape memory alloy (SMA) deformable sheets to cover the ventilation openings. However, in this approach, the deformable sheets are independent components that are attached to the shoe upper by gluing or sewing. They are prone to falling off or shifting, and protrude from the surface, affecting comfort and aesthetics. Furthermore, they cannot provide overall shaping and support for the shoe upper.

[0004] Shape memory alloys possess superelasticity and shape memory effects. Among them, nickel-titanium-based alloys can produce 4%-10% recoverable deformation and exhibit excellent wear resistance. However, existing technologies for applying shape memory alloys to shoe uppers have many shortcomings: the alloy wires are not firmly bonded to the shoe upper substrate; using only a single fine diameter specification cannot form an effective wear-resistant texture on the surface; there is a lack of a systematic design for the combination and gradient distribution of coarse and fine alloy wires; it fails to utilize room-temperature superelasticity to achieve permanent shaping, automatic shape recovery, and self-repair of minor wear on the shoe upper; and it also fails to utilize temperature-controlled shape memory alloys to achieve intelligent breathability regulation.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a technical solution that integrates shape memory alloys with the shoe upper, achieving shaping, wear resistance, shape recovery, self-repair, and intelligent breathability, while also being compatible with existing mainstream shoe upper manufacturing processes to facilitate large-scale production. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this application is to provide a shaped, wear-resistant, and breathable shoe upper made of blended shape memory alloy wires and its preparation method.

[0007] In the first aspect, the present application provides a shaped, wear-resistant, and breathable shoe upper made of blended shape memory alloy wires, which adopts the following technical solution: it includes a shoe upper body, which is made of ordinary textile yarns and functional alloy wires through a textile process; the functional alloy wires include room-temperature superelastic shape memory alloy wires; the functional alloy wires are directly blended into the yarn structure of the shoe upper body and are distributed in a gradient structure on the shoe upper body; the room-temperature superelastic shape memory alloy wires are selected from at least one of nickel-titanium-based, copper-based, iron-based, nickel-titanium-niobium-based, nickel-titanium-copper-based, and nickel-titanium-palladium-based shape memory alloy wires, and their austenite termination temperature Af≤30℃, and they have complete superelasticity in an environment of 0℃-50℃, and can produce 4%-10% elastic deformation and fully recover after unloading; The functional alloy wires include fine-diameter shape memory alloy wires and coarse-diameter shape memory alloy wires; The fine-diameter shape memory alloy wire has a diameter of 0.08mm-0.30mm and is woven into the interior of the shoe upper body; The coarse-diameter shape memory alloy wire has a diameter of 0.5mm-4.0mm and is woven into the surface of the shoe upper to form a raised, wear-resistant textured structure.

[0008] By employing the above technical solution, fine-diameter shape memory alloy wires are woven into the interior of the shoe upper to form an integral skeletal structure, providing permanent shape retention and elastic support. Coarse-diameter shape memory alloy wires are woven onto the surface, utilizing their excellent abrasion resistance and superelasticity to create raised textures, significantly improving the abrasion resistance and scratch resistance of the shoe upper. The synergistic effect of the fine and coarse alloy wires allows the shoe upper to maintain its shape at room temperature and automatically recover its original shape after being compressed, thus providing both internal reinforcement and external abrasion resistance.

[0009] Preferably, the gradient distribution structure includes at least two functional regions, each region having a different blending ratio of functional alloy wires, weaving method, or structure density; the functional regions include at least a first functional region and a second functional region, the first functional region having a higher blending ratio of functional alloy wires than the second functional region.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the blending ratio and weaving method of shape memory alloy wires are rationally allocated according to the functional requirements of different parts of the shoe upper. The first functional area with a high blending ratio (such as the toe and heel) obtains stronger shape retention and abrasion resistance; the second functional area with a low blending ratio (such as the middle and sides of the upper) ensures the softness and breathability of the upper. This gradient distribution not only meets the support and abrasion resistance requirements of key parts, but also avoids excessive overall stiffness from affecting wearing comfort, achieving a balance between local reinforcement and overall comfort.

[0011] Preferably, the first functional area is located at least one of the toe, heel, shoe opening, arch, and around the shoelace holes, and the blending ratio of functional alloy wires is 2%-35%; the second functional area is located at least one of the middle part of the upper, the two sides of the upper, and the tongue, and the blending ratio of functional alloy wires is 0%-10%.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the first functional zone is located in areas prone to stress, wear, or requiring strong support, such as the toe, heel, shoe opening, arch, and around the lace holes. The alloy wire blend ratio is controlled between 2% and 35%, effectively preventing deformation, collapse, and premature wear in these critical areas. The second functional zone is located in the middle, sides, and tongue of the upper, areas requiring breathability and softness, with a blend ratio of 0% to 10%, ensuring the upper's lightweight, flexibility, and breathability. This optimized ratio range leverages the function of the shape memory alloy without excessively increasing the upper's weight or cost.

[0013] Preferably, the gradient distribution structure further includes a third functional region located between the first and second functional regions, and the blending ratio of functional alloy wires is 1%-20%.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, a third functional area is set between the first and second functional areas as a transition zone. The alloy wire blending ratio is 1%-20%, which makes the performance change of the upper from the high support area to the low support area more gradual, avoiding stress concentration or discomfort caused by sudden stiffness changes. The third functional area plays a buffering and transition role, improving the overall structural coordination and durability of the upper.

[0015] Preferably, the coarse-diameter shape memory alloy wire is woven onto the surface of the shoe upper body, forming a dual wear-resistant shaping structure of "internal alloy wire skeleton and surface alloy wire texture" together with the fine-diameter shape memory alloy wire.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the coarse-diameter shape memory alloy wire is preferentially woven into the areas that require the most wear resistance and shape retention, forming a dual reinforcement structure of "internal skeleton and surface texture" together with the internal fine-diameter alloy wire. The internal fine wire provides overall shape retention and elastic recovery, while the surface coarse wire directly bears friction and scratches.

[0017] Preferably, the coarse-diameter shape memory alloy wire is interwoven, paralleled, or embedded with ordinary textile yarn and fine-diameter shape memory alloy wire in a mixed structure; the raised wear-resistant texture structure includes at least one of stripes, grids, dots, honeycomb, rhombuses, letters, and patterns.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solutions, coarse-diameter shape memory alloy wires can be combined with ordinary yarns or fine-diameter alloy wires through various methods such as interlacing, plying, or weaving, improving the flexibility and bonding strength of the weaving process. The raised texture formed on the surface can be stripes, grids, dots, honeycomb, diamonds, letters, or patterns, etc., which can not only design the optimal wear-resistant and anti-slip structure according to functional requirements, but also meet the aesthetic and brand identification requirements of the shoe upper, achieving a unity of functionality and decoration.

[0019] Preferably, the functional alloy wire further includes a temperature-controlled shape memory alloy wire, which is woven into the breathable area of ​​the shoe upper; the diameter of the temperature-controlled shape memory alloy wire is 0.08mm-0.20mm, and the blending ratio is 1%-8%; the temperature-controlled shape memory alloy wire adopts a warp or weft alternating weaving method, and together with ordinary textile yarns, forms a deformable breathable hole structure; when the ambient temperature or the temperature inside the shoe exceeds its austenite termination temperature Af, the temperature-controlled shape memory alloy wire undergoes shape memory recovery deformation, causing the breathable holes of the shoe upper to automatically expand; when the temperature drops below the Af temperature, the breathable holes automatically shrink.

[0020] By employing the above technical solution, temperature-controlled shape memory alloy wires are woven into the breathable areas of the shoe upper. These wires are thinner and present in a lower proportion, thus not affecting the overall softness and comfort of the upper. When the body moves or the ambient temperature rises above the phase transition temperature Af, the alloy wires undergo a shape memory effect, changing from bent to straight, expanding the ventilation holes by 20%-50% to enhance heat dissipation. When the temperature drops, the alloy wires return to their original bending state due to their superelasticity, and the ventilation holes shrink to retain warmth. This mechanism achieves intelligent automatic adjustment of the shoe upper's breathability without the need for external power or manual operation, significantly improving wearing comfort.

[0021] Preferably, the surface of the functional alloy wire is modified, and the modification treatment includes at least one of polymer coating, plasma treatment, chemical plating, electroplating, and anodizing; the thickness of the polymer coating is 3μm-20μm.

[0022] By employing the above-mentioned technical solutions, modifying the surface of functional alloy wires through polymer coating, plasma treatment, chemical plating, electroplating, or anodizing significantly improves the bonding strength between the alloy wires and ordinary textile yarns, preventing slippage or detachment during weaving and use. Simultaneously, the modified layer enhances the corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance, and dyeing properties of the alloy wires, ensuring the alloy wire color harmonizes with the overall shoe upper and preventing exposed metal wires from affecting aesthetics. The polymer coating thickness is controlled between 3μm and 20μm, guaranteeing both protective effectiveness and without compromising the flexibility and weaving performance of the alloy wires.

[0023] Preferably, the functional alloy wire and ordinary textile yarn adopt a composite yarn structure, and the composite yarn structure includes at least one of core-spun yarn, covered yarn, Siro yarn, compact yarn, slub yarn, and space-dyed yarn.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solutions, functional alloy wires are pre-formed into composite yarn structures such as core-spun yarn, covered yarn, and Siro yarn with ordinary textile yarns. This allows the alloy wires to be evenly distributed in the yarn and effectively wrapped by the outer fibers, preventing the alloy wires from being directly exposed and rubbing against the skin or snagging on other items. The composite yarns also have better weavability, adapting to the high-speed production requirements of existing knitting and weaving equipment, while improving the overall appearance and feel of the shoe upper.

[0025] Preferably, the ordinary textile yarn is selected from at least one of synthetic fibers, natural fibers, regenerated fibers, and their blended yarns; the synthetic fibers include at least one of polyester fibers, nylon fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyethylene fibers, spandex fibers, aramid fibers, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers; the natural fibers include at least one of cotton fibers, linen fibers, wool fibers, and silk fibers; and the regenerated fibers include at least one of viscose fibers, Tencel fibers, Modal fibers, and bamboo fibers.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solutions, ordinary textile yarns can be selected from synthetic fibers, natural fibers, or recycled fibers, and can be flexibly combined according to the performance requirements and cost objectives of different types of footwear. For example, high-strength nylon or polyester fibers can be used for athletic shoes, cotton or linen can be used for casual shoes to increase comfort, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers can be used for outdoor shoes to enhance abrasion resistance. This wide range of material choices enhances the applicability and market competitiveness of this application.

[0027] Preferably, the textile process includes knitting, weaving, and surface weaving; the knitting process includes at least one of fly knitting, weft knitting, warp knitting, cross knitting, and circular knitting; the weaving process includes at least one of plain weave, twill weave, satin weave, and jacquard weave; and the surface weaving process is used to weave coarse-diameter shape memory alloy wires onto the surface of the shoe upper.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solutions, this application is fully compatible with existing mainstream knitting, weaving, and specialized surface weaving processes. This means that large-scale industrial production of the technical solutions in this application can be achieved without large-scale equipment modifications to existing shoe upper production lines, lowering the barriers to promotion and manufacturing costs. At the same time, the multiple process options also provide rich means for realizing the appearance design, breathable structure, and texture patterns of the shoe upper.

[0029] On the other hand, the method for preparing a shaped, wear-resistant, and breathable shoe upper using a blended shape memory alloy wire provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: including the following steps: Step S1: Functional alloy wire pretreatment: The room temperature superelastic shape memory alloy wire is heat-treated at 380℃-500℃ for 20-120 minutes. The heat treatment includes at least one of vacuum annealing, inert gas protected annealing, and salt bath annealing. Then, the surface of the alloy wire is modified. The modification treatment includes at least one of polymer coating, plasma treatment, chemical plating, electroplating, and anodizing. Step S2: Composite yarn preparation: The functional alloy wire is made into a composite yarn by using at least one of the following processes: ring spinning, air-jet spinning, vortex spinning, Siro spinning, compact spinning, and cover spinning. The twist of the composite yarn is controlled to be 500 twists / meter to 1500 twists / meter. Step S3: Upper weaving: Using knitting, weaving or surface weaving techniques, composite yarns and ordinary textile yarns are mixed and woven in a preset gradient distribution ratio to form the upper body in one piece. Step S4: Shape memory shaping treatment: Place the woven shoe upper body onto the shaping mold and heat-set it at a temperature of 60℃-90℃ for 5 minutes to 40 minutes. After cooling to below 35℃, demold it. Step S5: Post-processing: Cut, edge-lock, sew, dye, print, waterproof, stain-resistant, antibacterial, and antistatic treatments are applied to the shaped shoe upper.

[0030] Preferably, in step S3, when it is necessary to weave a large diameter shape memory alloy wire, the large diameter shape memory alloy wire is threaded into an independent roving nozzle, and the wire is mixed with ordinary textile yarn and / or small diameter shape memory alloy wire in a preset area under the control of a computer program to form a raised wear-resistant texture structure.

[0031] Preferably, in step S3, when it is necessary to achieve intelligent temperature control and breathability, the temperature control shape memory alloy wire is threaded into an independent yarn nozzle, and is mixed with ordinary textile yarn in the breathable area by computer program control to form a deformable breathable hole structure.

[0032] Preferably, in step S4, the cooling method includes at least one of natural cooling, forced air cooling, and water cooling.

[0033] In summary, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects: 1. By utilizing the internal skeleton of the room-temperature super-elastic shape memory alloy wire, the shoe upper can maintain its shape for a long time in an environment of 0℃-50℃ after heat setting; even if it is folded, kneaded or squeezed, it can automatically return to its original shape after being released, without the need for manual maintenance, which significantly improves the durability and daily use convenience of the shoe upper. 2. The internal fine-diameter alloy wires provide basic support, while the surface coarse-diameter alloy wires form raised textures that directly withstand external friction. The hardness and wear resistance of shape memory alloys far exceed those of ordinary fibers, increasing the wear life of key parts of the shoe upper by 2-4 times. At the same time, the raised textures also improve the anti-slip performance of the shoe upper. 3. Through a gradient distribution structure, high-density alloy wires are woven only in areas prone to wear and requiring support, while the remaining areas maintain low density or zero density, so that the overall weight of the shoe upper only increases by 4%-15%, which is far lower than the full upper reinforcement solution, thus balancing functionality and lightweight. 4. The temperature-controlled shape memory alloy wire can automatically adjust the opening of the ventilation holes according to the ambient or in-shoe temperature: at high temperatures, the ventilation holes expand by 20%-50% to quickly dissipate heat and moisture, thus lowering the temperature inside the shoe; at low temperatures, the ventilation holes automatically shrink to keep warm; achieving a smart wearing experience of "warm in winter and cool in summer", especially suitable for sports shoes, outdoor shoes and seasonal footwear; 5. The superelasticity of shape memory alloys allows minor wear, indentations, or creases on the shoe upper surface to automatically recover and smooth out, reducing signs of premature aging; for minor damage during daily wear, the shoe upper has a certain self-repairing ability, significantly extending the product's aesthetic lifespan; 6. The preparation method of the present invention is fully compatible with existing mainstream fly-weave, shuttle-weave and surface-weave equipment, without the need for large-scale modification of the production line; the coarse diameter alloy wire can be directly woven through an independent roving nozzle, the temperature-controlled fine wire can be introduced through a conventional nozzle, and the composite yarn structure can be adapted to existing mature processes such as ring spinning and air-jet spinning, which greatly reduces the technical implementation threshold and equipment investment cost. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall internal structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation method of the present invention.

[0035] In the diagram: upper body - 1, fine diameter shape memory alloy wire - 2, coarse diameter shape memory alloy wire - 3, first functional area - 4, second functional area - 5, third functional area - 6, temperature-controlled shape memory alloy wire - 7, breathable area - 8. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 3 This application will be described in further detail below.

[0037] Example 1: A shaped, wear-resistant, and breathable shoe upper made of blended shape memory alloy wires, referring to... Figures 1-2The shoe includes an upper body 1. The upper body 1 is woven from ordinary textile yarns and functional alloy wires using a textile process. The functional alloy wires include room-temperature superelastic shape memory alloy wires. These functional alloy wires are directly woven into the yarn structure of the upper body 1, exhibiting a gradient distribution on the upper body 1. The functional alloy wires include fine-diameter shape memory alloy wires 2 and coarse-diameter shape memory alloy wires 3. The room-temperature superelastic shape memory alloy wires are selected from at least one of nickel-titanium-based, copper-based, iron-based, nickel-titanium-niobium-based, nickel-titanium-copper-based, and nickel-titanium-palladium-based shape memory alloy wires, with an austenite termination temperature Af ≤ 30℃. They exhibit complete superelasticity in an environment of 0℃-50℃, capable of producing 4%-10% elastic deformation and fully recovering after unloading.

[0038] The fine-diameter shape memory alloy wire 2 has a diameter of 0.08mm-0.30mm and is woven into the interior of the shoe upper body 1. The coarse-diameter shape memory alloy wire 3 has a diameter of 0.5mm-4.0mm and is woven onto the surface of the shoe upper body 1 to form a raised, wear-resistant textured structure.

[0039] Upper Body 1: As the basic structure of the upper, it is woven from a blend of ordinary textile yarns and functional alloy wires, wrapping around the foot and providing fit, support, and breathability. By incorporating shape memory alloy wires, Upper Body 1 achieves permanent shape retention, shape recovery, and localized abrasion resistance enhancement.

[0040] Fine-diameter shape memory alloy wire 2: woven into the interior of the upper body 1 to form an integral skeleton structure, providing durable shape retention and support. It has super elasticity at room temperature, can withstand repeated bending and automatically return to its original shape, preventing permanent deformation or wrinkling of the upper after wearing, washing, or folding; at the same time, it enhances the support strength of the toe, heel, arch, and other parts of the shoe.

[0041] Coarse-diameter shape memory alloy wire 3: woven onto the surface of the shoe upper body 1, forming raised, wear-resistant textures that directly withstand external friction, scratches, and impacts. Utilizing the high hardness and high wear resistance of the shape memory alloy, it significantly slows down the wear of the shoe upper surface, increasing its wear life by 2-4 times; at the same time, the raised textures increase the coefficient of friction between the shoe upper and external objects, improving its anti-slip performance.

[0042] In some embodiments, the gradient distribution structure includes at least two functional regions, each with a different blending ratio, weaving method, or structure density of functional alloy wires. The functional regions include at least a first functional region 4 and a second functional region 5, with the first functional region 4 having a higher blending ratio of functional alloy wires than the second functional region 5. The first functional region 4 is located at least at one of the following: the toe, heel, shoe opening, arch, or around the shoelace holes, with a blending ratio of 2%-35% for the functional alloy wires. The second functional region 5 is located at least at one of the following: the middle of the upper, both sides of the upper, or the tongue, with a blending ratio of 0%-10% for the functional alloy wires. The gradient distribution structure also includes a third functional region 6, located between the first functional region 4 and the second functional region 5, with a blending ratio of 1%-20% for the functional alloy wires. The coarse-diameter shape memory alloy wire 3 is woven onto the surface of the first functional region 4, forming a dual wear-resistant shaping structure with an "internal alloy wire skeleton and a surface alloy wire texture" together with the fine-diameter shape memory alloy wire 2. The coarse-diameter shape memory alloy wire 3 is interwoven, paralleled, or embedded with ordinary textile yarn and fine-diameter shape memory alloy wire 2; the raised wear-resistant texture structure includes at least one of stripes, grids, dots, honeycomb, rhombuses, letters, and patterns.

[0043] First functional area 4: Located in areas prone to stress or wear, such as the toe, heel, shoe opening, arch, and around the shoelace holes, this area has a high proportion of alloy wire blends; it provides high-strength support and wear-resistant protection, ensuring the long-term shape stability and durability of key parts.

[0044] Second functional area 5: Located in the middle, sides, tongue and other areas of the upper that require softness and breathability, with a low proportion of alloy wire blending; this area ensures the flexibility, lightweight and air circulation of the upper, while retaining the feel and breathability of traditional uppers to the greatest extent.

[0045] The third functional area 6 is located between the first functional area 4 and the second functional area 5. As a transition area, it smoothly connects the high support area and the low support area, avoiding stress concentration or discomfort caused by sudden changes in stiffness, and preventing arching, wrinkling or delamination at the boundary of alloy wire distribution.

[0046] In this application, the functional alloy wire further includes a temperature-controlled shape memory alloy wire 7, which is woven into the breathable area 8 of the shoe upper. The diameter of the temperature-controlled shape memory alloy wire 7 is 0.08mm-0.20mm, and the blending ratio is 1%-8%. The temperature-controlled shape memory alloy wire 7 is woven using a warp or weft-alternating weave method, forming a deformable breathable hole structure together with ordinary textile yarns. When the ambient temperature or the temperature inside the shoe exceeds its austenite termination temperature Af, the temperature-controlled shape memory alloy wire 7 undergoes shape memory recovery deformation, causing the breathable holes of the shoe upper to automatically expand; when the temperature drops below the Af temperature, the breathable holes automatically shrink. The surface of the functional alloy wire is modified, and the modification treatment includes at least one of polymer coating, plasma treatment, chemical plating, electroplating, and anodizing; the thickness of the polymer coating is 3μm-20μm. The functional alloy wire and ordinary textile yarn adopt a composite yarn structure, which includes at least one of core-spun yarn, covered yarn, Siro yarn, compact yarn, slub yarn, and space-dyed yarn. The ordinary textile yarn is selected from at least one of synthetic fibers, natural fibers, regenerated fibers, and their blended yarns; the synthetic fibers include at least one of polyester fiber, nylon fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyethylene fiber, spandex fiber, aramid fiber, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber; the natural fibers include at least one of cotton fiber, linen fiber, wool fiber, and silk fiber; the regenerated fibers include at least one of viscose fiber, Tencel fiber, Modal fiber, and bamboo fiber. The textile process includes knitting, weaving, and surface weaving; the knitting process includes at least one of flyknitting, weft knitting, warp knitting, cross knitting, and circular knitting; the weaving process includes at least one of plain weave, twill weave, satin weave, and jacquard weave; the surface weaving process is used to weave the coarse-diameter shape memory alloy wire onto the surface of the shoe upper.

[0047] Temperature-controlled shape memory alloy wire 7: woven into the breathable area 8, with a specific phase change temperature Af; at low temperatures, it is in a bent state, and the vents maintain a small opening; at high temperatures, the shape memory effect occurs, changing from bent to straight, opening the vents and automatically increasing their area by 20%-50%, enhancing heat dissipation and moisture removal; after the temperature drops, it automatically returns to its bent state; realizing intelligent automatic adjustment of air permeability.

[0048] Breathable Zone 8: A dedicated area in the upper for air exchange, usually located in the second functional zone 5 or on the sides or tongue of the upper; temperature-controlled shape memory alloy wire 7 and ordinary yarn are woven together here to form a deformable mesh or perforated structure, which can dynamically adjust the size of the openings and improve the microclimate inside the shoe.

[0049] Modified treatment layer: formed by coating polymer coating, plasma treatment, chemical plating, electroplating or anodizing; its main functions are to improve the bonding force between alloy wire and ordinary yarn, prevent slippage; enhance corrosion resistance; improve surface color and dyeing affinity; and reduce the discomfort of alloy wire rubbing against the skin.

[0050] Composite yarn structure: Functional alloy wires are pre-made into core-spun yarns, covered yarns, etc., using ordinary textile yarns; functions include wrapping the alloy wires to prevent them from being directly exposed, improving weaving operability, and improving the appearance and feel of the shoe upper.

[0051] Ordinary textile yarns: form the main base material of the shoe upper, providing comfort, moisture wicking, elasticity, dyeability, and low cost. They are blended with functional alloy yarns in proportion to achieve enhanced functionality.

[0052] Textile processes: The gradient distribution and texture formation of functional alloy wires are achieved through knitting, weaving or surface braiding processes, which are compatible with existing mainstream equipment and lower the industrialization threshold.

[0053] Example 2: Self-shaping, abrasion-resistant flyknit athletic shoe upper made of blended fine-diameter nickel-titanium alloy wire This embodiment is based on Example 1, and is prepared using specific material parameters and processes.

[0054] A self-shaping, abrasion-resistant flyknit sports shoe upper made of fine-diameter nickel-titanium alloy wire includes an upper body 1, which is made of ordinary nylon yarn and fine-diameter room-temperature super-elastic nickel-titanium alloy wire through a flyknitting process.

[0055] Fine-diameter room-temperature superelastic nickel-titanium alloy wire: diameter 0.14mm, austenite termination temperature Af=20℃, surface coated with a 9μm thick modified polyurethane coating.

[0056] Ordinary nylon yarn: 200D nylon 66 high elastic yarn.

[0057] Gradient distribution structure: Functional Zone 4: The proportion of nickel-titanium alloy wire is 18%, and it adopts a cross weaving of "warp and weft" to form a 10mm×10mm grid structure.

[0058] Third functional area 6: The proportion of nickel-titanium alloy wire blending is 8%, and the weaving method is to add 1 alloy wire every 5 yarns in the warp direction.

[0059] Second functional area 5: The proportion of nickel-titanium alloy wire mixed weaving is 1%, and it adopts a dotted distribution method.

[0060] Preparation method: Fine-diameter, room-temperature, highly elastic nickel-titanium alloy wire was vacuum annealed at 430℃ for 45 minutes, then coated with a modified polyurethane coating and cured at 120℃ for 15 minutes. Using the nickel-titanium alloy wire as the core yarn and nylon 66 high-elasticity yarn as the outer yarn, a core-spun composite yarn with a twist of 800 twists / meter was produced by ring spinning. The shoe upper body was integrally knitted using a Stoll CMS 530 HP double-needle flat knitting machine at a knitting speed of 0.9 m / s. The shoe upper was then placed on a standard aluminum alloy shoe last mold and heat-set at 78℃ for 18 minutes, followed by forced air cooling to below 25℃ before demolding.

[0061] Performance testing: Shaping effect: After wearing at room temperature for 3 months, the shoe surface showed no obvious deformation or wrinkling, and the size change rate was <1%.

[0062] Shape recovery ability: The shoe upper is folded to 1 / 4 size and held for 1 hour. It will completely return to its original shape within 25 seconds after being released.

[0063] Abrasion resistance: According to GB / T 21196.2-2007 standard, the toe area can withstand 12,000 abrasion cycles, which is twice that of ordinary flyknit uppers.

[0064] Weight: The weight of a single shoe upper is 6% greater than that of a regular flyknit upper.

[0065] Example 3: Double-layer abrasion-resistant flyknit outdoor shoe upper composed of coarse and fine nickel-titanium-niobium alloy wires This embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 2, except that: A 2.0mm diameter nickel-titanium-niobium alloy wire 3 is additionally woven into the surface of the high wear-resistant and high-support area, with a blending ratio of 6%. The coarse-diameter nickel-titanium-niobium alloy wire and the fine-diameter nickel-titanium-niobium alloy wire are interwoven to form a 15mm×15mm raised mesh-like wear-resistant texture. During weaving, the coarse-diameter nickel-titanium-niobium alloy wire is threaded into an independent roving nozzle, and the weaving is controlled by a computer program only in the high wear-resistant area.

[0066] Performance testing: Abrasion resistance: The toe area can withstand 19,000 abrasion cycles, which is 3.17 times that of ordinary flyknit uppers.

[0067] Anti-slip properties: The coefficient of friction is increased by 33% in dry state and by 38% in wet state.

[0068] Shape recovery capability: It can fully recover its original shape within 22 seconds after being folded.

[0069] Example 4: Intelligent temperature-controlled flyknit outdoor shoe upper made of blended temperature-controlled nickel-titanium-copper alloy wire This embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 2, except that: At the same time, temperature-controlled nickel-titanium-copper alloy wire 7 is blended and woven in the breathable area 8 at a ratio of 3%, using a warp-interval weaving method, together with ordinary nylon yarn to form a deformable breathable hole structure.

[0070] Performance testing: Intelligent temperature control and breathability: When the temperature inside the shoe reaches 36℃, the ventilation holes automatically expand by 28%, and the temperature inside the shoe decreases by 3-5℃; when the temperature drops below 33℃, the ventilation holes automatically shrink.

[0071] The shaping and wear resistance effects are the same as in Example 2.

[0072] Example 5: Experimental Sample of Ultrafine Nickel-Titanium Alloy Wire This embodiment is used to verify the technical feasibility of using alloy wires with smaller diameters.

[0073] Small-batch trial knitting was conducted using nickel-titanium alloy wire with a diameter of 0.05 mm on a laboratory-specific precision knitting machine.

[0074] Material parameters: Ultrafine nickel-titanium alloy wire: 0.05 mm in diameter, austenite termination temperature Af = 20℃, and a 5 μm thick modified polyurethane coating on the surface.

[0075] Ordinary nylon yarn: 150D nylon 66 high elastic yarn.

[0076] Gradient distribution structure: Functional Zone 4: The proportion of nickel-titanium alloy wire is 15%, and it adopts a cross weaving method of "warp and weft".

[0077] Third functional area 6: The proportion of nickel-titanium alloy wire blend is 6%, and it adopts warp-interval weaving.

[0078] Second functional area 5: Nickel-titanium alloy wire blend ratio is 0.5%, using dot distribution.

[0079] Preparation method: Ultrafine nickel-titanium alloy wire was vacuum annealed at 420℃ for 50 minutes, then coated with a modified polyurethane coating and cured at 110℃ for 20 minutes. Using ultrafine nickel-titanium alloy wire as the core yarn and 150D nylon 66 high-elastic yarn as the outer yarn, a core-spun composite yarn with a twist of 900 twists / meter was produced through precision ring spinning. A laboratory-grade E20 precision knitting machine was used, with the knitting speed set to 0.3 m / s. The shoe upper sample was placed on a standard aluminum alloy shoe last mold and heat-set at 75℃ for 20 minutes, then forced to cool to below 25℃ before demolding.

[0080] Performance testing: Shaping effect: Dimensional change rate <1.2%, shaping effect is good.

[0081] Shape recovery ability: The shoe upper is folded to 1 / 4 size and held for 1 hour. It will completely return to its original shape within 30 seconds after being released.

[0082] Abrasion resistance: The toe area can withstand 8,000 abrasion cycles, which is 1.3 times that of ordinary flyknit uppers.

[0083] This embodiment verifies the technical feasibility of using finer diameter alloy wires, but due to limitations of existing industrial equipment, large-scale mass production has not yet been achieved. With advancements in textile equipment technology, ultrafine alloy wires will be able to achieve industrial applications in the future.

[0084] Example 6: A method for preparing a shape-memory alloy wire blended into a durable, breathable shoe upper, comprising the following steps: Step a: Pretreatment of functional alloy wire Fine-diameter (0.14 mm) room-temperature superelastic nickel-titanium alloy wires were vacuum-annealed at 430℃ for 45 minutes (vacuum degree ≤ 1 × 10⁻² Pa). Then, a 9 μm thick modified polyurethane coating was applied to the surface of the alloy wires and cured at 120℃ for 15 minutes. The same heat treatment and surface modification were performed on coarse-diameter (2.0 mm) alloy wires.

[0085] Step b: Preparation of composite yarn This core-spun composite yarn is made using fine-diameter nickel-titanium alloy wire as the core yarn and 200D nylon 66 high-elasticity yarn as the outer yarn, through ring spinning. The twist is controlled at 800 twists / meter. The coarser diameter alloy wire can be used directly or plied with other yarns.

[0086] Step c: Upper weaving Using a Stoll CMS 530 HP double-needle flat knitting machine, composite yarn and ordinary nylon yarn are threaded into separate yarn feeders. A pre-designed shoe upper pattern program is input, and the knitting speed is set to 0.9 m / s. Based on the gradient distribution structure, composite yarn is blended at a ratio of 18% in the first functional zone, using a warp + weft cross-weaving technique; in the third functional zone, it is knitted at an 8% warp interval; and in the second functional zone, the blending ratio is 1%. A thick-diameter alloy wire is threaded into a separate yarn feeder, and a 15mm × 15mm raised mesh-like abrasion-resistant texture is formed only on the surface of the first functional zone.

[0087] Step d: Shape memory shaping process The woven upper body is placed on a standard aluminum alloy shoe last molding mold and heat-set at 78℃ for 18 minutes. Then it is forced to cool to below 25℃ before demolding.

[0088] Step e: Post-processing After shaping, the shoe upper is cut, edged, and the tongue and lace holes are sewn on. Then, it is dyed and waterproofed to obtain the final shoe upper product.

[0089] The shoe upper prepared by the above method shows no significant deformation after 3 months of wear at room temperature, returns to its original shape within 25 seconds after being folded, and has a wear resistance of more than 12,000 times, which is twice that of ordinary flyknit shoe uppers.

[0090] Example 7: Preparation method of temperature-controlled alloy wire: The process is essentially the same as in Example 6, except that: temperature-controlled shape memory alloy wire is interwoven into the breathable area at a ratio of 3%, using a warp-interval weaving method to form a deformable breathable pore structure with ordinary yarn. The heat-setting temperature in step d is adjusted to 75°C for 20 minutes. When the internal temperature of the shoe reaches 36°C, the breathable pores automatically expand by 28%, and the internal temperature decreases by 3-5°C.

[0091] Industrial applicability The shoe upper and its preparation method of the present invention can be directly applied to existing fly-knitting and weaving equipment, making them suitable for large-scale industrial production and possessing high practical value and economic benefits.

[0092] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows: When the austenite termination temperature Af≤30℃, the crystal structure of the room-temperature superelastic shape memory alloy wire is austenitic, exhibiting superelastic properties. Under stress, austenite can be transformed into martensite through stress induction, producing elastic deformation of up to 4%-10%. When the stress is unloaded, the martensite reverses to austenite, and the deformation is completely recovered, exhibiting elasticity and recovery ability similar to "rubber" but with strength far exceeding that of rubber. Fine-diameter shape memory alloy wires 2 are woven into the interior of the shoe upper body 1 to form a three-dimensional skeleton network. During the preparation process, heat setting treatment is used to make the alloy wires remember the final shape of the shoe upper. After setting, the shoe upper can be used at room temperature for a long time. Even if it is repeatedly bent, squeezed or folded, the internal alloy wire skeleton can quickly pull the shoe upper back to its original shape state by relying on super elasticity, thereby achieving permanent setting and automatic shape recovery without external heating or manual finishing. This application adopts a dual structure of "internal fine filament support and surface coarse filament protection": The internal fine-diameter shape memory alloy wire 2 forms the overall skeleton, keeping the shoe upper firm and preventing localized concentrated wear due to collapse or deformation, thus playing a basic role in wear resistance; A large-diameter shape memory alloy wire 3 is woven onto the surface of the shoe upper body 1, forming a raised, wear-resistant texture. Because the hardness and wear resistance of the shape memory alloy are much higher than those of ordinary textile fibers, these raised textures preferentially withstand external friction, scratches and impacts, replacing the wear of ordinary yarns, thereby increasing the overall wear resistance of the shoe upper by 2-4 times. At the same time, the large-diameter alloy wire also has super elasticity, and can spring back to its original shape after being deformed by pressure, ensuring that the texture remains raised for a long time and will not collapse due to repeated friction. In the gradient distribution structure of this application, the coarse diameter shape memory alloy wire 3 is preferentially woven on the surface of the first functional area 4, and together with the fine diameter alloy wire inside, it forms a dual wear-resistant shaping structure of "internal alloy wire skeleton and surface alloy wire texture". When the shoe upper is woven with temperature-controlled shape memory alloy wire 7, its working process is divided into two stages: Low temperature state: The temperature-controlled shape memory alloy wire 7 is in the martensitic phase and has a preset curved shape; at this time, the vents in the breathable area 8 formed by interweaving with ordinary yarn are in a contracted state with a small opening, which reduces air circulation and plays the role of heat preservation and preventing cold air from entering. High temperature condition: When the human body is engaged in strenuous exercise or the ambient temperature rises and the temperature inside the shoe exceeds Af, the temperature-controlled shape memory alloy wire 7 undergoes a martensite to austenite phase transformation, producing shape memory recovery deformation, changing from a bent state to a straight state; this deformation force stretches the surrounding ordinary textile yarns, causing the ventilation area 8 to automatically expand the ventilation hole area by 20%-50%, significantly enhancing air convection and heat dissipation and moisture removal effects; when the temperature drops below Af again, the temperature-controlled shape memory alloy wire 7 automatically recovers its bending under the action of superelasticity, and the ventilation holes return to the contracted state; This process is completely passive and requires no external energy, enabling intelligent functions that automatically adjust the amount of breathability according to temperature, thus improving the microclimate inside the shoe. Based on the functional requirements of different areas of the shoe upper, functional alloy wires are distributed in gradients according to different proportions, densities, and weaving methods: First functional area 4: High proportion of alloy wire, surface coarse diameter wire 3, high strength support and wear resistance; Second functional area 5: Low or zero proportion of alloy wire to maintain softness, lightness and breathability; Third functional area 6: medium proportion, smooth transition, avoids abrupt changes in stiffness; This design allows the alloy wires to work precisely where they are most needed, improving overall performance while avoiding an overly rigid or expensive upper, achieving the best balance between function and comfort.

[0093] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Identical components are represented by the same reference numerals. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A shaped, wear-resistant, and breathable shoe upper made of blended shape memory alloy wires, characterized in that: The shoe upper body (1) is made of ordinary textile yarn and functional alloy wire through textile process; the functional alloy wire includes room temperature super elastic shape memory alloy wire; the functional alloy wire is directly woven into the yarn structure of the shoe upper body (1) and has a gradient distribution structure on the shoe upper body (1).

2. The shape-woven, wear-resistant, and breathable shoe upper made of blended shape memory alloy wires according to claim 1, characterized in that: The room-temperature superelastic shape memory alloy wire is selected from at least one of nickel-titanium-based, copper-based, iron-based, nickel-titanium-niobium-based, nickel-titanium-copper-based, and nickel-titanium-palladium-based shape memory alloy wires. Its austenite termination temperature Af≤30℃, and it has complete superelasticity in an environment of 0℃-50℃. It can produce 4%-10% elastic deformation and fully recover after unloading.

3. The shape-woven, wear-resistant, and breathable shoe upper made of blended shape memory alloy wires according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional alloy wires include fine-diameter shape memory alloy wires (2) and coarse-diameter shape memory alloy wires (3); The fine-diameter shape memory alloy wire (2) has a diameter of 0.08mm-0.30mm and is woven into the inside of the shoe upper body (1); The coarse-diameter shape memory alloy wire (3) has a diameter of 0.5mm-4.0mm and is woven on the surface of the shoe upper body (1) to form a raised wear-resistant texture structure.

4. The shape-woven, wear-resistant, and breathable shoe upper made of blended shape memory alloy wires according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gradient distribution structure includes at least two functional regions, each region having a different ratio of functional alloy wires mixed together, a different weaving method, or a different structure density; the functional regions include at least a first functional region (4) and a second functional region (5), the ratio of functional alloy wires mixed together in the first functional region (4) is higher than that in the second functional region (5).

5. The shape-woven, wear-resistant, and breathable shoe upper made of blended shape memory alloy wires according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first functional area (4) is located at least one of the toe, heel, opening, arch, and around the shoelace hole, and the blending ratio of functional alloy wire is 2%-35%; the second functional area (5) is located at least one of the middle part of the upper, the two sides of the upper, and the tongue, and the blending ratio of functional alloy wire is 0%-10%.

6. The shape-woven, wear-resistant, and breathable shoe upper made of blended shape memory alloy wires according to claim 4, characterized in that: The gradient distribution structure also includes a third functional area (6), located between the first functional area (4) and the second functional area (5), and the blending ratio of functional alloy wires is 1%-20%.

7. The shape-woven, wear-resistant, and breathable shoe upper made of blended shape memory alloy wires according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coarse diameter shape memory alloy wire (3) is woven on the surface of the shoe upper body (1), and together with the fine diameter shape memory alloy wire (2), it forms a dual wear-resistant shaping structure of "internal alloy wire skeleton and surface alloy wire texture".

8. The shape-woven, wear-resistant, and breathable shoe upper made of blended shape memory alloy wires according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coarse diameter shape memory alloy wire (3) is interwoven with ordinary textile yarn and fine diameter shape memory alloy wire (2) in an interlaced structure, a parallel structure or an inlay structure; the raised wear-resistant texture structure includes at least one of stripes, grids, dots, honeycomb, rhombus, letters or patterns.

9. The shape-woven, wear-resistant, and breathable shoe upper made of blended shape memory alloy wires according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional alloy wire also includes a temperature-controlled shape memory alloy wire (7), which is woven into the breathable area (8) of the shoe upper; the diameter of the temperature-controlled shape memory alloy wire (7) is 0.08mm-0.20mm, and the blending ratio is 1%-8%; the temperature-controlled shape memory alloy wire (7) adopts a warp or weft interval weaving method, and together with ordinary textile yarns, it forms a deformable breathable hole structure; when the ambient temperature or the temperature inside the shoe exceeds its austenite end temperature Af, the temperature-controlled shape memory alloy wire (7) undergoes shape memory recovery deformation, causing the breathable holes of the shoe upper to automatically expand; when the temperature drops below the Af temperature, the breathable holes automatically shrink.

10. The shape-woven shape memory alloy wire molded, wear-resistant, and breathable shoe upper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the functional alloy wire is modified, and the modification treatment includes at least one of the following: coating with a polymer coating, plasma treatment, electroless plating, electroplating, and anodizing; the thickness of the polymer coating is 3μm-20μm.

11. The shape-woven, wear-resistant, and breathable shoe upper made of blended shape memory alloy wires according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional alloy wire and ordinary textile yarn adopt a composite yarn structure, and the composite yarn structure includes at least one of core-spun yarn, covered yarn, Siro yarn, compact yarn, slub yarn, and space-dyed yarn.

12. The shape-woven, wear-resistant, and breathable shoe upper made of shape memory alloy wire according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ordinary textile yarn is selected from at least one of synthetic fibers, natural fibers, regenerated fibers and their blended yarns; the synthetic fibers include at least one of polyester fibers, nylon fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyethylene fibers, spandex fibers, aramid fibers and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers; the natural fibers include at least one of cotton fibers, linen fibers, wool fibers and silk fibers; the regenerated fibers include at least one of viscose fibers, Tencel fibers, Modal fibers and bamboo fibers.

13. The shape-woven, wear-resistant, and breathable shoe upper made of blended shape memory alloy wires according to claim 1, characterized in that: The textile process includes knitting, weaving, and surface weaving; the knitting process includes at least one of fly knitting, weft knitting, warp knitting, cross knitting, and circular knitting; the weaving process includes at least one of plain weave, twill weave, satin weave, and jacquard weave; the surface weaving process is used to weave coarse-diameter shape memory alloy wires onto the surface of the shoe upper.

14. A method for preparing a shaped, wear-resistant, and breathable shoe upper made of blended shape memory alloy wires as described in any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Functional alloy wire pretreatment: The room temperature superelastic shape memory alloy wire is heat-treated at 380℃-500℃ for 20-120 minutes. The heat treatment includes at least one of vacuum annealing, inert gas protected annealing, and salt bath annealing. Then, the surface of the alloy wire is modified. The modification treatment includes at least one of polymer coating, plasma treatment, chemical plating, electroplating, and anodizing. Step S2: Composite yarn preparation: The functional alloy wire is made into a composite yarn by using at least one of the following processes: ring spinning, air-jet spinning, vortex spinning, Siro spinning, compact spinning, and cover spinning. The twist of the composite yarn is controlled to be 500 twists / meter to 1500 twists / meter. Step S3: Upper weaving: Using knitting, weaving or surface weaving techniques, composite yarns and ordinary textile yarns are mixed and woven in a preset gradient distribution ratio to form the upper body in one piece. Step S4: Shape memory shaping treatment: Place the woven shoe upper body onto the shaping mold and heat-set it at a temperature of 60℃-90℃ for 5 minutes to 40 minutes. After cooling to below 35℃, demold it. Step S5: Post-processing: Cut, edge-lock, sew, dye, print, waterproof, stain-resistant, antibacterial, and antistatic treatments are applied to the shaped shoe upper.

15. The method for preparing a shaped, wear-resistant, and breathable shoe upper made of blended shape memory alloy wires according to claim 14, characterized in that, In step S3, when it is necessary to weave a thick diameter shape memory alloy wire, the thick diameter shape memory alloy wire is threaded into an independent roving nozzle, and the wire is mixed with ordinary textile yarn and / or thin diameter shape memory alloy wire in a preset area under the control of a computer program to form a raised wear-resistant texture structure.

16. The method for preparing a shaped, wear-resistant, and breathable shoe upper made of blended shape memory alloy wires according to claim 14, characterized in that, In step S3, when intelligent temperature control and breathability are required, the temperature control shape memory alloy wire is threaded into an independent yarn nozzle and mixed with ordinary textile yarn in the breathable area by computer program control to form a deformable breathable hole structure.

17. The method for preparing a shaped, wear-resistant, and breathable shoe upper made of blended shape memory alloy wires according to claim 14, characterized in that, In step S4, the cooling method includes at least one of natural cooling, forced air cooling, and water cooling.

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