A gas-liquid separation structure for preventing erosion of feed of an initial distillation column of a conventional pressure reduction distillation

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of petroleum chemical equipment, and particularly relates to a gas-liquid separation structure for preventing erosion of feed of an initial distillation column of a crude oil distillation unit, which comprises a cyclone member located in the interior of a column body, an inlet of a cyclone space surrounded by the cyclone member is connected with a feed device arranged on the column body, and a gas-liquid mixture enters the cyclone space along a tangent line of the cyclone member through the feed device; a baffle member is arranged at a bottom region of the cyclone member, and the baffle member is connected with an output end of an expansion member located in a cavity of the cyclone member; a pressure adjusting member is arranged in the interior of the feed device, and the pressure adjusting member is used for adjusting a feed load entering the cyclone space through the feed device; when the feed load exceeds a processing load of the cyclone member, the pressure adjusting member pushes the baffle member to move upward through the expansion member, so that a flow separation zone is formed on a side of the baffle member opposite to the cyclone member, the excessive feed load is separated, the feed load is diffused to an outer region of the cyclone member, and the gas-liquid separation effect is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of petrochemical equipment technology, specifically to a gas-liquid separation structure for preventing erosion of the feed into an atmospheric and vacuum distillation primary distillation tower. Background Technology

[0002] In the oil refining industry, atmospheric and vacuum distillation units are the primary link in crude oil processing. Their operation directly affects the efficiency of subsequent processes and the quality of the final product. The primary distillation column plays a crucial role in the initial separation of pretreated crude oil. After heat exchange and heating, the crude oil enters the primary distillation column as a gas-liquid mixture. During this feeding process, the mixture usually has a high flow rate, and its flow state has a decisive influence on the initial separation effect in the column.

[0003] Currently, many fractionation towers, when faced with high-speed gas-liquid two-phase flow, struggle to efficiently achieve initial separation of the gas and liquid phases within the limited tower space and ensure their uniform distribution across the entire cross-section. Uneven gas distribution creates localized high-speed gas flow zones, leading to severe liquid entrainment—a large number of small liquid droplets are carried by the gas to the upper part of the tower, disrupting normal mass transfer in the rectification section. Simultaneously, incomplete liquid separation or poor liquid distribution can create liquid flow "short circuits," or allow a large number of air bubbles to enter the lower part of the tower, similarly reducing the efficiency of the stripping section. These problems caused by the feed section are often difficult to effectively mitigate in subsequent parts of the tower, resulting in decreased overall separation efficiency and compromised product yield and purity.

[0004] Chinese patent application No. 201621036891.7 discloses a dual-tangential circulating feed distributor. The inner cylinder has a redistribution collecting cylinder coaxially arranged on its inner side. The redistribution collecting cylinder is fixed to the inner cylinder by multiple anti-vortex baffles arranged vertically. The multiple anti-vortex baffles are arranged in a ring array with the axis of the inner cylinder as the center. The redistribution collecting cylinder is a streamlined cylinder with a large opening diameter at the top and bottom and a small diameter in the middle. Multiple airflow holes are evenly opened on the cylinder wall of the redistribution collecting cylinder. This device reduces the resistance of material flow, enhances the effect of uniform distribution, eliminates the vortex of rising airflow and reduces the entrainment of liquid droplets. The rising airflow is redistributed by the redistribution collecting cylinder and is more uniform, which enhances the gas-liquid separation effect.

[0005] While the baffles in the aforementioned design aid material distribution, they weaken the centrifugal gas-liquid separation effect and fail to provide effective liquid vaporization space or distribution facilities for rising gas and falling liquid, relying primarily on natural distribution within the feed section of the tower. Furthermore, due to the lack of effective support for the falling liquid, liquid-entrained gas frequently leaves the feed section rapidly under gravity, affecting the stable performance of the distributor and even the entire fractionation tower. Especially during feed conditions or load fluctuations, these structural defects amplify operational instability. Specifically: In practical applications, the feed load through the inlet is not constant. When the feed load is too high, the excessively high material flow rate will enhance the turbulent pulsation inside the fluid, thereby disrupting the normal centrifugal separation process. This causes particles that should be separated to fail to settle effectively and instead be carried away by the fluid and discharged from the overflow port, reducing separation efficiency. On the other hand, when the feed load is too low, the inlet flow rate is too low to form a sufficiently strong stable vortex and the necessary centrifugal force field inside the hydrocyclone. This makes it difficult for the centrifugal force on the particles to effectively throw them against the wall of the hydrocyclone, thus seriously affecting the separation efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a gas-liquid separation structure for preventing erosion of the feed in a primary distillation column of atmospheric and vacuum distillation, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a gas-liquid separation structure for preventing erosion of the feed in a primary distillation column of atmospheric and vacuum distillation, which is installed inside the column body. The gas-liquid separation structure includes: The inlet of the swirling space enclosed by the swirling element is connected to the feeding device installed on the tower body. The gas-liquid mixture enters the swirling space along the tangent of the swirling element through the feeding device. A pressure regulating component, located inside the feeding device, is used to regulate the feed load entering the vortex space through the feeding device; A baffle is located in the bottom region of the swirling element and is connected to the output end of a telescopic element located in the inner cavity of the swirling element. The telescopic element is connected to a pressure regulating element, which causes the telescopic element to gradually extend by supplying a medium into the telescopic element and pushes the baffle element upward. The pressure regulating component includes: The movable plate, which is rotatably installed inside the feeding device, is used to receive the feed load entering the vortex space through the feeding device; A receiving component, which serves as the inner cavity for connecting the feeding device and the cyclone component, and contains a movable component; The feed load entering the swirl space through the feeding device squeezes and pushes the movable plate. When the feed load exceeds the processing load of the swirl component, the movable plate pushes against the movable component, causing the medium in the inner cavity of the swirl component to drive the telescopic component to extend and push the baffle component upward, so that a diversion zone is generated on the side of the baffle component opposite to the swirl component, so as to divert the excessive feed load and diffuse the feed load to the outer area of ​​the swirl component.

[0008] Preferably, the swirling element is arranged in a tapering spiral shape, and its cross-section is an inverted frustum shape, and the width of the swirling space is greater than the diameter of the feed inlet of the fractionation tower.

[0009] Preferably, the deflector includes a main board, the main board being adapted to the tapering angle of the vortex member, and when the telescopic member is in a retracted state, the main board is in contact with the inner surface of the vortex member; The main board has a wedge-shaped part at one end facing the upper edge of the swirling element, and a bending part at the other end away from the upper edge of the swirling element. When the telescopic element is in an extended state, the gas-liquid mixture diffuses to the outer region of the swirling element through the bending part after entering the diversion zone between the main board and the swirling element.

[0010] Preferably, the lower edge region of the swirl element is provided with a fitting area corresponding to the deflector element, and the fitting area is provided with a fitting part corresponding to the wedge-shaped part; when the telescopic element is in a contracted state, the wedge-shaped part and the fitting part are fitted together, and the main board and the inner surface of the swirl element are on the same plane.

[0011] Preferably, the wedge-shaped portion on the motherboard is elastically configured.

[0012] Preferably, the telescopic component includes a mounting component disposed in the inner cavity of the swirl component, and a pushing component is provided inside the mounting component. One end of the pushing component is connected to the deflector, and the other end is connected to an elastic component disposed inside the mounting component. The bottom of the mounting component is provided with a through hole, and the internal space of the mounting component is connected to the inner cavity of the swirl component through the through hole.

[0013] Preferably, the feeding device includes a feeding pipe connected to the tower body, and the feeding pipe is connected to the swirling space enclosed by the swirling element through an expansion pipe.

[0014] Preferably, the movable plate is connected to the movable component via a connecting rod, and the two ends of the connecting rod are hinged to the movable plate and the movable component, respectively.

[0015] Preferably, a gas distributor is provided above the swirl element.

[0016] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: This invention, by incorporating a pressure regulating component and a baffle, can automatically adjust according to changes in the feed load. When the load is too high, the pressure regulating component drives the telescopic component to move the baffle upward, thereby forming a flow-dividing zone between the baffle and the vortex component. This guides and evenly diffuses the excessive feed load to the outside of the vortex component, effectively avoiding local erosion and a decrease in separation efficiency. Under low load conditions, the baffle is brought into contact with the vortex component to ensure the formation of a stable vortex. At the same time, the movable plate moves away from the receiving component to compress the gas-liquid mixture, thereby increasing the travel distance of the gas-liquid mixture into the vortex space. This allows the gas-liquid mixture to form a stable vortex field inside the vortex component, thus enabling effective gas-liquid separation. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the primary distillation column of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of the feed structure of the present invention inside the primary distillation tower; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the swirl element of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the baffle element of the present invention in the lifted state. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure regulating component of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the baffle and the swirl element as shown in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the baffle in the lifting state as shown in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0018] In the picture: 1. Tower body; 2. Feeding device; 201. Feed pipe; 202. Expanding pipe; 3. Gas distributor; 4. Swirl components; 5. Fitting area; 6. Baffle; 601. Wedge-shaped part; 602. Bending part; 7. Telescopic component; 701. Mounting component; 702. Through hole; 703. Pushing component; 8. Pressure regulating component; 801. Movable plate; 802. Receiving component; 803. Movable component; 9. Diversion area. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0020] Reference Figures 1 to 6 As shown, this embodiment provides a gas-liquid separation structure for preventing erosion of the feed in a primary distillation column of atmospheric and vacuum distillation, which is installed inside the column body 1. The gas-liquid separation structure includes a cyclone element 4, and the inlet of the cyclone space enclosed by the cyclone element 4 is connected to a feed device 2 installed on the column body 1. The gas-liquid mixture enters the cyclone space through the feed device 2 along the tangent of the cyclone element 4. Through this tangential entry method, the gas-liquid mixture is given rotational momentum in the cyclone space, thereby achieving preliminary gas-liquid separation under the action of centrifugal force.

[0021] The bottom region of the swirl member 4 is provided with a baffle 6, which is connected to the output end of the telescopic member 7 located in the inner cavity of the swirl member 4; The feeding device 2 uses a pressure regulating component 8 inside, which is used to regulate the feed load entering the vortex space through the feeding device 2; When the feed load exceeds the processing load of the cyclone 4, the pressure regulating member 8 pushes the baffle 6 upward through the telescopic member 7, so that the side of the baffle 6 opposite to the cyclone 4 generates a diversion zone 9 to divert the excessive feed load and diffuse the feed load to the outer area of ​​the cyclone 4.

[0022] Specifically, the swirl element 4 is arranged in a gradually narrowing spiral, and its cross-section is an inverted frustum shape. The width of the swirl space is greater than the diameter of the feed inlet of the fractionation tower. The tapered spiral configuration refers to the overall shape of the swirling element 4 or its internal flow channel exhibiting a gradually contracting spiral shape along the axial direction. After the gas-liquid mixture enters the swirling space, the tapered spiral swirling element 4 can continuously accelerate and form a stable swirling flow with gradually increasing intensity, thereby effectively improving the centrifugal separation efficiency.

[0023] The inverted frustum-shaped swirl element 4 can lift the mixed feed, providing ample time for gas-liquid separation and preventing the liquid from rapidly engulfing the gas and falling under gravity, thus ensuring the effectiveness of gas-liquid separation.

[0024] Specifically, the deflector 6 includes a main board, which is adapted to the tapering angle of the vortex member 4. When the telescopic member 7 is in the contracted state, the main board is in contact with the inner surface of the vortex member 4. The main board has a wedge-shaped part 601 at one end facing the upper edge of the swirl member 4, and a bending part 602 at the other end away from the upper edge of the swirl member 4. When the telescopic member 7 is in the extended state, the gas-liquid mixture diffuses to the outer region of the swirl member 4 through the bending part 602 after entering the diversion zone 9 between the main board and the swirl member 4.

[0025] The bending part 602 is a structure at the bottom of the main board that bends outward or downward. When the gas-liquid mixture enters the diversion zone 9 through the wedge part 601, the bending part 602 can effectively change its flow direction, guide it and diffuse it evenly to the outer area of ​​the swirl member 4, and avoid excessive material from concentrating and scouring specific parts of the swirl member 4, thereby effectively preventing local erosion and wear.

[0026] When the feed load exceeds the normal processing capacity of the cyclone separator 4, the telescopic member 7 extends, pushing the baffle member 6 upward, thus forming a diversion channel between the main board and the cyclone separator 4. Excess gas-liquid mixture enters the diversion zone 9 through the wedge-shaped part 601. Subsequently, under the guiding action of the bending part 602, its flow direction is changed and it is uniformly guided and diffused to the outer area of ​​the cyclone separator 4, avoiding concentrated impact of materials, reducing the local load on the cyclone separator 4, and ensuring that the diverted material can enter the tower body 1 in a more uniform manner, thereby maintaining the overall uniformity of gas-liquid distribution in the tower, preventing local erosion, and improving the stability and reliability of the entire gas-liquid separation structure.

[0027] Specifically, the telescopic component 7 includes a mounting component 701 disposed in the inner cavity of the vortex component 4. The mounting component 701 has a pusher 703 inside. One end of the pusher 703 is connected to the deflector 6, and the other end is connected to an elastic component disposed inside the mounting component 701. The bottom of the mounting component 701 is provided with a through hole 702, and the internal space of the mounting component 701 is connected to the inner cavity of the vortex component 4 through the through hole 702.

[0028] The mounting component 701 provides stable support and positioning for the entire telescopic component 7, effectively preventing displacement deviations caused by external interference. The direct connection between the jacking component 703 and the baffle 6 and elastic component enables efficient force transmission. Simultaneously, the elastic component provides necessary buffering and rebound force, allowing the jacking component 703 to flexibly expand and contract according to pressure changes, thus ensuring the smooth movement of the baffle 6. Furthermore, the through-hole 702 at the bottom of the mounting component 701 allows for dynamic balance between the internal space of the mounting component 701 and the medium pressure within the vortex component 4, effectively eliminating the resistance to movement caused by pressure differences. This ensures that the telescopic component 7 responds instantly to the pressure regulating component 8, preventing jamming or failure.

[0029] Specifically, the feeding device 2 includes a feeding pipe 201 connected to the tower body 1, and the feeding pipe 201 is connected to the swirling space enclosed by the swirling element 4 through the expansion pipe 202.

[0030] Specifically, the pressure regulating component 8 includes a receiving component 802, which is used to connect the inner cavity of the feeding device 2 and the swirl component 4. The receiving component 802 is provided with a movable component 803. When the movable component 803 moves along the axial direction of the receiving component 802, the medium located in the inner cavity of the swirl component 4 can cause the telescopic component 7 to extend or retract.

[0031] The expansion tube 202 has a rotating movable plate 801 inside, which is used to receive the feed load that enters the vortex space through the feeding device 2.

[0032] When the feed load exceeds the processing capacity of the cyclone separator 4, the rotation of the movable plate 801 causes the movable part 803 to push the telescopic part 7, which in turn pushes the baffle 6 upward, forming the diversion zone 9 in time. This diffuses the excessive feed load to the outer area of ​​the cyclone separator 4, avoiding erosion of the cyclone separator 4 and a decrease in separation efficiency. Conversely, when the feed load is too low, the rotation of the movable plate 801 causes the movable part 803 to drive the telescopic part 7 to contract, making the baffle 6 fit against the inner surface of the cyclone separator 4. This ensures that the material forms a stable cyclone of sufficient strength within the cyclone separator 4, maintaining efficient gas-liquid separation.

[0033] It should be noted that the movable plate 801 is connected to the movable part 803 via a connecting rod, and the two ends of the connecting rod are hinged to the movable plate 801 and the movable part 803 respectively.

[0034] Specifically, a gas distributor 3 is provided above the swirl element 4.

[0035] After the gas-liquid mixture undergoes preliminary gas-liquid separation through the swirl element 4, the gas distributor 3 performs secondary homogenization on the rising gas. This effectively solves the problem of uneven gas distribution, avoids the formation of local high-speed airflow zones, and thus significantly reduces the risk of liquid droplets being entrained to the upper part of the tower body 1.

[0036] Specifically, in the atmospheric and vacuum distillation primary column, the pretreated crude oil enters the column body 1 in the form of a gas-liquid mixture. When faced with fluctuations in the feed load, the traditional feed structure often suffers from problems such as decreased gas-liquid separation efficiency, liquid entrainment of gas, or uneven gas distribution. In particular, when the feed load is too high, the high-speed material flow will intensify turbulence, resulting in impaired centrifugal separation effect, and particulate matter will be carried out, thereby affecting the normal operation of the subsequent rectification section.

[0037] This embodiment proposes a gas-liquid separation structure for preventing erosion of the feed in a primary distillation column of atmospheric and vacuum distillation. It includes a column body 1, inside which a swirling element 4 is installed. The inlet of the swirling space enclosed by the swirling element 4 is connected to a feed device 2 on the column body 1. The gas-liquid mixture enters the swirling space through the feed device 2 along the tangential direction of the swirling element 4, thereby forming a stable swirling field inside the swirling element 4. Preliminary gas-liquid separation is achieved using centrifugal force. The swirling element 4 is arranged in a gradually contracting spiral configuration, with a cross-section resembling an inverted frustum. The width of the swirling space is greater than the diameter of the feed inlet of the distillation column, which helps to form a more stable swirling flow and provides sufficient space and time for gas-liquid separation.

[0038] At the bottom region of the cyclone 4, a baffle 6 is provided, which is connected to the output end of the telescopic member 7 located in the inner cavity of the cyclone 4. The baffle 6 includes a main board, the contraction angle of which is adapted to the contraction angle of the cyclone 4. When the telescopic member 7 is in the contracted state, the main board is tightly attached to the inner surface of the cyclone 4, and the gas-liquid mixture undergoes normal centrifugal separation in the cyclone 4.

[0039] Meanwhile, the feeding device 2 is equipped with a pressure regulating component 8 to regulate the feed load entering the vortex space through the feeding device 2. The feeding device 2 includes a feed pipe 201 connected to the tower body 1. The feed pipe 201 is connected to the vortex space enclosed by the vortex member 4 through an expansion pipe 202. The pressure regulating component 8 includes a receiving component 802 for connecting the inner cavity of the feeding device 2 and the vortex member 4. A movable component 803 is provided inside the receiving component 802. When the movable component 803 moves along the axial direction of the receiving component 802, the medium in the inner cavity of the vortex member 4 can cause the telescopic component 7 to extend or retract. The pressure regulating component 8 also includes a movable plate 801, which is rotatably disposed inside the feeding device 2 to receive the feed load entering the vortex space through the feeding device 2. The movable plate 801 is connected to the movable component 803 through a connecting rod. The two ends of the connecting rod are hinged to the movable plate 801 and the movable component 803, respectively.

[0040] When the feed load of tower body 1 exceeds the processing load of cyclone element 4 by a small margin, the movable plate 801, pushed by a spring located inside the receiving element 802 and connected to the movable element 803, moves away from the receiving element 802, thereby reducing the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the gas-liquid mixture through the expansion pipe 202. (See details...) Figure 6As shown, by reducing the local flow cross-sectional area, the tangential flow velocity of the gas-liquid mixture entering the swirling space is forcibly maintained under low load conditions. This ensures that even with insufficient feed, the gas-liquid mixture can still form a sufficiently strong swirling field and necessary centrifugal force after entering the swirling space, guaranteeing effective gas-liquid separation. This avoids situations where the load on the gas-liquid mixture entering the swirling space is too small, making it difficult for the gas-liquid mixture to form a sufficiently strong stable swirling flow and necessary centrifugal force field inside the swirling space, thus severely affecting the gas-liquid separation efficiency.

[0041] When the feed load of tower body 1 exceeds the processing load of cyclone 4, the crude oil feed rate suddenly increases, causing the pressure inside the feed device 2 to rise. At this time, the movable plate 801 in the pressure regulating component 8 will deflect due to the increase in feed load. The movable plate 801 drives the movable component 803 to move axially along the receiving component 802 via the connecting rod, that is, the movable component 803 moves away from the feed device 2. Since the receiving component 802 is in communication with the inner cavity of cyclone 4, when the movable component 803 moves away from the feed device 2, it will squeeze the medium in the inner cavity of cyclone 4. At the same time, since the mounting component 701 is connected to the inner cavity of cyclone 4, specifically as follows... Figure 4 As shown, when the movable part 803 squeezes the medium in the inner cavity of the swirling part 4, the medium enters the interior of the mounting part 701 through the through hole 702 and pushes the pusher 703 so that the pusher 703 overcomes the resistance of the elastic part and pushes the baffle 6 upward.

[0042] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the movable part 803 includes a piston. The gas-liquid mixture pushes the movable plate 801 to move towards the receiving part 802. When the movable plate 801 moves, it pushes the movable part 803 to move into the inner cavity of the swirling part 4 through the connecting rod, so as to squeeze the medium in the inner cavity of the swirling part 4 into the telescopic part 7, so that the pushing part 703 overcomes the resistance of the elastic part and pushes the baffle 6 to move upward. The medium in the inner cavity of the swirling part 4 includes high-temperature heat-conducting oil.

[0043] Because the swirl element 4 is arranged in a tapering spiral shape, its cross-section is an inverted frustum shape. Therefore, when the baffle element 6 moves upward, a flow splitting zone 9 is generated on the side opposite to the swirl element 4 (specifically as shown in the figure). Figure 5 As shown, after excessive gas-liquid mixture enters the diversion zone 9 between the main board and the cyclone 4, it diffuses to the outer region of the cyclone 4 through the bend 602 on the main board, forming a secondary annular gap separation zone on the outer side of the cyclone 4. This guides the excess material exceeding the processing capacity of the cyclone 4 to the outside of the cyclone. After the excess material is guided to the outside of the cyclone 4, it diffuses and separates under its own centrifugal force, avoiding excessive high-speed impact of the overloaded material inside the cyclone 4, which would cause flow field turbulence. This ensures that even with excessive feed, effective gas-liquid separation can still be achieved, maintaining the stability of the overall separation efficiency.

[0044] It should be noted that in this embodiment, as the baffle plate rises, the distance between the bending part 602 and the lower edge of the swirl element 4 gradually decreases. That is, the greater the load, the smaller the distance between the bending part 602 and the lower edge of the swirl element 4, thereby narrowing the flow cross section of the diversion zone 9. Under the premise of increased feed load, this narrowed area can maintain the outflow velocity of the diverted material, so that the outflowed gas-liquid mixture maintains a certain initial velocity when falling along the wall of the swirl element 4. At the same time, the outward inclined structural design of the bending part 602 makes the gradually narrowing guide channel formed by the bending part 602 and the lower edge of the swirl element 4 play a role in forcibly smoothing the flow of the material flowing out of the diversion zone 9, limiting the disordered upward back-mixing of the outflowing airflow, reducing the secondary entrainment of the falling droplets by the rising airflow, and thus ensuring the separation accuracy.

[0045] In addition, a gas distributor 3 is provided above the cyclone separator 4; the gas after initial separation by the cyclone separator 4 will be further evenly distributed through the gas distributor 3 to avoid local high-speed airflow zones, reduce liquid entrainment, and ensure uniform distribution of the gas and liquid phases in the column, thereby improving the mass transfer efficiency and separation effect of the entire primary distillation column. Example 2

[0046] Although the above embodiments can adjust the state of the baffle 6 according to the feed load, the baffle plate can easily disrupt the flow state of the gas-liquid mixture after it enters the swirling space under normal conditions, resulting in a decrease in gas-liquid separation efficiency. Therefore, a technical improvement is made based on Embodiment 1, and the improved technical solution is as follows: Reference Figures 1 to 8 As shown, this embodiment provides a gas-liquid separation structure for preventing erosion of the feed of the atmospheric and vacuum distillation primary distillation column. It includes a contact area 5 corresponding to the baffle 6 on the lower edge of the swirl member 4. The contact area 5 is provided with a contact part corresponding to the wedge 601. When the telescopic member 7 is in the contracted state, the wedge 601 is in contact with the contact part, and the main board and the inner surface of the swirl member 4 are on the same plane.

[0047] Specifically, the lower edge of the swirl element 4 is provided with a fitting area 5 corresponding to the baffle element 6. The fitting area 5 refers to a specific area on the inner wall surface of the swirl element 4 near its lower edge, which is specially designed to achieve a tight fit with the baffle element 6. Its function is to provide a precise positioning and support surface for the baffle element 6, ensuring that the baffle element 6 can form a seamless or tightly fitting interface with the swirl element 4 when the telescopic element 7 retracts. The fitting area 5 can be designed as part of the inner wall surface of the swirl element 4, and through precise processing technology, its surface flatness, dimensional accuracy and geometry are highly matched with the corresponding part of the baffle element 6.

[0048] The bonding area 5 is provided with a bonding part corresponding to the wedge-shaped part 601. The bonding part is one or more structures provided on the bonding area 5, which match the wedge-shaped part 601 on the baffle 6. When the telescopic part 7 retracts, it achieves tight fixation through the wedge fit, further eliminating gaps and ensuring the smooth continuity between the main board and the inner surface of the vortex part 4. The bonding part can be designed as a groove or protrusion on the inner wall of the bonding area 5, and its geometry is complementary to the wedge-shaped part 601.

[0049] Furthermore, when the telescopic member 7 is in the retracted state, the wedge-shaped portion 601 on the baffle 6 is in contact with the contact portion on the contact area 5 of the vortex member 4. The retraction of the telescopic member 7 usually corresponds to the system being in a normal or low-load operating state, at which time there is no need for flow diversion. At this time, the contact between the wedge-shaped portion 601 and the contact portion ensures that the main board of the baffle 6 can be accurately and stably positioned and form a continuous and smooth flow channel with the inner surface of the vortex member 4.

[0050] Ultimately, the inner surfaces of the main board and the swirl element 4 are on the same plane. That is, when the telescopic element 7 contracts and the wedge-shaped part 601 fits into the mating part, the main board of the baffle 6 and the inner wall of the swirl element 4 form a continuous, smooth surface without steps. This eliminates abrupt changes and dead zones in the flow channel, reduces fluid resistance, avoids the generation of turbulence and eddies, thereby optimizing the flow state of the gas-liquid mixture, improving gas-liquid separation efficiency, and preventing erosion.

[0051] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the wedge-shaped portion 601 on the motherboard is configured as an elastic structure, which includes a metal spring.

[0052] When the telescopic member 7 pushes the baffle member 6 upward, the wedge-shaped part 601 can deform appropriately according to the actual contact pressure and contact surface. Specifically, when the feed load exceeds the processing load of the cyclone member 4, the pressure regulating member 8 pushes the baffle member 6 upward through the telescopic member 7, so that the side of the baffle member 6 opposite to the cyclone member 4 produces a diversion zone 9. When the elastic wedge-shaped part 601 is impacted by the feed load, it can deform, so that the gap between the wedge-shaped part 601 and the fitting part increases appropriately when impacted. This guides the excessive feed load to enter the diversion zone 9 more smoothly and evenly, and diffuses to the outer area of ​​the cyclone member 4 through the bending part 602. While enhancing the stability and reliability of the entire gas-liquid separation structure when handling fluctuating loads, it also optimizes the diversion effect, avoids the erosion of the cyclone member 4 by local high flow velocity, and ensures the long-term efficient operation of the primary distillation tower feed anti-erosion gas-liquid separation structure.

[0053] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0054] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A gas-liquid separation structure for preventing erosion of the feed in a primary distillation column of atmospheric and vacuum distillation, wherein it is disposed within the column body (1), characterized in that, The gas-liquid separation structure includes: The inlet of the swirling space enclosed by the swirling element (4) is connected to the feeding device (2) set on the tower body (1). The gas-liquid mixture enters the swirling space along the tangent of the swirling element (4) through the feeding device (2). Pressure regulating component (8), which is located inside the feeding device (2), is used to regulate the feed load entering the vortex space through the feeding device (2); The baffle (6) is located in the bottom region of the swirling element (4) and is connected to the output end of the telescopic element (7) located in the inner cavity of the swirling element (4). The telescopic element (7) is connected to the pressure regulating element (8). The pressure regulating element (8) delivers a medium into the telescopic element (7) so that the telescopic element (7) gradually elongates and pushes the baffle (6) upward. The pressure regulating element (8) includes: The movable plate (801) is rotatably installed inside the feeding device (2) to receive the feed load entering the vortex space through the feeding device (2); The receiving part (802) is used to connect the inner cavity of the feeding device (2) and the swirl member (4), and the moving part (803) is provided inside it. The feed load entering the swirling space through the feeding device (2) squeezes and pushes the movable plate (801). When the feed load exceeds the processing load of the swirling component (4), the movable plate (801) pushes against the movable component (803) so that the medium in the inner cavity of the swirling component (4) drives the telescopic component (7) to extend and push the baffle (6) to move upward so that the side of the baffle (6) opposite to the swirling component (4) generates a diversion zone (9) to divert the excessive feed load and diffuse the feed load to the outer area of ​​the swirling component (4).

2. The gas-liquid separation structure for erosion prevention of feed in the atmospheric and vacuum distillation primary column according to claim 1, characterized in that, The swirling element (4) is arranged in a gradually narrowing spiral, and its cross-section is an inverted frustum shape. The width of the swirling space is greater than the diameter of the feed inlet of the fractionation tower.

3. The gas-liquid separation structure for erosion prevention of feed in the atmospheric and vacuum distillation primary column according to claim 2, characterized in that, The deflector (6) includes a main board, which is adapted to the tapering angle of the vortex member (4). When the telescopic member (7) is in a contracted state, the main board is in contact with the inner surface of the vortex member (4). The main board is provided with a wedge-shaped part (601) at one end facing the upper edge region of the swirling element (4), and a bending part (602) at the other end of the main board away from the upper edge region of the swirling element (4). When the telescopic element (7) is in the extended state, the gas-liquid mixture diffuses to the outer region of the swirling element (4) after entering the diversion zone (9) between the main board and the swirling element (4) through the bending part (602).

4. The gas-liquid separation structure for erosion prevention of feed in the atmospheric and vacuum distillation primary column according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lower edge region of the swirl member (4) is provided with a fitting area (5) corresponding to the baffle member (6), and the fitting area (5) is provided with a fitting part corresponding to the wedge part (601); when the telescopic member (7) is in a contracted state, the wedge part (601) fits with the fitting part, and the main board and the inner surface of the swirl member (4) are on the same plane.

5. The gas-liquid separation structure for erosion prevention of feed in the atmospheric and vacuum distillation primary column according to claim 4, characterized in that, The wedge-shaped portion (601) on the motherboard is elastically set.

6. The gas-liquid separation structure for erosion prevention of feed in the atmospheric and vacuum distillation primary column according to claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic component (7) includes a mounting component (701) disposed in the inner cavity of the vortex component (4). The mounting component (701) is provided with a pusher (703) inside. One end of the pusher (703) is connected to the deflector (6), and the other end is connected to an elastic component disposed inside the mounting component (701). The bottom of the mounting component (701) is provided with a through hole (702), and the internal space of the mounting component (701) is connected to the inner cavity of the vortex component (4) through the through hole (702).

7. The gas-liquid separation structure for erosion prevention of feed in the atmospheric and vacuum distillation primary column according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding device (2) includes a feeding pipe (201) connected to the tower body (1), and the feeding pipe (201) is connected to the swirling space enclosed by the swirling element (4) through the expansion pipe (202).

8. The gas-liquid separation structure for erosion prevention of feed in the atmospheric and vacuum distillation primary column according to claim 1, characterized in that, The movable plate (801) is connected to the movable component (803) via a connecting rod, and the two ends of the connecting rod are respectively hinged to the movable plate (801) and the movable component (803).

9. The gas-liquid separation structure for erosion prevention of feed in the atmospheric and vacuum distillation primary column according to claim 1, characterized in that, A gas distributor (3) is provided above the swirling element (4).

Images