A shredder

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of pulverizer, including crushing chamber and feed hopper that can be reversibly covered on crushing chamber, crushing chamber inside is provided with pulverizing cutter, the inside of pulverizing cutter is installed with main shaft, main shaft rotor inhibitor safety device is arranged on the side wall of one side of crushing chamber, main shaft rotor inhibitor safety device includes brake lever, first connecting rod and second connecting rod, brake lever and first connecting rod are rotatably installed on the side wall of crushing chamber, and be provided with elastic reset piece for assisting brake lever automatic reset, rolling pressure roller is installed on the upper end of brake lever, curved portion that cooperates with the outer wall of main shaft is arranged on the lower end of brake lever, second connecting rod is rotatably connected in the middle part of brake lever, second connecting rod and first connecting rod are rotatably connected by damping structure, power box for driving main shaft rotation is installed on the other side of crushing chamber.The present application relies on the opening and closing linkage of feed hopper to realize cover locking, so that pulverizing cutter completely stops rotating, and the risk of blade rotation injury is avoided from structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pulverizer technology, and in particular to a pulverizer. Background Technology

[0002] Crusher is a core material processing equipment in fields such as rubber and plastic recycling, plastic granulation, waste crushing, ore processing, grain crushing, and industrial solid waste treatment. It relies on the main shaft to drive the crushing blades to rotate at high speed, and to impact, shear, and crush various raw materials. The qualified fine materials after crushing are screened by the bottom screen and fall into the collection box for centralized collection. Due to its high-efficiency crushing performance, it has been widely used in various industries.

[0003] Currently, the safety protection structure design of traditional crushers has significant flaws and can no longer meet industry standards. Multiple high-risk safety hazards exist during equipment operation and maintenance, making it a core piece of equipment with a high incidence of workplace accidents. According to the latest mandatory industry standards, the crushing chamber of a crusher must have high-strength stress-bearing capacity to withstand the impact stress generated during normal equipment operation and blade breakage or loosening. Simultaneously, a compliant safety protection structure must be configured for the opening of the crushing chamber. Safety protection can be achieved through safety distance protection, dedicated protective devices, and interlocking protective devices with protective locks. Specifically, for protection of those entering the crushing chamber through the opening, the following regulations apply: interlocking protective devices without protective locks must be used; the positioning of the interlocking protective device, considering no material and maximum speed, must comply with Chapter 9 of GB / T19876—2012 "Positioning of Safety Protective Devices Related to the Approach Speed ​​of Human Body Parts in Mechanical Safety"; the interlocking function of safety-related components of the control system must comply with the requirement PLr=d; and the protective dimensions of the crushing chamber opening must conform to the standard provisions in Table 4 of GB / T 23821-2022 "Safety Distances for Preventing Upper and Lower Limbs from Touching Dangerous Areas in Mechanical Safety".

[0004] Regarding rotor inertia protection for crushers, the latest industry standards explicitly require that the inertial torque generated by the high-speed rotation of the crusher rotor poses a significant risk of injury. During component disassembly, blade loosening for maintenance, and equipment upkeep, rotor imbalance or accidental rotation can lead to safety accidents. Furthermore, the rotor suppressor must intervene and take effect before the crushing chamber opening is opened to the point where the rotor is accessible, completely locking the rotor from rotation. The standards also strictly limit the start-stop logic of the rotor suppressor: the restriction can only be lifted through continuous operator control, or the equipment can only be started after the crushing chamber is closed. Moreover, the restriction release device must be activated by a designated operator to eliminate the risk of accidental rotor rotation from a control logic perspective.

[0005] However, most existing traditional crushers lack dedicated rotor suppression safety structures and rely solely on power-off shutdown for passive shutdown. In actual production, material blockage is the most common malfunction of crushers. To improve efficiency, operators often open the feed hopper for cleaning and maintenance even after power is off, while the main shaft and crushing blades are still rotating at high speed. The high-speed rotating sharp blades can easily cause serious work-related injuries such as cuts, punctures, impacts, and entanglements. Even after the main shaft stops naturally, accidental contact with the blades while cleaning the crushing chamber or maintaining the blades can still cause them to rotate passively, leading to secondary injuries. Currently, there are multiple crusher operation safety accidents in the industry every year, highlighting the significant shortcomings in equipment safety protection.

[0006] In summary, existing traditional crushers generally suffer from numerous defects. They not only fail to meet the latest national mechanical safety regulations and safety production acceptance standards, but also easily lead to various work-related accidents and production losses. Furthermore, they suffer from high equipment failure rates, high maintenance costs, and poor production continuity. Given these shortcomings of existing technologies, there is an urgent need to develop a safer crusher to address the safety deficiencies and structural defects of traditional equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a crusher that relies on the linkage of opening and closing of the feed hopper to achieve the locking of the cover, so that the crushing blades can be completely stopped, thus structurally avoiding the risk of injury from rotating blades; at the same time, it adopts a dual protection structure of primary electrical unlocking and secondary mechanical unlocking to further improve the safety protection level of the equipment.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: A crusher is provided, including a crushing chamber and a feed hopper that can be flipped and covered on the crushing chamber. The crushing chamber is equipped with crushing blades for crushing materials. A main shaft is installed inside the crushing blades, and both ends of the main shaft penetrate the side walls on both sides of the crushing chamber. A main shaft rotor suppressor safety device is provided on one side wall of the crushing chamber. This main shaft rotor suppressor safety device includes a brake rod, a first connecting rod, and a second connecting rod. The brake rod and the first connecting rod are rotatably mounted on the side wall of the crushing chamber, and are configured with auxiliary braking mechanisms. The system includes a resilient reset component with a rolling pressure roller mounted on the upper end of the brake lever, a curved portion at the lower end of the brake lever that mates with the outer wall of the main shaft, a second connecting rod rotatably connected to the middle of the brake lever, and a damping structure rotatably connecting the second connecting rod to the first connecting rod. A counterweight wheel is mounted on the main shaft outside the main shaft rotor suppressor safety device. The damping structure presses against the wheel surface of the counterweight wheel as the first and second connecting rods move, thus frictionally slowing down the main shaft. A power box for driving the main shaft is mounted on the other side of the crushing chamber. A safety interlock device is provided between the feed hopper and the crushing chamber.

[0009] As a supplement to the technical solution described in this invention, the inner side of the curved portion is uniformly arranged with stop teeth, and the outer side wall of the main shaft is provided with teeth that cooperate with the stop teeth.

[0010] As a supplement to the technical solution described in this invention, the safety interlock device includes a primary unlocking device and a secondary unlocking device. The primary unlocking device includes a safety switch, a protective cover, and a key insert. The safety switch is fixed on the crushing chamber, and the protective cover is rotatably mounted on the feed hopper. A key insert that cooperates with the safety switch is provided on the side of the protective cover. The safety switch is used to output a start / stop control signal according to the open / closed state of the protective cover. When the protective cover is open, the safety switch cuts off the control circuit of the crushing blade and causes the crushing blade to lose power and stop rotating. The secondary unlocking device is located in the inner area of ​​the protective cover.

[0011] As a supplement to the technical solution described in this invention, the secondary unlocking device includes a locking rod, a locking nut, and a locking block. The locking rod is rotatably mounted on the crushing chamber. The locking block is fixedly mounted on the feed hopper. The locking block has a slit for the locking rod to be inserted into. Limiting protrusions are provided on both sides of the upper end of the locking block at the slit. The locking rod is engaged in the slit. A locking nut is screwed onto the upper part of the locking rod.

[0012] As a supplement to the technical solution described in this invention, a limiting screw is screwed onto the side of the upper end of the locking rod. The limiting screw is arranged perpendicularly to the locking rod and is located above the locking nut.

[0013] As a supplement to the technical solution described in this invention, a locking ball is also provided between the crushing chamber and the protective cover to prevent loosening.

[0014] As a supplement to the technical solution described in this invention, it also includes a screen frame that can be flipped to cover the bottom of the crushing chamber and a collection box disposed below the screen frame. The screen frame consists of a screen and a screen frame body disposed at the front end of the screen. At least one locking device is provided between the screen frame body and the front end of the crushing chamber. A base is installed at the bottom of the crushing chamber, and a pull-out collection box is installed inside the base. A position detection element for collecting the installation position signal of the collection box is provided on the rear side of the inner cavity of the base. A locking device is provided between the front end of the collection box and the base.

[0015] As a supplement to the technical solution described in this invention, the locking device includes a second locking rod, a second locking nut, and a second locking block. The second locking rod is rotatably mounted on the main body of the screen frame. The second locking block is fixedly installed at the front end of the crushing chamber. The second locking block has a second slit for the second locking rod to be inserted into. The second locking rod is engaged in the second slit. The second locking nut is screwed onto the upper part of the second locking rod.

[0016] As a supplement to the technical solution described in this invention, the locking device includes a locking seat, a movable seat, and a locking plate. The locking seat is fixedly installed at the front end of the collection box. The locking seat is provided with a hook that protrudes outward and bends upward. One end of the locking plate is snapped into the hook, and the other end of the locking plate has a through hole along its length. The movable seat is fixedly installed at the front end of the base, and the movable seat is provided with a limiting pin that is inserted into the through hole.

[0017] As a supplement to the technical solution described in this invention, the main body of the screen frame is provided with a viewing window, which is used to observe the condition of the collection box and the screen.

[0018] Beneficial effects: This invention relates to a pulverizer, which has the following advantages: 1. When the feed hopper is opened, the brake lever locks the main shaft simultaneously, causing the crushing blades to stop completely. This structurally eliminates the safety hazard of blade rotation causing injury to operators during material cleaning and maintenance. The toothed meshing structure provides stable locking and reduces the brake failure rate. Combined with a damping structure and a counterweight wheel to reduce speed, the risk of tooth breakage is reduced. 2. The elastic reset component adopts a double-point opening and hanging structure to prevent the elastic reset component from moving and falling off; the outer fully enclosed protective box isolates dust and debris, so that the main spindle rotor suppressor safety device is not disturbed by powder, reducing the failure rate of the main spindle rotor suppressor safety device and ensuring continuous operation of the production line. 3. Using the bearing cover as the integrated installation standard, new crushers can be pre-installed with the matching parts. Old single-shaft and double-shaft crushers do not need to be modified by drilling holes in the crushing shell. The entire mechanism can be directly added to the original bearing cover to complete the transformation, shortening the transformation time and significantly reducing the cost of equipment upgrade and transformation. 4. The innovative dual structure of primary electrical unlocking combined with secondary mechanical unlocking significantly improves the level of safety protection and completely eliminates safety hazards; the secondary unlocking device is hidden inside the protective cover, and the mechanical unlocking cannot be operated if the protective cover is not opened, thus completely avoiding accidental opening of the cover or accidental start-up of the machine; the mechanical locking of the secondary unlocking device ensures that the feed hopper and the crushing chamber fit tightly, improving the sealing and protection effect and meeting the dust-free operation requirements of the crusher. 5. When the collection box is not installed in place, the electrical interlock mechanism directly locks the main unit to prevent the accident of material spraying causing injury. The whole machine complies with the national safety production standards for crushing equipment, which greatly reduces hidden expenses such as work injury compensation and production stoppage for rectification. The mechanical sequential linkage is used to ensure safety. The collection box must be unlocked and pulled out before the screen frame can be opened, which prevents the screen from being opened and spraying material when the equipment is running. 6. A locking device is installed between the collection box and the base to keep the collection box in place, greatly improving safety. The locking device is also easy to operate and highly practical. The locking device is reliable and is not prone to failure under high-frequency vibration of the equipment. The front-mounted visual observation window allows for non-stop inspection of the screen, reducing the frequency of downtime for maintenance. The four corner pulleys greatly reduce the labor intensity of unloading, allowing a single person to pull out a fully loaded collection box, saving labor and auxiliary time. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the protective box of the present invention after it is opened and in conjunction with the counterweight wheel; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the activated state of the main shaft rotor suppressor safety device after the feed hopper of the present invention is opened; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the failure state of the main shaft rotor suppressor safety device after the feed hopper of the present invention is closed; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the main shaft rotor suppressor safety device described in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention after the first-level unlocking device is opened; Figure 6 This is the present invention. Figure 5 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the secondary unlocking device described in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention after opening the primary unlocking device, the secondary unlocking device, and the feed hopper; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 10 This invention is relative to Figure 9 Schematic diagrams of the structure from different angles; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention, showing the screen frame being closed after the material collection box is removed; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention, showing the opening of the screen frame after the material collection box is pulled out; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the locking device described in this invention; Figure 14This is a schematic diagram of the locking device described in this invention.

[0020] Diagram: 1. Feed hopper; 2. Crushing chamber; 3. Crushing blades; 4. Main shaft; 5. Main shaft rotor suppressor safety device; 6. Bearing; 7. Counterweight wheel; 8. Brake lever; 9. First connecting rod; 10. Second connecting rod; 11. Elastic reset element; 12. Bending section; 13. Stop tooth; 14. Rolling pressure roller; 15. Hinge frame; 16. Damping structure; 17. Bending section; 18. Bending plate; 19. Assembly hole; 20. Bearing cover; 21. Protective box; 22. Notch; 23. Safety interlock device; 24. Safety switch; 25. Protective cover; 26. Key insert; 27. Secondary unlocking device; 28. Locking rod one; 29. ​​Limit screw one; 30. Locking nut one; 31. Hinge; 32. Locking block one; 33. 34. Limiting protrusion, 35. Washer 1, 36. Connecting seat 1, 37. Rotating shaft, 38. C-shaped retaining ring, 39. Opening, 40. Anti-loosening ball lock, 41. Power box, 42. Collection box, 43. Screen frame, 44. Locking device, 45. Locking device, 46. Base, 47. Pull ring, 48. Position detection element, 49. Pulley, 50. Screen, 51. Screen frame body, 52. Locking rod 2, 53. Locking nut 2, 54. Locking block 2, 55. Second section, 56. Connecting seat 2, 57. Washer 2, 58. Lock seat, 59. Movable seat, 60. Locking plate, 61. Through hole, 62. Hook, 63. Operating part, 64. Support part, 65. Limiting pin, 66. Visual observation window. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that after reading the teachings of this invention, those skilled in the art can make various alterations or modifications to the invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

[0022] Embodiments of the present invention relate to a pulverizer, such as... Figure 1-14As shown, the device includes a crushing chamber 2 and a feed hopper 1 that can be flipped and closed onto the crushing chamber 2. The crushing chamber 2 is equipped with crushing blades 3 for crushing materials. A main shaft 4 is installed inside the crushing blades 3. Both ends of the main shaft 4 penetrate the side walls of both sides of the crushing chamber 2. A main shaft rotor suppressor safety device 5 is installed on one side wall of the crushing chamber 2. The main shaft rotor suppressor safety device 5 includes a brake lever 8, a first connecting rod 9, and a second connecting rod 10. The brake lever 8 and the first connecting rod 9 are rotatably mounted on the side wall of the crushing chamber 2, and an elastic reset mechanism is provided to assist the automatic reset of the brake lever 8. Component 11, the upper end of the brake lever 8 is equipped with a rolling pressure roller 14, the lower end of the brake lever 8 is provided with a curved part 12 that cooperates with the outer wall of the main shaft 4, the middle part of the brake lever 8 is rotatably connected to a second connecting rod 10, the second connecting rod 10 is rotatably connected to the first connecting rod 9 through a damping structure 16, a counterweight wheel 7 is installed on the main shaft 4 outside the main shaft rotor suppressor safety device 5, the damping structure 16 can press against the wheel surface of the counterweight wheel 7 with the movement of the first connecting rod 9 and the second connecting rod 10, and perform frictional deceleration on the main shaft 4, the other side of the crushing chamber 2 is equipped with a power box 41 that drives the main shaft 4 to rotate.

[0023] The power box 41 includes a box body, a motor, a belt, and two pulleys. The motor is fixedly installed inside the box body, and a pulley is installed on the output shaft of the motor. A pulley is also installed at the end of the main shaft 4. The two pulleys are connected by belt drive.

[0024] like Figure 3 As shown, when the feed hopper 1 is closed and the main shaft rotor suppressor safety device 5 is in a disabled state, the lower port of the feed hopper 1 presses down the rolling pressure roller 14 and the upper end of the brake rod 8. Through the transmission of the first connecting rod 9 and the second connecting rod 10, the bent part 12 at the lower end of the brake rod 8 is lifted and the bent part 12 is disengaged from the main shaft. At this time, the main shaft 4 is unrestrained, the crusher works normally, and the motor drives the crushing blade 3 to rotate and crush the material.

[0025] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the upward-flipping feed hopper 1 opens, the rolling pressure roller 14 loses the downward pressure load on the lower port of the feed hopper 1, the main shaft rotor suppressor safety device 5 is activated, the elastic reset member 11 pulls the brake rod 8 to swing around the hinge point, firstly the damping structure 16 at the connection between the first link 9 and the second link 10 presses down on the counterweight wheel 7 and decelerates the counterweight wheel 7. After the counterweight wheel 7 slows down, it is then transmitted through the first link 9 and the second link 10, so that the bent part 12 at the lower end of the brake rod 8 hugs the main shaft 4, and the main shaft 4 is in a stopped and locked state, realizing the automatic activation of the rotor suppression function when the cover is opened, without manual intervention, and meeting safety specifications; at this time, the operator can safely open the feed to clear the blockage and repair the blades, and can avoid the crushing blade 3 rotating and cutting the operator during the repair process.

[0026] The complete set of main shaft rotor suppressor safety device 5 is installed on one side and is compatible with various crushers with shafts at both ends. It can be used for pre-installation on new models and for retrofitting old equipment.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the curved portion 12, the inner side of the curved portion 12 is evenly arranged with stop teeth 13, and the outer side wall of the main shaft 4 is provided with teeth that cooperate with the stop teeth 13; the teeth are locked by meshing, and compared with friction braking, there is no slippage problem in the tooth meshing; the evenly arranged stop teeth 13 are evenly stressed at multiple points, the locking force is dispersed, the force on a single tooth is small, and it is not easy for the teeth to break.

[0028] As a further explanation of the main spindle rotor suppressor safety device 5, the main spindle rotor suppressor safety device 5 also includes a hinge frame 15, a bent portion 17 is provided in the middle of the brake rod 8, the first connecting rod 9 is rotatably mounted on the hinge frame 15, a bent plate 18 is provided at the upper end of the hinge frame 15, and the elastic reset member 11 is provided between the bent portion 17 and the bent plate 18. The hinge frame 15 is an integrated structure and serves as the mounting reference for the first connecting rod 9 and the elastic reset member 11. The brake rod 8 forms the mounting position of the elastic reset member 11 by relying on the bent portion 17 of the rod body, without the need for additional welding of lifting lugs, making processing simple. The elastic reset member 11 is pulled by two points of misalignment, and the force direction of the elastic reset member 11 is fixed, so it will not move left or right or fall off during operation.

[0029] Furthermore, both the bending portion 17 and the bending plate 18 are provided with mounting holes 19. The elastic reset component 11 is preferably an elastic tension spring, with both ends of the elastic tension spring being hooked into the two mounting holes 19 respectively. This eliminates the need for binding and spot welding, resulting in high efficiency for replacing parts later.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment for the installation of the main shaft rotor suppressor safety device 5, the side wall of the crushing chamber 2 is provided with a bearing 6 for supporting the main shaft 4. A bearing cover 20 is fitted on the outside of the bearing 6 to prevent powder from entering the bearing 6, thereby reducing the probability of wear and jamming. The bearing 6 is fixed to the side wall of the crushing chamber 2 by the bearing cover 20, and the main shaft rotor suppressor safety device 5 is fixedly installed on the bearing cover 20. The entire braking mechanism uses the bearing cover 20 as the mounting base, and the main shaft 4 and the stop gear are coaxial with high precision. When the bearing 6 is being repaired, the entire braking assembly can be removed at once, simplifying the maintenance process.

[0031] The hinge frame 15 is formed by bending cold-rolled steel plate. The hinge frame 15 is locked to the end face of the bearing cover 20 by two M3 bolts. The brake rod 8 is rotatably mounted on the end face of the bearing cover 20 by a shaft pin.

[0032] As a preferred embodiment of the main shaft 4, a counterweight wheel 7 is installed on the main shaft 4 outside the main shaft rotor suppressor safety device 5. The counterweight wheel 7 changes the inertial characteristics of the main shaft 4, shortens the inertial sliding time, and reduces the instantaneous braking load. The counterweight wheel 7 and the main shaft 4 are limited and fixed by fasteners.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment of the damping structure 16, the damping structure 16 includes a shaft for connecting the first connecting rod 9 and the second connecting rod 10. The head of the shaft forms a contact fit with the counterweight wheel 7. An adhesive layer or a friction surface is provided on the contact surface of the shaft head and / or the corresponding contact surface of the counterweight wheel 7. The adhesive layer is in the form of metal coating or embedding. The friction surface is provided with knurling or grooving with a high coefficient of friction. The damping structure 16 is preferably a polyurethane head type stop bolt or a rubber head type stop bolt. The counterweight wheel 7 is decelerated by the pressure of the polyurethane or rubber end. After the polyurethane or rubber wears out, it is not necessary to replace the entire connecting rod; only the stop bolt needs to be replaced, resulting in low maintenance costs. A common nut is screwed onto the free end of the stop bolt. The head of the stop bolt and the nut are located on both sides of the connection between the first connecting rod 9 and the second connecting rod 10, respectively, to achieve a limiting connection.

[0034] As a preferred embodiment of the crushing chamber 2, a coverable protective box 21 is installed on one side of the crushing chamber 2. The protective box 21 covers the main shaft rotor suppressor safety device 5 and the counterweight wheel 7, reducing the amount of powder splashed during production from entering the mechanism, preventing jamming and failure, and achieving closed dust protection. The top of the protective box 21 has a notch 22 for the brake rod 8 and the rolling pressure roller 14 to pass through. The notch 22 does not interfere with the linkage with the feed hopper 1 and maximizes the closure of the protective box 21.

[0035] Furthermore, the protective box 21 can be opened directly outwards, allowing for easy inspection and maintenance of all internal components, and is easy to disassemble and assemble; the protective box 21 is made of cold-rolled thin plate bent into shape, with a snap-on opening and closing structure; during equipment production, debris is blocked by the box, and the internal springs and connecting rods are free from jamming faults year-round.

[0036] A safety interlock device 23 is provided between the feed hopper 1 and the crushing chamber 2. The safety interlock device 23 includes a primary unlocking device and a secondary unlocking device 27. The primary unlocking device includes a safety switch 24, a protective cover 25, and a key insert 26. The safety switch 24 is fixed on the crushing chamber 2. The protective cover 25 is rotatably mounted on the feed hopper 1. The side of the protective cover 25 is provided with a key insert 26 that cooperates with the safety switch 24. The safety switch 24 is used to output a start / stop control signal according to the open / closed state of the protective cover 25. When the protective cover 25 is open, the safety switch 24 cuts off the control circuit of the crushing blade 3 and causes the crushing blade 3 to lose power and stop rotating. The secondary unlocking device 27 is located in the inner area of ​​the protective cover 25. The primary unlocking device is a primary electrical unlocking device, and the secondary unlocking device 27 is a secondary mechanical unlocking device.

[0037] This invention features a pioneering dual structure combining primary electrical unlocking with secondary mechanical unlocking, significantly enhancing safety and completely eliminating potential hazards. The moment the protective cover 25 is opened, the safety switch 24 immediately cuts off the control circuit, instantly stopping the crushing blade 3. However, the crushing blade 3 will continue to rotate due to inertia. The secondary unlocking device 27 is then opened, with sufficient time for the crushing blade 3 to completely stop. The secondary unlocking device 27 is concealed inside the protective cover 25, preventing accidental contact or misoperation, and does not affect the overall appearance of the equipment. Furthermore, the secondary unlocking device 27 can only be opened when the primary unlocking device is open.

[0038] When the protective cover 25 is closed, the key insert 26 is inserted into the sensing slot of the safety switch 24, and the safety switch 24 activates the control circuit of the crushing blade 3, allowing the equipment to operate normally. When it is necessary to tilt and open the feed hopper 1, first open the protective cover 25, and the key insert 26 immediately disengages from the safety switch 24. The safety switch 24 instantly cuts off the power supply and control circuit of the crushing blade 3, causing the crushing blade 3 to lose power and stop rotating. Only then can the secondary unlocking device 27 be operated to open the feed hopper 1, and finally, the feed hopper 1 can be tilted and opened. As a structural description of the secondary unlocking device 27, the secondary unlocking device 27 includes a locking rod 28, a locking nut 30, and a locking block 32. The locking rod 28 is rotatably mounted on the crushing chamber 2. The locking block 32 is fixedly mounted on the feed hopper 1. The locking block 32 has a slit 33 for the locking rod 28 to be inserted into. The upper end of the locking block 32 is provided with limit protrusions 34 on both sides of the slit 33. The locking rod 28 is engaged in the slit 33. The locking nut 30 is screwed onto the upper part of the locking rod 28. The limit protrusions 34 and the locking block 32 are integrally formed to ensure the connection strength and structural stability of the two.

[0039] After the feed hopper 1 is closed on the crushing chamber 2, first flip the locking rod 28 upward and insert it into the cut 33 of the locking block 32. Then rotate the locking nut 30 downward and tighten it. The locking nut 30 is limited by the limiting protrusions 34 on both sides, so that the locking rod 28 cannot move forward and disengage from the locking block 32. The locking force of the locking nut 30 is evenly applied to the locking block 32, so that the feed hopper 1 and the crushing chamber 2 are tightly fitted. The first-level unlocking device can only be closed after the second-level unlocking device 27 is closed. When the second-level unlocking device 27 is unlocked, simply loosen the locking nut 30 so that the locking nut 30 is higher than the limiting protrusion 34, and flip the locking rod 28 forward to disengage from the cut 33, thus completing the unlocking of the feed hopper 1.

[0040] Furthermore, a limiting screw 29 is screwed onto the side of the upper end of the locking rod 28. The limiting screw 29 is arranged perpendicularly to the locking rod 28 and is located above the locking nut 30. The limiting screw 29 prevents the locking nut 30 from sliding upward. The limiting screw 29 is screwed vertically onto the side of the locking rod 28, eliminating the need for a complex structure and reducing processing and assembly costs.

[0041] Furthermore, a washer 35 is fitted on the locking rod 28, which is located between the locking nut 30 and the locking block 32. The washer 35 increases the contact area between the locking nut 30 and the locking block 32, preventing excessive local stress from damaging the locking block 32. At the same time, it isolates the locking nut 30 and the locking block 32 from direct friction, reducing component wear and extending service life.

[0042] As an instruction for installing the locking rod 28, the crushing chamber 2 is equipped with a connecting seat 36 for the flipping movement of the locking rod 28. The connecting seat 36 has an opening 39, and the lower part of the locking rod 28 extends into the opening 39 and is rotatably connected through the rotating shaft 37. The open connecting seat 36 provides the locking rod 28 with flipping space, and the rotation is smooth and without interference. The open structure also facilitates the insertion and assembly of the locking rod 28, improving assembly efficiency.

[0043] Furthermore, both ends of the rotating shaft 37 pass through the two side walls of the connecting seat 36 and are equipped with C-type retaining rings 38. The C-type retaining rings 38 quickly limit the two ends of the rotating shaft 37 to prevent the rotating shaft 37 from slipping or failing. The C-type retaining rings 38 can be disassembled and installed without tools, making it extremely convenient to maintain and replace the locking rod 28 later. The C-type retaining rings 38 are standard parts, with low procurement and replacement costs, and are suitable for mass production.

[0044] During installation, the rotating shaft 37 is passed through the connecting seat 36 and the locking rod 28 in sequence. Then, the C-shaped retaining rings 38 are inserted into the slots at both ends of the rotating shaft 37. The C-shaped retaining rings 38 are tightly attached to the outer wall of the connecting seat 36, so that the rotating shaft 37 cannot move axially or fall off. With long-term use, the locking rod 28 is stable in rotation and does not require frequent maintenance.

[0045] As an explanation of the connection for the flipping of the feed hopper 1, the feed hopper 1 and the protective cover 25 are connected by a hinge 31. The hinge 31 is preferably a hinge, which enables the protective cover 25 to flip smoothly with low opening and closing resistance and easy operation.

[0046] As a preferred embodiment, a locking ball joint 40 is also provided between the crushing chamber 2 and the protective cover 25. The locking ball joint 40 secures the protective cover 25 after it is closed, preventing accidental opening due to equipment vibration. The locking ball joint 40 automatically engages, ensuring precise engagement between the key insert 26 and the safety switch 24 without any displacement deviation. The locking ball joint 40 is an existing component and can be purchased directly from the market.

[0047] When the protective cover 25 is closed, the anti-loosening ball lock 40 automatically locks in place, and the key insert 26 is stably inserted into the safety switch 24, allowing the crusher to operate normally. When the protective cover 25 is flipped outward, it can be opened by overcoming the locking force of the anti-loosening ball lock 40, which is labor-saving and triggers the safety switch 24 at the same time.

[0048] It also includes a screen frame 43 that can be flipped to cover the bottom of the crushing chamber 2 and a collection box 42 located below the screen frame 43. The screen frame 43 is composed of a screen 50 and a screen frame body 51 located at the front end of the screen 50. At least one locking device 44 is provided between the screen frame body 51 and the front end of the crushing chamber 2. A base 46 is installed at the bottom of the crushing chamber 2. The collection box 42 is installed in the base 46. A position detection element 48 for collecting the installation position signal of the collection box 42 is provided on the rear side of the inner cavity of the base 46. A locking device 45 is provided between the front end of the collection box 42 and the base 46. The locking device 45 is used to keep the position of the collection box 42 stationary, which greatly improves safety.

[0049] When the collection box 42 is not fully pushed into place, the position detection element 48 disconnects the main control circuit, preventing the crusher from being powered on and started. This eliminates the risk of injury from material spraying from an empty chamber, meets safety production standards, and achieves electrical safety interlock protection. Safety is ensured by using a mechanical sequential linkage; the collection box 42 must be unlocked and pulled out before the screen frame 43 can be opened, preventing accidental opening of the screen and material spraying during equipment operation. The collection box 42 is integrally limited by the inner wall of the base 46, allowing it to slide directionally back and forth within the base 46 without lateral deviation or jamming, providing good guiding performance. The number of locking devices 44 is flexible, allowing for single or multiple sets to be selected according to equipment specifications, adapting to various types of crushers, including large, medium, and small ones.

[0050] When the collection box 42 is fully pushed into the base 46, the end of the collection box 42 touches the position detection element 48 on the rear side, and the circuit is connected so that the crusher can be powered on. When the collection box 42 is pulled out, the switch is turned off, and the crusher cannot work no matter how the start and stop buttons are operated. The locking device 45 must be operated first to pull out the collection box 42 before the locking device 44 can be unlocked and the screen frame 43 can be opened. After 5,000 start and stop tests, the interlocking function operates stably and without failure.

[0051] As an explanation of the flipping structure of the screen frame 43, the rear side of the screen frame 43 is connected to the bottom of the crushing chamber 2 by a hinge. The hinge is selected as the hinge. The screen frame 43 rotates and opens and closes at a fixed point with the hinge as the axis. The opening and closing trajectory is fixed. After closing, the screen frame body 51 is precisely aligned with the locking point. The hinge has strong versatility, low procurement cost of standard hardware parts, and is easy to replace.

[0052] As a preferred structure for the material collection box 42, a pulley 49 is installed at each of the four corners of the bottom of the material collection box 42. The four pulleys 49 evenly bear the weight and provide synchronous support at the four corners. This prevents the material collection box 42 from sinking and jamming on one side when fully loaded with material. The rolling friction of the pulleys 49 saves effort, and the material collection box 42 can be easily pulled out by one person when fully loaded with tens of kilograms of material. A pull ring 47 is rotatably installed at the center of the front end of the material collection box 42. The pull ring 47 can be rotated and stored. When not in use, it hangs down naturally and close to the front end of the material collection box 42, without occupying space or scratching or bumping the equipment. The pulleys 49 are made of wear-resistant nylon, and the pull ring 47 is made of round steel with a hinged structure, hanging down naturally when not in use.

[0053] As a structural description of the locking device 44, the locking device 44 includes a second locking rod 52, a second locking nut 53, and a second locking block 54. The second locking rod 52 is rotatably mounted on the screen frame body 51. The second locking block 54 is fixedly installed at the front end of the crushing chamber 2. The second locking block 54 has a slit 55 for the second locking rod 52 to be inserted into. The second locking rod 52 is engaged in the slit 55. The second locking nut 53 is screwed onto the upper part of the second locking rod 52. After confirming that the collection box 42 has been pulled out, simply loosen the second locking nut 53 and flip the second locking rod 52 forward to disengage it from the slit 55. Then, the screen frame 43 can be flipped downward to open the screen frame 43. (See reference...) Figure 12 As shown.

[0054] Furthermore, the front end of the screen frame body 51 is equipped with a connecting seat 56 for the locking rod 52 to rotate. The connecting seat 56 limits the locking rod 52, allowing it to rotate around a fixed hinge point with high coaxiality and precise locking alignment. A washer 57 is fitted on the locking rod 52, located between the locking nut 53 and the locking block 54. The washer 57 is added to prevent metal-on-metal wear, buffer vibration, and prevent the locking nut 53 from loosening. Tightening the locking nut 53 and pressing it with the washer 57 ensures that the locking rod 52 will not jump out of the cut 55 under equipment vibration, greatly improving locking stability. The washer is a flat rubber gasket.

[0055] As a structural description of the locking device 45, the locking device 45 includes a locking seat 58, a movable seat 59, and a locking plate 60. The locking seat 58 is fixedly installed at the front end of the collection box 42. The locking seat 58 is provided with a hook 62 that protrudes outward and bends upward. One end of the locking plate 60 is fastened into the hook 62, and the other end of the locking plate 60 has a through hole 61 along its length. The movable seat 59 is fixedly installed at the front end of the base 46. The movable seat 59 is provided with a limiting pin 65 that is inserted into the through hole 61. When the collection box 42 is installed in place, one end of the locking plate 60 is fastened into the hook 62, so that the position of the collection box 42 remains stationary. The through hole 61 cooperates with the limiting pin 65 to limit and guide the movement of the locking plate 60, and the swing stroke is controlled so that it will not fall off or be lost. The locking seat 58 and the movable seat 59 are both assembled separately, and each damaged part is replaced separately.

[0056] Furthermore, an operating part 63 is installed on the outer side of one end of the locking plate 60. This operating part 63 has a cylindrical structure; the cylindrical operating part 63, without sharp edges, is easy to grip and unlock without hurting the hand, and provides a comfortable operating feel; the outer wall of the operating part 63 is a cylindrical surface, which distributes the force evenly and is not easily cracked or damaged by repeated bending over a long period of time. The operating part 63 is covered with rubber and is pressed onto the end of the locking plate 60, ensuring no burrs or cracks during high-frequency operation.

[0057] Furthermore, the side of the movable seat 59 is provided with a support part 64 located below the locking piece 60; the support part 64 normally supports the locking piece 60 to prevent the locking piece 60 from falling down by its own weight, and facilitates the operation of the locking piece 60 later.

[0058] To allow for uninterrupted inspection without removing the collection box 42, enabling direct observation of material blockages, holes, and the material loading status of the screen 50, a viewing window 66 is installed on the screen frame body 51. This window allows for observation of the collection box 42 and screen 50, enabling proactive fault diagnosis and timely shutdown for repairs, thus reducing the frequency of unexpected downtime. The viewing window 66 is made of transparent tempered glass, with sealed edges to ensure airtightness.

[0059] The position detection element 48 is preferably a limit switch. Compared with traditional photoelectric switches, limit switches are not afraid of dust and moisture accumulation, and operate reliably under harsh working conditions. They are sensitive to switching on and off, instantly conducting when the collection box 42 is in position and immediately disconnecting when it is pulled out. When the collection box 42 is fully pushed in and the limit switch is closed, the crusher is ready to start. When the collection box 42 is pulled out, the power is cut off and the machine is locked.

[0060] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention; the directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0061] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0062] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0063] The above provides a detailed description of a pulverizer provided in this application. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A crusher, comprising a crushing chamber (2) and a feed hopper (1) rotatably covering the crushing chamber (2), wherein the crushing chamber (2) is provided with crushing blades (3) for crushing materials, and a main shaft (4) is installed inside the crushing blades (3), wherein the two ends of the main shaft (4) respectively penetrate the side walls on both sides of the crushing chamber (2), characterized in that: A main shaft rotor suppressor safety device (5) is provided on one side wall of the crushing chamber (2). The main shaft rotor suppressor safety device (5) includes a brake rod (8), a first connecting rod (9), and a second connecting rod (10). The brake rod (8) and the first connecting rod (9) are rotatably mounted on the side wall of the crushing chamber (2), and an elastic reset member (11) is provided to assist the automatic reset of the brake rod (8). A rolling pressure roller (14) is installed on the upper end of the brake rod (8), and a bent part (12) that cooperates with the outer wall of the main shaft (4) is provided on the lower end of the brake rod (8). The middle part of the brake rod (8) is rotatably connected. A second connecting rod (10) is connected to the first connecting rod (9) via a damping structure (16). A counterweight wheel (7) is installed on the main shaft (4) outside the main shaft rotor suppressor safety device (5). The damping structure (16) can press against the wheel surface of the counterweight wheel (7) with the movement of the first connecting rod (9) and the second connecting rod (10) to reduce the speed of the main shaft (4) by friction. A power box (41) for driving the main shaft (4) to rotate is installed on the other side of the crushing chamber (2). A safety interlock device (23) is provided between the feed hopper (1) and the crushing chamber (2).

2. The pulverizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner side of the curved part (12) is evenly arranged with stop teeth (13), and the outer side wall of the main shaft (4) is provided with teeth that cooperate with the stop teeth (13).

3. A pulverizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The safety interlock device (23) includes a primary unlocking device and a secondary unlocking device (27). The primary unlocking device includes a safety switch (24), a protective cover (25), and a key insert (26). The safety switch (24) is fixed on the crushing chamber (2). The protective cover (25) is rotatably mounted on the feed hopper (1). The side of the protective cover (25) is provided with a key insert (26) that cooperates with the safety switch (24). The safety switch (24) is used to output start and stop control signals according to the opening and closing state of the protective cover (25). When the protective cover (25) is opened, the safety switch (24) cuts off the control circuit of the crushing blade (3) and causes the crushing blade (3) to lose power and stop rotating. The secondary unlocking device (27) is located in the inner area of ​​the protective cover (25).

4. A pulverizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The secondary unlocking device (27) includes a locking rod (28), a locking nut (30), and a locking block (32). The locking rod (28) is rotatably mounted on the crushing chamber (2). The locking block (32) is fixedly mounted on the feed hopper (1). The locking block (32) has a slit (33) for the locking rod (28) to be inserted. Limiting protrusions (34) are provided on both sides of the upper end of the locking block (32) located in the slit (33). The locking rod (28) is inserted into the slit (33). The locking nut (30) is screwed onto the upper part of the locking rod (28).

5. A pulverizer according to claim 4, characterized in that: A limiting screw (29) is screwed onto the side of the upper end of the locking rod (28). The limiting screw (29) is arranged perpendicularly to the locking rod (28) and is located above the locking nut (30).

6. A pulverizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: A ball lock (40) is also provided between the crushing chamber (2) and the protective cover (25).

7. A pulverizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a screen frame (43) that can be flipped to cover the bottom of the crushing chamber (2) and a collection box (42) located below the screen frame (43). The screen frame (43) consists of a screen (50) and a screen frame body (51) located at the front end of the screen (50). At least one locking device (44) is provided between the screen frame body (51) and the front end of the crushing chamber (2). A base (46) is installed at the bottom of the crushing chamber (2). A pull-out collection box (42) is installed in the base (46). A position detection element (48) for collecting the installation position signal of the collection box (42) is provided on the rear side of the inner cavity of the base (46). A locking device (45) is provided between the front end of the collection box (42) and the base (46).

8. A pulverizer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The locking device (44) includes a second locking rod (52), a second locking nut (53), and a second locking block (54). The second locking rod (52) is rotatably mounted on the screen frame body (51). The second locking block (54) is fixedly installed at the front end of the crushing chamber (2). The second locking block (54) has a slit (55) for the second locking rod (52) to be inserted. The second locking rod (52) is engaged in the slit (55). The second locking nut (53) is screwed onto the upper part of the second locking rod (52).

9. A pulverizer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The main body (51) of the screen frame is provided with a viewing window (66) for observing the condition of the collection box (42) and the screen (50).

10. A pulverizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The damping structure (16) includes a shaft for connecting the first link (9) and the second link (10). The head of the shaft is in contact with the counterweight wheel (7). An adhesive layer or friction surface is provided on the contact surface of the shaft head and / or the corresponding contact surface of the counterweight wheel (7).

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