A laser welding apparatus for metal fitting machining
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHANGHAI YUANSHU ELECTRIC CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-07-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-07
AI Technical Summary
[0008]本发明的目的在于提供一种金属配件加工用激光焊接设备，以解决由于气溶胶进入激光光路、等离子体云形成以及湍流负压卷氧对激光光路造成的影响
1.本发明通过同轴集成的吸风-排风双重气流结构，实现了光路气溶胶的主动清除与被动阻隔。焊接时，与激光孔同轴设置的吸风孔通过负压主动将激光光路上凝结的金属气溶胶颗粒吸入并排走，防止其在光路中积聚；同时，排风孔喷出的高速保护气体在激光束外围形成环状气流保护柱，有效阻隔气溶胶羽流向外扩散并重新进入光路。这种“内吸外吹”的协同作用，从根本上解决了气溶胶对激光的散射与吸收效应，避免了因激光功率密度衰减和焦点上移导致的未熔合、熔深不稳定及表面粗糙等缺陷，显著提升了焊接过程的稳定性与焊缝成形质量。
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Figure CN122517818A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser welding equipment technology, specifically a laser welding equipment for processing metal parts. Background Technology
[0002] Laser welding, with its advantages of high power density, large weld depth-to-width ratio, narrow heat-affected zone, and high welding speed, is widely used in the processing of metal parts in aerospace, automotive manufacturing, home appliances, and precision instruments. However, when a high-power-density laser beam irradiates a metal surface, a series of complex physicochemical processes occur in the welding area, generating three types of interfering factors that seriously harm the welding quality.
[0003] The first type of interference factor is the accumulation of metal aerosols. Laser irradiation causes local instantaneous vaporization and evaporation of metal materials. During the subsequent cooling process, the metal vapor condenses into metal aerosol particles with a particle size between tens of nanometers and several micrometers. These particles continuously diffuse upward into the laser beam path in the form of plumes. The aerosol particles produce scattering and absorption effects on the laser beam, resulting in the attenuation of the laser power density reaching the workpiece surface and the upward shift of the focal position away from the preset depth, which in turn causes quality defects such as incomplete weld fusion, unstable welding depth, and surface roughness.
[0004] The second type of interference factor is the scattering and absorption of laser light by the plasma cloud. Under the continuous high power density of the laser beam, the metal vapor undergoes thermal ionization, forming a plasma cloud mainly composed of metal cations and free electrons. The plasma cloud has a strong inverse bremsstrahlung absorption effect on the laser beam and produces significant scattering, severely weakening the laser beam energy. In high-power welding conditions, it can even form a plasma shielding effect that completely blocks the optical path, leading to instability or even interruption of the welding process.
[0005] The third type of interference factor is the turbulence-induced negative pressure oxygen entrainment effect. Traditional laser welding equipment typically uses a single-path coaxial shielding gas or side-blown shielding gas to isolate the external atmosphere. However, both of these methods have inherent defects: when the shielding gas velocity is high, Kelvin-Helmholtz instability occurs at the shear layer interface between the gas flow and the still ambient atmosphere, forming turbulent vortices that entrain the surrounding atmosphere. The oxygen and water vapor carried by these vortices are drawn into the protective area above the weld pool, causing metal oxidation, nitriding, and porosity defects, thus damaging the metallurgical quality of the weld. When the shielding gas velocity is low, the upward buoyancy of the aerosol plume is sufficient to break through the shielding gas curtain, resulting in a severely insufficient protective effect. Therefore, simply adjusting the shielding gas velocity cannot simultaneously meet the dual requirements of aerosol blocking and turbulence suppression; there is an irreconcilable contradiction between the two.
[0006] In existing technologies, some solutions have attempted to alleviate the aforementioned problems by adding auxiliary purge airflow to the side of the welding head. However, this may lead to more metal aerosols generated during welding being drawn into the optical path. None of these solutions address the impacts of aerosol entry into the laser optical path, plasma cloud formation, and turbulent negative pressure oxygen entrainment on laser welding. These three types of interference factors superimpose and synergistically affect each other in the laser optical path of the welding area, collectively constituting the core technical bottleneck restricting high-quality laser welding.
[0007] Therefore, this invention addresses the impacts of aerosol entry into the laser optical path, plasma cloud formation, and turbulent negative pressure oxygen entrainment on the laser optical path from three levels: structure, airflow channel design, and exhaust outlet microstructure. Summary of the Invention
[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a laser welding device for processing metal parts, so as to solve the problems caused by aerosols entering the laser optical path, plasma cloud formation, and turbulent negative pressure oxygen entrainment on the laser optical path.
[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A laser welding device for processing metal parts includes: a device body, a steering mechanism and a main spray gun. A three-axis adjustment mechanism is provided at the upper end of the device body. The main spray gun is fixedly installed at the end of the X-axis of the three-axis adjustment mechanism near the fixed mechanism. A laser hole, a suction hole and an exhaust hole are coaxially provided inside the main spray gun. A wind resistance block is provided inside the exhaust hole. The steering mechanism is located on the side of the X-axis of the three-axis adjustment mechanism near the main spray gun, and the lower end of the steering mechanism is equipped with a secondary spray gun. During welding: The auxiliary spray gun is located directly in front of the welding path of the main spray gun, and the air outlet of the auxiliary spray gun is directly opposite the wind resistance block of the main spray gun.
[0010] The main spray gun is the key component for achieving coaxial composite airflow control in this invention. Its upper end is the spray gun base, which is used to connect with the air path and optical path and provide rotational support; the lower end tapers to form a frustum-shaped nozzle. Inside the main spray gun, along the central axis, there are coaxially arranged laser holes, suction holes, and exhaust holes. These three layers of channels all penetrate the spray gun base and nozzle. The suction holes remove metal aerosols from the laser optical path, and the exhaust holes form an airflow protection column on the laser optical path to prevent aerosols from the outside from entering. The metal to be welded is fixed by a fixing mechanism. The three-axis adjustment mechanism adjusts the X, Y, and Z axes of the main spray gun, allowing the main spray gun to move along these three axes during the welding process to weld the metal. The steering mechanism adjusts the direction of the auxiliary spray gun, ensuring that the auxiliary spray gun is always directly in front of the welding path of the main spray gun, preventing the metal aerosol generated by the already welded metal from being entrained. Furthermore, the air outlet of the auxiliary spray gun is directly opposite the wind resistance block of the main spray gun. Due to the presence of the wind resistance block, a relatively weak airflow port is formed in the path of the protective gas, which facilitates the protective gas ejected by the auxiliary spray gun to blow out the entrained gas and plasma cloud.
[0011] Furthermore, the upper end of the main spray gun is the spray gun base, and the lower end of the main spray gun is the nozzle. The main spray gun has a laser hole, an air intake hole, and an exhaust hole coaxially arranged inside, all of which penetrate the interior of the spray gun base and the nozzle. The air intake hole and the exhaust hole are both annular through structures.
[0012] Furthermore, the nozzle is coaxially equipped with a laser port, an air intake port, and an air exhaust port. The laser port is located at the axial end of the nozzle, and the air intake port is located between the laser port and the air exhaust port. The ends of the laser port, air intake port, and air exhaust port correspond to the laser port, air intake port, and air exhaust port, respectively.
[0013] Furthermore, the laser hole is located at the axis inside the main spray gun, and the suction hole is located between the laser hole and the exhaust hole; In metal welding, a three-axis adjustment mechanism regulates the X, Y, and Z axes of the main spray gun. Laser light generated by the laser emitter is transmitted via optical fiber to the main spray gun and laser aperture, ultimately exiting through the laser nozzle to weld the metal. Negative pressure generated by the suction fan draws aerosol from the laser beam through the suction port, removing metal aerosol and preventing it from affecting the welding quality. Shielding gas passes at high speed through the exhaust port. The exhaust port is not a smooth circular channel but has several wind-resistant blocks distributed circumferentially. In this embodiment, two wind-resistant blocks are evenly distributed circumferentially within the exhaust port, with a 90° angle between them. The cross-section of these blocks can be rectangular or wedge-shaped. Their function is to create a localized low-speed zone on the leeward side of the block as the shielding gas flows down the annular seam at high speed, thus generating two airflow windows corresponding to the two block locations, with lower localized wind speeds and weaker total pressures in the circumferential direction. In this way, the protective gas curtain ejected from the exhaust vent is no longer a rigid gas wall of uniform strength along the circumference, but rather a permeable airflow field with a specific angle, providing a passage for the lateral jet of the secondary spray gun. The airflow column discharged through the exhaust vent forms an airflow protection column in the laser beam path, which can prevent the metal aerosol from affecting the laser beam path; when the protective gas impacts the metal, its internal protective gas components can also protect the weld quality of the metal. In addition, due to the presence of the wind resistance block, a relatively weak airflow opening is formed in the path of the protective gas, which is easy for the protective gas flow ejected from the secondary spray gun to pass through; the protective gas ejected by the secondary spray gun blows out the entrained gas and plasma cloud, and after being blown up, it is easier for the suction port to draw them in, improving the weld quality of the metal.
[0014] Furthermore, the interior of the spray gun holder is provided with an adapter cavity located outside the exhaust port. The adapter cavity has a ring structure to facilitate the rotation of the driven gear.
[0015] Furthermore, the adapter cavity is equipped with a driven gear, the base of which is connected to one end of the bracket, and the other end of the bracket is connected to the auxiliary spray gun.
[0016] Furthermore, the driven gear meshes with the main gear, which is connected to the output end of the servo motor via a rotating shaft. The servo motor is fixedly mounted on the X-axis of the three-axis adjustment mechanism near the main spray gun. The steering mechanism includes the servo motor, the main gear, the driven gear, and a bracket. An annular adapter cavity is specially formed on the radially outer side of the exhaust port inside the spray gun holder. This adapter cavity has a bearing mounting groove. The driven gear rotating base is fixedly connected to the upper end of the bracket, and the lower end of the bracket extends towards the axis of the main spray gun, with the auxiliary spray gun fixedly mounted at the end. The auxiliary spray gun is a straight tubular nozzle, its axis forming a fixed angle of 90° with the axis of the main spray gun. Its air outlet always points towards the metal weld below the main spray gun nozzle and is directly opposite the airflow window formed by the wind resistance block. The servo motor is fixed on the X-axis slide, and its output shaft is connected to the main gear, which meshes with the driven gear. During welding, the control system drives a servo motor to rotate according to the planned welding path and real-time travel direction. This rotation, via gear transmission, causes the driven gear and support to rotate around the axis of the main spray gun, ensuring that the secondary spray gun is always dynamically positioned directly in front of the main spray gun's welding direction. This homing mechanism ensures that the lateral protective airflow from the secondary spray gun always blows towards the welding area, avoiding the defect of side blowing that could propel the welded metal aerosol into the forward welding path.
[0017] Furthermore, a fixing mechanism is provided on the upper end of the main body of the device, near the three-axis adjustment mechanism. The fixing mechanism is equipped with a welding table. The metal to be welded is placed on the welding table, and the metal to be welded is fixed by the driving component. The angle of the welding table is adjusted to facilitate the welding of the metal.
[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention achieves both active removal and passive blocking of aerosols in the optical path through a coaxially integrated dual airflow structure of suction and exhaust. During welding, the suction port, coaxially arranged with the laser aperture, actively draws in and removes metal aerosol particles condensed in the laser path using negative pressure, preventing their accumulation in the optical path. Simultaneously, the high-speed protective gas ejected from the exhaust port forms a ring-shaped airflow protective column around the laser beam, effectively preventing the aerosol plume from diffusing outward and re-entering the optical path. This synergistic effect of "internal suction and external blowing" fundamentally solves the scattering and absorption effects of aerosols on the laser, avoiding defects such as incomplete fusion, unstable penetration depth, and surface roughness caused by laser power density attenuation and focal point shift, significantly improving the stability of the welding process and the quality of weld formation.
[0019] 2. This invention utilizes a secondary spray gun that adaptively follows the welding path to disperse and assist in the intake of the plasma cloud, eliminating the interference of plasma on laser energy. A steering mechanism drives the secondary spray gun to always be directly in front of the welding path, with its ejected protective gas stream directed towards the laser's effective area. This effectively blows out and lifts the plasma cloud formed by the ionization of high-temperature metal vapor; the lifted plasma is then efficiently sucked away by the negative pressure of the main spray gun's suction port. This completely disrupts the formation and accumulation of the plasma cloud, eliminating the absorption and scattering shielding effects of plasma on the laser beam, ensuring efficient and stable transmission of laser energy, and guaranteeing the continuity of the high-power welding process.
[0020] 3. This invention utilizes a weak airflow opening constructed with a wind-resistance block, in conjunction with a pre-positioned auxiliary spray gun, to promptly remove entrained oxygen-containing gases and prevent secondary contamination. The wind-resistance block within the exhaust port creates a localized weak opening in the protective airflow column, through which the directional airflow from the auxiliary spray gun passes. This allows harmful gases such as oxygen and water vapor, entrained by the turbulence generated when the exhaust protective gas impacts the metal surface, to be directly blown away from the molten pool protection zone and rapidly extracted by the suction port. This effectively suppresses the negative pressure oxygen entrainment effect, preventing weld oxidation, nitriding, and porosity defects. Simultaneously, the always-positioned auxiliary spray gun prevents the introduction of metal aerosols generated in the already welded area into the welding path, thus avoiding potential secondary contamination and comprehensively ensuring the metallurgical quality of the weld. Attached Figure Description
[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic side view of the overall structure of the device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main spray gun of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the main spray gun of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the steering mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the nozzle structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the exhaust port structure of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a top view of the nozzle structure of the present invention.
[0022] In the diagram: 1. Main body of the device; 2. Steering mechanism; 21. Servo motor; 22. Main gear; 23. Driven gear; 24. Support; 3. Main spray gun; 31. Nozzle; 311. Laser port; 312. Air intake port; 313. Air exhaust port; 32. Spray gun holder; 321. Adaptor cavity; 33. Laser hole; 34. Air intake hole; 35. Air exhaust hole; 351. Wind resistance block; 4. Three-axis adjustment mechanism; 5. Fixing mechanism; 51. Welding table; 6. Secondary spray gun. Detailed Implementation
[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0024] Example: Figures 1-8 As shown, the present invention provides a laser welding equipment technical solution for metal parts processing, including: a device body 1, a steering mechanism 2 and a main spray gun 3. A three-axis adjustment mechanism 4 is provided at the upper end of the device body 1. The main spray gun 3 is fixedly installed at the end of the X-axis of the three-axis adjustment mechanism 4 near the fixing mechanism 5. A laser hole 33, a suction hole 34 and an exhaust hole 35 are coaxially arranged inside the main spray gun 3. A wind resistance block 351 is provided inside the exhaust hole 35. The steering mechanism 2 is located on the side of the X-axis of the three-axis adjustment mechanism 4 near the main spray gun 3, and the lower end of the steering mechanism 2 is equipped with a secondary spray gun 6. During welding: The auxiliary spray gun 6 is located directly in front of the welding path of the main spray gun 3, and the air outlet of the auxiliary spray gun 6 is directly opposite the side of the wind resistance block 351 of the main spray gun 3.
[0025] The main spray gun 3 is a key component for achieving coaxial composite airflow control in this invention. Its upper end is a spray gun base 32, which is used to connect with the air path and optical path and provide rotational support; the lower end tapers to form a frustum-shaped nozzle 31. Inside the main spray gun 3, along the central axis, there are coaxially arranged laser holes 33, air intake holes 34, and exhaust holes 35. These three layers of channels all penetrate the spray gun base 32 and the nozzle 31. The air intake 312 removes metal aerosols from the laser optical path through the air intake holes 34, and the exhaust hole 313 forms an airflow protection column on the laser optical path to prevent aerosols from the outside from entering. The metal to be welded is fixed by the fixing mechanism 5. The three-axis adjustment mechanism 4 adjusts the X, Y, and Z axes of the main spray gun 3 so that the main spray gun 3 can move along these three axes to weld the metal during the welding process. The steering mechanism 2 adjusts the direction of the auxiliary spray gun 6 so that the auxiliary spray gun 6 is always in front of the welding path of the main spray gun 3, avoiding the entrainment of metal aerosol generated during welding of the already welded metal. The air outlet of the auxiliary spray gun 6 is directly opposite the wind resistance block 351 of the main spray gun 3. Due to the presence of the wind resistance block 351, a relatively weak airflow port will be formed in the path of the protective gas, which makes it easier for the protective gas ejected by the auxiliary spray gun 6 to blow out the entrained gas and plasma cloud.
[0026] Furthermore, the upper end of the main spray gun 3 is the spray gun base 32, and the lower end of the main spray gun 3 is the nozzle 31. The main spray gun 3 has a laser hole 33, an air suction hole 34, and an air exhaust hole 35 coaxially arranged inside, and all of them penetrate the interior of the spray gun base 32 and the nozzle 31. The air suction hole 34 and the air exhaust hole 35 are both annular through structures.
[0027] Furthermore, the nozzle 31 is coaxially provided with a laser port 311, an air intake port 312, and an air exhaust port 313. The laser port 311 is located at the axial end of the nozzle 31, and the air intake port 312 is located between the laser port 311 and the air exhaust port 313. The ends of the laser hole 33, the air intake hole 34, and the air exhaust hole 35 correspond to the laser port 311, the air intake port 312, and the air exhaust port 313, respectively.
[0028] Furthermore, the laser hole 33 is located at the axis inside the main spray gun 3, and the suction hole 34 is located between the laser hole 33 and the exhaust hole 35. In metal welding, the three-axis adjustment mechanism 4 adjusts the X, Y, and Z axes of the main spray gun 3. The laser generated by the laser emitter is transmitted to the main spray gun 3 and the laser hole 33 via the transmission optical fiber, and finally ejected from the laser port 311 to achieve metal welding. The negative pressure generated by the suction fan is drawn into the laser beam path through the suction hole 34 and finally through the suction port 312 to remove the metal aerosol from the laser beam path and prevent the aerosol from affecting the welding quality of the laser. The protective gas generated by the exhaust system passes through the exhaust hole 35 at high speed. The internal structure of the exhaust hole 35 is not a smooth circular channel, but rather has several wind resistance blocks 351 distributed circumferentially. In this embodiment, two wind resistance blocks 351 are evenly distributed circumferentially inside the exhaust hole 35, and the included angle between the two wind resistance blocks 351 in the circumferential direction is 90°. The cross-section of the wind resistance block 351 can be rectangular or wedge-shaped. Its function is to create a local low-speed zone on the leeward side of the wind resistance block 351 when the protective gas flows down at high speed along the exhaust hole 35. At the lower ends of the two corresponding wind resistance blocks 351, two airflow windows with low local wind speed and weak total pressure are generated in the circumferential direction. In this way, the protective gas curtain ejected from the exhaust port 313 is no longer a rigid air wall with uniform strength along the circumference, but an airflow field with penetrability in a specific angular direction, providing a passage for the transverse jet of the auxiliary spray gun 6. The airflow column discharged through the exhaust port 313 forms an airflow protection column in the laser beam path, which can prevent the metal aerosol from affecting the laser beam path; when the protective gas impacts the metal, its internal protective gas components can also protect the welding quality of the metal. In addition, due to the presence of the wind resistance block 351, a relatively weak airflow opening will be formed in the path of the protective gas, which makes it easier for the protective gas flow ejected by the auxiliary spray gun 6 to pass through this opening. The protective gas ejected by the auxiliary spray gun 6 blows out the entrained gas and plasma cloud, and after being blown up, it is easy for the suction port 312 to draw it in, thereby improving the welding quality of the metal.
[0029] Furthermore, the interior of the spray gun holder 32 is provided with an adapter cavity 321 located outside the exhaust hole 35. The adapter cavity 321 has a ring structure, which facilitates the rotation of the driven gear 23.
[0030] Furthermore, the adapter cavity 321 is provided with a driven gear 23, the base of which is connected to one end of the bracket 24, and the other end of the bracket 24 is connected to the auxiliary spray gun 6.
[0031] Furthermore, the driven gear 23 meshes with the main gear 22, and the main gear 22 is connected to the output end of the servo motor 21 via a rotating shaft. The servo motor 21 is fixedly installed on the X-axis of the three-axis adjustment mechanism 4 near the main spray gun 3. The steering mechanism 2 includes the servo motor 21, the main gear 22, the driven gear 23, and the bracket 24. The interior of the spray gun base 32 has a specially formed annular adapter cavity 321 on the radial outer side of the exhaust hole 35, and the adapter cavity 321 has a bearing mounting groove. The driven gear 23 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the bracket 24 by rotating the base. The lower end of the bracket 24 extends towards the axis of the main spray gun 3, and the end is fixedly installed with the auxiliary spray gun 6. The auxiliary spray gun 6 is a straight tube nozzle, and its axis forms a fixed angle of 90° with the axis of the main spray gun 3. Its air outlet always points below the nozzle 31 of the main spray gun 3 and is exactly opposite to the airflow window formed by the wind resistance block 351.
[0032] The servo motor 21 is fixed on the X-axis slide, and its output shaft is connected to the main gear 22, which meshes with the driven gear 23. During welding, the control system drives the servo motor 21 to rotate according to the planned welding path and real-time travel direction. Through gear transmission, the driven gear 23 and the bracket 24 rotate around the axis of the main spray gun 3, thereby keeping the auxiliary spray gun 6 dynamically in front of the welding movement direction of the main spray gun 3. This servo control ensures that the lateral protective airflow from the auxiliary spray gun 6 always blows towards the welding area, avoiding the defect of side blowing the welded metal aerosol into the forward welding optical path.
[0033] Furthermore, a fixing mechanism 5 is provided on the upper end of the main body 1 near the three-axis adjustment mechanism 4. The fixing mechanism 5 is equipped with a welding table 51. The metal to be welded is placed on the welding table 51, and the metal to be welded is fixed by the driving component. The angle of the welding table 51 is adjusted to facilitate the welding of the metal.
[0034] The working principle of this invention is as follows: When metal laser welding is required, the metal to be welded is placed on the welding table 51, and the metal is fixed by the drive component, while the angle of the welding table 51 is adjusted. Simultaneously, the laser generator, suction fan, and exhaust system are turned on, and the air is transmitted via optical fiber to the main spray gun 3 and laser port 33, finally being ejected from the laser port 311 to achieve metal welding. The negative pressure generated by the suction fan draws in the aerosol in the laser beam path through the suction port 34 and finally through the suction port 312, removing the metal aerosol from the laser beam path and preventing the aerosol from affecting the welding quality. Protective gas passes at high speed through the exhaust port 35, which is equipped with a wind resistance block 351. In this embodiment, there are two wind resistance blocks 351 inside the exhaust port 35, and the two wind resistance blocks 351 are at a 90° angle. The airflow column discharged through the exhaust port 313 forms an airflow protection column in the laser beam path, which can prevent the metal aerosol from affecting the laser beam path. The protective gas impacts the metal, and its internal protective gas components also protect the welding quality of the metal. Furthermore, due to the presence of the wind resistance block 351, a relatively weak airflow opening is formed in the path of the protective gas, making it easier for the protective gas flow ejected from the auxiliary spray gun 6 to pass through this opening. The servo motor 21 drives the rotating shaft, which in turn drives the driven gear 23 to rotate. This causes the bracket 24 on the base of the driven gear 23 to rotate the auxiliary spray gun 6 around the main spray gun 3, ensuring that the auxiliary spray gun 6 is always directly in front of the welding path of the main spray gun 3, preventing the auxiliary spray gun 6 from blowing metal aerosols generated by the already welded metal into the weld joint. The protective gas ejected from the auxiliary spray gun 6 blows out the entrained gas and plasma cloud, and after being blown up, it is easier for the suction port 312 to draw them in, improving the welding quality of the metal.
[0035] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A laser welding device for processing metal parts, comprising a main body (1), a steering mechanism (2), and a main spray gun (3), characterized in that: The upper end of the main body (1) of the device is provided with a three-axis adjustment mechanism (4). The main spray gun (3) is fixedly installed on the X-axis of the three-axis adjustment mechanism (4) near the fixed mechanism (5). The main spray gun (3) is coaxially provided with a laser hole (33), a suction hole (34) and an exhaust hole (35). The exhaust hole (35) is provided with a wind resistance block (351). The steering mechanism (2) is located on the side of the X-axis of the three-axis adjustment mechanism (4) close to the main spray gun (3), and the lower end of the steering mechanism (2) is equipped with a secondary spray gun (6). During welding: the auxiliary spray gun (6) is located directly in front of the welding path of the main spray gun (3), and the air outlet of the auxiliary spray gun (6) is directly opposite the wind resistance block (351) of the main spray gun (3).
2. The laser welding equipment for processing metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the main spray gun (3) is the spray gun seat (32), and the lower end of the main spray gun (3) is the nozzle (31).
3. The laser welding equipment for processing metal parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nozzle (31) is coaxially provided with a laser port (311), an air intake port (312) and an air exhaust port (313). The laser port (311) is located at the axial port of the nozzle (31), and the air intake port (312) is located between the laser port (311) and the air exhaust port (313).
4. The laser welding equipment for processing metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser hole (33) is located at the axis inside the main spray gun (3), and the suction hole (34) is located between the laser hole (33) and the exhaust hole (35).
5. The laser welding equipment for processing metal parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The interior of the spray gun holder (32) is provided with an adapter cavity (321) located outside the exhaust hole (35).
6. The laser welding equipment for processing metal parts according to claim 5, characterized in that: The adapter cavity (321) is provided with a driven gear (23), the base of which is connected to one end of the bracket (24), and the other end of the bracket (24) is connected to the auxiliary spray gun (6).
7. The laser welding equipment for processing metal parts according to claim 6, characterized in that: The driven gear (23) meshes with the main gear (22), and the main gear (22) is connected to the output end of the servo motor (21) through a rotating shaft. The servo motor (21) is fixedly installed on the side of the X-axis of the three-axis adjustment mechanism (4) near the main spray gun (3).
8. The laser welding equipment for processing metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixing mechanism (5) is provided on the upper end of the main body (1) of the device, near the side of the three-axis adjustment mechanism (4), and the fixing mechanism (5) is provided with a welding table (51).