A moving column single-arm machining center

Abstract

The application relates to a dynamic column single-arm machining center, which comprises a column, a guide rail, a mounting seat, a sensing control mechanism and an adjusting mechanism. The column moves reciprocally on the bed along the X-axis direction. The guide rail is movably arranged on the column. The mounting seat is used for carrying a tool magazine body for cutting work. The sensing control mechanism is used for sensing the acceleration of the guide rail and the column. The adjusting mechanism is used for realizing the inertia force elimination of the guide rail and the recovery of the initial position of the guide rail. The adjusting mechanism adjusts and alleviates the inertia force by phase change of the acceleration of the column and the guide rail, and makes the guide rail return to the initial position in the cutting process. Through dynamic electromagnetic / thermal force phase change coupling of a magneto-rheological fluid and a memory alloy wire, eccentric inertia torque is unloaded in the starting and stopping moments, reset setting time is shortened by using a memory alloy lever mechanism, and the effect of stopping and cutting simultaneously is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of cutting lathes, and in particular to a single-arm machining center with a moving column. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, single-arm machining centers with moving columns typically adopt a follower tool magazine design, where the cutting tool magazine is suspended and fixed to the side or rear of the moving column. No matter where the column moves along the X-axis, the relative displacement between the spindle head and the tool magazine remains within a very short range. This avoids the time loss caused by the column having to return to zero to the end of the bed to fix the tool magazine every time a tool is changed, and significantly improves tool changing efficiency.

[0003] Traditional techniques often employ static physical reinforcement methods, such as thickening the column wall and adding complex cross-reinforcing ribs inside, to improve the column rigidity and withstand the inertial impact.

[0004] When machining thin-walled or porous aerospace parts, the column needs to be started and stopped frequently at high speed along the X-axis, while the follower tool magazine performs rapid tool changes. The huge mass of the follower tool magazine generates a great inertial impact during high-speed start and stop, causing torsional vibration of the column. Since the tool magazine is asymmetrically mounted on one side of the column, this inertial vibration is directly transmitted to the spindle end, resulting in vibration marks on the cutting surface. Cutting can only be resumed after the vibration has decayed, which seriously affects the machining efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To improve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides a single-arm machining center with a moving column.

[0006] The technical solution for a single-arm moving column machining center provided in this application is as follows: A single-arm machining center with a moving column, comprising: The column moves back and forth along the X-axis on the bed; The guide rail is movably mounted on the column; Mounting base, used to support the tool magazine body used for cutting operations; The sensing mechanism is used to sense the acceleration of the guide rail and column; and The adjustment mechanism is used to dissipate the inertial force of the guide rail and restore the guide rail to its initial position; The adjustment mechanism alleviates inertial forces by adjusting the acceleration of the column and guide rail through a phase change, and also allows the guide rail to return to its initial position during the cutting process.

[0007] Furthermore, the adjustment mechanism includes: The slider is mounted on the column and is used to connect to the guide rail. A bidirectional elastic centering assembly is used to buffer and reset the movement of the guide rail along the X-axis; and A quick return component is used to enable the slider to quickly center and reset. During instantaneous start-up and instantaneous braking of the guide rail, the bidirectional elastic centering component is used to unload the inertial force and reset the guide rail; the rapid return component is used to quickly reset the guide rail by utilizing phase change.

[0008] Furthermore, the bidirectional elastic centering component includes two buffer sections for elastically buffering the movement of the guide rail; The buffer section includes: The buffer bladder is fixedly connected to the column at one end and to the guide rail at the other end. The elastic assembly uses elastic force to buffer the movement of the guide rail; and The strong magnetic field assembly is used to provide a strong magnetic field to the buffer capsule. The buffer capsule is made of elastic material and filled with magnetorheological fluid. The elastic group is set inside the buffer bladder and its two ends are respectively connected to the two ends of the buffer bladder.

[0009] Furthermore, the strong magnetic field assembly includes: A magnetic ring, mounted on the column and surrounding the buffer bladder; and A strong magnetic coil array is set inside the magnetic ring and provides a strong magnetic field to the buffer capsule; The magnetorheological fluid inside the buffer capsule undergoes a phase transition under the influence of a strong magnetic field, that is, it changes from a liquid state to a solid state.

[0010] Furthermore, the control mechanism includes: Acceleration sensor one, installed at the bottom of the column, is used to collect the absolute acceleration of the column; and A displacement sensor is installed between the column and the mounting base to collect the relative position between the mounting base and the column. The acceleration sensor is electrically connected to the strong magnetic coil array, and the displacement sensor is used to control the operation of the rapid return component. When the acceleration sensor moves from 0 to the maximum threshold or from the maximum threshold to 0, the strong magnetic coil array is not energized to generate a magnetic field. However, when the displacement sensor detects that the guide rail has moved to the maximum displacement in the direction of the fast return component, it controls the fast return component to work.

[0011] Furthermore, the rapid return component includes: Shape memory alloy wires are placed on a column and undergo a phase change when the phase change temperature is exceeded; Lever, used to increase the phase change stroke of shape memory alloy wire; The push block is connected to the actuator of the lever and is used to push the guide rail; The heat source section is used to heat the shape memory alloy wire; The driving block, one end of which is connected to the movable end of the shape memory alloy wire; and The connecting part is used to connect the push block and the guide rail; The lever is mounted on the column and rotates close to the shape memory alloy wire. The drive block has a drive groove, and the corresponding end of the lever is located in the drive groove. The displacement sensor controls the operation of the heat source.

[0012] Furthermore, the connecting portion includes: The fixed tube is fixedly connected to the push block; The movable tube is slidably disposed inside the fixed tube; and Phase change section, used to connect the fixed tube and the movable tube; When the guide rail needs to be moved quickly, the phase transition part is in a solid state.

[0013] Furthermore, the phase transition section includes: Strong magnetic components are installed on the inner wall of the fixed tube; and Phase change capsule, housed within a fixed tube; The two ends of the phase change capsule are respectively connected to the inner wall of the fixed tube end and the corresponding end of the movable tube; The strong magnetic component is electrically connected to the displacement sensor.

[0014] In summary, the beneficial technical effects of this application are as follows: 1. In this embodiment, the guide rail is in sliding fit with the column in the X-axis direction, and has a relative sliding degree of freedom of ±50 mm in the X-axis direction. Since the guide rail can slide relative to the column, the mounting base and tool magazine body are in a dynamically decoupled suspension state relative to the column in the X-axis direction. In this embodiment, the sensing and control mechanism is used to monitor the acceleration of the column and the displacement of the guide rail. For example, when the column is in the initial movement, the guide rail will slide in the opposite direction under the action of inertial force. When the column brakes suddenly during the movement, the guide rail will move in the same direction. At this time, the adjustment mechanism needs to adjust the acceleration of the column and the guide rail to relieve the inertial force and make the guide rail return to the initial alignment position relative to the column during the cutting process. 2. When the X-axis drive column of the machine tool starts to move to the right with a certain acceleration, the acceleration sensor installed at the bottom of the column outputs a transient electrical signal, cutting off the current of the strong magnetic coil array. After the magnetic field disappears, the magnetorheological fluid in the two buffer bladders instantly changes from a solid phase to a freely sliding liquid state. The tool magazine body and the mounting base attempt to remain in place due to the huge inertial force. Since the magnetorheological fluid has liquefied, the mounting base drives the slider to slide relative to the left. During the relative sliding process, the elastic group and the buffer bladder on the left side are compressed, converting the transient impact kinetic energy into the elastic potential energy of the spring. 3. When the column decelerates and reaches the target positioning point on the X-axis, the adaptive controller energizes the strong magnetic component in the connecting part. Under the action of the strong magnetic field, the magnetorheological fluid in the phase change capsule undergoes a phase change in a short time, transforming from a liquid to a solid with high shear yield strength. The movable tube inserted in the fixed tube is locked by the solid magnetorheological fluid and cannot slide relative to the fixed tube. At the same time as the connecting part is locked, the controller turns on the power of the heat source. The auxiliary electric heating quickly heats the shape memory alloy wire to above the phase change temperature. The shape memory alloy wire transforms from martensite to austenite, and its length instantly generates a strong contraction. The contraction force pulls the drive block to deflect the short arm end of the lever through the drive groove. According to the lever principle, the lever rotates around the rotating shaft seat, and its long arm end generates an amplified stroke in the same direction, forcefully pushing the push block to slide to the right. Since the connecting part is already in a rigid locked state at this time, the push block forcibly pushes the mounting base and the tool magazine body back to the initial reference centering position of the column in a short time through the fixed tube and the movable tube. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustment mechanism according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A in the middle.

[0016] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 0. Bed frame; 1. Post; 2. Guide rail; 3. Mounting bracket; 4. Adjustment mechanism; 41. Slider; 42. Buffer capsule; 43. Elastic group; 44. Magnetic ring; 45. Strong magnetic coil array; 46. Acceleration sensor 1; 47. Displacement sensor; 48. Memory alloy wire; 49. Lever; 410. Push block; 411. Drive block; 412. Fixed tube; 413. Movable tube; 414. Strong magnetic component; 415. Phase change capsule. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of this application will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] This application discloses a single-arm machining center with a moving column. (Refer to...) Figures 1-3The system includes: a column 1 that reciprocates along the X-axis on the bed 0; a guide rail 2 movably mounted on the column 1; a mounting base 3 for supporting the tool magazine body used for cutting; a sensing and control mechanism for sensing the acceleration of the guide rail 2 and the column 1; and an adjustment mechanism 4 for dissipating inertial forces on the guide rail 2 and restoring the guide rail 2 to its initial position. The adjustment mechanism 4 alleviates inertial forces by adjusting the phase change of the acceleration of the column 1 and the guide rail 2, and allows the guide rail 2 to return to its initial position during cutting. The column 1 reciprocates along the X-axis on the bed 0 and is driven by a high-power linear motor or a double gear rack pair, providing a high start-stop acceleration greater than 0.8g. In this embodiment, the guide rail 2 has a sliding fit with the column 1 in the X-axis direction, and has a relative sliding degree of freedom of ±50 mm in the X-axis direction. Since the guide rail 2 can slide relative to the column 1, the mounting base 3 and the tool magazine body can slide relative to the column 1 in the X-axis direction. The column 1 is in a dynamically decoupled suspension state relative to the axial direction. In this embodiment, the sensing and control mechanism is used to monitor the acceleration of the column 1 and the displacement of the guide rail 2. For example, when the column 1 is in the initial movement, the guide rail 2 will slide in the opposite direction under the action of inertial force. When the column 1 brakes suddenly during the movement, the guide rail 2 will move in the same direction. At this time, the adjustment mechanism 4 needs to adjust the acceleration of the column 1 and the guide rail 2 in phase change to relieve the inertial force, and make the guide rail 2 return to the initial centering position relative to the column 1 during the cutting process.

[0019] The adjustment mechanism 4 includes: a slider 41, which is slidably mounted on the column 1 and used to connect the guide rail 2; a bidirectional elastic centering component, used to buffer and reset the movement of the guide rail 2 along the X-axis; and a quick return component, used to realize the quick centering and reset of the slider 41; the bidirectional elastic centering component is used to unload the inertial force and reset the guide rail 2 at the moment of instantaneous start and instantaneous stop of the guide rail 2; the quick return component is used to realize the quick reset of the guide rail 2 by using phase change. In this embodiment, the bidirectional elastic centering component buffers the movement of the guide rail 2 and gradually resets it when the guide rail 2 is displaced. Since the bed 0 needs to be quickly reset for cutting operations during actual movement, the quick return component is controlled to control the guide rail 2 to quickly return to its original position.

[0020] The bidirectional elastic centering assembly includes: two buffer sections for elastically buffering the movement of the guide rail 2; each buffer section includes: a buffer capsule 42, one end of which is fixedly connected to the column 1, and the other end of which is fixedly connected to the guide rail 2; an elastic group 43, which buffers the movement of the guide rail 2 through elastic force; and a strong magnetic group, which provides a strong magnetic field to the buffer capsule 42; the buffer capsule 42 is made of elastic material and filled with magnetorheological fluid; the elastic group 43 is disposed inside the buffer capsule 42 and its two ends are respectively connected to the two ends of the buffer capsule 42, and the buffer section is configured as two parts. Located on both sides of the guide rail 2, the buffer part is set on the column 1 and distributed along the X-axis. The buffer bladder 42 also has elastic force during actual movement, that is, the buffer bladder 42 can also be stretched along the X-axis. The buffer bladder 42 is filled with magnetorheological fluid. The magnetorheological fluid can achieve a phase change under the action of a strong magnetic field, that is, change from liquid to solid. When the magnetorheological fluid is in liquid state, it can buffer inertial force, and when the magnetorheological fluid is in solid state, it can ensure that the position of the guide rail 2 will not change, and the position of the guide rail 2 is locked.

[0021] The strong magnetic assembly includes: a magnetic ring 44, which is mounted on the column 1 and surrounds the buffer capsule 42; and a strong magnetic coil array 45, which is mounted inside the magnetic ring 44 and provides a strong magnetic field to the buffer capsule 42. The magnetorheological fluid inside the buffer capsule 42 undergoes a phase change under the action of the strong magnetic field, that is, it changes from a liquid state to a solid state. The magnetic ring 44 is a hollow ring, and its outer circumferential surface is rigidly fixed to the side wall of the column 1. The magnetic ring 44 is coaxially sleeved around the buffer capsule 42, and a radial assembly gap of 1 mm is left between the magnetic ring 44 and the outer wall of the buffer capsule 42. The strong magnetic coil array 45 is embedded in the inner ring groove of the magnetic ring 44, and its electrical leads pass through the magnetic ring 44 and are electrically connected to the control output terminal of the machine tool adaptive controller. During instantaneous start-up and shutdown, the magnetorheological fluid is not affected by the magnetic field and is in a free sliding liquid state. The guide rail 2 slides freely relative to the column 1, and the elastic group 43 smoothly absorbs the inertial impact. Since the collision with hard metal is avoided, the axial shear impact load on the guide rail 2 slider 41 pair is reduced, which extends the fatigue life of the high-precision linear guide rail 2 and the lead screw.

[0022] The control mechanism includes: an acceleration sensor 46, installed at the bottom of the column 1, used to collect the absolute acceleration of the column 1; and a displacement sensor 47, installed between the column 1 and the mounting base 3, used to collect the relative position between the mounting base 3 and the column 1; the acceleration sensor 46 is electrically connected to the strong magnetic coil array 45, and the displacement sensor 47 is used to control the operation of the rapid return component; when the acceleration sensor 46 moves from 0 to the maximum threshold or from the maximum threshold to 0, the strong magnetic coil array 45 is not energized to generate a magnetic field, and when the displacement sensor 47 detects that the guide rail 2 moves towards the rapid return component to the maximum displacement, it controls the rapid return component to operate; the acceleration sensor 46 and the strong magnetic coil array 45 are directly electrically linked at the hardware level. When the acceleration of the column 1 changes abruptly, the coil demagnetization signal is completed in a short time, ensuring that the tool magazine is decoupled in the very early stage of "micrometer level" when the column 1 begins to move, avoiding the transmission of the first wave of rigid shock wave to the spindle end due to delayed response; When the machine tool X-axis drive column 1 starts to move to the right with a certain acceleration, the acceleration sensor 46 installed at the bottom of column 1 outputs a transient electrical signal, cutting off the current of the strong magnetic coil array 45. After the magnetic field disappears, the magnetorheological fluid in the two buffer bladders 42 instantly changes from a solid phase to a freely sliding liquid state. Due to the huge inertial force, the tool magazine body and the mounting base 3 attempt to stay in place. Since the magnetorheological fluid has liquefied, the mounting base 3 drives the slider 41 to slide relative to the left. During the relative sliding process, the elastic group 43 and the buffer bladder 42 on the left are compressed, converting the transient impact kinetic energy into the elastic potential energy of the spring. When column 1 decelerates and reaches the target positioning point on the X-axis, the mounting base 3 continues to slide due to inertia. When the displacement sensor 47 detects that the relative sliding distance between the mounting base 3 and column 1 reaches the maximum limit value of 50mm, the displacement sensor 47 sends a control signal, which controls the rapid return component to achieve the return operation.

[0023] The rapid return assembly includes: a shape memory alloy wire 48, which is mounted on the column 1 and undergoes a phase change when the phase change temperature is exceeded; a lever 49, used to increase the phase change stroke of the shape memory alloy wire 48; a push block 410, connected to the actuating end of the lever 49 and used to push the guide rail 2; a heat source for heating the shape memory alloy wire 48; a drive block 411, one end of which is connected to the movable end of the shape memory alloy wire 48; and a connecting part for connecting the push block 410 and the guide rail 2; the lever 49 is rotatably mounted on the column 1 and rotates close to the shape memory alloy wire 48; the drive block 411 is provided with a drive groove, and the corresponding end of the lever 49 is located in the drive groove; a displacement sensor 47 controls the operation of the heat source; the heat source adopts the existing technology of heating by electricity. Lever 49 is rotatably connected to the rotating column 1 via a pin. The end of lever 49 facing upwards towards the column 1 is the short arm end, and the end facing downwards is the long arm end. The short arm end of lever 49 extends into the drive groove and slides in contact with the groove wall. Alternatively, a torsion spring can be provided between lever 49 and column 1 to facilitate the quick return of lever 49 to its original position. Memory alloy wire 48 is horizontally coaxially arranged, and its end is fixedly connected to the left side wall of the drive block 411 via a connecting pin. In this embodiment, the heat source is a flexible electric heating film, which is tightly wrapped around the outer surface of memory alloy wire 48. The long arm end of lever 49 is hinged to the left side wall of push block 410 via a pin, or it can be fixedly connected to push block 410. Therefore, in this embodiment, it is only necessary to ensure that push block 410 is in contact with or abuts against guide rail 2. The connecting part includes: a fixed tube 412, which is fixedly connected to the push block 410; a movable tube 413, which is slidably disposed inside the fixed tube 412; and a phase change part, which is used to connect the fixed tube 412 and the movable tube 413. When the guide rail 2 needs to be pushed quickly, the phase change part is solid. The end face of the fixed tube 412 is rigidly fixed to the right side wall of the push block 410 by bolts, and the tube body extends horizontally to the right. The end of the movable tube 413 is rigidly fixed to the left side wall of the mounting base 3 by bolts, or it can be abutted. The other end of the movable tube 413 is inserted into the inner cavity of the fixed tube 412 and has a clearance fit with the inner wall of the fixed tube 412. The two are allowed to slide relative to each other; the phase change part includes: a strong magnetic component 414, which is disposed on the inner wall of the fixed tube 412; and a phase change capsule 415, which is disposed inside the fixed tube 412; the two ends of the phase change capsule 415 are respectively connected to the inner wall of the end of the fixed tube 412 and the corresponding end of the movable tube 413; the strong magnetic component 414 is electrically connected to the displacement sensor 47, and the phase change capsule 415 is installed in the sealed cavity between the left end of the movable tube 413 and the bottom of the fixed tube 412 in the inner cavity of the fixed tube 412, and its interior is filled with magnetorheological fluid. The strong magnetic component 414 can also be a strong magnetic coil to further ensure the change of magnetic field inside the phase change capsule 415.

[0024] During the movement of column 1, i.e., without the need for guide rail 2 to reset, the movable tube 413 moves within the fixed tube 412. This ensures that the end of the movable tube 413 remains in contact with guide rail 2, facilitating a quick return of guide rail 2. When column 1 decelerates and reaches the target positioning point on the X-axis, the adaptive controller energizes the strong magnetic component 414 in the connecting part. Under the influence of the strong magnetic field, the magnetorheological fluid within the phase change capsule 415 undergoes a phase change instantaneously, transforming from a liquid to a solid with high shear yield strength. The movable tube 413, inserted into the fixed tube 412, is locked by the solid magnetorheological fluid and cannot slide relative to the fixed tube 412. Simultaneously with the locking of the connecting part, the controller connects the power supply to the heat source, and the auxiliary heating rapidly heats the shape memory alloy wire 48 to above the phase change temperature. The shape memory alloy wire 48 transforms from martensite to austenite, and its length instantly contracts forcefully. This contraction force pulls the drive block 411 through the drive groove, causing the short arm end of lever 49 to deflect. According to the lever principle, lever 49 rotates... As the bearing rotates, its long arm end generates an amplified stroke in the same direction, forcefully pushing the push block 410 to slide to the right. Since the connecting part is already in a rigid locked state at this time, the push block 410 forcibly pushes the mounting base 3 and the tool magazine body back to the initial reference alignment position of the central column 1 in a short time through the fixed tube 412 and the movable tube 413. After the resetting and alignment are completed, the controller cuts off the power to the heat source, the shape memory alloy wire 48 cools and extends to reset, the torsion spring accelerates the lever 49 to reset, and the magnetorheological fluid in the buffer bladder 42 instantly changes to a solid with high yield strength. The mounting base 3 and the tool magazine are solidified and locked on the column 1 in both the left and right directions. The system returns to ultra-high static stiffness, ensuring that the subsequent heavy-duty cutting and automatic tool changing process has micron-level high precision.

[0025] The implementation principle of a single-arm machining center with a moving column in this application embodiment is as follows: When the X-axis of the machine tool drives the column 1 to start instantaneously to the right with a certain acceleration, the acceleration sensor 46 installed at the bottom of the column 1 outputs a transient electrical signal, cutting off the current of the strong magnetic coil array 45. After the magnetic field disappears, the magnetorheological fluid in the two buffer bladders 42 instantly changes from a solid phase to a freely sliding liquid state. The tool magazine body and the mounting base 3 attempt to remain in place due to the huge inertial force. Since the magnetorheological fluid has liquefied, the mounting base 3 drives the slider 41 to slide relative to the left. During the relative sliding process, the elastic group 43 and the buffer bladder 42 located on the left are compressed, converting the transient impact kinetic energy into the elastic potential energy of the spring. When column 1 decelerates and reaches the target positioning point on the X-axis, the adaptive controller energizes the strong magnetic component 414 in the connecting part. Under the action of the strong magnetic field, the magnetorheological fluid in the phase change capsule 415 undergoes a phase change instantaneously in a short time, transforming from a liquid state to a solid state with high shear yield strength. The movable tube 413, inserted into the fixed tube 412, is locked by the solid magnetorheological fluid and cannot slide relative to the fixed tube 412. At the same time as the connecting part is locked, the controller connects the power supply of the heat source part, and the auxiliary electric heating quickly heats the shape memory alloy wire 48 to above the phase change temperature. The shape memory alloy wire 48 transforms from martensite to austenite, and its length instantly contracts strongly. The contraction force pulls the drive block 411 to deflect the short arm end of the lever 49 through the drive groove. According to the lever 49 principle, the lever 49 rotates. As the bearing rotates, its long arm end generates an amplified stroke in the same direction, forcefully pushing the push block 410 to slide to the right. Since the connecting part is already in a rigid locked state at this time, the push block 410 forcibly pushes the mounting base 3 and the tool magazine body back to the initial reference alignment position of the central column 1 in a short time through the fixed tube 412 and the movable tube 413. After the resetting and alignment are completed, the controller cuts off the power to the heat source, the shape memory alloy wire 48 cools and extends to reset, the torsion spring accelerates the lever 49 to reset, and the magnetorheological fluid in the buffer bladder 42 instantly changes to a solid with high yield strength. The mounting base 3 and the tool magazine are solidified and locked on the column 1 in both the left and right directions. The system returns to ultra-high static stiffness, ensuring that the subsequent heavy-duty cutting and automatic tool changing process has micron-level high precision.

[0026] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms "first," "second," "third," and similar terms used in this application specification and claims do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. The terms "an" or "a" and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms "comprising" or "including" and similar terms mean that the elements or objects preceding "comprising" or "including" encompass the elements or objects listed following "comprising" or "including" and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. "Above," "below," "left," "right," etc., are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0027] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A single-arm machining center with a moving column, characterized in that, include: The column moves back and forth along the X-axis on the bed; The guide rail is movably mounted on the column; Mounting base, used to support the tool magazine body used for cutting operations; The sensing mechanism is used to sense the acceleration of the guide rail and column; and The adjustment mechanism is used to dissipate the inertial force of the guide rail and restore the guide rail to its initial position; The adjustment mechanism alleviates inertial forces by adjusting the acceleration of the column and guide rail through a phase change, and also allows the guide rail to return to its initial position during the cutting process.

2. The single-arm machining center with a moving column according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment mechanism includes: The slider is mounted on the column and is used to connect to the guide rail. A bidirectional elastic centering assembly is used to buffer and reset the movement of the guide rail along the X-axis; and A quick return component is used to enable the slider to quickly center and reset. During instantaneous start-up and instantaneous braking of the guide rail, the bidirectional elastic centering component is used to unload the inertial force and reset the guide rail; the rapid return component is used to quickly reset the guide rail by utilizing phase change.

3. A single-arm machining center with a moving column according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bidirectional elastic centering component includes: two buffer sections for elastically buffering the movement of the guide rail; The buffer section includes: The buffer bladder is fixedly connected to the column at one end and to the guide rail at the other end. The elastic assembly uses elastic force to buffer the movement of the guide rail; and The strong magnetic field assembly is used to provide a strong magnetic field to the buffer capsule. The buffer capsule is made of elastic material and filled with magnetorheological fluid. The elastic group is set inside the buffer bladder and its two ends are respectively connected to the two ends of the buffer bladder.

4. A single-arm machining center with a moving column according to claim 3, characterized in that, The strong magnetic field assembly includes: A magnetic ring, mounted on the column and surrounding the buffer bladder; and A strong magnetic coil array is set inside the magnetic ring and provides a strong magnetic field to the buffer capsule; The magnetorheological fluid inside the buffer capsule undergoes a phase transition under the influence of a strong magnetic field, that is, it changes from a liquid state to a solid state.

5. A single-arm machining center with a moving column according to claim 4, characterized in that, The regulatory agencies include: Acceleration sensor one, installed at the bottom of the column, is used to collect the absolute acceleration of the column; and A displacement sensor is installed between the column and the mounting base to collect the relative position between the mounting base and the column. The acceleration sensor is electrically connected to the strong magnetic coil array, and the displacement sensor is used to control the operation of the rapid return component. When the acceleration sensor moves from 0 to the maximum threshold or from the maximum threshold to 0, the strong magnetic coil array is not energized to generate a magnetic field. However, when the displacement sensor detects that the guide rail has moved to the maximum displacement in the direction of the fast return component, it controls the fast return component to work.

6. A single-arm machining center with a moving column according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fast return component includes: Shape memory alloy wires are placed on a column and undergo a phase change when the phase change temperature is exceeded; Lever, used to increase the phase change stroke of shape memory alloy wire; The push block is connected to the actuator of the lever and is used to push the guide rail; The heat source section is used to heat the shape memory alloy wire; The driving block, one end of which is connected to the movable end of the shape memory alloy wire; and The connecting part is used to connect the push block and the guide rail; The lever is mounted on the column and rotates close to the shape memory alloy wire. The drive block has a drive groove, and the corresponding end of the lever is located in the drive groove. The displacement sensor controls the operation of the heat source.

7. A single-arm machining center with a moving column according to claim 6, characterized in that, The connecting part includes: The fixed tube is fixedly connected to the push block; The movable tube is slidably disposed inside the fixed tube; and Phase change section, used to connect the fixed tube and the movable tube; When the guide rail needs to be moved quickly, the phase transition part is in a solid state.

8. A single-arm machining center with a moving column according to claim 7, characterized in that, The phase transition section includes: Strong magnetic components are installed on the inner wall of the fixed tube; and Phase change capsule, housed within a fixed tube; The two ends of the phase change capsule are respectively connected to the inner wall of the fixed tube end and the corresponding end of the movable tube; The strong magnetic component is electrically connected to the displacement sensor.

Images