A fixture for fast clamping and positioning of metal castings

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of metal casting quick clamping positioning clamps, relating to metal casting assembly clamp technical field, a kind of metal casting quick clamping positioning clamps, including suspension bracket and the operating platform being set in the suspension bracket below, the sliding connection of sliding table is had on the suspension bracket.By the cooperation of telescopic component, clamping assembly, adjusting assembly and transmission assembly, adopt the double-layer chuck clamping structure of self-adapting proportional regulation, overcome the defect that traditional clamp single group clamping is easy to drop and swing, and tightens easily deformed, and fixed double chuck cannot be adapted to different length castings, clamping spacing is not reasonable, in addition, by the accurate identification of identification component castings axial total length, cooperate transmission structure, the axial spacing of second chuck and first chuck is automatically adjusted, so that two groups of chucks always maintain the optimal clamping span of castings half length, effectively avoid the problem that chucks spacing is too short and stress concentration, workpiece tremor injures inner hole, or spacing is too long and single chuck failure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal casting assembly fixtures, specifically a fixture for quick clamping and positioning of metal castings. Background Technology

[0002] As a type of metal casting, tubular metal castings are quickly clamped and positioned using fixtures during the assembly and installation process on the tubular metal casting assembly platform. To facilitate direct assembly of the tubular metal casting's assembly end after clamping and positioning, the tubular metal casting is clamped and fixed using a single-end clamping method (to avoid interference between the clamping component and the assembly position at the assembly end).

[0003] Conventional single-end clamping fixtures only have a single-ring integrated jaw for internal hole tensioning and clamping. The force-bearing area of ​​a single clamping component is limited and the effective clamping force is insufficient. Often, the clamping force is insufficient to offset the weight of the tubular casting itself, causing the workpiece to shift and fall downwards under its own weight. This results in wobble and out-of-tolerance coaxiality after clamping, which directly affects the dimensional accuracy of subsequent assembly. If the tensioning force is increased, the inner hole of the finished pipe is easily deformed by pressure, and the cylinder wall is concave and out of round, which destroys the finishing datum. Therefore, we propose a quick clamping and positioning fixture for metal castings. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a quick clamping and positioning fixture for metal castings, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a clamping fixture for quick clamping and positioning of metal castings, comprising a suspension frame and an operating table disposed below the suspension frame, a slide table slidably connected to the suspension frame, a moving component for assisting movement disposed between the slide table and the suspension frame, an mounting head disposed between the slide table and the operating table, and a driving component for assisting the mounting head in turning and lifting disposed between the mounting head and the slide table, the clamping fixture being used for clamping tubular metal castings during assembly operations, and further comprising: The support and mounting assembly is set on the operating table for supporting and mounting tubular metal castings, and assists in the quick positioning and clamping of tubular metal castings. An annular cover is disposed on one side of the mounting head. A telescopic component for assisting telescopic connection is provided between the annular cover and the mounting head. A clamping component for clamping against the inner hole of the metal casting is provided on the inner side of the annular cover. The clamping component includes multiple sets of first clamps and second clamps arranged in a circular array on the inner side of the annular cover. The first clamps and second clamps in each set are arranged in an alternating state. One end of the first clamp and the second clamp protrudes from the side of the annular cover away from the mounting head. A driving component for driving the first clamps and the second clamps is provided on the inner side of the annular cover. In addition, an adjustment component is provided on the telescopic assembly for adjusting and controlling the position of the second chuck. A transmission component for auxiliary transmission is provided between the adjustment component and the second chuck. An identification component for identifying the axial length of the tubular metal casting is provided on the mounting head. Under the action of the identification component, the transmission component and the adjustment component, the clamping distance between the first chuck and the second chuck is adjusted and controlled so that the clamping distance between the first chuck and the second chuck is half of the axial length of the tubular metal casting.

[0006] Preferably, the clamping assembly further includes an annular plate fixed inside the annular cover. The annular plate has multiple sets of sliding grooves arranged in a circular array. Sliders are slidably connected inside the sliding grooves. Each set of sliders is respectively configured to correspond one-to-one with each set of first clamps and second clamps. The first clamps are connected and fixed to the sliders by multiple sets of fixing rods. Multiple sets of mounting rods are fixed to the second clamps. The mounting rods are slidably connected to the sliders corresponding to them.

[0007] Preferably, the telescopic assembly includes a splined cylinder fixed to the mounting head, a splined sleeve slidably connected to the inner side of the splined cylinder, the splined cylinder and the splined sleeve being axially slidable by a spline, an annular cover being fixedly connected to the end of the splined sleeve away from the splined cylinder, and the splined cylinder, splined sleeve and annular cover being concentrically arranged, and a spring being sleeved on the outer side of the splined sleeve.

[0008] Preferably, the adjusting assembly includes an active rack and a passive rack disposed inside the spline sleeve. One end of the active rack is fixed to the mounting head. A first mounting shaft and a second mounting shaft are rotatably connected inside the spline sleeve. The first mounting shaft and the second mounting shaft are located between the active rack and the passive rack. A first gear is fixed on the first mounting shaft and meshes with the active rack. A second gear is fixed on the second mounting shaft and meshes with the passive rack. The first gear and the second gear mesh with each other, and the gear ratio of the first gear to the second gear is 2:1.

[0009] Preferably, the transmission assembly includes a mounting ring disposed inside the spline sleeve, the end of the mounting rod away from the second clamp is slidably connected to one side of the mounting ring, a connecting block is fixed to the inner side of the mounting ring, and one end of the driven rack is fixed to the connecting block.

[0010] Preferably, the identification component includes a positioning plate centrally located inside the annular cover. The positioning plate and the annular cover are flush with each other on the side away from the mounting head. The positioning plate and the mounting head are connected and fixed by multiple sets of round rods, which are located inside the spline sleeve and spline cylinder.

[0011] Preferably, the driving assembly includes a driving ring rotatably connected inside the annular cover. The driving ring has multiple sets of inclined grooves, and transmission pins are slidably connected to the inclined grooves. One end of each set of transmission pins is fixed to each set of sliders. The annular cover is provided with a rotating assembly for rotating the driving ring.

[0012] Preferably, the rotating assembly includes a gear ring fixed to one side of the drive ring, the gear ring being concentrically arranged with the drive ring, a third gear being disposed inside the annular cover, the third gear being meshed with the gear ring, and a drive motor for driving the third gear being mounted on the outside of the annular cover.

[0013] Preferably, the support mounting assembly includes a mounting frame fixed to the operating table, and a support sleeve for connecting the tubular metal casting is fixed on the mounting frame. One end of the tubular metal casting facing the inside of the support sleeve is the assembly end, and the other end of the tubular metal casting is the clamping end.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention sets up staggered first and second chucks at the same clamping end, which can form a double-point layered clamping support at different positions in the axial direction of the inner hole of the tubular metal casting, replacing the traditional single-clamp single-point clamping structure. It effectively solves the problems of small force-bearing area and limited clamping force of traditional single-clamping, which cannot offset the sag, sway and wobbling caused by the weight of long pipes. It fundamentally improves the overall clamping rigidity and support stability of the workpiece under single-end clamping conditions. 2. This invention uses a double-layer staggered chuck to distribute the tension force of the inner hole, abandoning the traditional single-point concentrated force clamping method. It can effectively disperse the clamping stress, eliminating the need to increase the tension force to ensure a firm clamping, avoiding the roundness of the precision-machined inner hole under pressure and the concave deformation of the cylinder wall, and avoiding the drawbacks of unstable clamping under small clamping force. It is perfectly adapted to the protection requirements of precision-machined inner holes of tubular castings and ensures the integrity of the workpiece's reference accuracy. 3. The present invention sets up an identification component in conjunction with a fixed-axis gear rack proportional transmission structure with a specified tooth ratio. It can automatically identify the actual total axial length of the tubular casting through the positioning plate. Relying on the relative extension and retraction movement of the mounting head and the annular cover, the axial position of the second chuck is controlled by pure mechanical linkage, so that the distance between the two sets of chucks always accurately matches half the length of the casting. There is no need for manual disassembly and assembly or adjustment of the chuck position. It can adaptively adapt to tubular metal castings of different lengths and casting tolerances, solving the problems of poor adaptability and cumbersome production changeover of the traditional fixed double chuck structure. 4. This invention can automatically match the optimal clamping span of the workpiece, effectively avoiding two types of defects in traditional fixtures: first, excessively short chuck spacing leads to concentrated clamping fulcrums and a large suspended span of the lower section of the workpiece, causing workpiece vibration, swaying, and localized damage to the inner hole; second, excessively long chuck spacing results in the failure of a single set of chucks being suspended and reverting to single-point clamping. Through optimal central force support, it ensures balanced force during pipe clamping, significantly improving the dimensional accuracy and coaxiality of subsequent assembly and machining. 5. This invention relies on the coordinated operation of a spline telescopic structure, a proportional transmission mechanism, and a length recognition structure to automatically complete the entire process of clamping, alignment, length recognition, chuck spacing adjustment, and inner hole clamping, eliminating the need for manual measurement and adjustment of the fixture structure. The overall operation is stable, requiring no electrical control assistance, and the structure is simple and reliable, effectively shortening changeover and debugging time. It is suitable for large-scale, rapid clamping and assembly of tubular metal castings, significantly improving production efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall external structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the suspension frame of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the initial positional relationship between the load-bearing mounting assembly, the annular cover, and the mounting head of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the telescopic component structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the drive assembly and rotation assembly of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping component structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the first clamp and the second clamp on the clamping assembly of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the annular cover, the mounting head, and the telescopic component of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the adjustment component, transmission component, and identification component of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the identification component structure of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustment component and transmission component of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the positioning disk and the annular cover in the initial state of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing the changes in the stroke of the active rack and passive rack during the adjustment process of the adjustment component of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the transmission changes of the identification component, adjustment component, and transmission component of the present invention.

[0016] In the diagram: 101-Suspension bracket; 102-Operating table; 103-Slide table; 104-Mounting head; 105-Drive component; 201-Mounting bracket; 202-Bearing sleeve; 3-Annular cover; 401-First chuck; 402-Second chuck; 403-Annular plate; 404-Slide groove; 405-Slider; 406-Fixing rod; 407-Mounting rod; 501-Drive ring; 502-Inclined groove; 503-Transmission... Moving pin; 601-Gear ring; 602-Third gear; 603-Drive motor; 701-Splined sleeve; 702-Splined bushing; 703-Spring; 801-Driving rack; 802-Driven rack; 803-First mounting shaft; 804-Second mounting shaft; 805-First gear; 806-Second gear; 901-Mounting ring; 902-Connecting block; 1001-Positioning disc; 1002-Round rod. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Example 1

[0019] Please see Figures 1-14 The figure shows a quick clamping and positioning fixture for metal castings, including a suspension frame 101 and an operating table 102 disposed below the suspension frame 101. A slide table 103 is slidably connected to the suspension frame 101. A moving component for assisting movement is disposed between the slide table 103 and the suspension frame 101. An installation head 104 is disposed between the slide table 103 and the operating table 102. A drive component 105 for assisting the installation head 104 in turning and lifting is disposed between the installation head 104 and the slide table 103. The fixture is used for clamping tubular metal castings during assembly operations. It should be noted here that: the moving parts on the suspension frame 101 cooperate with the sliding table 103 to slide, and the drive component 105 controls the mounting head 104 to achieve lifting and steering adjustment, so that the mounting head 104 and the annular cover 3 on one side are coaxially aligned with the tubular metal casting, completing the pre-alignment preparation work between the fixture and the workpiece. The suspension frame 101, the operating table 102, the sliding table 103, the mounting head 104 and the drive component 105 form a platform for clamping and assembling the tubular workpiece. In addition, the moving part and the driving part 105 are conventional driving parts in this application, and their working principle and control method will not be described in detail here. Also includes: The support and mounting assembly is set on the operating table 102 and is used for the support and mounting of tubular metal castings, and assists in the quick positioning and clamping of tubular metal castings. An annular cover 3 is disposed on one side of the mounting head 104. A telescopic component for assisting telescopic connection is provided between the annular cover 3 and the mounting head 104. A clamping component for abutting and clamping against the inner hole of the metal casting is provided on the inner side of the annular cover 3. The clamping component includes multiple sets of first clamps 401 and second clamps 402 arranged in a ring array on the inner side of the annular cover 3. Each set of first clamps 401 and second clamps 402 is arranged in an alternating manner. One end of the first clamps 401 and second clamps 402 protrudes from the side of the annular cover 3 away from the mounting head 104. It should be noted here that: in the initial state, the first chuck 401 and the second chuck 402 are set flush with each other; The inner side of the annular cover 3 is provided with a drive assembly for driving the first chuck 401 and the second chuck 402; In addition, an adjustment component is provided on the telescopic assembly for adjusting and controlling the position of the second chuck 402. A transmission component for auxiliary transmission is provided between the adjustment component and the second chuck 402. An identification component for identifying the axial length of the tubular metal casting is provided on the mounting head 104. Under the action of the identification component, the transmission component and the adjustment component, the clamping distance between the first chuck 401 and the second chuck 402 is adjusted and controlled so that the clamping distance between the first chuck 401 and the second chuck 402 is half of the axial length of the tubular metal casting. It should be noted that, through the cooperation of the telescopic component, clamping component, adjusting component, and transmission component, a double-layer chuck clamping structure with adaptive proportional adjustment is adopted. This overcomes the shortcomings of traditional single-set clamping fixtures, such as easy sagging and swaying, easy deformation due to tension, and the inability of fixed double chucks to adapt to castings of different lengths and unreasonable clamping spacing. In addition, the recognition component accurately identifies the total axial length of the casting, and in conjunction with the transmission structure, automatically adjusts the axial spacing between the second chuck 402 and the first chuck 401, so that the two sets of chucks always maintain the optimal clamping span at half the length of the casting. This effectively avoids the problems of force concentration due to excessively short chuck spacing, workpiece vibration damaging the inner hole, or single chuck failure due to excessively long spacing.

[0020] Preferably, the clamping assembly further includes an annular plate 403 fixed inside the annular cover 3. The annular plate 403 has multiple sets of sliding grooves 404 arranged in an annular array. Sliding sliders 405 are slidably connected inside the sliding grooves 404. Each set of sliding sliders 405 is respectively set to correspond one-to-one with each set of first clamps 401 and second clamps 402. The first clamps 401 and the sliding sliders 405 are connected and fixed by multiple sets of fixing rods 406. Multiple sets of mounting rods 407 are fixed on the second clamps 402. The mounting rods 407 are slidably connected to the corresponding sliding sliders 405. It should be noted here that: through transmission, the axial distance between the second chuck 402 and the first chuck 401 is adjusted in real time. After the distance is adjusted, through transmission, the staggered first chuck 401 and second chuck 402 are synchronously supported externally and clamped against the inner wall of the tubular metal casting. By using different sets of first chuck 401 and second chuck 402 at different axial positions in the inner hole of the tubular metal casting, two-point layered clamping is achieved. Compared with the traditional single-circle single-set chuck clamping method, two-point layered clamping can effectively disperse the tension force of the inner hole, avoid the problem of workpiece swaying due to insufficient clamping force of a single set, and eliminate the defects of single-point concentrated force and excessive tension force causing the precision-machined inner hole to be out of round and the cylinder wall to be deformed, which greatly improves the stability and protection of single-end clamping.

[0021] Preferably, the telescopic assembly includes a splined cylinder 701 fixed to the mounting head 104, a splined sleeve 702 slidably connected to the inner side of the splined cylinder 701, the splined cylinder 701 and the splined sleeve 702 being axially slidable by splines, an annular cover 3 being fixed to the end of the splined sleeve 702 away from the splined cylinder 701, and the splined cylinder 701, the splined sleeve 702 and the annular cover 3 being concentrically arranged, and a spring 703 being sleeved on the outer side of the splined sleeve 702; It should be noted here that the splined sleeve 701 and splined tube 702 facilitate the retractable connection between the mounting head 104 and the annular cover 3. In addition, in the initial state, the spline sleeve 702 extends outward away from the spline cylinder 701 by the elastic force of the spring 703. During the extension process, the spline sleeve 702 is positioned by the cooperation of the positioning pin and the positioning hole between the spline cylinder 701 and the spline sleeve 702. Through the positioning action and the installation and positioning action of the annular cover 3 on the spline sleeve 702, the annular cover 3 in the initial state is flush with the positioning plate 1001. In this application, the positioning and fitting of the positioning pin and the positioning hole is a conventional technical means, and its installation position and positioning principle are well known technologies, so they will not be described in detail here.

[0022] Preferably, the adjustment assembly includes a driving rack 801 and a driven rack 802 disposed inside the spline sleeve 701. One end of the driving rack 801 is fixed to the mounting head 104. A first mounting shaft 803 and a second mounting shaft 804 are rotatably connected inside the spline sleeve 702. The first mounting shaft 803 and the second mounting shaft 804 are located between the driving rack 801 and the driven rack 802. A first gear 805 is fixed on the first mounting shaft 803 and meshes with the driving rack 801. A second gear 806 is fixed on the second mounting shaft 804 and meshes with the driven rack 802. The first gear 805 and the second gear 806 mesh with each other, and the gear ratio of the first gear 805 to the second gear 806 is 2:1. It should be noted here that: the moving component drives the mounting head 104 and the annular cover 3 to move towards the clamping end of the tubular metal casting until the end face of the annular cover 3 and the end face of the clamping end of the tubular metal casting form a stop. At this time, the annular cover 3 and the spline sleeve 702 stop moving forward due to the obstruction of the workpiece end face, and their axial positions are fixed. Since the first chuck 401 is fixedly connected to the slider 405 inside the groove 404 of the annular plate 403 through the fixing rod 406, the axial position of the first chuck 401 is locked synchronously, forming a fixed clamping fulcrum. Subsequently, the mounting head 104 continues to move forward slightly, utilizing the axial sliding cooperation between the spline cylinder 701 and the spline sleeve 702 in the telescopic assembly, and the spring 70 on the outside of the spline sleeve 702. 3. To achieve elastic expansion and buffering, the mounting head 104 and the relatively stationary spline sleeve 702 and annular cover 3 undergo axial relative displacement. During the relative movement of the mounting head 104, the active rack 801 fixed inside the mounting head 104 moves synchronously with the mounting head 104. During the movement of the active rack 801, the active rack 801 and the first gear 805 mesh with each other to drive the first gear 805 on the first mounting shaft 803 to rotate. During the rotation of the first gear 805, the first gear 805 meshes with the second gear 806 on the second mounting shaft 804 to drive each other. Then, the second gear 806 meshes with the passive rack 802 to drive the passive rack 802 to move towards the tubular metal casting. During this matching process, the active rack 801 moves synchronously with the mounting head 104. The first gear 805 and the second gear 806 mesh with each other using a fixed gear ratio of 2:1. The two sets of gears rotate independently through the first mounting shaft 803 and the second mounting shaft 804 respectively, with the same angular velocity. The linear displacement is proportional to the pitch circle radius of the gear, so that the travel of the passive rack 802 is half the travel of the active rack 801.

[0023] Preferably, the transmission assembly includes a mounting ring 901 disposed inside the spline sleeve 702, and the end of the mounting rod 407 away from the second clamp 402 is slidably connected to one side of the mounting ring 901. It should be noted here that: through the sliding connection, the mounting rod 407 can slide radially on one side of the mounting ring 901, and when the mounting ring 901 moves axially, it can drive the mounting rod 407 to move axially synchronously. A connecting block 902 is fixed to the inner side of the mounting ring 901, and one end of the passive rack 802 is fixed to the connecting block 902; It should be noted that during the movement of the passive rack 802, the connecting block 902, mounting ring 901 and mounting rod 407 at the end of the passive rack 802 drive the second chuck 402 to move axially relative to the annular cover 3, thereby adjusting the axial distance between the second chuck 402 and the first chuck 401 in real time.

[0024] Preferably, the identification component includes a positioning disk 1001 centrally located inside the annular cover 3. The positioning disk 1001 and the side of the annular cover 3 away from the mounting head 104 are flush. The positioning disk 1001 and the mounting head 104 are connected and fixed by multiple sets of round rods 1002. The round rods 1002 are located inside the spline sleeve 702 and the spline cylinder 701. It should be noted that during the entire clamping process, as the mounting head 104 continuously feeds relative to the annular cover 3, the mounting head 104 drives the positioning disk 1001 to move axially synchronously through multiple sets of round rods 1002. In the initial state, the end face of the positioning disk 1001 is flush with the end face of the annular cover 3, and one end of the annular cover 3 is abutted and limited by one end of the tubular metal casting. When the positioning disk 1001 continues to extend into the tubular metal casting until it abuts and is limited by the inner wall of the bottom bearing sleeve 202, the positioning disk 1001 stops moving. At this time, the relative moving distance between the mounting head 104 and the positioning disk 1001 is equal to the actual total axial length of the tubular metal casting.

[0025] Preferably, the driving assembly includes a driving ring 501 rotatably connected inside the annular cover 3. The driving ring 501 has multiple sets of inclined grooves 502. A transmission pin 503 is slidably connected to the inclined groove 502. One end of each set of transmission pins 503 is fixed to each set of sliders 405. The annular cover 3 is provided with a rotating assembly for rotating the driving ring 501. It should be noted here that: by rotating the assembly, the drive ring 501 is subjected to force and rotates inside the annular cover 3. During the rotation of the drive ring 501, the inclined groove 502 on the drive ring 501 and the transmission pin 503 are used to drive each group of sliders 405 to slide radially along the groove 404 of the annular plate 403. During the movement of each group of sliders 405, through the connection of the fixed rod 406 and the mounting rod 407, the staggered first clamp 401 and second clamp 402 are synchronously supported externally and clamped against the inner wall of the tubular metal casting.

[0026] Preferably, the rotating assembly includes a gear ring 601 fixed to one side of the drive ring 501, the gear ring 601 and the drive ring 501 are concentrically arranged, a third gear 602 is provided inside the annular cover 3, the third gear 602 is meshed with the gear ring 601, and a drive motor 603 for driving the third gear 602 is installed on the outside of the annular cover 3. It should be noted here that: the third gear 602 is driven to rotate by the drive motor 603. During the rotation of the third gear 602, the drive ring 501 is rotated inside the annular cover 3 by the mutual meshing transmission between the third gear 602 and the gear ring 601. In addition, the working principle and control method of the drive motor 603 are common drive components, and will not be described in detail here.

[0027] Preferably, the support mounting assembly includes a mounting frame 201 fixed on the operating table 102, and a support sleeve 202 for connecting the tubular metal casting is fixed on the mounting frame 201. One end of the tubular metal casting facing the inside of the support sleeve 202 is the assembly end, and the other end of the tubular metal casting is the clamping end. It should be noted here that when assembling tubular metal castings, the tubular metal castings to be assembled are placed on the bearing mounting assembly of the operating table 102. During the placement process, the tubular metal castings are fitted and fitted inside the bearing sleeve 202, and the assembly end of the tubular metal castings abuts against the inner side of the bearing sleeve 202. Through the fitting and abutting action, the tubular metal castings are supported and positioned to ensure that the tubular metal castings are horizontally aligned and without skewing.

[0028] In this solution, a quick clamping and positioning fixture for metal castings includes the following steps: When assembling tubular metal castings, the tubular metal castings to be assembled are placed on the support mounting assembly of the operating table 102. During the placement process, the tubular metal castings are fitted and fitted inside the support sleeve 202, and the assembly end of the tubular metal castings abuts against the inner side of the support sleeve 202. Through the fitting and abutting action, the tubular metal castings are supported and positioned to ensure that the tubular metal castings are horizontally aligned and without skewing. Then, the moving parts on the suspension frame 101 cooperate with the slide table 103 to slide, and the drive component 105 controls the mounting head 104 to achieve lifting and steering adjustment, so that the mounting head 104 and the annular cover 3 on one side are coaxially aligned with the tubular metal castings, completing the pre-alignment preparation work of the fixture and the workpiece. After pre-alignment, the moving component drives the mounting head 104 and the annular cover 3 to move towards the clamping end of the tubular metal casting until the end face of the annular cover 3 and the end face of the clamping end of the tubular metal casting form a stop (see...). Figure 14 In the intermediate state, the annular cover 3 and spline sleeve 702 are blocked by the workpiece end face and stop moving forward, with their axial positions fixed. Since the first chuck 401 is fixedly connected to the slider 405 inside the groove 404 of the annular plate 403 through the fixing rod 406, the axial position of the first chuck 401 is locked synchronously, forming a fixed clamping fulcrum. Subsequently, the mounting head 104 continues to feed forward slightly, utilizing the axial sliding cooperation between the spline cylinder 701 and the spline sleeve 702 in the telescopic assembly, and the elastic telescopic buffering achieved by the spring 703 sleeved on the outside of the spline sleeve 702, so that the mounting head 104 and the relatively stationary spline sleeve 702 and annular cover 3 undergo axial relative displacement. During the relative movement of the mounting head 104, the active rack 801 fixed on the inner side of the mounting head 104 moves with the mounting head. 104 moves synchronously. During the movement of the active rack 801, the active rack 801 and the first gear 805 mesh with each other, driving the first gear 805 on the first mounting shaft 803 to rotate. During the rotation of the first gear 805, the first gear 805 meshes with the second gear 806 on the second mounting shaft 804, and then the second gear 806 meshes with the passive rack 802, driving the passive rack 802 to move towards the tubular metal casting. During the movement of the passive rack 802, the connecting block 902, mounting ring 901 and mounting rod 407 at the end of the passive rack 802 drive the second chuck 402 to move axially relative to the annular cover 3, and adjust the axial distance between the second chuck 402 and the first chuck 401 in real time (see...). Figure 14 (Bottom status) After the spacing adjustment is completed, the third gear 602 is driven to rotate by the drive motor 603. During the rotation of the third gear 602, the drive ring 501 is rotated inside the annular cover 3 due to the meshing transmission between the third gear 602 and the gear ring 601. During the rotation of the drive ring 501, the inclined groove 502 on the drive ring 501 and the transmission pin 503 are used to drive each group of sliders 405 to slide radially along the groove 404 of the annular plate 403. During the movement of each group of sliders 405, the first chuck 401 and the second chuck 402, which are arranged in a staggered manner, are synchronously supported externally and abut against the inner wall of the tubular metal casting through the connection of the fixed rod 406 and the mounting rod 407. Two-point layered clamping is achieved in the same position. Compared with the traditional single-ring single-group chuck clamping method, two-point layered clamping can effectively disperse the tension force of the inner hole, avoid the problem of workpiece falling and swaying due to insufficient clamping force of a single group, and at the same time, it can eliminate the defects of single-point concentrated force and excessive tension force causing the precision-machined inner hole to be out of round and the cylinder wall to be deformed. It greatly improves the stability and protection of single-end clamping. After clamping, the clamped tubular workpiece is removed from the bearing sleeve 202 by moving the mounting head 104 and the clamping state of the tubular workpiece is maintained. At this time, the suspension frame 101, operating table 102, slide table 103, mounting head 104 and driving component 105 form a platform for clamping and assembling the tubular workpiece. According to the assembly requirements, the assembly operation of the clamped tubular workpiece is carried out on the assembly platform by moving the slide table 103 and the mounting head 104. Throughout the clamping process, as the mounting head 104 continuously feeds relative to the annular cover 3, the mounting head 104 drives the positioning disk 1001 to move axially synchronously via multiple sets of round rods 1002. Initially, the end face of the positioning disk 1001 is flush with the end face of the annular cover 3, and one end of the annular cover 3 is abutted and limited against one end of the tubular metal casting. When the positioning disk 1001 continues to extend into the tubular metal casting until it abuts and is limited against the inner wall of the bottom bearing sleeve 202, the positioning disk 1001 stops moving. At this time, the mounting head 104 and the positioning disk 1001... The relative movement distance of 01 is equal to the actual total axial length of the tubular metal casting. During this stroke matching process, the driving rack 801 moves synchronously with the mounting head 104. The first gear 805 and the second gear 806 mesh with each other using a fixed gear ratio of 2:1. The two sets of gears rotate independently through the first mounting shaft 803 and the second mounting shaft 804 respectively, with the same angular velocity. The linear displacement is proportional to the pitch circle radius of the gear, so that the movement stroke of the driven rack 802 is half the movement stroke of the driving rack 801 (see...). Figure 13In the initial state, the passive rack 802 moves synchronously with the second chuck 402 through the mounting ring 901 and mounting rod 407, ultimately making the axial clamping distance between the second chuck 402 and the fixed-position first chuck 401 equal to half the overall axial length of the tubular metal casting (initially, the first chuck 401 and the second chuck 402 are flush). Through this adaptive proportional adjustment structure, the optimal clamping span can be automatically matched according to tubular metal castings of different lengths. This avoids problems such as concentrated clamping fulcrums, large suspended span of the lower section of the workpiece, swaying due to self-weight, and local stress concentration damaging the inner hole due to excessively short distances between the second chuck 402 and the first chuck 401. At the same time, it also avoids defects such as single-set chuck suspension failure and return to single-fulcrum clamping due to excessively long distances between the second chuck 402 and the first chuck 401.

[0029] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0030] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A quick clamping and positioning fixture for metal castings, comprising: A suspension frame (101) and an operating table (102) disposed below the suspension frame (101) are provided. A slide table (103) is slidably connected to the suspension frame (101). A moving component for assisting movement is provided between the slide table (103) and the suspension frame (101). An installation head (104) is provided between the slide table (103) and the operating table (102). A drive component (105) for assisting the installation head (104) in turning and lifting is provided between the installation head (104) and the slide table (103). The clamp is used for clamping during the assembly process of tubular metal castings. Its characteristic is that it further includes: The support and installation assembly is set on the operating table (102) for the support and installation of tubular metal castings and to assist in the quick positioning and clamping of tubular metal castings; An annular cover (3) is disposed on one side of the mounting head (104). A telescopic component for assisting telescopic connection is provided between the annular cover (3) and the mounting head (104). A clamping component for clamping against the inner hole of the metal casting is provided on the inner side of the annular cover (3). The clamping component includes multiple sets of first clamps (401) and second clamps (402) arranged in a ring array on the inner side of the annular cover (3). Each set of first clamps (401) and second clamps (402) is arranged in an alternating state. One end of the first clamp (401) and the second clamp (402) protrudes from the side of the annular cover (3) away from the mounting head (104). A driving component for driving the first clamps (401) and the second clamps (402) is provided on the inner side of the annular cover (3). In addition, an adjustment component is provided on the telescopic assembly for adjusting and controlling the position of the second chuck (402). A transmission component for auxiliary transmission is provided between the adjustment component and the second chuck (402). An identification component for identifying the axial length of the tubular metal casting is provided on the mounting head (104). Under the action of the identification component, the transmission component and the adjustment component, the clamping distance between the first chuck (401) and the second chuck (402) is adjusted and controlled so that the clamping distance between the first chuck (401) and the second chuck (402) is half of the axial length of the tubular metal casting.

2. The quick clamping and positioning fixture for metal castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping assembly also includes an annular plate (403) fixed inside the annular cover (3). The annular plate (403) has multiple sets of sliding grooves (404) arranged in an annular array. Slider (405) is slidably connected inside the sliding groove (404). Each set of sliders (405) is respectively set to correspond one-to-one with each set of first clamps (401) and second clamps (402). The first clamps (401) and sliders (405) are connected and fixed by multiple sets of fixing rods (406). Multiple sets of mounting rods (407) are fixed on the second clamps (402). The mounting rods (407) are slidably connected to the corresponding sliders (405).

3. The quick clamping and positioning fixture for metal castings according to claim 2, characterized in that: The telescopic assembly includes a splined cylinder (701) fixed on the mounting head (104). A splined sleeve (702) is slidably connected to the inner side of the splined cylinder (701). The splined cylinder (701) and the splined sleeve (702) can slide axially through the spline. The annular cover (3) is fixed to the end of the splined sleeve (702) away from the splined cylinder (701). The splined cylinder (701), the splined sleeve (702) and the annular cover (3) are concentrically arranged. A spring (703) is sleeved on the outer side of the splined sleeve (702).

4. A quick clamping and positioning fixture for metal castings according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly includes an active rack (801) and a passive rack (802) disposed inside the spline sleeve (701). One end of the active rack (801) is fixed to the mounting head (104). The spline sleeve (702) is rotatably connected to a first mounting shaft (803) and a second mounting shaft (804). The first mounting shaft (803) and the second mounting shaft (804) are located between the active rack (801) and the passive rack (802). A first gear (805) is fixed on the first mounting shaft (803) and meshes with the active rack (801). A second gear (806) is fixed on the second mounting shaft (804) and meshes with the passive rack (802). The first gear (805) and the second gear (806) mesh with each other, and the gear ratio of the first gear (805) to the second gear (806) is 2:

1.

5. A quick clamping and positioning fixture for metal castings according to claim 4, characterized in that: The transmission assembly includes a mounting ring (901) disposed inside a spline sleeve (702), and the end of the mounting rod (407) away from the second chuck (402) is slidably connected to one side of the mounting ring (901). A connecting block (902) is fixed to the inner side of the mounting ring (901), and one end of the passive rack (802) is fixed to the connecting block (902).

6. A quick clamping and positioning fixture for metal castings according to claim 5, characterized in that: The identification component includes a positioning disk (1001) centrally located inside the annular cover (3). The positioning disk (1001) and the annular cover (3) are flush with each other on the side away from the mounting head (104). The positioning disk (1001) and the mounting head (104) are connected and fixed by multiple sets of round rods (1002). The round rods (1002) are located inside the spline sleeve (702) and the spline cylinder (701).

7. A quick clamping and positioning fixture for metal castings according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving assembly includes a driving ring (501) rotatably connected inside the annular cover (3). The driving ring (501) has multiple sets of inclined grooves (502). A transmission pin (503) is slidably connected to the inclined groove (502). One end of each set of transmission pins (503) is fixed to each set of sliders (405). The annular cover (3) is provided with a rotating assembly for rotating the driving ring (501).

8. A quick clamping and positioning fixture for metal castings according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rotating assembly includes a gear ring (601) fixed to one side of the drive ring (501), the gear ring (601) and the drive ring (501) are concentrically arranged, a third gear (602) is arranged inside the annular cover (3), the third gear (602) and the gear ring (601) are meshed with each other, and a drive motor (603) for driving the third gear (602) is installed on the outside of the annular cover (3).

9. A quick clamping and positioning fixture for metal castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The load-bearing installation assembly includes a mounting bracket (201) fixed on the operating table (102). A load-bearing sleeve (202) for connecting tubular metal castings is fixed on the mounting bracket (201). One end of the tubular metal casting facing the inside of the load-bearing sleeve (202) is the assembly end, and the other end of the tubular metal casting is the clamping end.

Images