A power distribution and queuing scheduling method for a charging pile group

Abstract

The application relates to the field of electric vehicle charging scheduling, and discloses a power distribution and queuing scheduling method for a charging pile group, which comprises the following steps: acquiring station power parameters, energy storage system operation parameters, charging terminal operation parameters, charging vehicle parameters and queuing vehicle parameters; determining port release sensitivity according to the difference between the predicted remaining occupation time before and after adding a power increment, determining compatible queue pressure according to the waiting time and the start charging time margin of the compatible queuing vehicles, and determining the marginal revenue of port release in combination with the power adjustment cost; determining and distributing the locked power block according to the residual demand power and the target completion time, and distributing the power increment according to the marginal revenue of port release. The charging power and the energy storage power are cooperatively distributed through the port release sensitivity, the compatible queue pressure and the energy storage queuing relief benefit, the queuing waiting time can be shortened, the invalid discharge can be reduced, and the stability of the scheduling result can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electric vehicle charging scheduling technology, specifically a power allocation and queuing scheduling method for a group of charging piles. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing demand for centralized charging of electric vehicles, charging stations are simultaneously limited by grid-connected capacity, the number of charging terminals, and energy storage output capacity. To improve the utilization efficiency of limited power and charging ports, it is necessary to coordinate the power allocation of vehicles charging, energy storage discharge, and the entry sequence of vehicles in the queue.

[0003] Existing technologies typically arrange queuing based on vehicle arrival order, remaining battery power, target completion time, or preset priority, and allocate charging power according to the vehicle's requested power, the charging terminal's rated power, and the station's remaining capacity. Stations equipped with energy storage systems can also control energy storage discharge based on grid-connected power or the energy storage's state of charge.

[0004] While existing technologies can perform basic power allocation and queuing scheduling, some shortcomings remain: power allocation typically does not consider the impact of incremental power on the release time of charging ports, resulting in no corresponding improvement in queuing waiting time after power allocation; energy storage discharge mainly relies on grid-connected power and remaining energy, without considering the effect of early port release, which can easily lead to ineffective discharge; queuing results depend on the expected end time, and when the actual power deviates, reordering is required, which can easily cause frequent changes in scheduling results. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a power allocation and queuing scheduling method for charging pile groups, which solves the problems in existing technologies where charging power allocation, energy storage discharge control, and queuing scheduling are independent, resulting in low port release efficiency, unreasonable energy storage utilization, and frequent changes in queuing results.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a power allocation and queuing scheduling method for a charging pile group, comprising the following steps: Acquire power parameters of the power station, operating parameters of the energy storage system, operating parameters of the charging terminal, parameters of vehicles charging, and parameters of vehicles in the queue; Port release sensitivity is determined based on the difference in expected remaining occupied time before and after adding a power increment; compatibility queue pressure is determined based on the waiting time of compatible queued vehicles and the start-charging time margin; and the marginal benefit of port release is determined in conjunction with the power adjustment cost. The locked power blocks are determined and allocated based on the remaining power demand and the target completion time, and the power increment is allocated according to the marginal benefit of port release. When the available power of the site is insufficient, the energy storage power is allocated based on the energy storage queuing relief revenue determined by the available output power, the port early release time, the compatibility queue pressure and the output power of the energy storage AC side. Based on the allocation results, a port release event is generated and matched with queued vehicles. Local updates are performed based on operational feedback.

[0007] Preferably, determining the deliverable output power includes: Within a statistical window during which the energy storage system is continuously discharged and there is no switching of charging / discharging states, faults, or correction of the remaining energy of the energy storage battery, the changes in the AC side output power, DC side input power, and remaining energy of the energy storage battery of the energy storage converter are obtained. The discharge conversion efficiency is determined based on the AC side output power and the DC side input power. The energy closure error rate is determined based on the deviation between the change in the remaining energy of the energy storage battery and the DC side input power. The energy reliability coefficient is determined based on the energy closure error rate. The corrected available energy is determined based on the difference between the current remaining energy of the energy storage battery and the minimum reserved energy, as well as the energy reliability coefficient. The minimum value among the allowable output power of the energy storage converter, the allowable discharge power of the energy storage battery converted by the discharge conversion efficiency, the temperature-limited power converted by the discharge conversion efficiency, and the AC side output power corresponding to the corrected available energy within a set duration is determined as the realized output power. When the energy storage system is in a fault state or a discharge lockout state, or when the energy reliability coefficient is zero, the realizable output power is determined to be zero.

[0008] Preferably, determining the port release sensitivity includes: Obtain the power command, actual output power, vehicle requested power, remaining power demand, and rated power of the charging terminal for the vehicle being charged; When the increase in power command reaches the set identification threshold, the vehicle's requested power does not decrease, the charging terminal does not limit power, or there is a communication abnormality or malfunction, the absorption coefficient is determined based on the ratio of the actual increase in output power to the increase in power command, and the absorption coefficient is limited to between zero and one. The minimum value of the power increment is corrected according to the absorption coefficient to obtain the expected actual incremental power absorption; Based on the expected actual output power before and after the power increment, the expected remaining occupancy time before and after the power increment is determined respectively, and the ratio of the difference between the two expected remaining occupancy times to the power increment is determined as the port release sensitivity; The estimated remaining occupancy time includes the estimated remaining charging time and the departure time after charging is completed. When the estimated actual incremental power absorbed is zero, the port release sensitivity is determined to be zero.

[0009] Preferably, determining the compatibility queue pressure and port release marginal benefit includes: Vehicles with the same interface type and communication protocol, whose allowed input voltage range overlaps with the output voltage range of the charging terminal, and whose charging terminal can provide the minimum starting power within the overlapping range, are identified as compatible queuing vehicles for the corresponding charging terminal. The compatibility queue pressure of the corresponding charging terminal is determined based on the waiting time of the compatible queuing vehicles and the time difference between the latest allowed start time of charging and the current time. The port release benefit is determined by multiplying the port release sensitivity by the compatibility queue pressure, and the power adjustment cost is determined by the number of power command adjustments within a set statistical period and the number of power module switching operations required to allocate a power increment. The marginal benefit of port release is determined based on the difference between the port release benefit and the power adjustment cost; When the difference is less than zero, or when the port release sensitivity or compatibility queue pressure is zero, the marginal benefit of port release is determined to be zero.

[0010] Preferably, the process of determining and allocating the locked power block includes: The available power of the power station base is determined based on the grid-connected power limit of the power station, the currently available output power of the distributed power source, the auxiliary load power, and the power distribution safety margin. The minimum value among the vehicle's requested power, the charging terminal's rated power, and the remaining allowable power of the corresponding power resource group is determined as the upper limit of charging power. The power resource group is a set of devices consisting of multiple charging terminals constrained by the same upper limit of power. The average power demand is determined based on the ratio of the remaining required power to the remaining allowed charging time, where the remaining allowed charging time is the time difference between the current moment and the target completion moment. Within the upper limit of the charging power, the larger value between the average required power and the minimum continuous output power is determined as the locked power block; From the time the power command corresponding to the locked power block takes effect, the locked power block shall be retained within the set retention period, except when the grid-connected power limit of the station is reduced, the power requested by the vehicle is reduced, the charging terminal fails, the capacity of the power resource group is reduced, or the vehicle finishes charging. When the sum of all locked power blocks exceeds the basic available power of the station, the lowest continuous output power that can be executed is reserved, and the remaining power is allocated from largest to smallest according to the ratio of the average demand power to the upper limit of the charging power; when the sum of all lowest continuous output power exceeds the basic available power of the station, the set of vehicles to continue charging is determined according to the ratio, and the output of charging terminals that have not entered the set of vehicles is suspended.

[0011] Preferably, the allocation of power increments according to the marginal benefit of port release includes: The base power is determined by the power allocated according to the locked power block or the power adjusted when the available power of the station foundation is insufficient, and the base power of each charging vehicle is subtracted from the available power of the station foundation to obtain the remaining power. When the charging terminal adopts the power module switching method, the power that an available power module can provide under the current output voltage is determined as the power increment; when the charging terminal adopts the continuous adjustment method, the minimum stable adjustment value of the charging terminal is determined as the power increment. Candidate charging terminals are those with a port release marginal benefit greater than zero, a vehicle with a power absorption margin, a charging terminal with an output margin, and a corresponding power resource group with a capacity margin. Select the charging terminal with the largest marginal benefit of port release from the candidate charging terminals, allocate an executable power increment to the selected charging terminal, and update the remaining power, expected remaining occupancy time, port release sensitivity and port release marginal benefit after each allocation. When the remaining power is insufficient to form any executable power increment, or when all candidate charging terminals reach the corresponding charging power limit, the allocation of the power increment is stopped.

[0012] Preferably, the allocation of energy storage power includes: When the available power of the site is insufficient to form a new power increment, the energy storage system is not in a fault state or a discharge lockout state, the achievable output power is not less than the minimum executable power increment and there is no unused distributed power output power, the conditions for energy storage input are determined to be met. A charging terminal that meets the power increment requirements is identified as an energy storage candidate terminal, provided that the marginal revenue from port release reaches the marginal revenue threshold and the vehicle's absorbable power margin, the charging terminal's output margin, and the corresponding power resource group's capacity margin all meet the power increment requirements. For each energy storage candidate terminal, determine the expected remaining occupancy time before and after adding an energy storage power increment, and determine the port early release time based on the difference between the two expected remaining occupancy times; The energy storage queuing relief benefit is determined based on the ratio of the product of the compatibility queue pressure and the port early release time to the energy storage AC side output power. The energy storage AC side output power is determined based on the energy storage AC side power allocated to the corresponding charging terminal and the expected hold time. When the port release time is greater than zero and the energy storage queuing relief benefit reaches the relief benefit threshold, the energy storage power is allocated in descending order of the energy storage queuing relief benefit, and the expected remaining occupancy time and energy storage queuing relief benefit of the corresponding charging terminal are updated after each allocation. The total allocated energy storage power shall not exceed the redeemable output power, the allowable receiving power of the charging bus, and the allowable transmission power of the internal lines of the site.

[0013] Preferably, the allocation of energy storage power further includes: Before increasing the power command of the charging terminal, a discharge power command is sent to the energy storage converter, and after the actual output power of the energy storage converter enters the allowable deviation range of the target discharge power, a corresponding charging power increase command is sent. If the energy storage converter does not enter the allowable deviation range within the set response time limit, the corresponding energy storage power increment is canceled. When reducing the energy storage power, first reduce the power command of the corresponding charging terminal, and then reduce the discharge power command of the energy storage converter after the actual output power of the charging terminal decreases. When the current grid-connected power of the power station exceeds the grid-connected power limit, the requested power of the vehicle decreases, the realized output power decreases, or the energy storage queuing relief benefit is lower than the exit benefit threshold, the incremental energy storage power is cancelled in order of increasing energy storage queuing relief benefit.

[0014] Preferably, generating a port release event and matching queued vehicles includes: The estimated release time is determined based on the remaining battery demand of the vehicle being charged, the allocated charging power, the actual power response, and the time elapsed before departure. The range of release time is determined based on the historical release time deviation of similar charging terminals. Generate a port release event that includes an event identifier, a charging terminal identifier, an interface type, an expected release time, a release time range, and an event status, wherein the event status includes pending matching, matched, pending update, released, and invalid. When a parking space occupancy detection device is configured, the actual release condition of the port is when the vehicle finishes charging and the corresponding parking space changes from occupied to vacant. When a parking space occupancy detection device is not configured, the actual release time of the port is the time corresponding to the sum of the charging connection termination time and the departure time. Based on interface type, communication protocol, output voltage range, output current range, minimum starting power, and parking space usage conditions, establish a compatibility matching relationship between queued vehicles and port release events; The matching order is determined based on the waiting time of the queued vehicles, the latest allowed start time of charging, the compatibility between the vehicle's allowed charging power and the charging terminal's output capacity, and the range of release times. The matching relationship between the queued vehicles and the port release event is established according to the matching order. The affected matching relationship will be terminated when a vehicle leaves the queue, compatibility conditions change, port release events fail, or the expected release time exceeds the original release time range.

[0015] Preferably, the step of performing partial updates based on operational feedback includes: The communication confirmation status of the power command is determined based on the command reception results returned by the charging terminal and the energy storage converter, and the execution status of the power command is determined based on the actual output power of the charging terminal and the energy storage converter. The remaining power demand reported by the vehicle and the remaining power demand obtained from the output power of the charging terminal are converted to the output side of the charging terminal. If the difference between the two does not exceed the energy deviation threshold, the conversion result corresponding to the remaining power demand reported by the vehicle is adopted. When the difference between the two exceeds the energy deviation threshold, the larger of the two values ​​is used and the corresponding vehicle is marked as having energy data pending verification. When the actual output power deviation, the expected release time deviation, the realized output power change, the available power of the station base, the queued vehicles change, or the charging terminal failure reaches the corresponding update conditions, the charging terminal with the deviation, the power resource group consisting of multiple charging terminals constrained by the same power upper limit, the associated port release event, and the queued vehicles that have been matched are determined. Retain locked power blocks that have not met the release conditions, revoke power increments that cannot be executed, reallocate unlocked power increments, and update affected port release events and matching relationships; The total power of the charging terminals after partial updates shall not exceed the sum of the available power of the site and the actual output power of the energy storage. The total allocated power within the same power resource group shall not exceed the capacity limit of that power resource group. The set power of any charging terminal shall not exceed the vehicle's requested power and the rated power of the charging terminal.

[0016] This invention provides a method for power allocation and queuing scheduling of charging pile groups. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention determines the port release sensitivity based on the expected remaining occupancy time before and after power increase, and determines the marginal benefit of port release by combining the compatibility queue pressure and power adjustment cost, so that the remaining power is preferentially allocated to charging terminals that can release charging ports in advance and have corresponding high queuing pressure, thereby reducing ineffective power increase and queuing waiting time.

[0017] 2. This invention determines the realized output power based on the discharge conversion efficiency, energy closure error, remaining available energy, and operational limitations of the energy storage system, and allocates the energy storage power according to the port advance release time corresponding to the energy storage power and the compatibility queue pressure, so that the energy storage output matches the release demand of the charging port, reducing the risk of ineffective energy storage discharge and the power limit exceeding the grid connection limit of the power station.

[0018] 3. This invention generates port release events containing the expected release time and the range of release time, matches queued vehicles with compatible port release events, and performs local updates based on actual output power, energy storage operating status, and release time deviation. This reduces full reordering and frequent adjustments, and maintains consistency between charging power allocation and queuing scheduling results. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the power allocation and queuing scheduling method for charging pile groups according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0021] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly. Example

[0022] See attached document Figure 1 This invention provides a power allocation and queuing scheduling method for a charging pile group, comprising the following steps: S100: Obtain the grid-connected power limit value of the power station, the current grid-connected power, the output power of the distributed power source, the auxiliary load power, the operating parameters of the energy storage system, the operating parameters of the charging terminal, the parameters of the vehicles being charged and the parameters of the vehicles in the queue, and determine the realizable output power of the energy storage system. S200: Determine the port release sensitivity and compatibility queue pressure of each charging terminal, and calculate the marginal benefit of port release; S300. Determine the locked power block of each charging vehicle, divide the remaining available power of the station into power increments, and allocate the power increments according to the marginal benefit of port release. S400: When the grid-connected power of the station reaches the limit value and the marginal benefit of port release reaches the set threshold, control the energy storage system to discharge, generate a port release event, and match the queued vehicles with the port release event. S500 updates the power allocation results and port release events based on the actual output power of the charging terminal, the actual release time, and the operating status of the energy storage system, and issues charging power commands and energy storage discharge power commands.

[0023] The technical implementation details of the above steps are explained in detail below with reference to specific embodiments: In step S100, the following parameters are obtained: the grid-connected power limit of the power station, the current grid-connected power, the output power of the distributed power source, the auxiliary load power, the operating parameters of the energy storage system, the operating parameters of the charging terminal, the parameters of vehicles charging, and the parameters of vehicles in the queue. The available output power of the energy storage system is then determined. The available output power refers to the power that the energy storage system can continuously output to the AC bus within a set duration, without exceeding the operating limits of the energy storage converter, battery, and line.

[0024] S110. Obtain station operation data according to the set sampling period, and record the sampling time and equipment identification of each data.

[0025] The grid-connected power limit for a power station is determined by the station's distribution capacity or the power limit issued by the superior energy management device. The current grid-connected power is collected by the grid-connected metering device. The output power of distributed power sources is collected by the corresponding inverter or metering device. Auxiliary load power includes electrical power within the station that is not part of the vehicle charging load.

[0026] The operating parameters of the energy storage system include the AC output power of the energy storage converter, the DC input power, the current remaining energy of the energy storage battery, the minimum reserved energy, the allowable discharge power, the temperature, and the discharge lockout status. The AC output power is measured at the AC output terminal of the energy storage converter, and the DC input power is measured at the DC input terminal of the energy storage converter.

[0027] Charging terminal operating parameters include rated power, current power command, actual output power, interface type, and output range. Parameters for vehicles currently charging include requested voltage, requested current, remaining required charge, and target completion time. Parameters for vehicles in the queue include arrival time, interface type, allowed charging power, and latest allowed start time for charging.

[0028] For device communication and protocol parsing, those skilled in the art can use controller area network, Ethernet or serial communication according to the device interface. The implementation methods are well known in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0029] S120. Verify the validity of the collected data.

[0030] Data containing fault flags, communication interruption flags, or exceeding the device's measurement range is considered invalid. If the change in adjacent sampled values ​​exceeds the device's permissible range, and the device status does not change accordingly, that sampled value is not used in the calculation.

[0031] The discharge conversion efficiency is determined based on the AC-side output energy and DC-side input energy within the same statistical window. Within this statistical window, the energy storage system remains in a discharged state, and the DC-side input energy is not lower than a set energy benchmark value. If a charge / discharge state switch, equipment failure, or battery remaining energy correction occurs within the statistical window, that statistical window is discarded.

[0032] S130. Determine the energy closure error rate of the energy storage system.

[0033]

[0034]

[0035] In the formula, To calculate the reduction in remaining energy of the energy storage battery within the specified window, and These represent the remaining energy of the energy storage battery at the start and end times of the statistical window, respectively. For the DC side input power within the statistical window, To set an energy baseline value, This represents the energy closure error rate.

[0036] Determine the energy reliability coefficient based on the energy closure error rate:

[0037] In the formula, The energy reliability coefficient, To allow for energy closure error rate.

[0038] The available energy for correction is determined by the following formula:

[0039] In the formula, To correct available energy, The current remaining energy, To retain the minimum amount of energy.

[0040] S140. Determine the available output power of the energy storage system:

[0041] In the formula, To ensure that the output power can be realized, This refers to the allowable output power on the AC side of the energy storage converter. The allowable discharge power of the energy storage battery. Power is limited by temperature. For discharge conversion efficiency, To set the duration.

[0042] Temperature-limited power is output by the energy storage battery management system (ESS). If the ESS does not provide this data, it is determined based on the temperature-to-allowable discharge power correspondence provided by the battery manufacturer. When the energy storage system is in a discharge-locked state, the energy storage operation data is invalid, or the energy reliability coefficient is zero, the realized output power will be determined as zero.

[0043] In step S200, the port release sensitivity of the corresponding charging terminal is determined based on the actual power response of each charging vehicle, the compatibility queue pressure is determined based on the compatibility relationship between the queued vehicles and the charging terminal, and the port release marginal benefit is determined by combining the port release sensitivity and the compatibility queue pressure.

[0044] S210: Obtain the power command, actual output power, vehicle requested power, remaining power demand, and rated power of the charging terminal for each vehicle in charge during the continuous control cycle.

[0045] For DC charging terminals, the requested power of the vehicle is determined based on the requested voltage and current. For AC charging terminals, the allowed input active power reported by the vehicle or charging terminal is used as the requested power. The conventional conversion of AC charging power is well-known in the field and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0046] The smaller of the vehicle's requested power and the charging terminal's rated power is determined as the upper limit of charging power. The difference between the upper limit of charging power and the current actual output power is used to determine the vehicle's absorbable power margin.

[0047] If the power command remains unchanged for the set response time, and the fluctuation range of the actual output power does not exceed the set fluctuation threshold, the data within that response time is determined as valid power response data. The actual output power is represented by the average of the sampled values ​​within the response time. For the averaging of the sampled values, those skilled in the art can use arithmetic average or moving average methods, the implementation process of which is well known in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0048] When the increase in power command reaches the set identification threshold, the vehicle's requested power does not decrease during the response process, and the charging terminal does not experience power limiting, communication interruption, or malfunction, the absorption coefficient is determined based on the ratio of the actual increase in output power to the increase in power command. The absorption coefficient is limited to between zero and one.

[0049] If the power command change does not reach the set identification threshold, the response time is insufficient, or the vehicle's requested power decreases during the response process, the corresponding data will not be used to update the absorption coefficient. When multiple sets of valid power response data exist, the median of the most recently set number of absorption coefficients will be used.

[0050] When no effective power response data is available, the absorption coefficient is adopted as the lower limit value obtained through power step tests during the site commissioning phase; when no commissioning data is obtained, the absorption coefficient is set to 0.8 in this embodiment. After the effective power response is collected, the absorption coefficient is updated using the actual calculation results.

[0051] S220. Determine the actual incremental power that the vehicle is expected to absorb based on the power increment and absorption coefficient:

[0052] In the formula, For the first Each charging terminal corresponds to the actual incremental power that the vehicle is expected to absorb. The absorption coefficient is... For a power increment, Request power for the vehicle. This represents the current actual output power. The rated power of the charging terminal.

[0053] The estimated remaining charging time before increasing power is determined based on the remaining required charge and the current actual output power. The estimated remaining charging time after increasing power is determined based on the remaining required charge and the estimated actual output power after increasing power. The remaining required charge is obtained from data reported by the vehicle; if the vehicle does not directly report the remaining required charge, it is determined based on the target state of charge, the current state of charge, and the vehicle's available battery capacity. The conversion process is well-known in the field and will not be elaborated here.

[0054] When the current actual output power is lower than the set effective power threshold, the corresponding port release sensitivity is not calculated. When the vehicle's requested power decreases within a continuous control cycle, the current vehicle requested power is used as the upper limit of the expected actual output power.

[0055] Port release sensitivity is determined by the following formula:

[0056] In the formula, For the first The port release sensitivity of each charging terminal The estimated remaining occupancy time before increasing power. The estimated remaining usage time after increasing power. This represents a power increment.

[0057] The estimated remaining occupancy time includes the estimated remaining charging time and the departure time after charging is completed. The departure time is determined based on the historical records of similar charging spaces at the depot; if the historical records are insufficient, the depot's set value is used. When calculating the estimated remaining occupancy time before and after increasing the power for the same vehicle, the departure time remains unchanged.

[0058] When the expected actual incremental power absorbed is zero, the port release sensitivity is set to zero.

[0059] S230. Determine the compatibility relationship based on the parameters of the queued vehicles and the operating parameters of the charging terminal.

[0060] If the interface type and communication protocol of the queuing vehicle and the charging terminal are consistent, the vehicle's allowed input voltage range overlaps with the charging terminal's output voltage range, and within this overlapping range, the output power that the charging terminal can provide is not lower than the minimum starting power specified by the vehicle or the charging protocol, then the queuing vehicle and the charging terminal are considered compatible.

[0061] When a charging terminal has restrictions on parking space size, vehicle height, or entry / exit direction, the corresponding parking space usage conditions must also be met. If any compatibility condition is not met, the queuing vehicles are determined to be incompatible with the charging terminal. Queuing vehicles compatible with the same charging terminal are grouped into a compatible queue set for that charging terminal.

[0062] S240. Determine the compatibility queue pressure based on the waiting time and charging start time margin of each queued vehicle in the compatible queue set:

[0063] In the formula, For the first The compatibility queue pressure of each charging terminal The number of vehicles in the queue. For compatibility purposes, queued vehicles and the first If the charging terminal is compatible, take one; if it is incompatible, take zero. For the first The waiting time for the queuing vehicles is now [number] hours. As the baseline value for waiting time, The time difference between the current moment and the latest allowed start time for charging. This serves as the baseline value for time margin. and is the weighting coefficient, both of which are non-negative and their sum is one.

[0064] When no latest permitted start time for charging is provided for queued vehicles, the latest permitted start time is determined based on the vehicle's arrival time and the maximum waiting time set at the depot. If the latest permitted start time is earlier than the current time, the start time margin is treated as zero. Both the waiting time baseline and the time margin baseline are set values ​​that are greater than zero.

[0065] When there are no compatible vehicles in the charging terminal queue, the compatibility queue pressure is zero.

[0066] S250. Determine the marginal benefit of port release based on port release sensitivity, compatibility queue pressure, and power adjustment cost:

[0067] In the formula, For the first The marginal revenue released from the ports of each charging terminal To accommodate queue pressure, Release sensitivity for the port. Release the sensitivity baseline value for the port. To set a normalized value for the number of power command adjustments within a statistical period, The normalized value of the number of power module switching operations required to allocate a power increment. and It is a non-negative cost coefficient.

[0068] The port release sensitivity baseline value is a set value greater than zero, used to convert the port release sensitivity into a dimensionless value. The normalized value of the number of power command adjustments is determined by the ratio of the actual number of adjustments to the upper limit of the set number. The normalized value of the number of power module switching is determined by the ratio of the required number of switching to the number of available power modules in the charging terminal.

[0069] The marginal benefit of port release represents the correlation between the expected reduction in port occupancy time and compatibility queuing pressure after allocating a power increment to the corresponding charging terminal, minus the control costs incurred by power command adjustment and power module switching.

[0070] When the port release sensitivity or compatibility queue pressure is zero, no power increment will be allocated to the corresponding charging terminal due to queuing scheduling. When the marginal benefit of port release is less than zero, the marginal benefit of port release will be set to zero.

[0071] In step S300, a locked power block is determined based on the remaining power demand of each charging vehicle and the target completion time. The locked power block is allocated under the condition of meeting the grid connection capacity of the charging station and the operating limitations of the charging equipment. After the basic power allocation is completed, the remaining power is divided into power increments according to the adjustment method of the charging equipment, and the power increments are allocated according to the port release marginal benefit determined in step S200.

[0072] S310. Determine the available power of the station foundation.

[0073] The basic available power of a power station refers to the total power that the power station can allocate to charging terminals without activating the energy storage system for discharging. The basic available power of a power station is obtained by summing the power station's grid-connected power limit and the currently available output power of the distributed power source, minus the auxiliary load power and distribution safety margin.

[0074] The currently available output power of the distributed power source is the actual output power that can be fed into the charging bus, not the rated power of the distributed power source. Power deviations caused by line losses, metering errors, and control response delays are included in the distribution safety margin and are no longer deducted separately for line losses.

[0075] The distribution safety margin is determined based on the permissible error of the grid-connected metering device, the maximum change in auxiliary load within a control cycle, and the power change before the charging power command takes effect. The substation controller can also determine the distribution safety margin according to a set proportion of the grid-connected power limit value.

[0076] The current grid-connected power is used to verify the power allocation result. If the grid-connected power calculated based on the power command to be issued exceeds the grid-connected power limit, the unlocked power increment is reduced according to the excess portion; if the unlocked power increment is insufficient to eliminate the excess portion, the locked power block is adjusted according to the method described in S330.

[0077] S320, Determine the locked power block for each vehicle in charge.

[0078] A locked power block refers to the base charging power reserved for a corresponding vehicle being charged within a set holding period. Locked power blocks are used to maintain the charging continuity of the vehicle and meet its energy needs during the remaining allowable charging time.

[0079] The remaining required electricity is uniformly converted into the output electricity of the charging terminal. When the data reported by the vehicle is the remaining required electricity on the battery side, it is converted into the output electricity of the charging terminal based on the vehicle's charging efficiency. The vehicle charging efficiency uses data provided by the vehicle or the manufacturer; if no corresponding data is provided, the average charging efficiency of the most recent set number of charging cycles of similar vehicles is used.

[0080] The power block is locked according to the following formula:

[0081] In the formula, For the first A locked power block for charging vehicles; The minimum of the vehicle's requested power, the charging terminal's rated power, and the remaining allowable power of its power resource group; To maintain the minimum continuous output power required for the current charging process, and not exceed the upper limit of charging power; This is to calculate the remaining power demand at the output side of the charging terminal; This represents the time difference between the current moment and the moment the target is achieved. The minimum computation time is greater than zero.

[0082] A power resource group refers to a collection of devices subject to the same power limit constraint, including charging terminals sharing a power module pool, charging terminals connected to the same AC branch, or charging terminals connected to the low-voltage side of the same transformer. When determining the charging power limit, both the charging terminal's own power limitations and the remaining capacity of its respective power resource group are considered.

[0083] If the vehicle does not provide a target completion time, the time will be determined based on the service duration selected by the vehicle; if no service duration is selected, the time will be determined based on the default service duration set by the depot. If the target completion time is not later than the current time, the minimum calculation time will be used to calculate and lock the power block.

[0084] The minimum continuous output power is determined based on the vehicle's current requested power, the minimum output power specified in the charging protocol, and the minimum continuous output power allowed by the charging terminal. When the vehicle's requested power is lower than the minimum output power specified in the charging protocol, the vehicle's requested power is used as the upper limit, and an output power higher than the vehicle's requested power is not forcibly maintained.

[0085] The holding period for the locked power block begins when the corresponding power command takes effect. During the holding period, the locked power block will not be reduced except in cases of reduced grid-connected power limits at the charging station, decreased power requests from vehicles, charging terminal malfunctions, reduced power resource group capacity, or when vehicles finish charging. After the holding period expires, the locked power block will be redefined based on the latest operational data.

[0086] S330, handles situations where the available power of the station foundation is insufficient.

[0087] If the sum of all locked power blocks does not exceed the available power of the station foundation, the foundation power allocation is completed according to the calculation results.

[0088] If the sum of all locked power blocks exceeds the base available power of the charging station, but the sum of all minimum continuous output power does not exceed the base available power of the charging station, the minimum continuous output power is reserved for each vehicle charging. The remaining power is allocated according to the urgency of the vehicles completing charging, until the corresponding locked power block is reached.

[0089] The urgency of a vehicle completing charging is determined based on the remaining required charge, the remaining allowable charging time, and the maximum charging power. The shorter the remaining allowable charging time, or the closer the required charging power per unit of remaining time is to the maximum charging power, the higher the urgency of the vehicle. During allocation, power is increased by one executable adjustment amount each time, from highest to lowest urgency. Once the corresponding locked power block is reached, the vehicle will no longer participate in the basic power allocation for this round.

[0090] When the sum of all minimum continuous output power exceeds the base available power of the charging station, the group of vehicles to continue charging will be determined according to the urgency level. If the urgency levels are the same, vehicles that connected to the charging terminal earlier will be given priority. The sum of the minimum continuous output power within each vehicle group must not exceed the base available power of the charging station.

[0091] Charging terminals that have not entered the vehicle pool execute a pause charging command. When the charging protocol supports maintaining a charging session, the communication connection between the vehicle and the charging terminal is preserved; when the charging protocol does not support pause-and-hold, output is terminated according to the corresponding protocol, and the charging restart process is re-executed after power conditions are restored. The protocol handling for pausing and resuming charging can be implemented by those skilled in the art based on the corresponding charging communication protocol, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0092] To avoid frequent switching between charging and paused states, the set of vehicles continuing to charge remains unchanged for a set pause period. The vehicle set is redefined when a vehicle finishes charging, experiences a malfunction, or the available power of the depot changes beyond a set threshold.

[0093] S340, determine the power increment and candidate charging terminals.

[0094] After completing the basic power allocation, the remaining power is obtained by subtracting the basic allocated power of each charging terminal from the available basic power of the station. The basic allocated power is either the locked power block or the adjusted power determined in step S330.

[0095] For charging equipment using a power module switching method, the power increment is the power that an available power module can provide at the current output voltage. For charging equipment using a continuous adjustment method, the power increment is the minimum stable adjustment value allowed by the controller.

[0096] When a power module is shared by multiple charging terminals, it should also be determined whether the power module has already been occupied by other charging terminals. Only when a charging terminal has its own output margin, its power resource group has capacity margin, and it has an allocable power module, can that charging terminal be identified as a candidate charging terminal.

[0097] When the marginal benefit of port release is greater than zero, the vehicle has a power margin that can be absorbed, and the charging equipment has the corresponding adjustment conditions, the charging terminal is added to the candidate charging terminal set.

[0098] S350: Distribute power increments according to the marginal revenue released by the port.

[0099] The charging terminal with the highest marginal benefit from port release is selected from the candidate charging terminal set. If there are two or more charging terminals with the same marginal benefit from port release, the allocation order is determined sequentially based on the number of compatible queued vehicles, the expected release time, and the number of power module switching times.

[0100] In continuous adjustment mode, the actual power distribution is determined by the following formula:

[0101] In the formula, The actual power allocated in this instance; The power increment for the selected charging terminal; This represents the current remaining power. The upper limit of the charging power corresponding to the selected charging terminal; The power set before allocation; The remaining allowable power of the power resource group to which the selected charging terminal belongs.

[0102] When using the power module switching method, a power module will only be allocated if the remaining power, the charging terminal output margin, and the power resource group capacity margin are all not less than the available output power of a single power module. Power less than the available output power of a single power module will not be allocated. When using the continuous adjustment method, the actual allocated power will not be lower than the minimum stable adjustment value; if it is lower than this value, the allocation will not be executed.

[0103] After completing a power increment allocation, update the remaining power, the set power of the charging terminal, and the remaining capacity of the power resource group, and recalculate the expected remaining occupancy time, port release sensitivity, and port release marginal benefit of the corresponding charging terminal.

[0104] When the capacity of the compatible queuing set or power resource group of the candidate charging terminal changes, the port release marginal benefit of the affected charging terminal is updated simultaneously.

[0105] Power increment allocation stops when the remaining power is insufficient to generate an executable power increment for any candidate charging terminal, or when all candidate charging terminals have reached their corresponding charging power limits. Unallocated power is included in the power distribution regulation margin.

[0106] In step S400, when the available power of the power station foundation is insufficient to form a new power increment, and the energy storage system has a verifiable output power, the energy storage power allocation target is determined based on the impact of energy storage power on port release time and compatibility queue pressure. After the energy storage power allocation is completed, a port release event is generated, and queued vehicles are matched with port release events that meet the compatibility conditions.

[0107] S410. Determine whether the energy storage system meets the conditions for commissioning.

[0108] If the current grid-connected power of the power station reaches the activation judgment value for several consecutive control cycles, and there is no available remaining base power in step S300, the energy storage activation judgment is initiated. The activation judgment value is lower than the grid-connected power limit of the power station, and the difference between the two is used to compensate for metering errors and power changes during the control response period.

[0109] When the energy storage system is free from faults or discharge lockout, the deliverable output power is not less than the minimum executable power increment, and the remaining energy of the energy storage battery is higher than the minimum reserved energy, the energy storage system is allowed to participate in power distribution.

[0110] A charging terminal that meets the power increment requirements is identified as an energy storage candidate terminal if the marginal revenue from port release reaches a set revenue threshold, and the vehicle's absorbable power margin, the charging terminal's output margin, and the capacity margin of its power resource group all meet the power increment requirements.

[0111] When there is unused distributed power output at the power station, this power will be used for charging terminals first, and the energy storage discharge used for queuing relief will not be activated. When there are no energy storage candidate terminals, the energy storage system will maintain its original operating state.

[0112] S420, Determine the queuing relief benefits corresponding to the energy storage capacity.

[0113] For each energy storage candidate terminal, an executable power increment is added to the current set power, and the expected remaining occupancy time after the power increase is determined according to the power response processing method in step S200. If the vehicle cannot complete charging within the continuous discharge time of the energy storage, the remaining charging time is calculated separately for the two power stages: during the energy storage activation period and after the energy storage deactivation period.

[0114] The benefits of energy storage queuing relief are determined by the following formula:

[0115] In the formula, For the first Benefits of queuing relief for energy storage candidate terminals; The compatibility queue pressure for the corresponding charging terminals; This represents the estimated remaining operating time when no energy storage capacity is put into operation. This refers to the estimated remaining operating time after an increase in energy storage capacity is added. This refers to the AC power of the energy storage system allocated to the corresponding charging terminal. The expected duration of the energy storage capacity.

[0116] The energy storage queuing relief benefit refers to the effect of early release of the port corresponding to the unit of AC output power of the energy storage. If the expected remaining occupancy time is not shortened, or the energy storage queuing relief benefit is lower than the set threshold, energy storage power will not be allocated to the corresponding charging terminal.

[0117] S430: Allocate energy storage power according to the principle of queuing up energy storage to alleviate the benefits from the largest to the smallest.

[0118] Each time a power increment allocation is completed, the remaining redeemable output power of energy storage, the remaining capacity of the power resource group, and the energy storage queuing relief benefits of the corresponding charging terminal are updated. The target discharge power of energy storage is the sum of the energy storage power increments obtained by each charging terminal, and does not exceed the redeemable output power, the allowable receiving power of the charging bus, and the allowable transmission power of the internal lines.

[0119] Before increasing the charging terminal power, a discharge command is sent to the energy storage converter. Once the actual output power of the energy storage converter reaches the set allowable range of the target discharge power, a charging power increase command is then sent. If the energy storage converter fails to reach the allowable range within the set response time limit, the corresponding power increment is canceled. When reducing energy storage power, the charging terminal power is reduced first, followed by the energy storage converter output power.

[0120] When the grid-connected power of the power station exceeds the limit, the power requested by the vehicle decreases, or the output power available for energy storage decreases, the power increment is cancelled in order of increasing energy storage queuing relief benefits.

[0121] S440, Generate port release event.

[0122] The port release event includes an event identifier, charging terminal identifier, interface type, expected release time, release time range, and event status. The expected release time is determined based on the remaining required battery capacity, adjusted charging power, vehicle power response, and departure time.

[0123] The departure time is determined based on the historical departure records of similar parking spaces. When a parking space occupancy detection device is installed, the actual release condition of the port is when charging ends and the parking space changes from occupied to vacant. When a parking space occupancy detection device is not installed, the port release time is the time when the charging connection is released plus the set departure time.

[0124] The release timing range is determined based on historical prediction errors. The release timing range is expanded when the vehicle's requested power continues to decrease or the actual output power fluctuates beyond the set range.

[0125] S450, matching queued vehicles and port release events.

[0126] A compatibility matching relationship is established based on interface type, communication protocol, output range, minimum starting power, and parking space usage conditions. For queuing vehicles that meet the compatibility conditions, the matching order is determined according to the waiting time, the latest allowed start time for charging, the degree of compatibility between the vehicle's allowed charging power and the charging terminal's output capacity, and the release time range.

[0127] The specific matching can be achieved using existing weighted sorting or binary matching methods, the solution process of which is a well-known technology in this field and will not be elaborated here.

[0128] When a vehicle leaves the queue, a port release event fails, compatibility conditions change, or the expected release time deviation exceeds a set threshold, the affected matching relationship is terminated, and the relevant queued vehicles are re-matched.

[0129] In step S500, the remaining power demand, port release events, and queuing matching relationships are updated based on the actual feedback from the charging terminals, energy storage systems, and parking space status. When the deviation between the actual operating results and the power allocation results reaches the update condition, only the charging terminals, power resource groups, and queued vehicles affected by the deviation are recalculated, and control commands are issued based on the updated results.

[0130] S510, Verify the execution result of the power control command.

[0131] When issuing charging power commands and energy storage discharge power commands, the station controller records the command number, target power, issuance time, and corresponding equipment identifier.

[0132] When the device returns the receiving result within the communication response time limit, it marks the corresponding instruction as confirmed; when the device does not return the receiving result within the communication response time limit, it marks the corresponding instruction as unconfirmed and stops issuing subsequent power instructions that depend on the execution result of this instruction.

[0133] If, after the device confirms receipt of the command, the actual output power enters the allowable deviation range of the target power within the power response time limit and remains within this range for a set stabilization period, the command is considered successfully executed. If the device has confirmed receipt of the command, but the actual output power does not enter the allowable deviation range within the power response time limit, the command is considered to have failed.

[0134] When using the power module switching method, the allowable deviation is determined based on the sum of the rated power of the power modules already in operation, the power module output error, and the metering error; when using the continuous adjustment method, the allowable deviation is determined based on the equipment's rated power, control accuracy, and metering error.

[0135] When a charging terminal command fails to execute, the unrealized power increment is not included in the vehicle charging power. When an energy storage discharge command communication is not confirmed or fails to execute, the charging terminal power command that depends on the increase in energy storage power is revoked.

[0136] S520: Update the remaining battery demand and power response data for vehicles currently charging.

[0137] The station controller deducts the remaining power demand of the corresponding vehicle based on the output power recorded by the charging terminal's metering device between adjacent update times. When the charging terminal provides cumulative output power, the difference in cumulative output power is used for updating; when the charging terminal only provides real-time power, the output power is calculated based on the actual output power between adjacent sampling times. Power integration and power conversion are well-known technologies in this field and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0138] The remaining power demand is uniformly converted to the charging terminal output side. When the remaining power demand reported by the vehicle is battery-side data, it is converted to the charging terminal output side based on the vehicle's charging efficiency, and then compared with the remaining power demand obtained from the charging terminal's metering data.

[0139] If the difference between the two values ​​does not exceed the set energy deviation, the conversion result corresponding to the latest data reported by the vehicle will be used. If the difference exceeds the set energy deviation, the corresponding vehicle will be marked as having energy data pending verification, and the larger of the two values ​​will be used in power allocation to avoid underestimating the remaining charging demand. The power response parameters will not be updated with this set of data until the data meets the energy deviation requirements again.

[0140] The power response data in step S200 is updated based on the actual power command, actual output power, and stabilization duration. Data from periods when the vehicle requests a power reduction, the charging terminal limits power, or communication is abnormal is not used to update the absorption coefficient.

[0141] When the power command has just changed and the device is still within the power response time limit, the estimated remaining usage time can be calculated using the most recent effective output power. If the actual output power is still lower than the effective power threshold after the power response time limit has expired, the historical output power will no longer be used, and the corresponding port release event will be updated to a pending update state. If the charging terminal malfunctions, the charging connection is disconnected, and the vehicle has not finished charging, the corresponding port release event will be updated to an invalid state.

[0142] S530. Determine whether the conditions for a partial update have been met.

[0143] When the difference between the actual output power of the charging terminal and the set power continuously reaches the set power deviation threshold, it is determined that the charging terminal has a power execution deviation. The power deviation threshold shall not be less than the allowable control error of the equipment.

[0144] While the vehicle is not yet fully charged, the estimated release time, obtained from the latest operational data, will be compared with the original estimated release time. If the difference between the two reaches the release time deviation threshold, the port release event time deviation will be determined.

[0145] After the vehicle finishes charging, the actual release time is determined based on the parking space occupancy status or the charging connection disconnection status, and the difference between the actual release time and the original expected release time is written into the historical prediction error record.

[0146] When the change in the actual output power or the realized output power of the energy storage reaches a minimum power increment, it is determined that the energy storage output capacity has changed; when the change in the sustainable discharge duration of the energy storage reaches a set time threshold, it is determined that the energy storage continuous supply capacity has changed.

[0147] When changes occur in the grid-connected power limit of the power station, the output power of distributed power sources, or the power of auxiliary loads, causing the change in the available power of the power station base to reach a minimum power increment, a partial update is initiated.

[0148] When a new vehicle enters the queue, a vehicle leaves the queue, a charging terminal malfunctions, the charging interface status changes, or a port release event fails, a partial update is initiated directly.

[0149] S540. Identify the objects affected by the partial update.

[0150] When a power execution deviation occurs at a charging terminal, the affected objects include the charging terminal, other charging terminals belonging to the same power resource group as the charging terminal, queued vehicles compatible with the charging terminal, and queued vehicles that have been matched to the corresponding port release event.

[0151] When a port release event occurs with a time deviation, the affected objects include the port release event, the queued vehicles that have established a matching relationship with it, and other port release events that are compatible with the queued vehicles.

[0152] When energy storage supply conditions change, the affected entities include charging terminals that receive incremental energy storage power, the corresponding power resource groups, and incremental energy storage power that has been allocated but for which the corresponding power command has not yet taken effect.

[0153] When the available power of the power station foundation changes, the affected objects also include the candidate charging terminals determined in step S300.

[0154] The partial update does not recalculate compatibility relationships, does not affect the capacity of power resource groups, and includes charging terminals and queued vehicles whose expected release time is still within the original release time range.

[0155] S550, update power allocation results and port release events.

[0156] For affected charging terminals, locked power blocks that are still within the holding period and have not met the release conditions are retained. Based on the latest available power of the site base, the energy storage realizable output power, and the remaining capacity of the power resource group, power increments that cannot be executed are revoked, and unlocked power increments are redistributed according to steps S300 and S400.

[0157] The total power of the charging terminals after partial updates shall not exceed the sum of the available power of the site and the actual output power of the energy storage; the total allocated power of all charging terminals within the same power resource group shall not exceed the capacity limit of that power resource group; the set power of any charging terminal shall not exceed the power requested by the vehicle and the rated power of the charging terminal.

[0158] When it is necessary to reduce the energy storage discharge power, first reduce the set power of the corresponding charging terminal. After confirming that the actual output power of the charging terminal has decreased, then reduce the target discharge power of the energy storage converter. When it is necessary to increase the energy storage discharge power, first increase the target discharge power of the energy storage converter. After confirming that its actual output power has reached the allowable deviation range, then increase the set power of the charging terminal.

[0159] The estimated release time and range are updated based on the updated actual output power, remaining power demand, and departure time. If the updated estimated release time is still within the original release time range, the original matching relationship is maintained; if it exceeds the original release time range, the affected matching relationship is terminated, and the relevant queued vehicles are rematched according to step S450.

[0160] The port release event status is uniformly set to pending matching, matched, pending update, released, and invalid. The pending matching status occurs when no matching relationship has been established with a queued vehicle; the matched status occurs when a matching relationship has been established; the pending update status occurs when the running data is insufficient to determine the release time; the released status occurs when the port is actually idle; and the invalid status occurs when the charging terminal malfunctions or the original release event is no longer valid.

[0161] Once the port is actually released, the event status will be updated to "released". The arrival status of a matched vehicle is determined based on the parking space occupancy detection result and the vehicle identity authentication result. Vehicle identity authentication information includes charging account, vehicle identification number, license plate recognition result, or charging connection authentication information. If the parking space is occupied but the vehicle identity does not match the matched vehicle, the matched vehicle is considered not to have arrived.

[0162] If a matched vehicle fails to enter the corresponding parking space within the set arrival time limit, the matching relationship is terminated, the corresponding port release event is updated to the pending matching status, and a vehicle that is still in the queue is re-matched.

[0163] After the station controller completes the partial update, it issues new charging power commands and energy storage discharge power commands, and returns to step S510 to verify the command execution results.

[0164] When the number of consecutive failures of a device reaches a preset failure threshold, the corresponding device will be removed from the power allocation range of the current scheduling cycle. The failure threshold is a pre-set integer greater than one. After the device restores normal communication and power output capabilities, it will be re-added to subsequent scheduling cycles.

[0165] The above formulas are all dimensionless calculations. The formulas are derived from software simulations based on a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0166] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented in software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0167] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment, depending on actual needs.

[0168] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A power allocation and queuing scheduling method for a group of charging piles, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Acquire power parameters of the power station, operating parameters of the energy storage system, operating parameters of the charging terminal, parameters of vehicles charging, and parameters of vehicles in the queue; Port release sensitivity is determined based on the difference in expected remaining occupied time before and after adding a power increment; compatibility queue pressure is determined based on the waiting time of compatible queued vehicles and the start-charging time margin; and the marginal benefit of port release is determined in conjunction with the power adjustment cost. The locked power blocks are determined and allocated based on the remaining power demand and the target completion time, and the power increment is allocated according to the marginal benefit of port release. When the available power of the site is insufficient, the energy storage power is allocated based on the energy storage queuing relief revenue determined by the available output power, the port early release time, the compatibility queue pressure and the output power of the energy storage AC side. Based on the allocation results, a port release event is generated and matched with queued vehicles. Local updates are performed based on operational feedback.

2. The power allocation and queuing scheduling method for a charging pile group according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the deliverable output power includes: Within a statistical window during which the energy storage system is continuously discharged and there is no switching of charging / discharging states, faults, or correction of the remaining energy of the energy storage battery, the changes in the AC side output power, DC side input power, and remaining energy of the energy storage battery of the energy storage converter are obtained. The discharge conversion efficiency is determined based on the AC side output power and the DC side input power. The energy closure error rate is determined based on the deviation between the change in the remaining energy of the energy storage battery and the DC side input power. The energy reliability coefficient is determined based on the energy closure error rate. The corrected available energy is determined based on the difference between the current remaining energy of the energy storage battery and the minimum reserved energy, as well as the energy reliability coefficient. The minimum value among the allowable output power of the energy storage converter, the allowable discharge power of the energy storage battery converted by the discharge conversion efficiency, the temperature-limited power converted by the discharge conversion efficiency, and the AC side output power corresponding to the corrected available energy within a set duration is determined as the realized output power. When the energy storage system is in a fault state or a discharge lockout state, or when the energy reliability coefficient is zero, the realizable output power is determined to be zero.

3. The power allocation and queuing scheduling method for a charging pile group according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of port release sensitivity includes: Obtain the power command, actual output power, vehicle requested power, remaining power demand, and rated power of the charging terminal for the vehicle being charged; When the increase in power command reaches the set identification threshold, the vehicle's requested power does not decrease, the charging terminal does not limit power, or there is a communication abnormality or malfunction, the absorption coefficient is determined based on the ratio of the actual increase in output power to the increase in power command, and the absorption coefficient is limited to between zero and one. The minimum value of the power increment is corrected according to the absorption coefficient to obtain the expected actual incremental power absorption; Based on the expected actual output power before and after the power increment, the expected remaining occupancy time before and after the power increment is determined respectively, and the ratio of the difference between the two expected remaining occupancy times to the power increment is determined as the port release sensitivity; The estimated remaining occupancy time includes the estimated remaining charging time and the departure time after charging is completed. When the estimated actual incremental power absorbed is zero, the port release sensitivity is determined to be zero.

4. The power allocation and queuing scheduling method for a charging pile group according to claim 3, characterized in that, The determination of compatible queue pressure and port release marginal benefits includes: Vehicles with the same interface type and communication protocol, whose allowed input voltage range overlaps with the output voltage range of the charging terminal, and whose charging terminal can provide the minimum starting power within the overlapping range, are identified as compatible queuing vehicles for the corresponding charging terminal. The compatibility queue pressure of the corresponding charging terminal is determined based on the waiting time of the compatible queuing vehicles and the time difference between the latest allowed start time of charging and the current time. The port release benefit is determined by multiplying the port release sensitivity by the compatibility queue pressure, and the power adjustment cost is determined by the number of power command adjustments within a set statistical period and the number of power module switching operations required to allocate a power increment. The marginal benefit of port release is determined based on the difference between the port release benefit and the power adjustment cost; When the difference is less than zero, or when the port release sensitivity or compatibility queue pressure is zero, the marginal benefit of port release is determined to be zero.

5. The power allocation and queuing scheduling method for a charging pile group according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of determining and allocating the locked power block includes: The available power of the power station base is determined based on the grid-connected power limit of the power station, the currently available output power of the distributed power source, the auxiliary load power, and the power distribution safety margin. The minimum value among the vehicle's requested power, the charging terminal's rated power, and the remaining allowable power of the corresponding power resource group is determined as the upper limit of charging power. The power resource group is a set of devices consisting of multiple charging terminals constrained by the same upper limit of power. The average power demand is determined based on the ratio of the remaining required power to the remaining allowed charging time, where the remaining allowed charging time is the time difference between the current moment and the target completion moment. Within the upper limit of the charging power, the larger value between the average required power and the minimum continuous output power is determined as the locked power block; From the time the power command corresponding to the locked power block takes effect, the locked power block shall be retained within the set retention period, except when the grid-connected power limit of the station is reduced, the power requested by the vehicle is reduced, the charging terminal fails, the capacity of the power resource group is reduced, or the vehicle finishes charging. When the sum of all locked power blocks exceeds the basic available power of the station, the lowest continuous output power that can be executed is reserved, and the remaining power is allocated from largest to smallest according to the ratio of the average demand power to the upper limit of the charging power; when the sum of all lowest continuous output power exceeds the basic available power of the station, the set of vehicles to continue charging is determined according to the ratio, and the output of charging terminals that have not entered the set of vehicles is suspended.

6. The power allocation and queuing scheduling method for a charging pile group according to claim 5, characterized in that, The allocation of power increments according to the marginal benefit of port release includes: The base power is determined by the power allocated according to the locked power block or the power adjusted when the available power of the station foundation is insufficient, and the base power of each charging vehicle is subtracted from the available power of the station foundation to obtain the remaining power. When the charging terminal adopts the power module switching method, the power that an available power module can provide under the current output voltage is determined as the power increment; when the charging terminal adopts the continuous adjustment method, the minimum stable adjustment value of the charging terminal is determined as the power increment. Candidate charging terminals are those with a port release marginal benefit greater than zero, a vehicle with a power absorption margin, a charging terminal with an output margin, and a corresponding power resource group with a capacity margin. Select the charging terminal with the largest marginal benefit of port release from the candidate charging terminals, allocate an executable power increment to the selected charging terminal, and update the remaining power, expected remaining occupancy time, port release sensitivity and port release marginal benefit after each allocation. When the remaining power is insufficient to form any executable power increment, or when all candidate charging terminals reach the corresponding charging power limit, the allocation of the power increment is stopped.

7. The power allocation and queuing scheduling method for a charging pile group according to claim 6, characterized in that, The allocation of energy storage power includes: When the available power of the site is insufficient to form a new power increment, the energy storage system is not in a fault state or a discharge lockout state, the achievable output power is not less than the minimum executable power increment and there is no unused distributed power output power, the conditions for energy storage input are determined to be met. A charging terminal that meets the power increment requirements is identified as an energy storage candidate terminal, provided that the marginal revenue from port release reaches the marginal revenue threshold and the vehicle's absorbable power margin, the charging terminal's output margin, and the corresponding power resource group's capacity margin all meet the power increment requirements. For each energy storage candidate terminal, determine the expected remaining occupancy time before and after adding an energy storage power increment, and determine the port early release time based on the difference between the two expected remaining occupancy times; The energy storage queuing relief benefit is determined based on the ratio of the product of the compatibility queue pressure and the port early release time to the energy storage AC side output power. The energy storage AC side output power is determined based on the energy storage AC side power allocated to the corresponding charging terminal and the expected hold time. When the port release time is greater than zero and the energy storage queuing relief benefit reaches the relief benefit threshold, the energy storage power is allocated in descending order of the energy storage queuing relief benefit, and the expected remaining occupancy time and energy storage queuing relief benefit of the corresponding charging terminal are updated after each allocation. The total allocated energy storage power shall not exceed the redeemable output power, the allowable receiving power of the charging bus, and the allowable transmission power of the internal lines of the site.

8. The power allocation and queuing scheduling method for a charging pile group according to claim 7, characterized in that, The energy storage power allocation also includes: Before increasing the power command of the charging terminal, a discharge power command is sent to the energy storage converter, and after the actual output power of the energy storage converter enters the allowable deviation range of the target discharge power, a corresponding charging power increase command is sent. If the energy storage converter does not enter the allowable deviation range within the set response time limit, the corresponding energy storage power increment is canceled. When reducing energy storage power, first reduce the power command of the corresponding charging terminal, and then reduce the discharge power command of the energy storage converter after the actual output power of the charging terminal decreases. When the current grid-connected power of the power station exceeds the grid-connected power limit of the power station, the power requested by the vehicle decreases, the realizable output power decreases, or the energy storage queuing relief benefit is lower than the exit benefit threshold, the energy storage power increment is cancelled in the order of the energy storage queuing relief benefit from small to large. Wherein, the exit benefit threshold is lower than the mitigation benefit threshold.

9. The power allocation and queuing scheduling method for a charging pile group according to claim 1, characterized in that, The generation of port release events and matching of queued vehicles includes: The estimated release time is determined based on the remaining battery demand of the vehicle being charged, the allocated charging power, the actual power response, and the time elapsed before departure. The range of release time is determined based on the historical release time deviation of similar charging terminals. Generate a port release event that includes an event identifier, a charging terminal identifier, an interface type, an expected release time, a release time range, and an event status, wherein the event status includes pending matching, matched, pending update, released, and invalid. When a parking space occupancy detection device is configured, the actual release condition of the port is when the vehicle finishes charging and the corresponding parking space changes from occupied to vacant. When a parking space occupancy detection device is not configured, the actual release time of the port is the time corresponding to the sum of the charging connection termination time and the departure time. Based on interface type, communication protocol, output voltage range, output current range, minimum starting power, and parking space usage conditions, establish a compatibility matching relationship between queued vehicles and port release events; The matching order is determined based on the waiting time of the queued vehicles, the latest allowed start time of charging, the compatibility between the vehicle's allowed charging power and the charging terminal's output capacity, and the range of release times. The matching relationship between the queued vehicles and the port release event is established according to the matching order. The affected matching relationship will be terminated when a vehicle leaves the queue, compatibility conditions change, port release events fail, or the expected release time exceeds the original release time range.

10. A power allocation and queuing scheduling method for a charging pile group according to claim 9, characterized in that, The partial update based on operational feedback includes: The communication confirmation status of the power command is determined based on the command reception results returned by the charging terminal and the energy storage converter, and the execution status of the power command is determined based on the actual output power of the charging terminal and the energy storage converter. The remaining power demand reported by the vehicle and the remaining power demand obtained from the output power of the charging terminal are converted to the output side of the charging terminal. If the difference between the two does not exceed the energy deviation threshold, the conversion result corresponding to the remaining power demand reported by the vehicle is adopted. When the difference between the two exceeds the energy deviation threshold, the larger of the two values ​​is used and the corresponding vehicle is marked as having energy data pending verification. When the actual output power deviation, the expected release time deviation, the realized output power change, the available power of the station base, the queued vehicles change, or the charging terminal failure reaches the corresponding update conditions, the charging terminal with the deviation, the power resource group consisting of multiple charging terminals constrained by the same power upper limit, the associated port release event, and the queued vehicles that have been matched are determined. Retain locked power blocks that have not met the release conditions, revoke power increments that cannot be executed, reallocate unlocked power increments, and update affected port release events and matching relationships; The total power of the charging terminals after partial updates shall not exceed the sum of the available power of the site and the actual output power of the energy storage. The total allocated power within the same power resource group shall not exceed the capacity limit of that power resource group. The set power of any charging terminal shall not exceed the vehicle's requested power and the rated power of the charging terminal.

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