A vehicle-mounted quick fixing device and a vehicle with the same

Abstract

The application relates to the field of vehicle bodies, in particular to a vehicle upper-loading quick fixing device and a vehicle with the same, which comprises a hydraulic system and a mechanical fixing device; the mechanical fixing device comprises a mounting structure and a fixing structure; the mounting structure comprises a base mechanism and a connecting mechanism; the fixing structure comprises a fixing fastening support; the base mechanism comprises a fixing block arranged on a vehicle frame; the connecting mechanism comprises an upper-loading fixing support; the fixing block is provided with a plug-in counterbore; the upper-loading fixing support can be plugged into the plug-in counterbore on the fixing block; the vehicle upper-loading quick fixing device disclosed in the application can realize the mounting of an upper-loading container on the vehicle frame; through the arrangement of the hydraulic system, the connection and disconnection of the fixing structure and the connecting mechanism can be automatically realized through a control switch, so that the fixed connection and disassembly of the upper-loading container and the vehicle frame are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vehicle body, specifically to a quick-fix device for vehicle superstructure and a vehicle having the quick-fix device for vehicle superstructure. Background Technology

[0002] The existing methods of fixing the cargo box to the vehicle frame are mostly bolt fastening or simple hook locking. Among them, the bolt fastening method not only requires special tools to disassemble, but also takes 30 to 40 minutes on average to disassemble a cargo box. It is time-consuming and laborious, and it is difficult to meet the diverse usage needs of customers. In addition, the threads will undergo slight deformation due to friction and stress each time the bolts are disassembled.

[0003] Repeated disassembly and assembly lead to the accumulation of this deformation, resulting in a reduction in the friction area between the threads and a decrease in friction force. This may cause the bolts to gradually loosen during driving or use, or even cause stripping failure.

[0004] Therefore, in order to improve the above problems, it is necessary to improve the connection method between the cargo box and the vehicle frame. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fixing device that can automatically lock and separate the upper cargo box from the vehicle frame.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A vehicle superstructure quick-fixing device includes a hydraulic system and a mechanical fixing device; the mechanical fixing device includes an installation structure and a fixing structure; the installation structure includes a base mechanism and a connecting mechanism; the fixing structure includes a fixing bracket; the base mechanism includes a fixing block disposed on the vehicle frame; the connecting mechanism includes a superstructure fixing bracket; the fixing block is provided with a countersunk hole; the superstructure fixing bracket can be inserted into the countersunk hole on the fixing block; the hydraulic system can control the fixing bracket to pass through the fixing block, the superstructure fixing bracket and the vehicle frame for the installation and fixing of the connecting mechanism on the vehicle frame.

[0008] Each of the base mechanisms includes two fixing blocks; the fixing blocks in each base mechanism are distributed opposite each other on opposite sides of the frame.

[0009] The hydraulic system includes a drive mechanism; one end of the drive mechanism is connected to the base mechanism, and the other end is connected to the fixed fastening bracket in the fixed structure.

[0010] The hydraulic system also includes an oil supply mechanism, which includes a mounting beam connected to the frame; a hydraulic oil tank is provided on the mounting beam; the drive mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder; and the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the hydraulic oil tank.

[0011] The fixing fastener includes a connecting rod, with a plug-in rod at each end of the connecting rod, and the two plug-in rods are distributed parallel to each other at intervals; the fixing fastener is U-shaped; the plug-in rod has a guide ring groove at the end away from the connecting rod; the guide ring groove is a frustoconical groove.

[0012] The connecting mechanism also includes a bracket positioning block; the bracket positioning block is arranged on the side of the fixed fastening bracket near the vehicle frame.

[0013] The horizontal cross-section of the fixing block is an isosceles trapezoid; the insertion countersunk hole includes a lower insertion hole and an upper guide hole, the upper guide hole being frustoconical; the upper guide hole is connected to the lower insertion hole, and the larger end of the upper guide hole is located away from the lower insertion hole.

[0014] A vehicle includes a frame and a superstructure cargo box; the superstructure cargo box is connected to the frame via a vehicle superstructure quick-fix device; the superstructure cargo box is connected to the frame via a plurality of vehicle superstructure quick-fix devices; a connecting mechanism in each vehicle superstructure quick-fix device is connected to the superstructure cargo box; and a base mechanism in each vehicle superstructure quick-fix device is connected to the frame.

[0015] The frame includes two spaced longitudinal beams; each longitudinal beam includes two relatively symmetrically distributed channel steel beams; the vertical cross-section of the channel steel beams is U-shaped; the fixing blocks are arranged inside the channel steel beams.

[0016] The longitudinal beam is connected to the rear crossbeam at one end near the rear of the vehicle; the mounting crossbeam in the vehicle superstructure quick-fix device is distributed parallel to the rear crossbeam on the vehicle frame at intervals; the mounting crossbeam is arranged on the side of the rear crossbeam away from the rear of the vehicle.

[0017] The advantages of this invention are:

[0018] This invention discloses a quick-fix device for vehicle superstructure and a vehicle having the quick-fix device for vehicle superstructure.

[0019] The vehicle superstructure quick-fix device disclosed in this invention can realize the installation of the superstructure cargo box on the vehicle frame.

[0020] In this invention, the hydraulic system allows for the automatic connection and disconnection of the fixed structure and the connecting mechanism via a control switch, thereby enabling the fixed connection and disassembly of the upper cargo box and the vehicle frame.

[0021] The hydraulic system (hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic tank) controls the insertion or separation of the fixed fastening bracket (U-shaped) and the fixed block, the upper body fixed bracket and the vehicle frame. The installation and disassembly of the upper cargo box can be completed without the use of any special tools. The single operation time can be greatly reduced from the original 30-40 minutes to within a few minutes, effectively meeting the diverse needs of last-mile logistics for rapid vehicle switching.

[0022] It completely abandons the traditional bolt fastening method, avoiding problems such as thread wear, decreased friction, bolt loosening or stripping caused by repeated disassembly and assembly. The fixed fastening bracket and each fastening hole adopt a plug-in fit, which is simple and direct in structure. It can maintain a stable locking force even after long-term use, significantly improving the safety and reliability of vehicle driving and operation.

[0023] Using hydraulic drive as the power source, operators only need to control multiple hydraulic cylinders to move synchronously via electronic control switches, completing the locking or unlocking of all fixed points. Compared to manually using wrenches to remove and install bolts one by one, this greatly reduces labor intensity and can be operated without the need for professional maintenance personnel.

[0024] The end of the U-shaped insertion rod of the fixed fastening bracket is provided with a frustoconical guide groove, which, together with the frustoconical upper guide hole in the insertion countersunk hole on the fixing block, forms a double guiding structure. Even if there is a slight misalignment between the upper fixed bracket and the fixing block, it can be smoothly inserted by the conical guide, effectively preventing jamming or impact during the insertion process.

[0025] The bracket positioning block allows for pre-positioning of the upper fixed bracket, further improving the alignment accuracy during installation.

[0026] The horizontal cross-section of the fixing block is designed as an isosceles trapezoid. This shape can enhance the contact area between the fixing block and the inner wall of the frame (channel steel beam) and increase the torsional resistance, thereby improving the overall rigidity of the base mechanism.

[0027] The fixed fastening bracket adopts a U-shaped structure, and the two parallel and spaced plug rods can bear the force simultaneously, distributing the load and avoiding stress concentration.

[0028] The mounting beams for the hydraulic oil tank are spaced parallel to the rear crossbeams of the chassis and are positioned on the side of the rear crossbeam furthest from the rear of the vehicle. This layout utilizes the space at the rear of the chassis while placing the hydraulic oil tank in front of the rear crossbeams (i.e., closer to the front of the vehicle). This effectively prevents damage to the hydraulic oil tank when the vehicle is reversing or subjected to a rear-end collision, improving the survivability of the hydraulic system and the passive safety of the entire vehicle.

[0029] Because the frame includes two spaced longitudinal beams, each consisting of two symmetrically distributed channel steel beams, the fixing blocks can be arranged inside the channel steel beams. This allows the quick-fixing device to arrange multiple base mechanisms along the length of the frame and centrally control them through a hydraulic system. It can flexibly adapt to cargo boxes of different lengths and load requirements, exhibiting good versatility and expandability. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The following is a brief explanation of the contents of each of the accompanying drawings and the markings in the drawings:

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the fixing structure of the mechanical fixing device of the present invention on the vehicle frame;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the upper cargo box connected to the vehicle frame via a vehicle upper quick-fix device in this invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a top view of the vehicle superstructure quick-fix device of the present invention arranged on the vehicle frame.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing and fastening bracket in this invention.

[0035] 1-1 Mechanical fixing device; 1-2 Upper cargo box; 101 Socket countersunk hole; 102 Fixing block; 103 Frame tail beam; 1-Frame; 2-Upper structure floor longitudinal beam; 3-Frame inner fixing block; 4-Frame outer fixing block; 5-Hydraulic pump; 6-Upper structure fastening bracket; 7-Fixed fastening bracket; 8-Bracket positioning block; 9-Hydraulic oil tank; 10-Electronic control switch; 11-Frame crossbeam; 12-Mounting crossbeam; 13-Hydraulic oil pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the description of the preferred embodiments.

[0037] A quick-fixing device for vehicle superstructures includes a hydraulic system and a mechanical fixing device 1-1. The mechanical fixing device 1-1 includes an installation structure and a fixing structure. The installation structure includes a base mechanism and a connecting mechanism. The fixing structure includes a fixing bracket 7. The base mechanism includes a fixing block 102 disposed on a vehicle frame 1. The connecting mechanism includes a superstructure fixing bracket 6. The fixing block 102 is provided with a countersunk hole 101. The superstructure fixing bracket 6 can be inserted into the countersunk hole 101 on the fixing block 102. The hydraulic system can control the fixing bracket 7 to pass through the fixing block 102, the superstructure fixing bracket 6, and the vehicle frame 1 for the installation and fixing of the connecting mechanism on the vehicle frame 1. The quick-fixing device for vehicle superstructures disclosed in this invention can realize the installation of the superstructure cargo box 1-2 on the vehicle frame 1. In this invention, through the setting of the hydraulic system, the connection and disconnection of the fixing structure and the connecting mechanism can be automatically realized by controlling the switch, thereby realizing the fixed connection and disassembly of the superstructure cargo box 1-2 and the vehicle frame 1.

[0038] The core of the base mechanism is the fixing block 102, which is fixed to the frame 1. The fixing block 102 is provided with a countersunk hole 101, which serves as a guide and receiving space for the superstructure fixing bracket 6. The fixing blocks 102 are usually distributed in pairs on the inner and outer sides of the longitudinal beam of the frame 1, providing a stable support base for the superstructure.

[0039] The connecting mechanism includes an upper structure fixing bracket 6. This upper structure fixing bracket 6 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the upper structure cargo box 1-2, and its shape matches the insertion countersunk hole 101 on the fixing block 102, allowing it to be inserted into the insertion countersunk hole 101 from top to bottom. This "insertion" action achieves the initial positioning of the upper structure in the vertical direction and restricts the horizontal movement of the upper structure relative to the vehicle frame 1.

[0040] The fixing structure includes a fixing bracket 7. Driven by a hydraulic system, the fixing bracket 7 can sequentially pass through the fixing block 102, the upper body fixing bracket 6, and the corresponding through holes on the frame 1. When the fixing bracket 7 is in the inserted state, it acts like a locking pin to lock the three together, preventing the upper body fixing bracket 6 from coming out of the insertion countersunk hole 101 of the fixing block 102; when the fixing bracket 7 is removed, the locking is released, and the upper body can be lifted and separated.

[0041] The hydraulic system serves as the power source, controlling the movement of the fixed fastening bracket 7. The operator uses a hydraulic control switch to move the hydraulic cylinder forward (locking) or backward (unlocking) the fixed fastening bracket 7. Because the hydraulic system can simultaneously control the synchronous movement of multiple fixed fastening brackets 7, consistency of all locking points and ease of operation are ensured.

[0042] This invention uses a hydraulic system to centrally control the insertion and removal of the fixing bracket 7, eliminating the need for any wrenches or other special tools, and also eliminating the need to operate multiple bolts individually. The time for a single disassembly and assembly operation can be reduced from over 30 minutes to within a few minutes. It is particularly suitable for scenarios such as urban distribution logistics that require frequent changes of the upper structure (e.g., ambient temperature boxes, refrigerated boxes, flatbed trucks), significantly improving vehicle utilization.

[0043] The bolt-fastening method has been completely eliminated, avoiding problems such as thread wear, stress deformation, decreased friction, loosening, or stripping caused by repeated disassembly and assembly. The fixing bracket 7 is plug-in connected to each component, preventing cumulative damage and ensuring reliable locking force even after long-term use. This eliminates the safety hazard of the upper structure shifting or falling off due to loose bolts during vehicle operation.

[0044] Hydraulic drive replaces manual operation; operators only need to toggle electronic switches to lock and unlock all locking points, greatly reducing the labor intensity of manually changing cargo boxes. No professional maintenance personnel are required; the driver can easily complete the upper structure replacement himself.

[0045] The upper mounting bracket 6 is first inserted into the countersunk hole 101 of the fixing block 102 to achieve initial positioning; then the fixing fastening bracket 7 passes through each hole under the guidance of the guide structure (such as a chamfer or conical surface). This step-by-step positioning method ensures that even with slight alignment deviations, locking can be completed smoothly, avoiding mechanical jamming.

[0046] The fixing block 102 can be arranged inside the longitudinal beam of the frame 1 or inside the channel steel beam, without occupying additional external space of the frame 1. The mounting beam 12 of the hydraulic system can be arranged parallel to the original beam of the frame 1, with a reasonable layout. The device has a high degree of integration and is easy to add or modify on existing vehicle platforms.

[0047] Since each base mechanism, connecting mechanism, fixing bracket 7, and hydraulic cylinder can form an independent fixed unit, multiple identical units can be arranged longitudinally on the frame 1 according to the length and weight of the superstructure, and are centrally controlled by the same hydraulic oil tank 10. It is suitable for various vehicle types such as light trucks, micro trucks, and heavy trucks, and has good versatility and scalability.

[0048] Furthermore, in this invention, each of the base mechanisms includes two fixing blocks 102; the fixing blocks 102 in each base mechanism are distributed relatively on opposite sides of the frame 1; each independent base mechanism (i.e., a superstructure fixing point) is not composed of a single fixing block 102, but contains two fixing blocks 102. This means that at a certain transverse cross-sectional position of the frame 1, two fixing blocks 102 need to be set simultaneously to complete a complete locking function.

[0049] These two fixing blocks 102 are not randomly arranged, but are distributed relatively on opposite sides of the frame 1 (the inner and outer sides of a single longitudinal beam). For longitudinal beams using channel steel beams, the two fixing blocks 102 are installed on the inner and outer side walls of the same longitudinal beam, respectively, with the inner and outer sides facing each other. At this time, the upper mounting bracket 6 is inserted from the outside of the longitudinal beam, passes through the web of the longitudinal beam, and extends to the inner fixing block 102. Both oppositely distributed fixing blocks 102 have coaxially aligned fastening holes (or insertion countersunk holes 101). Under hydraulic drive, the fixing fastening bracket 7 (such as a U-shaped bracket) must pass through the first fixing block 102 → frame 1 (or upper mounting bracket 6) → second fixing block 102 in sequence, forming a through-type double-sided support and locking structure.

[0050] Meanwhile, the two opposing fixing blocks 102 also ensure the local structural strength of the longitudinal beam. The two fixing blocks 102 are located on opposite sides of the frame 1. When the fixing bracket 7 passes through them, the superstructure fixing bracket 6 is simultaneously constrained on both sides laterally (left-right direction). Compared to single-sided fixing, double-sided fixing effectively resists the lateral torsional moment of the superstructure caused by inertia, centrifugal force during turning, or road bumps, preventing the superstructure from tilting or deflecting relative to the frame 1 on one side. This significantly improves the superstructure's anti-roll capability and overall stability during vehicle operation.

[0051] The vertical and horizontal loads from the superstructure are transferred to the two fixing blocks 102 via the superstructure fixing bracket 6, and then distributed to the inner and outer walls of the frame 1 by the two fixing blocks 102. This avoids the entire load being concentrated on one side of the frame 1, thereby reducing the stress peak of local welds or base material of the frame 1. It extends the fatigue life of the frame 1 and the fixing device, and is especially suitable for heavy-duty or high-intensity urban distribution logistics scenarios.

[0052] Even if one of the fixing blocks 102 fails due to extreme conditions (such as severe collision or material fatigue), the other fixing block 102 on the opposite side can still maintain a partial constraint relationship with the fixing bracket 7, providing the driver with a buffer time for emergency response, rather than an immediate catastrophic failure of the superstructure completely detaching.

[0053] The two fixing blocks 102 are arranged opposite each other on opposite sides of the single longitudinal beam, making full use of the internal space of the groove of the channel steel beam without taking up too much of the width of the frame 1, which is suitable for narrow-body or lightweight models.

[0054] Furthermore, the hydraulic system in this invention includes a drive mechanism; one end of the drive mechanism is connected to the base mechanism, and the other end is connected to the fixed fastening bracket 7 in the fixed structure; the hydraulic system also includes an oil supply mechanism, which includes a mounting beam 12 connected to the frame 1; the mounting beam 12 is provided with a hydraulic oil tank 10; the drive mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder; the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the hydraulic oil tank 10; the cylinder body or mounting seat of the drive mechanism (hydraulic cylinder) is fixed on the base mechanism (such as the fixed block 102 on the frame 1 or the external fixed block 4 of the frame), forming a stable reaction force support point. The other end is connected to the fixed fastening bracket 7: the output end (front end of the hydraulic rod) of the drive mechanism is directly connected to the fixed fastening bracket 7 (such as a U-shaped fastening bracket). In this way, the extension and retraction movement of the hydraulic rod can drive the fixed fastening bracket 7 forward or backward, realizing locking or unlocking.

[0055] The oil supply mechanism includes a mounting beam 12 specifically installed on the frame 1, which serves as the supporting base for the hydraulic oil tank 10. This mounting beam 12 is independent of the original beams of the frame 1, allowing for flexible placement of the hydraulic oil tank 10.

[0056] The hydraulic oil tank 10 is fixed on the mounting beam 12, and can generally be fastened with bolts; it is used to store hydraulic oil and supply oil to the outside.

[0057] Specific type of drive mechanism: The drive mechanism uses a hydraulic cylinder, a mature linear actuator that is reliable and has a large thrust. The hydraulic cylinder is connected to the hydraulic oil tank 10 via hydraulic oil pipe 13, forming a complete hydraulic circuit. The hydraulic oil tank 10 typically contains components such as an oil pump and control valve (in this design, the oil pump can be started and stopped via electronic control switch 9) to supply pressurized oil to the cylinder.

[0058] When the upper structure needs to be installed, the electronic control switch 9 starts the oil pump in the hydraulic oil tank 10, and the pressurized oil enters the rodless chamber (or rod chamber, depending on the installation direction) of the hydraulic cylinder, pushing the piston rod to retract, and driving the fixed fastening bracket 7 to pass into each fastening hole to complete the locking.

[0059] When it is necessary to disassemble the upper structure, control the hydraulic cylinder to reverse the oil supply, extend the piston rod, drive the fixed fastening bracket 7 out of the locked position, and release the fixation.

[0060] Through the above design, this invention replaces manual labor with a hydraulic system. Operators only need to toggle an electronic switch to simultaneously control multiple hydraulic cylinders, completing the synchronous locking or unlocking of all fixed points. There is no need to operate each bolt individually, reducing the single disassembly / assembly time from 30-40 minutes to just a few minutes. This greatly reduces labor intensity, allowing even non-professionals (such as drivers) to easily complete the upper structure replacement.

[0061] One end of the drive mechanism (hydraulic cylinder) is directly connected to the base mechanism, requiring no additional support, resulting in a compact structure. The oil supply mechanism uses an independent mounting beam 12 to fix the hydraulic oil tank 10, independent of the original beam position of the frame 1, allowing for flexible adjustment of the oil tank position according to the overall vehicle layout (e.g., placing it in front of the rear beam 103 to avoid impact). This improves the adaptability and integration of the invention to different vehicle chassis.

[0062] Hydraulic cylinders provide stable and substantial thrust, ensuring that the fixed fastening bracket 7 will not accidentally dislodge due to vibration during vehicle operation. Compared to pneumatic or electric actuators, hydraulic systems offer higher reliability and shock resistance under heavy loads and harsh conditions. They are particularly suitable for medium to heavy-duty urban logistics vehicles, ensuring the secure fixing of the superstructure under bumpy, sharp-turning, and other challenging conditions.

[0063] Since the hydraulic oil tank 10 can supply oil to multiple hydraulic cylinders simultaneously, the synchronous operation of the fixing brackets 7 at multiple fixed points arranged longitudinally along the frame 1 can be ensured through reasonable design of the oil circuit and throttle valve, thus avoiding the skewing or jamming of the superstructure due to sequential operation. This facilitates the overall quick replacement of multi-point, large-span superstructures.

[0064] Furthermore, in this invention, the fixing and fastening bracket 7 includes a connecting rod, with a plug-in rod at each end of the connecting rod, the two plug-in rods being spaced out and parallel to each other; the fixing and fastening bracket 7 is U-shaped; the plug-in rod has a guide ring groove at the end away from the connecting rod; the guide ring groove is a frustoconical groove. The fixing and fastening bracket 7 is U-shaped overall. The connecting rod, as a lateral connecting part, is located at the bottom of the U-shape; the two plug-in rods extend from both ends of the connecting rod in the same direction; the two plug-in rods maintain a certain distance between them and are parallel to each other. This distance matches the center distance between the two fixing blocks 102 (or the two fastening holes on the same fixing block 102) on the frame 1.

[0065] Location of the guide ring groove: A guide ring groove is provided at the free end of each connector rod away from the connecting rod (i.e., the end that first enters the fastening hole). This guide ring groove is designed as a frustum-shaped groove. A frustum-shaped groove refers to a groove whose bottom surface or guide surface is shaped like a frustum-shaped cone—that is, along the axial direction of the connector rod, the diameter of the guide surface gradually increases from the end to the root (or forms a tapered transition zone).

[0066] When the hydraulic cylinder drives the fixed fastening bracket 7 to move forward, the frustum-shaped guide ring groove at the end of the plug rod first enters the fastening hole of the outer fixing block 4 (or fixing block 102) of the frame.

[0067] Even if there is a slight coaxiality deviation between the fastening hole of the upper mounting bracket 6 and the fastening hole of the frame 1 mounting block 102, the truncated cone slope can still play a centering and guiding role, pushing the plug rod to automatically slide into the correct position, and finally completing the through lock.

[0068] Compared to traditional cylindrical pins or right-angled fasteners, the aforementioned U-shaped fixing bracket 7 and its frustum-shaped guide ring groove structure offer the following significant advantages: The U-shaped structure features two parallel connecting rods that can simultaneously pass through the two fixing blocks 102 on both the inner and outer sides of the frame 1, forming a dual-point locking mechanism. Compared to single-rod locking, the dual rods distribute the constraint force of the superstructure fixing bracket 6 to two points, avoiding localized deformation or fatigue fracture caused by excessive force at a single point. This significantly improves the structural stability of the superstructure under eccentric loads, torsion, or bumpy impacts, making it particularly suitable for wide-body or heavy-duty superstructures.

[0069] The frustum-shaped guide groove at the end of the connector rod forms a progressive centering structure. When there is a misalignment between the connector rod and the center of the fastening hole that does not exceed the projection range of the conical surface, the inclined surface of the frustum will contact the edge of the hole and, with the hydraulic thrust, gradually guide the connector rod to the center position of the hole, achieving smooth insertion. This reduces the accuracy requirements for the coaxiality of each fastening hole during manufacturing and assembly, and reduces the failure rate of jamming or inability to insert due to machining errors.

[0070] This invention solves the alignment and fault tolerance problem during the insertion process by using a frustum-shaped guide ring groove, and solves the problem of uneven force distribution in unilateral locking by using a U-shaped double rod structure. Thus, while ensuring ease of assembly and disassembly, it significantly improves the reliability, durability and fault tolerance of the locking system.

[0071] Furthermore, the connecting mechanism in this invention also includes a bracket positioning block 8; the bracket positioning block 8 is arranged on the side of the fixed fastening bracket 7 near the vehicle frame 1; the bracket positioning block 8 is part of the connecting mechanism and is usually fixedly connected to the longitudinal beam 2 of the upper body base plate or the upper body fixed bracket 6, moving together with the upper body. The bracket positioning block 8 is arranged on the side of the fixed fastening bracket 7 near the vehicle frame 1. Typically, the fixed fastening bracket 7 (U-shaped bracket) passes through the outer fixing block 4 of the vehicle frame, the side of the vehicle frame 1, the upper body fixed bracket 6, and the inner fixing block 3 of the vehicle frame in the locked state. Its main body is located on the side or between the inner and outer sides of the longitudinal beam of the vehicle frame 1.

[0072] In this invention, the upper mounting bracket 6 is generally in the shape of an inverted U, mainly including an upper horizontal plate, and each end of the upper horizontal plate is provided with a vertical plate for insertion; in subsequent use, the upper mounting bracket 6 is inserted into the insertion countersunk hole 101 through the vertical plate for insertion.

[0073] In this invention, the bracket positioning block 8 is generally connected to the upper longitudinal beam 2; specifically, the bracket positioning block 8 is connected to the upper edge of the upper longitudinal beam by welding. A groove structure can be set on the bracket positioning block 6, and the upper fixed bracket is arranged in the groove structure, that is, the bracket positioning block is located at the lower end of the upper fixed bracket 6. Through the setting of the groove structure, the upper fixed bracket and the bracket positioning block 8 do not need to be fixedly connected, but the upper can still be restrained and fixed.

[0074] In this invention, the bracket positioning block is arranged between the upper longitudinal beam and the upper fixed bracket, and a groove is provided on the bracket positioning block, which is equivalent to being arranged in the groove; so that in this invention, the bracket positioning block 8 can be used to pre-position and limit the upper fixed bracket 6 (or the upper body as a whole).

[0075] In addition, the bracket positioning block disclosed in this invention can provide internal support for the upper fixed bracket. The bracket positioning block acts as an embedded part of the upper fixed bracket, thereby ensuring the fit between the two and reducing the probability of deformation of the upper fixed bracket.

[0076] Furthermore, in this invention, the horizontal cross-section of the fixing block 102 is an isosceles trapezoid; the insertion countersunk hole 101 includes a lower insertion hole and an upper guide hole, the upper guide hole being frustoconical; the upper guide hole is connected to the lower insertion hole, and the larger end of the upper guide hole is located away from the lower insertion hole. The horizontal cross-section of the fixing block 102 is an isosceles trapezoid; when the fixing block 102 is cut horizontally (parallel to the ground), the resulting cross-sectional shape is an isosceles trapezoid. The area of ​​the fixing block 102 on the side closer to the frame 1 is larger than its area away from the frame 1. This arrangement ensures the contact area between the fixing block 102 and the frame 1. The upper base (narrow side) of the trapezoid faces the outer side of the frame 1 or the insertion direction of the upper mounting bracket 6, and the lower base (wide side) faces the inner side of the frame 1 or the welding base surface. This shape gives the fixing block 102 a "wide inside, narrow outside" mechanical self-locking characteristic when subjected to lateral tensile force.

[0077] The countersunk hole 101 is not a single-shaped through hole, but rather a combination of two sections with different functions: the lower countersunk hole is located at the bottom of the countersunk hole 101 (deep inside the frame 1 fixing block 102 body) and is connected to the upper guide hole. It is usually a straight hole with a uniform cross-section (such as a cylindrical hole or a square hole), and its diameter matches the outer diameter of the upper mounting bracket 6 for final precise positioning and load bearing.

[0078] The upper guide hole is located at the entrance section of the insertion countersunk hole 101 (near the side where the upper mounting bracket 6 falls), and its shape is a frustum (i.e., a frustum or truncated cone).

[0079] The upper guide hole and the lower insertion hole are coaxially connected. The larger end of the upper guide hole is positioned away from the lower insertion hole, i.e., the larger end faces upward (towards the opening of the insertion countersunk hole 101), and the smaller end faces downward (connected to the lower insertion hole). The overall shape is a funnel or flared mouth, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. When the upper mounting bracket 6 (or the fixing fastener 7) is inserted downward into the insertion countersunk hole 101 of the fixing block 102, it first enters the larger end opening of the upper guide hole. Since the upper guide hole is frustoconical, its inner inclined surface guides and centers the inserted part: even if there is an initial deviation between the inserted part and the center of the hole, it will gradually slide towards the center along the conical surface and eventually smoothly enter the lower insertion hole.

[0080] A vehicle includes a frame 1 and a cargo box 1-2. The cargo box 1-2 is connected to the frame 1 via a vehicle-mounted quick-fix device. The cargo box 1-2 is connected to the frame 1 via multiple vehicle-mounted quick-fix devices. A connecting mechanism in each vehicle-mounted quick-fix device is connected to the cargo box 1-2. A base mechanism in each vehicle-mounted quick-fix device is connected to the frame 1. The vehicle mainly comprises two core parts: the frame 1 (chassis load-bearing structure) and the cargo box 1-2 (functional components for loading goods, such as vans, refrigerated boxes, and sideboards). The two are detachably connected via the vehicle-mounted quick-fix devices. The cargo box 1-2 is not connected to the frame 1 via a single fixed point, but rather via multiple vehicle-mounted quick-fix devices. These devices are spaced apart along the longitudinal direction (front-to-back direction) of the frame 1, typically arranged symmetrically from left to right, forming a stable multi-point support system.

[0081] The connecting mechanism (including the upper body fixing bracket 6, bracket positioning block 8, etc.) is fixedly connected to the upper body cargo box 1-2 and is hoisted and replaced together with the upper body cargo box 1-2. This means that each upper body cargo box 1-2 is pre-installed with a matching connecting mechanism. The base mechanism (including the fixing block 102) is fixedly connected to the frame 1 and is permanently retained with the frame 1. The oil supply mechanism of the hydraulic system (hydraulic oil tank 10, mounting beam 12, etc.) is also installed on the frame 1. The fixing structure (fixed fastening bracket 7) is driven by the hydraulic system and moves on the side of the frame 1 to achieve locking or disengagement from the connecting mechanism.

[0082] When installing the upper cargo box 1-2, the upper cargo box 1-2 pre-installed with the connecting mechanism is hoisted above the vehicle frame 1, so that the upper fixing brackets 6 in each connecting mechanism are inserted into the corresponding base mechanism (fixing block 102) insertion countersunk holes 101. Then, the hydraulic system is activated to drive the fixing fastening brackets 7 through each hole to complete the locking. When replacing the upper cargo box 1-2, the hydraulic system drives the fixing fastening brackets 7 to retract, unlocking the upper cargo box 1-2 and then directly hoisting it up. Then, another upper cargo box 1-2 pre-installed with a matching connecting mechanism is lowered and locked.

[0083] Compared to vehicles where the superstructure and frame 1 are rigidly connected by bolts or welds, the above-mentioned "vehicle + multiple quick-fixing devices" technical solution has the following significant advantages:

[0084] 1. Enables multiple uses for one vehicle, significantly improving vehicle utilization.

[0085] Effect: The same chassis (frame 1 + power system) can quickly switch between different types of cargo boxes 1-2 – use a van for express delivery in the morning, switch to a refrigerated box for transporting fresh produce in the afternoon, and switch to a flatbed truck for transporting large items in the evening. Each cargo box 1-2 comes pre-installed with a matching connection mechanism, and the changeover time is only a few minutes. Users only need to purchase one chassis and multiple dedicated cargo boxes 1-2 to meet various transportation needs, significantly reducing vehicle purchase and operating costs.

[0086] 2. Multi-point distributed fixing ensures uniform and stable stress distribution.

[0087] By using multiple fixing devices spaced longitudinally along the frame 1, the weight and inertial load of the superstructure cargo boxes 1-2 are distributed across multiple cross-sections of the frame 1, avoiding load concentration at the front and rear ends. The symmetrical arrangement ensures anti-roll capability. Compared to traditional four-point or six-point bolt fixing, this solution provides a more uniform load distribution, reduces localized stress concentration on the frame 1, and extends the service life of the frame 1 and the superstructure.

[0088] 3. The connecting mechanism is integrated with the upper body, eliminating the need for additional alignment during installation.

[0089] Each upper cargo box 1-2 is pre-installed with a matching connecting mechanism (upper body fixing bracket 6, bracket positioning block 8, etc.) at its bottom. This means that the connecting mechanisms of different cargo boxes have the same interface size and positional accuracy as the base mechanism on the frame 1. When changing cargo boxes, there is no need to disassemble or adjust any connecting parts on site. This achieves "plug and play" replacement of upper cargo boxes 1-2, greatly simplifying the on-site operation process.

[0090] 4. The base mechanism is fixed to the frame 1, and the hydraulic system does not require repeated disassembly and reassembly;

[0091] The base mechanism and hydraulic system are permanently mounted on frame 1 and are used long-term with the chassis. Each time the superstructure is replaced, locking or unlocking is achieved simply by operating a hydraulic switch; hydraulic lines and electrical wiring harnesses do not require repeated plugging and unplugging. This reduces the number of moving interfaces, lowers the risk of leaks, poor contact, and other malfunctions caused by repeated disassembly and reassembly, and improves the overall reliability of the system.

[0092] 5. Reduce the manufacturing and maintenance costs of the upper structure;

[0093] Each upper cargo box 1-2 only requires prefabricated connecting mechanisms (upper cargo fixing bracket 6, bracket positioning block 8) to be welded to the bottom, eliminating the need for complex bolt hole positioning or precision machining. Compared to the traditional method that requires drilling numerous bolt holes and equipping anti-loosening washers on the bottom of the cargo box, the manufacturing process is much simpler. The production cost of the upper cargo box 1-2 is reduced, and maintenance such as replacing the connecting mechanism is also more convenient.

[0094] Furthermore, in this invention, the frame 1 includes two spaced longitudinal beams; each longitudinal beam includes two relatively symmetrically distributed channel steel beams; the vertical cross-section of the channel steel beams is [ ] shaped; the fixing block 102 is arranged within the channel steel beams. The frame 1 includes two spaced longitudinal beams, namely a left longitudinal beam and a right longitudinal beam, which extend along the front-rear direction of the vehicle and are arranged symmetrically to form the main load-bearing skeleton of the frame 1. Each longitudinal beam is not a single type of steel, but is composed of two relatively symmetrically distributed channel steel beams. "Relatively symmetrical distribution" means that the opening directions of the two channel steel beams are opposite (for example, one opening inward and the other opening outward). The vertical cross-section of the channel steel beam is [ ] shaped (i.e., C-shaped steel), with one web and two flanges. This cross-section has high bending stiffness and torsional stiffness, while being lightweight.

[0095] The fixing block 102 is arranged inside the channel steel beam. Specifically, the fixing block 102 is installed inside the groove of the channel steel beam (i.e., in the space between the two flanges), rather than welded to the outer surface of the channel steel beam.

[0096] Since each longitudinal beam consists of two oppositely distributed channel steel beams, the fixing block 102 can be arranged in the inner cavity of one of the channel steel beams, or the fixing block 102 can be arranged in the inner cavities of both channel steel beams to form an inner and outer opposing fixing structure.

[0097] Embedding the fixing block 102 inside the channel steel beam serves two purposes: firstly, it utilizes the structural strength of the channel steel beam itself to support the fixing block 102; secondly, it allows the force on the fixing block 102 to be directly transferred to the web and flanges of the channel steel beam, forming an efficient load path. Furthermore, this embedded arrangement does not occupy excessive external space on the vehicle frame 1, contributing to the compactness of the overall vehicle layout.

[0098] Compared to the traditional frame structure 1 that uses a single rectangular steel tube or I-beam as the longitudinal beam and externally welded fixing block 102, the above-mentioned technical solution of "double channel steel beam combined longitudinal beam + internally embedded fixing block 102" has the following significant advantages:

[0099] 1. Significantly improves the local stiffness and torsional resistance of the frame;

[0100] The combination of two relatively distributed channel steel beams forms a closed or semi-closed box-shaped section, whose bending section modulus and torsional moment of inertia are much greater than those of a single open steel section of the same weight. The fixing block 102 is arranged inside the channel steel beam, so that the load at the locking point acts directly on the high-rigidity cavity, rather than being cantilevered externally. This effectively resists torsional and bending deformation during vehicle operation. Especially when the upper cargo box 1-2 is on bumpy roads or making sharp turns, the frame 1 is less prone to twisting, ensuring the alignment accuracy of the holes between multiple fixing devices and preventing the fixing bracket 7 from jamming.

[0101] 2. To achieve embedded protection for the fixing block 102, preventing damage from bumps and knocks;

[0102] The fixing block 102 is fully or partially contained within the groove of the channel steel beam and is laterally protected by the flange. During vehicle operation, flying stones, road shoulder scrapes, or impacts from foreign objects under the chassis will not directly affect the fixing block 102. This reduces the risk of deformation or damage to the fixing block 102 due to external impacts, improving the survivability and long-term reliability of the fixing device.

[0103] 3. Enhance the connection strength between the fixing block 102 and the frame 1;

[0104] After the fixing block 102 is embedded inside the channel steel beam, its connection with the frame 1 can be three-sided welding or insert welding. Compared with the external fixing block 102 which is only welded on one side, the stress-bearing area is larger and the stress distribution is more uniform. At the same time, the web and flange of the channel steel beam can jointly restrain the fixing block 102, preventing it from overturning or displacing under stress. This significantly improves the pull-out resistance and fatigue resistance of the fixing block 102, making it less prone to weld cracking under long-term heavy load vibration conditions; it also improves the local structural strength of the frame 1.

[0105] 4. Facilitates the implementation of an internally and externally opposing double fixed block 102 layout;

[0106] Since each longitudinal beam consists of two oppositely distributed channel steel beams, two opposing mounting surfaces are naturally formed, one inner and one outer. The inner frame fixing block 3 can be arranged in the inner cavity of the inner channel steel beam, and the outer frame fixing block 4 can be arranged in the inner cavity (or outer side) of the outer channel steel beam. These two surfaces are precisely opposite each other, providing a natural through-hole channel for the U-shaped fastening bracket's through-hole locking. This simplifies the structural design of the frame 1, eliminating the need for additional complex through-hole machining or welding of multi-layer brackets, thus reducing manufacturing difficulty and cost.

[0107] 5. Lower the overall vehicle center of gravity height;

[0108] By embedding the fixing block 102 inside the channel steel beam, the connection point between the upper structure fixing bracket 6 and the frame 1 is lowered, allowing the mounting plane of the upper cargo box 1-2 to be closer to the upper wing surface of the frame 1, thereby lowering the overall vehicle center of gravity. This improves vehicle stability and reduces the risk of lateral tilting during turns, with particularly noticeable effects on tall upper structures such as box trucks.

[0109] Furthermore, in this invention, the two longitudinal beams are connected by multiple frame crossbeams 11, and the two longitudinal beams are connected near the rear of the vehicle by a rear crossbeam 103; the mounting crossbeam 12 in the vehicle superstructure quick-fix device is distributed parallel to the rear crossbeam 103 on the frame 1 at intervals; the mounting crossbeam 12 is arranged on the side of the rear crossbeam 103 away from the rear of the vehicle. The two spaced longitudinal beams (left longitudinal beam and right longitudinal beam) are connected to each other near the rear of the vehicle by the rear crossbeam 103. The rear crossbeam 103 is a key lateral connecting component at the rear of the frame 1, and its function is to fix the left and right longitudinal beams together to form a stable rectangular frame structure; and to withstand impact loads (such as rear-end collisions) and torsional loads from the rear.

[0110] The mounting beam 12 is positioned on the rear crossbeam 103 away from the rear of the vehicle. "Away from the rear" means closer to the front. In other words, the rear crossbeam 103 is located behind the mounting beam 12 (towards the rear end of the vehicle), while the mounting beam 12 is located in front of the rear crossbeam 103 (towards the front of the vehicle). The hydraulic oil tank 10 is fixed to the mounting beam 12, located in front of (inner) the rear crossbeam 103. When the vehicle suffers a rear-end collision (such as a rear-end collision), the rear crossbeam 103 acts as the first line of defense, absorbing and dispersing the impact energy, protecting the hydraulic oil tank 10 located in front of it from direct impact.

[0111] This invention utilizes a rear crossbeam 103 as a collision barrier to protect the hydraulic oil tank 10. Located behind the hydraulic oil tank 10, the rear crossbeam 103 acts as a natural protective beam. In the event of a rear-end collision or a reversing impact, the rear crossbeam 103 will initially bear the impact load, absorbing energy through deformation or collapse, preventing the impacting object from directly contacting the hydraulic oil tank 10. This significantly reduces the risk of the hydraulic oil tank 10 rupturing and leaking oil in rear-end collisions, improving vehicle safety and the survivability of the hydraulic system, making it particularly suitable for scenarios involving frequent reversing and parking in urban logistics.

[0112] The mounting beam 12 is positioned in front of the rear crossbeam 103 (closer to the front of the vehicle), meaning the hydraulic oil tank 10 is located relatively close to the center or front of the vehicle. For the multiple hydraulic cylinders arranged longitudinally along the frame 1, the distance from the hydraulic oil tank 10 to each cylinder is more balanced, and the oil pipe length is moderate. This avoids the problems of excessively long oil circuits, large pressure loss, and delayed response in the front cylinders caused by the hydraulic oil tank 10 being too far back, ensuring that all hydraulic cylinders can act synchronously and quickly.

[0113] The space between the rear crossbeam 103 and the mounting crossbeam 12, as well as the area in front of the mounting crossbeam 12, is often a relatively unused area at the rear of the chassis 1. Placing the hydraulic oil tank 10 here does not occupy the bottom space of the upper cargo box 1-2, nor does it affect the arrangement of other components in the middle of the chassis 1 (such as the drive shaft, spare tire carrier, air tank, etc.). This improves the utilization rate of the rear space of the chassis 1, making the overall chassis layout neater and more rational.

[0114] The installation of the crossbeam 12 can also serve as a reinforcement, better ensuring the structural strength of the frame 1.

[0115] If the rear crossbeam 103 collapses in a severe rear-end collision, the collapse deformation may not immediately affect the hydraulic oil tank 10 due to the gap between it and the mounting crossbeam 12. Even if the rear crossbeam 103 is completely crushed, the mounting crossbeam 12 can still act as a second line of defense, further protecting the hydraulic oil tank 10. This provides a two-stage protection mechanism, further reducing the probability of hydraulic system failure under extreme collision conditions.

[0116] The mounting crossbeam 12, as an independent component, can be pre-assembled into a hydraulic oil supply module with the hydraulic oil tank 10, hydraulic oil pipes 13, etc., on the vehicle frame 1 assembly line, and then connected to the vehicle frame 1 as a whole. The rear crossbeam 103 is installed according to the traditional process, and the two do not interfere with each other. This facilitates the division of labor in the production line and modular supply, improving assembly efficiency.

[0117] Example:

[0118] This invention discloses a quick-fixing device for vehicle superstructure, mainly comprising a hydraulic system and a mechanical fixing device 1-1. The mechanical fixing device 1-1 is connected to the vehicle frame 1. The superstructure cargo box 1-2 includes a superstructure base plate longitudinal beam 2, an inner fixing block 3 of the vehicle frame, an outer fixing block 4 of the vehicle frame, a superstructure fixing bracket 6, a U-shaped fastening bracket 7, a bracket positioning block 8, a vehicle frame crossbeam 11, and a mounting crossbeam 12. The hydraulic system includes a hydraulic pump 5, an electronic control switch 9, a hydraulic oil tank 10, and several hydraulic oil pipes 13.

[0119] Depending on their location, the fixing block 102 can be referred to as the inner fixing block 3 of the frame and the outer fixing block 4 of the frame.

[0120] The inner frame fixing block 3 is welded and fixed to the inner side of the frame 1 by laser welding, and the outer frame fixing block 4 is welded and fixed to the outer side of the frame 1 by laser welding. Laser welding has high precision, small heat-affected zone, and low deformation. During welding, it can ensure the alignment accuracy of the fastening holes on the inner frame fixing block 3 and the outer frame fixing block 4 with the through holes on the side of the frame 1. The outer frame fixing block 4 has four M3 threaded holes. The hydraulic pump 5 is fixed to the outer frame fixing block 4 by four sets of M3 hex bolts. The U-shaped fastening bracket 7 is connected to the front end ring of the hydraulic rod of the hydraulic pump 5, and the connection with the ring is a transition fit. It passes through the fastening holes on the outer fixing block 3 of the frame, the through hole on the side of the frame 1, the fastening hole on the upper fixing bracket 6, and the fastening hole on the inner fixing block 4 of the frame in sequence. It has a transition fit with the fastening holes on the outer fixing block 3, the fastening holes on the inner fixing block 4 of the frame, and the fastening holes on the upper fixing bracket 6, and a clearance fit with the through hole on the side of the frame 1. The upper fixing bracket positioning block 8 is also laser welded to the corresponding position of the longitudinal beam 2 of the upper base plate. The upper fixing bracket positioning block 8 can position the upper fixing bracket and restrict the upper body from moving forward and backward. The upper fixing bracket positioning block 8 and the upper fixing bracket also have a transition fit.

[0121] In this invention, the bracket positioning block and the upper fastening bracket can be connected by various fixing methods, such as welding, fasteners, etc.; of course, the above-mentioned groove limiting design can also be used (groove limiting allows the bracket positioning block and the upper fastening bracket to be not fixedly connected in the longitudinal direction, and this design makes it convenient for the upper fastening bracket to be changed as needed).

[0122] Hydraulic pump 5 is connected to hydraulic oil tank 10 via hydraulic oil pipe 13. Hydraulic oil tank 10 is fixed to hydraulic oil tank mounting beam 12 with bolts. Hydraulic oil tank 10 is fixed in front of rear beam 103 of the vehicle frame to prevent hydraulic oil tank 10 from being impacted by objects from behind the vehicle, ensuring the safety of hydraulic oil tank 10. When designing hydraulic oil tank 10, the maximum pressure of the oil chamber connected to each hydraulic oil pipe 13 needs to be set according to the distance of each hydraulic pump 5 from hydraulic oil tank 10, which can prevent hydraulic pump 5 at a greater distance from not reaching its maximum stroke. The pressure of the hydraulic pump 5, which is close to the hydraulic oil tank 10, exceeds the pressure required for the maximum stroke. This ensures that when the hydraulic pump 5 controls the U-shaped fastening bracket 7 to move forward, the U-shaped fastening bracket 7 can fully enter the fixing block 3 inside the frame. When the hydraulic pump 5 controls the U-shaped fastening bracket 7 to move backward, the U-shaped fastening bracket 7 can fully exit the upper body fixing bracket 6, preventing the upper body from being fixed or unable to be disassembled. The electronic control switch 910 is bolted to the side of the frame 1 and controls the hydraulic oil tank 10 to start and stop through the wiring harness, thereby controlling the entire hydraulic system.

[0123] The inner and outer fixing blocks 102 and the upper mounting fixing bracket 6 on the frame 1 are made of Q355C high-strength alloy steel, which can prevent rust from causing the fixing device to malfunction. The height of the inner fixing block 3 is the same as the inner dimension height of the longitudinal beam of the frame 1, and the size of the outer fixing block 4 is the same as the outer dimension height of the longitudinal beam of the frame 1. The fastening groove on the inner and outer fixing blocks 102 of the frame 1 is 30mm×5mm and passes through the inner and outer fixing blocks 102 of the frame 1. The fastening holes on the inner fixing block 3, the outer fixing block 4, and the upper mounting fixing bracket 6 are 15mm diameter through holes.

[0124] The U-shaped fixing bracket 7 is made of Q355C high-strength alloy steel with a diameter of 15mm. Both ends are designed with chamfers. It can be used as a guide device when passing through the fastening holes of the outer fixing block 4 of the frame, the fastening holes of the upper fixing bracket, and the fastening holes of the inner fixing block 3 of the frame. It prevents the U-shaped fixing bracket from being unable to pass through the fastening holes of the upper fixing bracket when the fastening holes of the upper fixing bracket are not fully aligned with the fastening holes on the inner and outer fixing blocks 102 of the frame 1.

[0125] The hydraulic pump 5 is a two-stage hydraulic pump with a maximum stroke of 90mm. The distance between the inner surface of the inner fixing block 3 and the outer surface of the outer fixing block 4 is 96mm. When the U-shaped fastening bracket is installed, the distance between the end face of the U-shaped fastening bracket and the outer surface of the outer fixing bracket of the frame 1 is 88mm. When the hydraulic pump 5 drives the U-shaped fastening bracket to move outward to the maximum stroke position, the distance between the end face of the U-shaped fastening bracket 7 and the outer surface of the outer fixing block 4 is 4mm. The U-shaped fastening bracket 7 does not need to be completely removed from the outer fixing block 4 of the frame. The upper fixing bracket 6 can be taken out upward, which can avoid the problem of needing to reposition after the U-shaped fastening bracket 7 is completely removed.

[0126] Installation method and working principle

[0127] 1. When installing this device, first pass the U-shaped fixing bracket 7 through the front end ring of the hydraulic rod and place the ring in the middle of the U-shaped fixing bracket 7. Then insert the upper mounting bracket along the fastening groove on the inner and outer fastening blocks of the frame 1, so that the fastening hole on the upper mounting bracket is aligned with the fastening hole of the inner and outer fixing blocks 102 of the frame 1. Then pass the U-shaped fixing bracket 7 through the fastening hole of the outer fixing block 4 of the frame, the through hole on the side of the frame 1, and the fastening hole of the inner fixing block 3 of the frame, respectively. Confirm that the hydraulic pump 5 is in the initial position. Fix the hydraulic pump 5 to the outer fixing block 4 of the frame with M3 bolts and connect the oil pipe. Use the above method to fix the remaining hydraulic devices in sequence. Finally, install the oil tank and electronic control switch 9.

[0128] 2. When installing the upper structure for the first time using this device, the entire device must be installed in advance. Use the electronic control switch 9 to start the hydraulic oil tank 10, causing the hydraulic rod to push outward and drive the U-shaped fixing bracket 7 to retract outward. At this time, the upper structure fixing bracket 6 is not fixed and can be directly removed. Use a lifting tool to lift the upper structure above the vehicle for initial alignment, and place the 8 upper structure fixing brackets in the center of the corresponding upper structure fixing bracket positioning block 8 for positioning. After confirming that the 8 upper structure fixing brackets are inserted into the inner and outer positioning fastening grooves of the frame 1, lower the upper structure. Use the electronic control switch 9 to start the hydraulic pump 5. When the hydraulic rod retracts, it drives the U-shaped fixing bracket 7 to move backward, passing through the fastening hole of the outer fixing block 4 of the frame, the through hole on the side of the frame 1, and the fastening hole of the inner fixing block 3 of the frame. The upper structure is now fixed.

[0129] 3. When disassembling the upper structure, use the electronic control switch 9 to start the hydraulic pump 5. The hydraulic rod will push outward, causing the U-shaped fixing bracket 7 to retract outward. When the hydraulic rod reaches its maximum stroke, the U-shaped fixing bracket 7 will completely retract from the upper structure fixing bracket 6. At this point, the upper structure can be lifted directly using a lifting tool to complete the replacement.

[0130] Obviously, the specific implementation of this invention is not limited to the above-described methods. Any non-substantial improvements made using the inventive concept and technical solution of this invention are within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A quick-fix device for vehicle superstructure, characterized in that, This includes hydraulic systems and mechanical fixing devices; The mechanical fixing device includes an installation structure and a fixing structure; The mounting structure includes a base mechanism and a connecting mechanism; The fixing structure includes a fixing fastening bracket; The base mechanism includes a fixing block mounted on the vehicle frame; The connecting mechanism includes an upper fixed bracket; The fixing block is provided with a countersunk hole; the upper fixing bracket can be inserted into the countersunk hole on the fixing block; The hydraulic system can control the installation and fixation of the fixing bracket through the fixing block, the upper fixing bracket, and the frame for connecting the mechanism on the frame.

2. The vehicle superstructure quick-fixing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the base mechanisms includes two fixing blocks; the fixing blocks in each base mechanism are distributed opposite each other on opposite sides of the frame.

3. The vehicle superstructure quick-fixing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydraulic system includes a drive mechanism; one end of the drive mechanism is connected to the base mechanism, and the other end is connected to the fixed fastening bracket in the fixed structure.

4. The vehicle superstructure quick-fixing device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The hydraulic system also includes an oil supply mechanism, which includes a mounting beam connected to the frame; a hydraulic oil tank is provided on the mounting beam; the drive mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder; and the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the hydraulic oil tank.

5. A quick-fixing device for vehicle superstructure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing fastener includes a connecting rod, with a plug-in rod at each end of the connecting rod, and the two plug-in rods are distributed parallel to each other at intervals; the fixing fastener is U-shaped; the plug-in rod has a guide ring groove at the end away from the connecting rod; the guide ring groove is a frustoconical groove.

6. The vehicle superstructure quick-fixing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting mechanism also includes a bracket positioning block; the bracket positioning block is arranged on the side of the fixed fastening bracket near the vehicle frame.

7. A quick-fixing device for vehicle superstructure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The horizontal cross-section of the fixing block is an isosceles trapezoid; the insertion countersunk hole includes a lower insertion hole and an upper guide hole, the upper guide hole being frustoconical; the upper guide hole is connected to the lower insertion hole, and the larger end of the upper guide hole is located away from the lower insertion hole.

8. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes a frame and a superstructure cargo box; the superstructure cargo box is connected to the frame via a vehicle superstructure quick-fix device as described in any one of claims 1-7; the superstructure cargo box is connected to the frame via a plurality of vehicle superstructure quick-fix devices; the connecting mechanism in each vehicle superstructure quick-fix device is connected to the superstructure cargo box; the base mechanism in each vehicle superstructure quick-fix device is connected to the frame.

9. A vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that, The frame includes two spaced longitudinal beams; each longitudinal beam includes two relatively symmetrically distributed channel steel beams; the vertical cross-section of the channel steel beams is U-shaped; the fixing blocks are arranged inside the channel steel beams.

10. A vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that, The longitudinal beam is connected to the rear crossbeam at one end near the rear of the vehicle; the mounting crossbeam in the vehicle superstructure quick-fix device is distributed parallel to the rear crossbeam on the vehicle frame at intervals; the mounting crossbeam is arranged on the side of the rear crossbeam away from the rear of the vehicle.

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