Carbon capture and storage system coupled with new energy and method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of carbon capture and storage system and method coupled with new energy, and the system carbon emission source board piece includes the carbon emission source of multiple carbon emission factories;Land carbon capture and storage board piece includes the carbon capture facility of being arranged in carbon emission factory, CO2 centralized compression liquefaction station, carbon capture facility is connected with CO2 centralized compression liquefaction station by CO2 first transport pipeline;Offshore carbon capture and storage board piece includes offshore carbon storage platform, offshore carbon storage platform is connected with CO2 centralized compression liquefaction station by CO2 second transport pipeline;Offshore new energy power board piece includes offshore wind farm and offshore photovoltaic field, offshore new energy power board piece is connected with land carbon capture and storage board piece and offshore carbon capture and storage board piece respectively by transmission line.The system of the present application can solve the problem that coastal carbon emission factory CO2 is difficult to consume, the construction and operation cost of offshore carbon storage is higher, lack of clean power resources and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon capture and storage technology, and more specifically, to a carbon capture and storage system and method coupled with new energy sources. Background Technology

[0002] Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is considered one of the important pathways to achieve low-carbon utilization of fossil fuels. Coastal areas typically have a large number of industrial facilities such as thermal power plants and chemical plants, which are major concentrated sources of carbon dioxide emissions. Meanwhile, near-shore geological structures, such as the Pearl River Estuary Basin, the East China Sea Shelf Basin, and the Bohai Bay Basin, contain abundant marine carbon sequestration resources, making marine CO2 sequestration feasible. Therefore, planning and constructing CCS industrial bases connecting onshore emission sources and marine sequestration sites is one of the realistic options for addressing industrial carbon emissions from coastal areas.

[0003] However, a complete coastal CCS industry chain involves multiple complex links such as carbon capture of emission sources, construction of onshore and offshore storage bases, and planning and construction of transmission pipelines. The overall construction and operation costs are high, which to some extent restricts the dual-carbon process of coastal carbon emission plants.

[0004] US11873991B2 proposes a system for offshore power generation and direct CO2 sequestration. The system comprises an offshore platform and multiple internal combustion engines. These engines drive electricity generation, and the CO2 in the flue gas is captured by a sequestration system and directly stored on the seabed. The generated electricity is then transmitted to an onshore power grid. However, the power generation process in this scheme consumes a large amount of fossil fuels, generating additional carbon emissions itself, and cannot provide a clean electricity-based carbon mitigation solution for onshore emission sources.

[0005] CN114278257B proposes a device and method for synchronizing offshore oilfield development and supercritical CO2 sequestration, enabling carbon sequestration to be carried out simultaneously with offshore oil and gas development. However, the application scenarios of this scheme are mainly limited to offshore oil and gas platforms, and it cannot solve the problem of CO2 consumption from a large number of land-based carbon-emitting plants (such as thermal power plants, chemical plants, etc.).

[0006] In summary, existing CCS industry solutions mainly suffer from the following problems: high energy consumption and investment in carbon capture, compression, transportation, and storage; most CCS facilities rely on external power grids for power supply, and if the grid cleanliness is low, the overall carbon emission reduction benefits will be partially offset; although coastal emission sources are close to potential offshore storage areas, the lack of integrated land-sea planning easily leads to duplication of infrastructure construction such as pipelines and low overall utilization efficiency; existing solutions fail to deeply integrate new energy forms such as wind power, photovoltaics, and energy storage with the entire CCS process, making it difficult to achieve carbon emission reduction driven by clean electricity.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a clean, low-cost, large-scale and system-integrated CCS industrial base solution to achieve full-chain optimization from clean energy supply to carbon capture and storage. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a carbon capture and storage system and method coupled with new energy sources. This system can solve problems such as the difficulty of CO2 absorption by coastal carbon emission plants, the high construction and operation costs of offshore carbon storage, and the lack of clean power resources.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, a first aspect of the present invention provides a carbon capture and storage system coupled with new energy sources, the system comprising: The carbon emission source segment includes carbon emission sources from multiple carbon emission plants; The onshore carbon capture and storage module includes a carbon capture facility and a centralized CO2 compression and liquefaction station installed at the carbon emission plant. The carbon capture facility is connected to the centralized CO2 compression and liquefaction station via a first CO2 transport pipeline. The marine carbon capture and storage module includes a marine carbon storage platform, which is connected to the centralized CO2 compression and liquefaction station via a second CO2 transport pipeline. The offshore new energy power sector includes offshore wind farms and offshore photovoltaic farms located around the onshore carbon capture and storage sector and the offshore carbon capture and storage sector. The offshore new energy power sector is connected to the onshore carbon capture and storage sector and the offshore carbon capture and storage sector respectively through transmission lines.

[0010] Optionally, the carbon emission source segment also includes an offshore oil and gas platform, which is connected to the offshore carbon sequestration platform via a third CO2 transport pipeline.

[0011] Optionally, the onshore carbon capture and storage (CCLS) plate also includes a seawater carbon sequestration field, which is connected to the carbon emission source plate via a fourth CO2 transport pipeline.

[0012] Optionally, the onshore carbon capture and storage module also includes a CO2 gas storage station connected to the CO2 centralized compression and liquefaction station.

[0013] Optionally, the offshore wind farms and offshore photovoltaic farms of the offshore new energy power sector include: near-shore wind farms and near-shore fixed photovoltaic farms, which are connected to the onshore carbon capture and storage sector via transmission lines; and deep-sea wind farms and deep-sea floating photovoltaic farms, which are connected to the offshore carbon capture and storage sector via submarine transmission lines.

[0014] Optionally, the offshore new energy power sector also includes onshore energy storage facilities and offshore energy storage facilities; The nearshore wind farm and the nearshore fixed photovoltaic farm are connected to the onshore energy storage facility via transmission lines, and the onshore energy storage facility is connected to the onshore carbon capture and storage (CCLS) plate via transmission lines; the deep-sea wind farm and the deep-sea floating photovoltaic farm are connected to the offshore energy storage facility via submarine transmission lines, and the offshore energy storage facility is connected to the offshore CCLS plate via transmission lines.

[0015] Optionally, the carbon emission sources of the carbon emission plant include carbon emission sources from thermal power plants, chemical plants, steel plants, and cement plants.

[0016] Optionally, the carbon capture facilities installed in the carbon emission plant include carbon capture facilities for the thermal power plant, the chemical plant, the steel plant, and the cement plant, respectively connected to the carbon emission sources of the thermal power plant, the chemical plant, the steel plant, and the cement plant.

[0017] Optionally, the offshore carbon sequestration platform is used to inject CO2 into the seabed for saline aquifer sequestration or basalt mineralization sequestration.

[0018] A second aspect of the present invention provides a carbon capture and storage method coupled with new energy sources, the method using the system provided in the first aspect of the present invention, the method comprising: The CO2-containing flue gas generated by the carbon emission source blocks is partially captured by carbon capture facilities and transported to the CO2 centralized compression and liquefaction station and CO2 storage station through the first CO2 transport pipeline; the other part is transported to the seawater carbon sequestration field for mineralization and carbon sequestration through the fourth CO2 transport pipeline. The captured CO2 is compressed and liquefied at the CO2 centralized compression and liquefaction station and then transported to the offshore carbon sequestration platform via the second CO2 transport pipeline; at the same time, CO2 separated from the offshore oil and gas platform is transported to the offshore carbon sequestration platform via the third CO2 transport pipeline. CO2 delivered to the offshore carbon sequestration platform is injected into the seabed underground reservoir for storage through injection wells; The offshore renewable energy power sector provides the necessary power for the operation of both the onshore and offshore carbon capture and storage sectors.

[0019] Through the above technical solution, the system of the present invention couples the new energy power sector and the carbon capture and storage sector, that is, it uses the new energy power sector to provide power to the onshore carbon capture and storage sector and the offshore carbon capture and storage sector. Through the synergy of the various functional sectors, it can avoid the additional carbon emissions generated by external power grid supply such as thermal power generation, effectively reduce the power transportation costs for offshore carbon storage, realize the CO2 absorption of coastal carbon emission plants, and realize the carbon emission reduction process driven by clean electricity.

[0020] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a carbon capture and storage system coupled with new energy sources according to the present invention.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures 1-Coal-fired power plant; 2-Chemical plant; 3-Steel plant; 4-Cement plant; 5-Coal-fired power plant carbon capture facility; 6-Chemical plant carbon capture facility; 7-Steel plant carbon capture facility; 8-Cement plant carbon capture facility; 9-CCO2 centralized compression and liquefaction station; 10-CO2 gas storage station; 11-Seawater carbon sequestration field; 12-Offshore carbon sequestration platform; 13-Offshore oil and gas platform; 14-Offshore wind farm; 15-Offshore fixed photovoltaic farm; 16-Deep-sea wind farm; 17-Deep-sea floating photovoltaic farm; 18-Onshore energy storage facility; 19-Offshore energy storage facility. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The following provides a detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative and explanatory purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0024] The first aspect of this invention provides a carbon capture and storage system coupled with new energy sources, the system comprising: The carbon emission source segment includes carbon emission sources from multiple carbon emission plants; The onshore carbon capture and storage module includes a carbon capture facility and a CO2 centralized compression and liquefaction station 9 installed at the carbon emission plant. The carbon capture facility is connected to the CO2 centralized compression and liquefaction station 9 through a first CO2 transport pipeline. The marine carbon capture and storage module includes a marine carbon storage platform 12, which is connected to the CO2 centralized compression and liquefaction station 9 via a second CO2 transport pipeline. The offshore new energy power sector includes offshore wind farms and offshore photovoltaic farms located around the onshore carbon capture and storage sector and the offshore carbon capture and storage sector. The offshore new energy power sector is connected to the onshore carbon capture and storage sector and the offshore carbon capture and storage sector respectively through transmission lines.

[0025] The present invention allows the offshore new energy power sector to be set up near the onshore carbon capture and storage sector and the offshore carbon capture and storage sector, which can reduce the power transmission distance and allow for simultaneous marine resource exploration, thereby reducing the investment and operating costs of carbon capture and storage.

[0026] According to the present invention, optionally, the carbon emission sources of the carbon emission plant include the carbon emission sources of the thermal power plant 1, the carbon emission sources of the chemical plant 2, the carbon emission sources of the steel plant 3, and the carbon emission sources of the cement plant 4.

[0027] Optionally, according to the present invention, the carbon capture facilities installed in the carbon emission plant include a thermal power plant carbon capture facility 5, a chemical plant carbon capture facility 6, a steel plant carbon capture facility 7, and a cement plant carbon capture facility 8, which are respectively connected to the carbon emission sources of the thermal power plant 1, the chemical plant 2, the steel plant 3, and the cement plant 4. The thermal power plant carbon capture facility 5, the chemical plant carbon capture facility 6, the steel plant carbon capture facility 7, and the cement plant carbon capture facility 8 are respectively connected to the CO2 centralized compression and liquefaction station 9 via a first CO2 transport pipeline.

[0028] According to the present invention, optionally, the onshore carbon capture and storage module further includes a CO2 gas storage station 10 connected to the CO2 centralized compression and liquefaction station 9.

[0029] Optionally, according to the present invention, the land-based carbon capture and storage (CCLS) plate further includes a seawater carbon sequestration field 11, which is connected to the carbon emission source plate via a fourth CO2 transport pipeline. That is, the seawater carbon sequestration field 11 is connected to the carbon emission sources of the thermal power plant 1, the chemical plant 2, the steel plant 3, and the cement plant 4, respectively, via the fourth CO2 transport pipeline.

[0030] According to the present invention, optionally, the carbon emission source segment also includes an offshore oil and gas platform 13, which is connected to the offshore carbon sequestration platform 12 via a third CO2 transport pipeline.

[0031] According to the present invention, optionally, the offshore wind farm and offshore photovoltaic farm of the offshore new energy power sector include: an offshore wind farm 14 and an offshore fixed photovoltaic farm 15, which are connected to the onshore carbon capture and storage sector via transmission lines; and a deep-sea wind farm 16 and a deep-sea floating photovoltaic farm 17, which are connected to the offshore carbon capture and storage sector via submarine transmission lines.

[0032] According to the present invention, optionally, the offshore new energy power sector further includes onshore energy storage facility 18 and offshore energy storage facility 19; The nearshore wind farm 14 and the nearshore fixed photovoltaic farm 15 are connected to the onshore energy storage facility 18 via transmission lines, and the onshore energy storage facility 18 is connected to the onshore carbon capture and storage (CCLS) plate via transmission lines; the deep-sea wind farm 16 and the deep-sea floating photovoltaic farm 17 are connected to the offshore energy storage facility 19 via submarine transmission lines, and the offshore energy storage facility 19 is connected to the offshore CCLS plate via transmission lines.

[0033] According to the present invention, optionally, the onshore energy storage facility 18 is connected to the carbon capture facility of the onshore carbon capture and storage plate, the seawater carbon sequestration field 11 and the CO2 centralized compression and liquefaction station 9 via transmission lines.

[0034] According to the present invention, optionally, the offshore energy storage facility 19 is connected to the offshore carbon sequestration platform 12 of the offshore carbon capture and storage module via a power transmission line.

[0035] According to the present invention, the offshore energy storage facility 19 is optionally connected to the offshore oil and gas platform 13 via a power transmission line.

[0036] According to the present invention, optionally, the offshore carbon sequestration platform 12 is used to inject CO2 into the seabed for saline water layer sequestration or basalt mineralization sequestration.

[0037] A second aspect of the present invention provides a carbon capture and storage method coupled with new energy sources, the method using the system provided in the first aspect of the present invention, the method comprising: The CO2-containing flue gas generated by the carbon emission source plate is partially captured by the carbon capture facility and transported to the CO2 centralized compression and liquefaction station 9 and the CO2 storage station 10 through the first CO2 transport pipeline; the other part is transported to the seawater carbon sequestration field 11 through the fourth CO2 transport pipeline for mineralization and carbon sequestration. The captured CO2 is compressed and liquefied at the CO2 centralized compression and liquefaction station 9 and transported to the offshore carbon sequestration platform 12 via the second CO2 transport pipeline; at the same time, the CO2 separated from the offshore oil and gas platform 13 is transported to the offshore carbon sequestration platform 12 via the third CO2 transport pipeline. The CO2 delivered to the offshore carbon sequestration platform 12 is injected into the seabed underground reservoir through injection wells for sequestration, thereby achieving CO2 utilization; The offshore renewable energy power sector provides the necessary power for the operation of both the onshore and offshore carbon capture and storage sectors.

[0038] According to the present invention, optionally, the mineralization and carbon fixation is a process in which calcium and magnesium ions in seawater react with CO2 to form products such as magnesium carbonate and magnesium carbonate, thereby realizing the capture, solidification and storage of carbon in flue gas.

[0039] According to the present invention, optionally, the offshore portion can use tidal energy or wave energy to replace part of the wind power or photovoltaic power; the onshore portion can increase nuclear power or biomass power generation as a supplementary power source.

[0040] According to the present invention, optionally, the seawater carbon fixation of the present invention can be replaced by other carbon utilization and storage methods, such as microalgae carbon fixation, electrocatalytic methanol production and other chemical utilization methods, or the use of solid waste such as fly ash for mineralized building material production.

[0041] The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0042] Example 1 This embodiment provides a carbon capture and storage system coupled with new energy sources. See [link to documentation]. Figure 1 The system includes: The carbon emission source segment includes carbon emission sources from multiple carbon emission plants and offshore oil and gas platform 13; the carbon emission sources from the carbon emission plants include carbon emission sources from thermal power plant 1, carbon emission sources from chemical plant 2, carbon emission sources from steel plant 3 and carbon emission sources from cement plant 4. The onshore carbon capture and storage (CCLS) module includes carbon capture facilities, a centralized CO2 compression and liquefaction station 9, a CO2 storage station 10, and a seawater carbon sequestration field 11, all located at the carbon emission plant. The carbon capture facilities include a thermal power plant carbon capture facility 5, a chemical plant carbon capture facility 6, a steel plant carbon capture facility 7, and a cement plant carbon capture facility 8. The thermal power plant carbon capture facility 5, chemical plant carbon capture facility 6, steel plant carbon capture facility 7, and cement plant carbon capture facility 8 are connected to the centralized CO2 compression and liquefaction station 9 via a first CO2 transport pipeline. The centralized CO2 compression and liquefaction station 9 is connected to the CO2 storage station 10. The seawater carbon sequestration field 11 is connected to the carbon emission sources of the thermal power plant 1, chemical plant 2, steel plant 3, and cement plant 4 via a fourth CO2 transport pipeline. The offshore carbon capture and storage (CCLS) module includes an offshore carbon storage platform 12, which is connected to a CO2 centralized compression and liquefaction station 9 via a second CO2 transport pipeline; and an offshore oil and gas platform 13 is connected to the offshore carbon storage platform 12 via a third CO2 transport pipeline. The offshore new energy power sector includes offshore wind farms and offshore photovoltaic (PV) farms located around the onshore and offshore carbon capture and storage (CCS) sectors, as well as onshore energy storage facilities 18 and offshore energy storage facilities 19. The offshore wind farms and PV farms include nearshore wind farms 14, nearshore fixed PV farms 15, deep-sea wind farms 16, and deep-sea floating PV farms 17. The nearshore wind farms 14 and nearshore fixed PV farms 15 are connected by transmission lines. The onshore energy storage facility 18 is connected to the carbon capture facility, seawater carbon sequestration field 11, and CO2 centralized compression and liquefaction station 9 of the onshore carbon capture and storage (CCLS) module via transmission lines. The deep-sea wind farm 16 and the deep-sea floating photovoltaic field 17 are connected to the offshore energy storage facility 19 via submarine transmission lines. The offshore energy storage facility 19 is connected to the offshore carbon storage platform 12 and offshore oil and gas platform 13 of the offshore CCLS module via transmission lines.

[0043] Example 2 This embodiment provides a carbon capture and storage method coupled with new energy sources. The method uses the system provided in Embodiment 1 and includes: The CO2-containing flue gas generated by the carbon emission sources of thermal power plant 1, chemical plant 2, steel plant 3, and cement plant 4 is partially captured by their respective carbon capture facilities 5 (thermal power plant), 6 (chemical plant), 7 (steel plant), and 8 (cement plant) and then transported through the first CO2 transport pipeline to the centralized CO2 compression and liquefaction station 9 and the CO2 storage station 10; the other part is transported through the fourth CO2 transport pipeline to the seawater carbon sequestration field 11 for mineralization and carbon sequestration. The captured CO2 is compressed and liquefied at the CO2 centralized compression and liquefaction station 9 and transported to the offshore carbon sequestration platform 12 via the second CO2 transport pipeline; at the same time, the CO2 separated from the offshore oil and gas platform 13 is transported to the offshore carbon sequestration platform 12 via the third CO2 transport pipeline. The CO2 delivered to the offshore carbon sequestration platform 12 is injected into the seabed underground reservoir through injection wells for saline water layer sequestration or basalt mineralization sequestration, thereby realizing the utilization of CO2; The offshore wind farm 14 and the offshore fixed photovoltaic farm 15 provide power to the carbon capture facilities, the seawater carbon sequestration field 11 and the CO2 centralized compression and liquefaction station 9 via transmission lines such as cables. The deep-sea wind farm 16 and the deep-sea floating photovoltaic farm 17 provide power to the offshore carbon sequestration platform 12 and the offshore oil and gas platform 13 via submarine transmission lines such as cables.

[0044] In this embodiment, coastal power plants, chemical plants, steel mills, cement plants, and other carbon-emitting factories generate 10 million tons of CO2 emissions annually, of which... 99% of the CO2 emissions are captured in the flue gas through carbon capture facilities located in various factories, achieving a CO2 capture rate of 85%, or 8.415 million tons of CO2. The carbon capture facilities use second- and third-generation chemical absorbents such as mixed organic amine absorbents and phase change absorbents. The heat consumption for carbon capture is 2.4 GJ / t CO2 (provided by industrial waste heat from the enterprises, without relying on renewable energy power), and the electricity consumption is 100 kWh / t CO2. The captured CO2 is then transported through pipelines to a centralized CO2 compression and liquefaction station and a CO2 storage station, with a compression and liquefaction electricity consumption of 200 kWh / t CO2. With 1% CO2 emissions, approximately 100,000 tons of CO2 are directly transported via pipeline to the seawater carbon sequestration plant for seawater alkali production and mineralization-induced crystallization, yielding products such as calcium carbonate. The electricity consumption for seawater carbon sequestration is 1500 kWh / t CO2. The 8.415 million tons of onshore CO2, after compression and liquefaction, along with 500,000 tons of CO2 separated from offshore oil and gas platforms, totaling 8.915 million tons of CO2, are transported to the offshore carbon sequestration platform via subsea pipelines. The CO2 is then injected into subsea underground reservoirs for storage, with a storage energy consumption of 30 kWh / t CO2. The storage capacity of the subsea underground reservoir area is 300 million tons. The installed capacity of offshore wind farms in the new energy power sector is 0.1GW, the installed capacity of offshore fixed photovoltaic farms is 0.06GW, the installed capacity of deep-sea wind farms is 0.01GW, the installed capacity of deep-sea floating photovoltaic farms is 0.005GW, the installed capacity of onshore energy storage facilities is 0.5GW / 1GWh, and the installed capacity of offshore energy storage facilities is 0.01GW / 0.02GWh.

[0045] Comparative Example A carbon capture and storage (CCS) system is disclosed for the utilization of CO2 emissions from thermal power plants. The system includes a carbon emission source from the power plant, a carbon capture facility, a carbon transport facility, and a carbon storage facility. CO2-containing flue gas from the power plant enters the carbon capture facility and its associated compression and liquefaction station, resulting in high-concentration CO2. The high-concentration CO2 is then transported to a carbon storage site via carbon transport facilities, such as tank trucks, and injected into an underground storage layer.

[0046] As can be seen from the examples and comparative examples, this embodiment couples carbon capture and storage (CCS) with new energy sources. The entire CCS process utilizes green electricity such as offshore wind power and photovoltaic power, achieving net-zero emissions. In contrast, the comparative example lacks corresponding new energy power generation and storage facilities for its carbon capture, carbon transportation, and carbon storage facilities. Its power relies on external power grids. If the grid power comes from coal or gas power, the entire process generates significant implicit carbon emissions, weakening the actual effectiveness of CO2 absorption. This embodiment achieves comprehensive CCS planning within a specific area, incorporating carbon emission sources such as thermal power plants, chemical plants, steel mills, cement plants, and oil and gas platforms into the plan. By constructing public CCS projects such as centralized CO2 compression and liquefaction stations, offshore storage platforms, and subsea pipelines, it achieves infrastructure sharing, significantly reducing redundant construction of pipelines and lowering overall investment and operating costs. In contrast, the comparative example represents a single plant where all facilities (including self-built compression stations and transportation facilities) require independent investment, resulting in a small scale and high costs.

[0047] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0048] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0049] Furthermore, various different embodiments of the present invention can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon capture and storage system coupled with new energy sources, characterized in that, The system includes: The carbon emission source segment includes carbon emission sources from multiple carbon emission plants; The onshore carbon capture and storage module includes a carbon capture facility and a CO2 centralized compression and liquefaction station (9) installed at the carbon emission plant. The carbon capture facility is connected to the CO2 centralized compression and liquefaction station (9) through a CO2 first transport pipeline. The marine carbon capture and storage segment includes a marine carbon storage platform (12), which is connected to the CO2 centralized compression and liquefaction station (9) via a second CO2 transport pipeline. The offshore new energy power sector includes offshore wind farms and offshore photovoltaic farms located around the onshore carbon capture and storage sector and the offshore carbon capture and storage sector. The offshore new energy power sector is connected to the onshore carbon capture and storage sector and the offshore carbon capture and storage sector respectively through transmission lines.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The carbon emission source segment also includes an offshore oil and gas platform (13), which is connected to the offshore carbon sequestration platform (12) via a third CO2 transport pipeline.

3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The onshore carbon capture and storage (CCLS) module also includes a seawater carbon sequestration field (11), which is connected to the carbon emission source module via a fourth CO2 transport pipeline.

4. The system according to claim 3, wherein, The onshore carbon capture and storage module also includes a CO2 gas storage station (10) connected to the CO2 centralized compression and liquefaction station (9).

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The offshore wind farms and offshore photovoltaic farms in the offshore new energy power sector include: Offshore wind farms (14) and offshore fixed photovoltaic farms (15) are connected to the onshore carbon capture and storage (CCLS) plate via transmission lines; and The deep-sea wind farm (16) and the deep-sea floating photovoltaic farm (17) are connected to the marine carbon capture and storage plate via submarine power transmission lines.

6. The system according to claim 5, wherein, The offshore new energy power sector also includes onshore energy storage facilities (18) and offshore energy storage facilities (19). The offshore wind farm (14) and the offshore fixed photovoltaic farm (15) are connected to the onshore energy storage facility (18) through transmission lines, and the onshore energy storage facility (18) is connected to the onshore carbon capture and storage plate through transmission lines. The deep-sea wind farm (16) and the deep-sea floating photovoltaic farm (17) are connected to the offshore energy storage facility (19) via a submarine power transmission line. The offshore energy storage facility (19) is connected to the offshore carbon capture and storage plate via a power transmission line.

7. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The carbon emission sources of the carbon emission plants include the carbon emission sources of thermal power plants (1), chemical plants (2), steel plants (3), and cement plants (4).

8. The system according to claim 7, wherein, The carbon capture facilities installed in the carbon emission plants include a thermal power plant carbon capture facility (5), a chemical plant carbon capture facility (6), a steel plant carbon capture facility (7), and a cement plant carbon capture facility (8), which are respectively connected to the carbon emission sources of the thermal power plant (1), the chemical plant (2), the steel plant (3), and the cement plant (4).

9. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The offshore carbon sequestration platform (12) is used to inject CO2 into the seabed for saline aquifer sequestration or basalt mineralization sequestration.

10. A carbon capture and storage method coupled with new energy sources, characterized in that, The method uses the system according to any one of claims 1-9, and the method includes: The CO2-containing flue gas generated by the carbon emission source plate is partially captured by the carbon capture facility and transported to the CO2 centralized compression and liquefaction station (9) and CO2 storage station (10) through the first CO2 transport pipeline; the other part is transported to the seawater carbon sequestration field (11) through the fourth CO2 transport pipeline for mineralization and carbon sequestration. The captured CO2 is compressed and liquefied by the CO2 centralized compression and liquefaction station (9) and transported to the offshore carbon sequestration platform (12) through the second CO2 transport pipeline; at the same time, the CO2 separated from the offshore oil and gas platform (13) is transported to the offshore carbon sequestration platform (12) through the third CO2 transport pipeline. The CO2 delivered to the offshore carbon sequestration platform (12) is injected into the seabed underground reservoir through injection wells for sequestration; The offshore renewable energy power sector provides the necessary power for the operation of both the onshore and offshore carbon capture and storage sectors.

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