An organic fermented fertilizer for increasing crop yield and a preparation process thereof

Abstract

The application discloses an organic fermented fertilizer for improving crop yield and a preparation process thereof, and relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer.The fertilizer is composed of broiler chicken manure and rice hull cow manure in a dry weight ratio of 60:40, wherein the content of rice hull in the rice hull cow manure is greater than or equal to 95%.The preparation process comprises the following steps: closed transportation of raw materials;adjustment of the moisture content of the mixed material to 60% and addition of a fermentation agent;in a fermentation tank with a length of 82 m, a width of 15 m and a height of 1.8 m, a wheel disc type turning machine is used for tank type aerobic fermentation, the temperature is raised to 70-72 DEG C within 72 hours, and fermentation is carried out for 20-25 days;secondary aging is carried out for 35-40 days;screening and crushing are carried out to prepare powdery fertilizer or roller granulation is carried out to prepare granular fertilizer.The application realizes rapid high-temperature aerobic fermentation through specific raw material proportioning and cooperation of a large fermentation tank and a turning machine, the product is completely decomposed, the fertilizer effect is long-lasting, the crop yield can be significantly improved, and the soil structure can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of organic fertilizer technology, and in particular to an organic fermented fertilizer for increasing crop yield and its preparation process. Background Technology

[0002] With the large-scale and intensive development of livestock and poultry farming in my country, the output of livestock and poultry manure, such as chicken and cow manure, has increased dramatically, becoming a prominent environmental problem restricting the sustainable development of the industry. On the one hand, if large amounts of chicken and cow manure are discharged directly or simply piled up without effective treatment, they will produce foul-smelling gases and leachate, seriously polluting the air, water, and soil. On the other hand, manure contains a large number of pathogenic microorganisms, parasite eggs, and heavy metal residues, posing a potential threat to human and animal health. Although traditional composting methods can achieve a certain degree of resource utilization, they suffer from problems such as long fermentation cycles (often requiring more than 60 days), significant nitrogen volatilization loss, uneven fermentation, odor diffusion, high moisture content in the final product, and unstable fertilizer efficiency, failing to meet the demands of modern agriculture for efficient, stable, and environmentally friendly organic fertilizers.

[0003] In the prior art, the invention patent with publication number CN107118041A discloses a chicken manure fermented organic fertilizer and its preparation method. It adopts a two-stage fermentation process, which combines aerobic fermentation in the early stage (40-50℃, 8-10 days) with anaerobic fermentation in the later stage (30-40℃, 6-8 days). Finally, it is dried and granulated to obtain granular organic fertilizer. This method has the following shortcomings: First, the fermentation temperature is too low (maximum only 50℃), which is not conducive to completely killing pathogenic microorganisms and parasite eggs, and it is also difficult to fully decompose organic matter. Second, after the main fermentation is completed, only drying and granulation are carried out, without a special secondary aging process. As a result, the product still contains easily decomposable organic matter, which is prone to secondary fermentation after being applied to the soil, posing a risk of "burning seedlings". In addition, the fertilizer effect is unstable, and it is prone to mold and odor during storage.

[0004] To address the aforementioned shortcomings, this invention provides an organic fermented fertilizer for increasing crop yield and its preparation process. Based on optimizing the raw material ratio (broiler manure to rice husk and cow manure 60:40, C / N ratio 25-30), this invention raises the aerobic fermentation temperature to 70-72℃ and adds a secondary aging process of 35-40 days. By increasing the fermentation temperature, pathogens are thoroughly killed and organic matter is rapidly decomposed. The added aging process ensures product stability and sustained release of fertilizer efficacy. This invention effectively solves the problems of incomplete decomposition, easy secondary fermentation, and poor product stability in existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an organic fermented fertilizer for increasing crop yield and its preparation process. Through a scientific ratio of 60% broiler manure and 40% rice husk and cow manure (resulting in a C / N ratio of 25-30, within the optimal range for aerobic microbial fermentation), dedicated enclosed transportation, a large fermentation tank (approximately 82 meters long, 15 meters wide, and 1.8 meters high) with a rotary turner for continuous stirring and repositioning, rapid heating to 70-72°C within 72 hours, 20-25 days of fermentation followed by 35-40 days of aging, precise gradient control of moisture (60%→40-45%→30%), and comprehensive odor control, this invention improves fermentation efficiency, product stability, and fertilizer efficacy, ultimately achieving a significant increase in crop yield, improved soil structure, and reduced reliance on chemical fertilizers, thus solving the aforementioned technical problems.

[0006] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an organic fermented fertilizer for increasing crop yield, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: Broiler manure (dry basis): 60 parts; Rice husk and cow dung (dry basis): 40 parts; The rice husk content in the rice husk cow manure is ≥95% (dry basis).

[0007] Furthermore, the main nutrient content of the broiler manure is as follows: The concentration is calculated to be 4.8-2.2-3.09, with an organic matter content of 75%; the main nutrient content of the rice husk cow manure is as follows: The total is calculated as 1.21 - 0.9 - 0.98.

[0008] A process for preparing the above-mentioned organic fermented fertilizer includes the following steps: Step 1, Raw material collection and closed transportation: Chicken manure and rice husk cow manure are collected at a dry weight ratio of 60:40 and transported to the raw material workshop in a closed manner using a dedicated transport vehicle; Step 2, Mixing and Pretreatment: In the raw material workshop, the moisture content of the mixed materials is adjusted to 60% through the mixing system. After adding the fermentation agent, the mixture is transported to the fermentation workshop via a corridor conveyor. Step 3, Trough-type aerobic fermentation: Aerobic fermentation is carried out in two fermentation troughs set up in the fermentation workshop. The fermentation troughs are 82 meters long, 15 meters wide, and 1.8 meters high. Two rotary turners are used to evenly stir the material and move it backward. The fermentation compost temperature rises to 70-72℃ within 72 hours of material distribution and is maintained at a high temperature above 65℃ for no less than 10 days. The fermentation cycle is 20-25 days. After fermentation, the moisture content of the material drops to 40-45%. Furthermore, after the broiler manure and rice husk cow manure are mixed at a dry weight ratio of 60:40, the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) of the mixture is 25-30, which is within the optimal range for aerobic microbial fermentation.

[0009] Step 4, Secondary aging: The fermented material is transferred to the secondary aging workshop for aging. The aging period is 35-40 days to obtain a stable material that is dark brown in color, has no obvious odor, and has a moisture content of about 30%. Step 5, Post-processing and finished product preparation: After screening and crushing, the product is transported to the powder fertilizer granulation workshop to obtain powdered organic fertilizer finished product, or granulated organic fertilizer finished product is obtained by roller granulation and then sent to the warehouse for storage.

[0010] Furthermore, the disc-type compost turner described in step 3 achieves continuous backward displacement of the material while stirring it, forming a continuous aerobic fermentation process.

[0011] Furthermore, both the fermentation workshop and the secondary aging workshop are equipped with odor treatment systems to achieve fully environmentally friendly and closed-loop production.

[0012] Furthermore, the material after screening and pulverizing in step 5 can be selectively prepared into powdered organic fertilizer or granular organic fertilizer to meet the application needs of different crops.

[0013] The fertilizer is in powder or granular form.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides an organic fermented fertilizer for increasing crop yield and its preparation process, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention uses a specific ratio of 60% broiler manure and 40% rice husk cow manure (rice husk content ≥95%). Broiler manure is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, while rice husk provides a high carbon source and physical support structure. The two work together to form a suitable C / N ratio and air permeability, providing an ideal substrate for subsequent aerobic fermentation.

[0015] 2. This invention utilizes a large fermentation tank (82m×15m×1.8m) in conjunction with a disc-type turner to achieve continuous material transfer and sufficient oxygen supply. Within 72 hours, the pile temperature rapidly rises to 70-72℃, which is significantly higher than the existing technology (maximum 50℃). This effectively kills pathogenic microorganisms, parasite eggs, and weed seeds, thereby improving product safety.

[0016] 3. This invention uses a primary fermentation of 20-25 days + secondary aging of 35-40 days, with a total cycle of 55-65 days. The product is thoroughly fermented, with no risk of secondary fermentation. It will not burn seedlings after application, and the fertilizer effect is stable and long-lasting.

[0017] 4. This invention ensures microbial activity in the early stage of fermentation, rapid evaporation of moisture in the middle stage, and stable drying of materials in the later stage by controlling the moisture content in stages (60%→40-45%→30%), which is beneficial for granulation and storage.

[0018] 5. Odor treatment systems are installed in the enclosed transportation, fermentation, and aging workshops to effectively control the emission of malodorous gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, achieving green production that utilizes livestock and poultry manure resources. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process flow of the present invention; Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein steps S1-S6 correspond to steps 1-5 in claim 4, and are as follows: Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of the present invention, including steps such as raw material pretreatment, fermentation, aging, and granulation. An embodiment of the present invention provides an organic fermented fertilizer for improving crop yield and its preparation process, including the following steps: S1: Based on livestock and poultry manure raw materials, a closed transportation and pretreatment process is adopted. The moisture content and microbial agents of the materials are controlled by special vehicles and a mixing system to generate a pre-fermentation mixture. S101: Based on broiler manure and rice husk cow manure raw materials, a closed transportation process is adopted, and the raw materials are transported from the farm to the raw material workshop by special transport vehicles to avoid the spread of malodor and secondary pollution; Weigh chicken manure (dry basis) and rice husk cow manure (dry basis) separately at a weight ratio of 60:40.

[0022] Specifically, 60 kg of dry broiler manure (corresponding to approximately 200 kg of wet manure, with a moisture content of 70% and a dry matter content of 30%); and 40 kg of dry rice husk cow manure (corresponding to approximately 114 kg of wet manure, with a moisture content of 65% and a dry matter content of 35%).

[0023] The main physicochemical properties of the two raw materials are as follows: Nutrient content of broiler manure (dry basis) by weight percentage The concentrations were 4.8-2.2-3.09, with an organic matter content of 75%; the rice husk content in the cow dung was ≥95% (the remainder being cow dung and a small amount of impurities), and the nutrient content ( The value is 1.21-0.9-0.98.

[0024] S102: Based on the raw materials after closed transportation, a mixing and moisture adjustment process is adopted. The two raw materials are fully mixed through the mixing system, and fermentation agents are added to adjust the moisture to about 60% to generate a pre-fermentation mixture. The weighed broiler manure and rice husk cow manure were mixed evenly in the mixing system of the raw material workshop. After the broiler manure and rice husk cow manure were mixed at a dry weight ratio of 60:40, the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) of the mixture was 26.8, which is within the optimal C / N range (25-30) for aerobic microbial fermentation. The nutrient content of the broiler manure, by weight percentage, was... The concentrations were 4.8-2.2-3.09, with an organic matter content of 75%; the rice husk content in the cow dung was ≥95% (the remainder being cow dung and a small amount of impurities), and the nutrient content ( The concentration of the mixture was 1.21-0.9-0.98. The moisture content of the mixture was adjusted to 60% using a spray water method (measured on-site with a rapid moisture meter). A commercially available organic fertilizer fermentation-specific compound microbial agent was added (containing Bacillus, Lactic Acid Bacteria, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with an effective live bacteria ratio of 2:1:1 and an effective live bacteria count ≥1×10⁻⁶). 8 The amount of microbial agent added is 0.2% of the total weight of the material (wet basis), that is, 2 kg of microbial agent is added per ton of wet material. After being mixed evenly, it is sent into the fermentation workshop by a corridor conveyor.

[0025] S2: Based on pre-fermentation mixed materials, a trough-type aerobic fermentation process is adopted. Temperature and cycle are controlled by a large fermentation trough and a disc-type turner to generate mature fermented materials. S201: Based on mixed materials, the fermentation tank is used for material distribution and turning. The material is turned twice a day by a disc turner and the material is continuously moved backward to ensure uniform oxygen supply and promote aerobic microbial metabolism. The fermentation workshop has two fermentation tanks, each 82 meters long, 15 meters wide, and 1.8 meters high. The mixed materials are evenly distributed into the fermentation tanks, with a material layer height of 1.5 meters. A rotary turner is turned twice a day (once in the morning and once in the afternoon), pushing the material backward by 2 meters per day during the turning process, achieving continuous feeding and discharging. 36 hours after distribution, the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 65℃; within 72 hours, it reaches 71℃ (within the range of 70-72℃); the high-temperature stage (>65℃) is maintained for no less than 10 days, effectively killing pathogens and parasite eggs.

[0026] S202: Based on high-temperature aerobic fermentation, using cycle control and moisture evaporation technology, through a fermentation cycle of 20-25 days, the moisture content of the material is reduced to 40-45%, the color is brownish-brown, there is no obvious odor, and mature fermented material is generated. In this embodiment, the main fermentation cycle is controlled to be 23 days. When the fermentation is completed, the sample is tested and the moisture content is reduced to 42% (using the 105℃ drying method), the color is brownish-brown, there is no ammonia or hydrogen sulfide smell, and the degree of decomposition is qualified (seed germination index ≥80%).

[0027] S3: Based on mature fermented materials, a secondary aging process is adopted to remove residual odor and reduce moisture by extending the stabilization time, thereby generating stable aged materials; S301: Based on well-rotted and fermented materials, a windrow stacking and regular turning process is adopted. By turning the pile every 10 days, an aerobic environment is maintained to avoid anaerobic odor production. After primary fermentation, the material is removed from the fermentation tank and piled into windrows (2 meters wide at the base, 1.2 meters high, and unlimited in length) in the secondary aging workshop. The windrows are turned over every 10 days using a small turning machine to replenish oxygen and promote moisture evaporation.

[0028] S302: Based on turning and aging, using a cycle control process, through an aging cycle of 35-40 days, the material color turns dark brown, the moisture content drops to about 30%, there is no odor, the texture is loose, and stable aged material is generated. In this embodiment, the aging period is 38 days. After aging, the material is dark brown, has no obvious odor, feels loose, and has a moisture content of 30% (measured by the 105℃ drying method). At this point, the material is fully decomposed and will not undergo secondary fermentation.

[0029] S4: Based on stable aged materials, post-processing and finished product preparation processes are adopted to produce powdered or granular organic fertilizer through screening, crushing and granulation. S401: Based on stable aged materials, a screening and pulverizing process is adopted. Large impurities are removed by a 10-mesh sieve and pulverized into fine powder to produce powdered organic fertilizer semi-finished product. After stabilization and aging, the material is conveyed to the screening and crushing section by a belt conveyor. First, it is screened by a 10-mesh vibrating screen (2mm aperture) to remove unrotted rice husk fragments and a small amount of stones. The material passing through the screen enters a hammer mill for crushing to obtain powdered material with a fineness of 80 mesh (0.18mm aperture). This powdered material can be directly packaged as a finished powdered organic fertilizer product.

[0030] S402: Based on powdered organic fertilizer semi-finished product, the product is made into granules by roller granulation process, using a roller granulator (pressure 15 MPa, speed 20 r / min), then dried to moisture content ≤20%, cooled and packaged to produce granular organic fertilizer finished product. For granular products, the powdered material is pressed into flakes using a roller extrusion granulator (roller pressure 15 MPa, rotation speed 20 r / min), and then crushed and granulated into irregular particles with a diameter of 2-4 mm. These particles are then fed into a rotary drum dryer with an inlet air temperature of 120℃ and an outlet temperature ≤50℃, drying to a moisture content ≤20%. After cooling, the particles are screened by a vibrating sieve (2 mm and 5 mm double-layer sieves) to remove fine powder and large particles. Qualified particles are then packaged and stored.

[0031] S5: Based on the odorous gases generated in the fermentation and aging workshops, an odor treatment process is adopted, which uses closed negative pressure collection and biological filter or chemical washing to achieve environmentally friendly emissions; S501: Based on the odorous gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the workshop, a closed gas collection system is used to draw the gas under negative pressure to the treatment device. Both the fermentation workshop and the aging workshop are enclosed buildings with stainless steel gas collection hoods installed on the top. Gases containing ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are drawn into the main air duct under negative pressure by a fan (the air volume is designed to be 4 times / hour based on the workshop volume).

[0032] S502: Based on the collected odorous gases, a biological filter or acid-base scrubbing process is used to ensure that the ammonia concentration in the emitted gas is <1 mg / m³. 3 It meets the Class II standard of the "Odor Pollutant Emission Standard" (GB 14554-93); This embodiment employs a biofilter process: the gas is first washed with water to remove dust, and then passes through a biofilter filled with organic packing material (bark, sawdust, and compost). The residence time is 30 seconds, during which microorganisms degrade odorous components, resulting in an ammonia concentration in the treated gas of <1 mg / m³. 3 Hydrogen sulfide <0.03 mg / m³ 3 Emissions meet standards.

[0033] S6: Based on the wastewater (such as equipment cleaning water) in the preparation process, a recycling process is adopted. After sedimentation and simple filtration, the water is reused for raw material moisture adjustment, realizing a closed-loop circulation of process water. S601: Based on equipment cleaning wastewater and a small amount of leachate, a bar screen + sedimentation tank pretreatment is used to remove suspended solids; The equipment cleaning water, workshop floor washing water and fermentation tank leachate are collected and filtered through a mechanical screen (5 mm gap) to intercept large suspended particles. The filtered water then flows into a horizontal flow sedimentation tank (retention time 2 hours), and the supernatant enters the recycled water tank.

[0034] S602: Based on the pretreated wastewater, the pH is adjusted to neutral through an online pH adjustment system, and then mixed with fresh water in a certain proportion (reuse rate ≥80%) for moisture adjustment in S102, reducing the amount of fresh water used; After being filtered by a sand filter, the recycled water is monitored by an online pH meter and the pH is automatically adjusted to 6.5-7.5 by adding dilute sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide solution. The recycled water is then mixed with fresh water at a volume ratio of 4:1 and used for moisture adjustment of the materials in step S102, thereby achieving a closed-loop circulation of process water with a reuse rate of ≥80%.

[0035] Test example: The granular organic fertilizer prepared based on the above steps was used for field effect verification. Comparative experiments demonstrated its effectiveness in increasing crop yield and improving soil structure. The specific steps are as follows: Based on the fertilizer of this invention, compared with conventional fertilizer or no fertilizer, a small-plot experiment was conducted using field crops such as corn, with three replicates for each group; Select a flat, uniformly fertile cornfield and set up 3 treatments: Treatment 1: No fertilizer applied, blank control; Treatment 2: Conventional compound fertilizer, by weight, in the compound fertilizer The application rate is 50 kg / mu, and it should be applied as a base fertilizer in one go. Treatment 3: The fertilizer of Example 1 of this invention was applied at a rate of 200 kg / mu.

[0036] Each treatment was repeated three times, with a cell size of 30 m². 2 The fields were randomly arranged in a block design. Organic fertilizer was applied as a base fertilizer in one application. The corn variety was "Zhengdan 958". The planting density was 4000 plants / mu. Field management was consistent.

[0037] Based on yield measurement and soil testing, post-harvest yield measurement and soil organic matter and bulk density were conducted. After the corn matures, each plot is harvested and dried separately. The yield per mu is calculated based on the standard moisture content of 14%. At the same time, before fertilization and after harvest, the soil in the 0-20cm topsoil layer is collected using the five-point sampling method to determine the organic matter (potassium dichromate oxidation method) and bulk density (ring cutter method).

[0038] The fertilizer of this invention increased yield by 36.5% compared to the unfertilized control and by 4.4% compared to conventional compound fertilizer. In experimental fields where the fertilizer of this invention was applied, soil organic matter increased from 12.5 g / kg to 15.2 g / kg, and soil bulk density increased from 1.42 g / cm³. 3 Reduced to 1.32 g / cm³ 3 The above data show that the fertilizer of this invention has significant effects on increasing yield and improving soil quality.

[0039] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An organic fermented fertilizer for increasing crop yield, characterized in that, Including the following parts by weight of raw materials: Broiler manure (dry basis): 60 parts; Rice husk and cow dung (dry basis): 40 parts; The rice husk content in the rice husk cow manure is ≥95%.

2. The organic fermented fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fertilizer is in powder or granular form.

3. The organic fermented fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main nutrient content of the broiler manure, by weight percentage, is as follows: The concentration is calculated to be 4.8-2.2-3.09, with an organic matter content of 75%; the main nutrient content of the rice husk cow manure is as follows: The total is calculated as 1.21 - 0.9 - 0.

98.

4. A process for preparing the organic fermented fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1, Raw material collection and closed transportation: Chicken manure and rice husk cow manure are collected at a dry weight ratio of 60:40 and transported to the raw material workshop in a closed manner using a dedicated transport vehicle; Step 2, Mixing and Pretreatment: In the raw material workshop, the moisture content of the mixed materials is adjusted to 60% through the mixing system. After adding the fermentation agent, the mixture is transported to the fermentation workshop via a corridor conveyor. Step 3, Trough-type aerobic fermentation: Aerobic fermentation is carried out in two fermentation troughs set up in the fermentation workshop. The fermentation troughs are 82 meters long, 15 meters wide, and 1.8 meters high. Two rotary turners are used to evenly stir the material and move it backward. The temperature of the composting rises to 70-72℃ within 72 hours of material distribution. The fermentation cycle is 20-25 days. After fermentation, the moisture content of the material drops to 40-45%. Step 4, Secondary aging: The fermented material is transferred to the secondary aging workshop for aging. The aging period is 35-40 days to obtain a stable material with a dark brown color, no obvious odor, and a moisture content of 30%. Step 5, Post-processing and finished product preparation: After screening and crushing, the product is transported to the powder fertilizer granulation workshop to obtain powdered organic fertilizer finished product, or granulated organic fertilizer finished product is obtained by roller granulation and then sent to the warehouse for storage.

5. The process according to claim 4, characterized in that, The main nutrient content of the broiler manure by weight percentage ( The concentrations are 4.8-2.2-3.09, with an organic matter content of 75%; the rice husk cow manure contains over 95% rice husk, and the main nutrient content ( The value is 1.21-0.9-0.

98.

6. The process according to claim 4, characterized in that, The disc-type compost turner described in step 3 simultaneously stirs the material and continuously moves it backward, forming a continuous aerobic fermentation process.

7. The process according to claim 4, characterized in that, Both the fermentation workshop and the secondary aging workshop are equipped with odor treatment systems, achieving fully environmentally friendly and closed-loop production.

8. The process according to claim 4, characterized in that, The material after screening and crushing in step 5 can be selectively prepared into powdered organic fertilizer or granular organic fertilizer to meet the application needs of different crops.

9. The process according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step 3, the fermentation compost temperature rises to 70-72°C within 72 hours of the material being laid, and is maintained at a high temperature of above 65°C for no less than 10 days.

10. The process according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the broiler manure and rice husk cow manure are mixed at a dry weight ratio of 60:40, the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) of the mixture is 25-30.

Images