Low-platinum anion exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen evolution catalyst, preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application relates to a low-platinum anion exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof, and the method comprises the following steps: dissolving chloroplatinic acid, ruthenium trichloride and vanadium chloride, and then loading the three on a ZIF-8 metal organic framework material to form a PtRuV@ZIF-8 composite material through immersion adsorption; then high-temperature calcination is carried out in a hydrogen-argon reducing atmosphere, in-situ reduction of metal Pt, Ru and V is realized, Zn released through thermal decomposition of ZIF-8 forms an intermetallic compound with the three reduced metals, and a PtRuVZnO composite material is formed; selective etching is carried out through a hydrochloric acid solution, the Zn component is removed, and finally a PtRuV catalyst material is formed. Vanadium is introduced to cause redistribution of an electrostatic field through a polarization effect, the content of the noble metal platinum is reduced, and the activity and stability of the catalyst are maintained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of alkaline anion exchange membrane water electrolysis and electrocatalytic materials, specifically relating to a low-platinum anion exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen desorption catalyst, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Alkaline anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) technology is considered one of the key technologies for next-generation green hydrogen production due to its combination of the low cost advantage of an alkaline environment and the high efficiency and compactness of membrane electrolyzers. However, the commercialization of AEMWE is severely limited by the inherently slow kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media and its dependence on high-cost platinum (Pt) catalysts.

[0003] Platinum, a precious metal, has long been considered the performance benchmark for HER catalysts due to its near-optimal adsorption strength for hydrogen intermediates. However, the catalytic behavior of platinum in alkaline environments differs from that in acidic media: the water dissociation step becomes the rate-determining step, making it difficult to fully utilize platinum's catalytic capacity. In addition, the extremely uneven distribution of platinum resources and its high market price make it difficult for electrodes with high platinum loadings to support the economic goals of AEMWE technology.

[0004] In conclusion, developing a highly efficient and stable catalyst that significantly reduces the amount of platinum used while maintaining high catalytic activity is of great significance for promoting the development of low-cost, high-performance AEMWE technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a low-platinum anion exchange membrane hydrogen electrolysis catalyst, its preparation method and application, which achieves low platinum loading and can realize efficient hydrogen production by water electrolysis.

[0006] In one aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing a low-platinum anion exchange membrane water electrolysis catalyst is provided. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method includes the following steps:

[0007] (1) Chloroplatinic acid, ruthenium trichloride and vanadium chloride were dissolved and loaded onto ZIF-8 metal-organic framework material, and PtRuV@ZIF-8 composite material was formed by impregnation adsorption;

[0008] (2) The PtRuV@ZIF-8 composite material is calcined at high temperature in a hydrogen-argon reducing atmosphere to reduce metals Pt, Ru and V in situ. At the same time, Zn released by the thermal decomposition of ZIF-8 forms an intermetallic compound with the three reduced metals to form the PtRuVZnO composite material.

[0009] (3) Selective etching of PtRuVZnO composite material by hydrochloric acid solution to remove Zn component, and finally PtRuV catalyst material is formed, which is the low platinum anion exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen desorption catalyst.

[0010] In addition, the preparation method of a low-platinum anion exchange membrane hydrogen electrolysis catalyst according to the above embodiments of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, step (1) is specifically as follows: a mixed solution of ruthenium trichloride, chloroplatinic acid and vanadium chloride is added to the ZIF-8 suspension, followed by stirring, hydrothermal reaction, centrifugation, washing and drying to obtain the PtRuV@ZIF-8 composite material.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, the ZIF-8 suspension is prepared as follows: zinc nitrate hexahydrate solution is stirred and mixed evenly with 2-methylimidazole solution and hexadecyltrimethylamine bromide solution, and then allowed to stand to obtain ZIF-8 suspension.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 2-methylimidazole, and hexadecyltrimethylamine bromide is (0.3-0.4):(5-6):(0.016-0.018); the stirring speed is 350-450 rpm and the stirring time is 5-10 min; the settling time is 2-3 h.

[0014] Zinc nitrate hexahydrate is the core metal ion source, providing Zn for coordination with organic ligands. 2+ Ion; 2-methylimidazole is an organic ligand that, after deprotonation, reacts with Zn. 2+ Coordination is used to construct the three-dimensional porous framework of ZIF-8; while hexadecyltrimethylamine bromide (CTAB) acts as a morphology regulator, precisely controlling the size and morphology of ZIF-8 crystals through selective adsorption.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of ruthenium trichloride, chloroplatinic acid, vanadium chloride, and ZIF-8 is (8-12):(0-3):(0-6):(16-18); the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 50-80 °C, and the hydrothermal reaction time is 2-4 h; the stirring speed is 350-450 rpm; the centrifugation speed is 10000-12000 rpm; and the drying temperature is 40-60 °C, and the drying time is 3-5 h.

[0016] ZIF-8 serves as the template, while ruthenium trichloride, chloroplatinic acid, and vanadium chloride provide the ruthenium, platinum, and vanadium sources, respectively, collectively forming the catalytic active center for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Within this range, the ZIF-8 dosage ensures sufficient loading of the metal precursor while avoiding excessive template content leading to insufficient metal loading. Too low a ruthenium precursor dosage results in insufficient active sites, while too high a dosage increases cost. The platinum precursor dosage is strictly controlled to reduce the cost of precious metals while optimizing the hydrogen adsorption free energy. Vanadium has an optimal content; excessive vanadium content leads to excessive cage wall collapse after acid washing, causing performance degradation. Lower hydrothermal reaction temperatures result in slow adsorption kinetics between the metal precursor and ZIF-8, while higher temperatures may cause hydrolysis or partial decomposition of the ZIF-8 framework. Within this temperature range, adsorption efficiency is ensured without damaging the ZIF-8 template.

[0017] In step (1), ZIF-8 metal-organic framework is used as a structure guiding template to make various metal precursors uniformly distributed in its channels and framework. This process does not destroy the crystal morphology of ZIF-8 and provides a precursor template with uniform composition and complete structure for subsequent high-temperature reduction to form PtRuVZnO multimetal composite.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step (2), the volume ratio of hydrogen to argon in the hydrogen-argon reducing atmosphere is (5% to 10%): (90% to 95%); the high-temperature calcination temperature is 400 to 450 °C, the calcination time is 2 to 3 h, and the heating rate is 5 to 10 °C / min.

[0019] The process employs a hydrogen-argon reducing atmosphere, where H2 is responsible for in-situ reduction of the metal precursor to its metallic state, and Ar serves as a dilution and protective gas to ensure process safety. Together, they achieve a mild and efficient reduction process. The calcination temperature is chosen to be 400–450 °C, based on the premise that ZIF-8 fully decomposes and releases Zn at this temperature. Simultaneously, the generated Zn forms intermetallic compounds with the Pt, Ru, and V metals in-situ reduced from the PtRuV@ZIF-8 composite material. This avoids incomplete decomposition due to excessively low temperatures or excessive Zn volatilization due to excessively high temperatures.

[0020] The core principle of step (2) is that the ZIF-8 template is thermally decomposed to release Zn, the metal ions are reduced to the metallic state in situ by H2, and the reduced metal and Zn form a PtRuVZnO multimetal complex, which lays the compositional and structural foundation for the subsequent selective removal of Zn components by acid washing and the construction of a hollow cage structure.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step (3), the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.5 to 1 mol / L, and the etching time is 20 to 40 min.

[0022] The use of hydrochloric acid as an etching agent is based on the significant difference in solubility of Zn, Pt, Ru, and V in dilute hydrochloric acid, and the fact that dilute hydrochloric acid is a mild condition that removes Zn components without introducing metallic impurities.

[0023] In step (3), hydrochloric acid selectively dissolves the Zn component in the PtRuVZnO intermediate, fully exposing the active sites of Pt, Ru, and V, thereby realizing the key structural transformation and performance leap from the alloy intermediate to the high-performance PtRuV catalyst.

[0024] In another aspect of this invention, a method for preparing a low-platinum anion exchange membrane hydrogen electrolysis catalyst is proposed. The resulting platinum anion exchange membrane hydrogen electrolysis catalyst incorporates Pt, Ru, and V elements, forming synergistic active centers. During catalyst synthesis, ZIF-8 is used as a template for loading; high-temperature calcination forms a PtRuVZnO composite material; and finally, Zn is selectively removed using hydrochloric acid. Throughout the process, the morphology evolution is consistently limited by the original contour of ZIF-8, thus the final size and shape of the nanocages are highly controllable. Furthermore, V, through appropriate structural strain and defect introduction, further enriches the active interface of the catalyst.

[0025] In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention proposes the application of the platinum anion exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen desorption catalyst in an alkaline anion exchange membrane water electrolysis system.

[0026] Furthermore, the application of the platinum anion exchange membrane hydrogen electrolysis catalyst according to the above embodiments of the present invention in an alkaline anion exchange membrane water electrolysis system may also have the following additional technical features:

[0027] In some embodiments of the present invention, the platinum anion exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen desorption catalyst is used to prepare the cathode reaction catalyst material in the alkaline anion exchange membrane water electrolysis system.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0029] 1. This invention provides a method for synthesizing a low-platinum anion exchange membrane catalyst for hydrogen electrolysis. Vanadium is introduced into the PtRu nanocage system, inducing PtRu structure reconstruction, exposing more active sites or edge defects, and increasing the number of active centers. Simultaneously, the introduction of vanadium causes a redistribution of the electrostatic field through polarization. This method reduces the content of the precious metal platinum, significantly lowers the catalyst cost, and maintains the original reactivity of the catalyst.

[0030] 2. This invention uses ZIF-8 as a self-sacrificing template and obtains a cathode material with uniform structure and controllable composition for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis through the process of "adsorption-thermal reduction-selective etching". It can precisely match the working conditions of alkaline anion exchange membrane water electrolysis. The entire preparation process is simple and mild, and has good repeatability and potential for large-scale application.

[0031] 3. In this invention, the full realization of Pt's catalytic ability does not depend on increasing the Pt content, but rather on the introduction of V and Ru to regulate the electronic structure. The introduction of Ru compensates for the shortcomings in the dissociation ability of platinum water. By forming a hollow cage-like structure, and with some of the cage-like structure collapsing, the number of active sites is increased, thereby improving the utilization rate of platinum atoms. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a transmission electron microscope image of ZIF-8 obtained in step (1) of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 In the figure, a, b, and c are transmission electron microscope images of the PtRuV@ZIF-8 precursor obtained in step (2) of Examples 1-3 of the present invention, respectively.

[0034] Figure 3 In the figure, a, b, and c are transmission electron microscope images of the three types of PtRuV obtained in step (4) of Examples 1-3 of the present invention, respectively.

[0035] Figure 4 The PtRu obtained in step (4) of Embodiment 1 of the present invention 31 V 4.7 The EDS element mapping diagram, where a is PtRu 31 V 4.7 High-resolution images: b is the surface distribution map of mixed elements, c is the surface distribution map of Pt elements, d is the surface distribution map of Ru elements, e is the surface distribution map of V elements, and f is the surface distribution map of Zn elements.

[0036] Figure 5 The PtRuVZnO composite material and PtRu in Example 1 of this invention 31 V 4.7 X-ray diffraction pattern;

[0037] Figure 6 The PtRu obtained in step (4) of Embodiment 1 of the present invention 31 V 4.7 X-ray photoelectron spectra of the catalysts, a is the Ru 3p XPS spectrum, b is the Pt 4f XPS spectrum;

[0038] Figure 7 The PtRu obtained in step (4) of embodiments 1-3 of the present invention 31 V4.7 、PtRu 10 V、PtRu 10 Comparison of electrochemical performance of V2 (Figure a) and PtRu 31 V 4.7 、PtRu 10 Comparison of electrochemical performance of nanocages, commercial platinum-carbon (Pt / C) and ruthenium-carbon (Ru / C) (Figure b);

[0039] Figure 8 PtRu in the application example of this invention 31 V 4.7 、PtRu 10 AEMWE performance of nanocages and commercial Pt / C (Figure a) and PtRu 31 V 4.7 Comparison of battery voltages of nanocages and commercial Pt / C at different current densities (Figure b). Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] The centrifuges used in the following examples were Anke TGL-10B manufactured by Shanghai Anting Scientific Instrument Factory; the magnetic stirrers were MS-MS-10 multi-head magnetic stirrers manufactured by Shanghai Kunquan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; the tube furnaces were OTF-1200X manufactured by Hefei Kejing Materials Technology Co., Ltd.; and the transmission electron microscopes were JEOL-F2010 manufactured in Japan. The reagents used in the following examples were used directly after purchase without any processing.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] A method for preparing a low-platinum anion exchange membrane catalyst for hydrogen electrolysis of water includes the following steps:

[0044] (1) Weigh 0.7252 g of zinc nitrate hexahydrate and dissolve it in 25 mL of deionized water. Stir at 400 rpm for 10 min at room temperature to obtain a clear solution, which is denoted as solution A. Weigh 11.3504 g of 2-methylimidazole and 0.035 g of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and dissolve them in 175 mL of deionized water. Stir under the same conditions for 10 min until completely dissolved, which is denoted as solution B. Under rapid stirring, quickly add solution A to solution B and continue stirring at 400 rpm for 5 min. Then, place the mixture in a constant temperature environment of 25 ℃ and let it stand for 3 h to obtain ZIF-8 dispersion.

[0045] (2) Take 8 mL of the ZIF-8 dispersion prepared in step (1), centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 15 min, collect the precipitate, and then wash twice with methanol (12000 rpm, 4 min each time) to remove unreacted substances and impurities. The washed precipitate is redispersed in 3 mL of deionized water, sonicated, and then transferred to a 20 mL polytetrafluoroethylene-lined reactor, denoted as solution C. Weigh 10 mg of ruthenium trichloride, 1 mg of chloroplatinic acid, and 4 mg of vanadium chloride, dissolve them in a mixed solvent of 2 mL of deionized water and 1 mL of methanol, and sonicate to obtain metal precursor solution D. Add solution D to solution C under stirring at 400 rpm and continue stirring for 30 min to fully carry out ion exchange. Then, seal the reactor and hydrothermally react at 80 °C for 2 hours. After the reaction is completed, centrifuge at 10000 rpm for 3 minutes to collect the product, and vacuum dry at 50 °C for 3 hours to obtain PtRuV@ZIF-8 composite material.

[0046] (3) The PtRuV@ZIF-8 composite material obtained in step (2) was placed in a ceramic boat and put into a tube furnace. Under a 5% H2 / Ar (volume ratio) atmosphere, the temperature was raised to 400 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C / min and calcined for 2 h to obtain the PtRuVZn quaternary composite material.

[0047] (4) Weigh 5 mg of the PtRuVZn quaternary composite material obtained in step (3), add 1 mL of 0.5 M hydrochloric acid solution, and soak for 20 minutes. Then centrifuge at 10,000 rpm for 2 minutes, wash with deionized water and centrifuge (10,000 rpm, 2 minutes), repeating twice. The final solid product obtained is PtRu. 31 V 4.7 catalyst.

[0048] Depend on Figure 4 As shown, for PtRu 31 V 4.7EDS mapping analysis of the catalyst showed that Pt, Ru, and V were uniformly distributed on the nanocage, proving that V was successfully introduced into the PtRu nanocage catalyst.

[0049] Add 1 mg of accurately weighed PtRu to 5 mL of nitric acid solution. 31 V 4.7 The catalyst sample was then transferred to a reaction vessel. Hydrothermal digestion was carried out at 160 °C for 24 h. After the reaction, the solution was removed, and 15 mL of aqua regia was added. The solution was then further dissolved by sonication at room temperature until a homogeneous solution was formed. The solution was then diluted to a predetermined volume using deionized water and finally analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine the content of each element in the sample. As shown in Table 1, the mass fraction of Pt was only 2.7%, the mass fraction of Ru was 43.4%, and the mass fraction of V was 3.3%, indicating the successful preparation of a low-platinum anion exchange membrane hydrogen evolution catalyst for water electrolysis.

[0050] Table 1 PtRu 31 V 4.7 Metal mass percentages of Pt, Ru, V and Zn in the catalyst

[0051]

[0052] Example 2

[0053] A PtRu 10 The preparation method of the V composite material differs from that of Example 1 only in that, in step (2), the mass of ruthenium trichloride is 10 mg, the mass of chloroplatinic acid is 1 mg, and the mass of vanadium chloride is 1 mg. All other steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1. This example ultimately yields PtRu. 10 V composite material.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] A PtRu 10 The preparation method of V2 composite material differs from that of Example 1 only in that, in step (2), the mass of ruthenium trichloride is 10 mg, the mass of chloroplatinic acid is 1 mg, and the mass of vanadium chloride is 2 mg. All other steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1. This example ultimately yields PtRu. 10 V2 composite material.

[0056] Depend on Figures 1-2 As shown, even with the addition of different masses of vanadium chloride, the morphology of the synthesized material did not change significantly after hydrothermal calcination, and it still remained a nanocage structure.

[0057] Depend on Figure 3As shown in Figure ac, the complete cage structure of the three nanocage catalysts collapsed after acid washing. The higher the vanadium content, the more pronounced the collapse. The introduction of vanadium led to partial structural collapse, inducing structural reconstruction and exposing more active sites or edge defects, increasing the number of effective active centers and thus enhancing the catalyst's activity.

[0058] Depend on Figure 5 As shown, only the Ru crystal phase was detected in the sample, and no Pt and V crystal phases were observed. Moreover, compared with before acid washing, the characteristic peaks of ZnO disappeared after acid washing. The above results are in high agreement with the EDS and ICP characterization results.

[0059] Comparative Example 1

[0060] PtRu 10 The preparation method of the nanocage differs from that of Example 1 in that: in step (2), the mass of ruthenium trichloride is 10 mg, the mass of chloroplatinic acid is 1 mg, and vanadium chloride is not used; in step (3), the calcination temperature is 300 ℃. Other steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0061] Comparative Example 2

[0062] Pt / C (Suzhou Shengernuo Technology Co., Ltd., 40% platinum content) was directly used as the catalyst.

[0063] Comparative Example 3

[0064] Ru / C (McLean, 5% ruthenium content) was directly used as the catalyst.

[0065] Depend on Figure 6 As shown, compared with PtRu in Comparative Example 1 10 Compared to nanocages, PtRu in Example 1 31 V 4.7 The binding energies of Ru3p and Pt4f in the catalyst underwent a positive shift. This indicates that the incorporation of V atoms caused a redistribution of the electrostatic field through polarization effects.

[0066] Accurately weigh 1 mg of PtRu prepared in Examples 1-3 31 V 4.7 、PtRu 10 V、PtRu 10 V2 and PtRu in Comparative Examples 1-3 10Nanocages, Pt / C catalysts, and Ru / C catalysts were each mixed with 1.5 mg of carbon black, and 990 μL of isopropanol and 10 μL of Nafion were added to each. The mixtures were then sonicated for at least 30 min to form a homogeneous catalyst dispersion. Subsequently, 10 μL of the dispersion was drop-coated onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode. After the dispersion dried, the working electrode was obtained. Electrochemical tests were performed in a 1 M KOH electrolyte under a saturated hydrogen atmosphere. A three-electrode system was used, with an Hg / HgO electrode as the reference electrode and a carbon rod as the counter electrode, for HER performance testing.

[0067] like Figure 7 As shown, PtRu in Example 1 31 V 4.7 The activity of the catalyst is significantly higher than that of PtRu. 10 Other catalysts outside the nanocage, at a current density of 10 mA / cm² 2 At that time, the overpotential was only 31 mV.

[0068] Application examples

[0069] A water electrolysis method using an alkaline anion exchange membrane includes the following steps:

[0070] The PtRu prepared in Example 1 were respectively 31 V 4.7 Catalyst, PtRu 10 Nanocage catalyst and commercially available Pt / C were sprayed onto one side of the anion exchange membrane as the cathode catalyst layer. This anion exchange membrane, purchased from Polyhydrogen, is a high-strength, high-alkali-resistant anion exchange membrane (model: AEMemr®-PAW-1-40) based on a polyaromatic backbone and alkyl quaternary ammonium salt side chains, possessing advantages such as high strength and high ionic conductivity. The platinum loading on the cathode side was 0.03 mg / L. Pt / cm 2 0.06 mg Pt / cm 2 0.5 mg Pt / cm 2 The anode uses NiFe material supported on nickel foam, while carbon paper serves as a gas diffusion layer on the cathode side. The carbon paper, cathode catalyst membrane, anode, PTFE gasket, and bipolar plates are assembled to form a membrane electrode assembly. The assembled membrane electrode assembly is then subjected to AEMWE performance testing at 80 °C and in 1 M KOH electrolyte.

[0071] like Figure 8 As shown, PtRu 31 V 4.7 Catalyst at 1 A / cm 2 At a current density of [value missing], the battery voltage is only 1.61 V, and its activity is similar to that of PtRu.10 The nanocage is comparable to, and significantly superior to, commercial Pt / C.

[0072] The above description is merely an example and illustration of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described, or use similar methods to replace them, as long as they do not deviate from the structure of the present invention or exceed the scope defined in the claims, all of which should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a low-platinum anion exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen desorption catalyst, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Chloroplatinic acid, ruthenium trichloride and vanadium chloride were dissolved and loaded onto ZIF-8 metal-organic framework material, and PtRuV@ZIF-8 composite material was formed by impregnation adsorption; (2) The PtRuV@ZIF-8 composite material is calcined at high temperature in a hydrogen-argon reducing atmosphere to reduce metals Pt, Ru and V in situ. At the same time, Zn released by the thermal decomposition of ZIF-8 forms an intermetallic compound with the three reduced metals to form the PtRuVZnO composite material. (3) Selective etching of PtRuVZnO composite material by hydrochloric acid solution to remove Zn component, and finally PtRuV catalyst material is formed, which is the low platinum anion exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen catalyst.

2. The preparation method of a low-platinum anion exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen desorption catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (1) is as follows: a mixed solution of ruthenium trichloride, chloroplatinic acid and vanadium chloride is added to the ZIF-8 suspension, followed by stirring, hydrothermal reaction, centrifugation, washing and drying to obtain PtRuV@ZIF-8 composite material.

3. The preparation method of a low-platinum anion exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen desorption catalyst according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ZIF-8 suspension is prepared as follows: zinc nitrate hexahydrate solution, 2-methylimidazole solution, and hexadecyltrimethylamine bromide solution are stirred and mixed evenly, and then allowed to stand to obtain ZIF-8 suspension.

4. The preparation method of a low-platinum anion exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen desorption catalyst according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mass ratio of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 2-methylimidazole, and hexadecyltrimethylamine bromide is (0.3-0.4):(5-6):(0.016-0.018); the stirring speed is 350-450 rpm and the stirring time is 5-10 min; the settling time is 2-3 h.

5. The preparation method of a low-platinum anion exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen desorption catalyst according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mass ratio of ruthenium trichloride, chloroplatinic acid, vanadium chloride and ZIF-8 is (8-12):(0-3):(0-6):(16-18); The hydrothermal reaction temperature is 50–80 °C, and the hydrothermal reaction time is 2–4 h; The stirring speed is 350-450 rpm; The centrifugal separation speed is 10000-12000 rpm; The drying temperature is 40–60 °C, and the drying time is 3–5 h.

6. The method for preparing a low-platinum anion exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen desorption catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the volume ratio of hydrogen to argon in the hydrogen-argon reducing atmosphere is (5%–10%): (90%–95%); the high-temperature calcination temperature is 400–450 °C, the calcination time is 2–3 h, and the heating rate is 5–10 °C / min.

7. The method for preparing a low-platinum anion exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen desorption catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.5 to 1 mol / L, and the etching time is 20 to 40 min.

8. A platinum anion exchange membrane hydrogen electrolysis catalyst prepared by the method described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The application of the platinum anion exchange membrane hydrogen electrolysis catalyst according to claim 8 in an alkaline anion exchange membrane water electrolysis system.

10. The application according to claim 9, characterized in that: The platinum anion exchange membrane hydrogen electrolysis catalyst is used to prepare the cathode reaction catalyst material in the alkaline anion exchange membrane water electrolysis system.

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