A fabricated mortise and tenon joint lattice revetment structure and a construction method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of assembled mortise and tenon joint lattice protection slope structure and construction method, belong to slope protection engineering technical field.The structure includes prefabricated lattice beam section, prefabricated mortise and tenon joint component and anchor rod.Prefabricated lattice beam section both ends are provided with tenon with key tooth, prefabricated mortise and tenon joint component is equipped with mortise groove compatible with it, tenon and mortise are temporarily locked by prefabricated concrete dowel, and in its cooperation gap and node internal cavity grout body is formed rigid connection.Prefabricated mortise and tenon joint component center reserves anchor rod passage, and acts as anchor rod pressure pier.Node component is divided into cross type, T type and corner type according to position.Construction method includes slope preparation, anchor rod construction, component installation, node grouting, anchor rod tensioning and ecological restoration and the like steps.The application realizes the rapid assembly of protection slope structure, with the advantages of high construction efficiency, good engineering quality, safety and environmental protection, low comprehensive cost and significant ecological benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope protection engineering technology, specifically to a grid slope protection structure and its construction method that uses prefabricated components and is rapidly assembled through mortise and tenon joints. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, cast-in-place reinforced concrete grid slope protection is widely used in slope protection for highways, railways, and water conservancy projects. However, this traditional method has many drawbacks: Low construction efficiency and long cycle: The processes of steel bar binding, formwork erection and concrete pouring all need to be carried out on the slope, which is a labor-intensive operation and the construction speed is slow.

[0003] High safety risks: Working at heights on slopes requires the erection of a large amount of scaffolding, posing significant safety hazards.

[0004] Unstable quality: Construction quality is greatly affected by the site environment, personnel skills and management level, making it difficult to guarantee uniformity.

[0005] Significant environmental impact: The site involves a lot of wet work, generating a large amount of construction waste and noise, which does not conform to the concept of green construction.

[0006] In recent years, although the concept of prefabricated construction has been introduced, the connection technology between prefabricated components remains a bottleneck, making it difficult to achieve both rapid assembly and unified overall load-bearing capacity. The mortise and tenon structure in ancient Chinese architecture, with its advantages of accurate positioning, reliable force transmission, and rapid construction, offers a new approach to solving these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a prefabricated mortise and tenon joint grid slope protection structure.

[0008] Specifically, it includes several precast lattice beam segments, several precast mortise and tenon joint components, and anchor rods.

[0009] Specifically, the precast lattice beam segment has tenons at both ends.

[0010] Specifically, the prefabricated mortise and tenon joint component has a mortise groove that matches the tenon.

[0011] Specifically, the anchor rod is anchored inside the slope, and the surface of the anchor rod is coated with an epoxy coating or fitted with a PE sleeve for corrosion protection.

[0012] Specifically, the prefabricated lattice beam segment is assembled and connected by embedding the tenon at its end into the mortise of the prefabricated mortise and tenon joint component.

[0013] Specifically, the prefabricated mortise and tenon joint component has a vertically penetrating anchor channel in its center, through which the anchor rod passes, and the prefabricated mortise and tenon joint component also serves as the bearing pier for the anchor rod.

[0014] Specifically, the fit gap between the tenon and the mortise, as well as the internal cavity of the prefabricated tenon-mortise joint component, are solidified into one by injecting grout.

[0015] Specifically, the tenon has a first pin hole, and the mortise has a second pin hole corresponding to the position of the first pin hole.

[0016] Specifically, it also includes prefabricated pins, which are cylindrical concrete pins that pass through the aligned first pin hole and second pin hole to lock the tenon and mortise connection node.

[0017] Specifically, the tenon has a trapezoidal structure with shear-resistant keys on its sides and a bearing surface on its end face. The inner wall of the mortise has teeth that mesh with the shear-resistant keys, and a high-strength bearing platform is provided at the bottom of the mortise. The tenon participates in shear resistance with its entire cross-section, and its shear bearing capacity can be increased by about 3 to 5 times compared with traditional bolt connections under the same material strength.

[0018] Specifically, the cross-section of the precast lattice beam segment is rectangular or L-shaped.

[0019] Specifically, the prefabricated mortise and tenon joint components are classified into cross-shaped, T-shaped, and corner-shaped types according to their position on the slope.

[0020] Specifically, the grout is micro-expansion fine aggregate concrete or high-strength non-shrink grout. The water-to-material ratio of the grout is 0.12–0.14, and the injection pressure is ≤0.3 MPa.

[0021] A construction method for a prefabricated mortise and tenon joint grid slope protection structure includes the following steps: S1 Slope Preparation and Measurement: Clean the slope surface and mark the center positions of each prefabricated mortise and tenon joint component according to the design drawings.

[0022] S2 anchor bolt construction: Drill holes and clean the holes at the node locations, insert the anchor bolts, and grout for anchoring.

[0023] S3 component installation: After the anchor body of the anchor rod reaches the design strength, the prefabricated mortise and tenon joint component is put into the anchor rod and temporarily fixed. Then, the prefabricated lattice beam segment is hoisted and the tenon at its end is aligned and embedded into the mortise of the adjacent prefabricated mortise and tenon joint component from bottom to top to complete the assembly of the lattice frame.

[0024] S4 Node Grouting: Grout is injected into the assembled mortise and tenon joints and the internal cavities of the prefabricated mortise and tenon node components. After the grout hardens, the nodes are connected as a whole.

[0025] S5. Anchor bolt tensioning and locking: After the grout in the joint reaches the design strength, the anchor bolt is tensioned and locked to the precast tenon and mortise joint component.

[0026] S6. Ecological restoration: Vegetation slope protection construction is carried out within the grid formed by the lattice frame.

[0027] Specifically, in step S4, the grout injection pressure is ≤0.3MPa, and the grout is injected until the vent hole is fully filled with grout before sealing. Before injection, exposed joints are sealed with quick-setting mortar. After grout injection, the joints need to be cured at room temperature for at least 24 hours.

[0028] Specifically, in step S5, the grouting material is a highly alkaline grouting material with a pH value greater than 12, used to provide passivation and corrosion protection for the anchor rod.

[0029] Specifically, in step S6, the vegetation slope protection construction includes laying a three-dimensional geonet, backfilling planting soil, and spraying grass.

[0030] It has the following beneficial effects: (1) The construction speed of this invention is fast: the components are prefabricated in the factory and dry-assembled on site, without the need for full-span scaffolding, and the construction period can be shortened by more than 40%.

[0031] (2) The present invention has high engineering quality: the components are produced in a standardized manner in the factory, and the quality is stable and controllable; the mortise and tenon joints are rigidly connected after grouting, and the overall stress performance is reliable. The shear bearing capacity is about 3-5 times higher than that of traditional bolted connections.

[0032] (3) This invention is safe and environmentally friendly: it greatly reduces high-altitude operations on slopes and wet operations on site, reduces safety risks, reduces environmental pollution, and meets the requirements of green construction.

[0033] (4) The invention has low overall cost: on-site labor is reduced by 70%, and the overall project cost can be reduced by 15% to 25%.

[0034] (5) The present invention has good ecological benefits: vegetation restoration can be carried out within the grid frame, realizing the organic combination of engineering protection and ecological restoration. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a plan view of a prefabricated mortise and tenon joint grid slope protection structure according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-shaped assembly of prefabricated lattice beams in a prefabricated mortise and tenon joint lattice slope protection structure according to the present invention. Figure reference numerals: 1-Precast lattice beam segment; 2-Precast mortise and tenon joint component; 3-Anchor rod; 4-Tenon; 5-Mortise; 6-Anchor rod channel; 7-Pin; 8-First pin hole; 9-Second pin hole. Detailed Implementation

[0037] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0038] The following detailed description of the implementation method of the present invention is in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The description is only a partial embodiment and not all embodiments. For clarity, representations and descriptions unrelated to the present invention are omitted in the drawings and description.

[0039] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and beneficial effects of this invention, the following detailed description of the technical solution is provided. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a portion of the embodiments of this invention, not all of them, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of implementation of this invention. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the protection scope of this invention.

[0040] This embodiment provides a prefabricated mortise and tenon joint grid slope protection structure, which mainly consists of prefabricated grid beam segments, prefabricated mortise and tenon joint components, and anchor rods.

[0041] In this embodiment, the prefabricated lattice beam segment can be designed as a rectangular or L-shaped cross section according to the stress requirements, and its two ends are integrally formed with mechanically optimized trapezoidal tenons.

[0042] In this embodiment, the tenon has multiple shear keys on its side and its end face is machined into a flat bearing surface. A first dowel hole is also provided on the tenon.

[0043] In this embodiment, the prefabricated mortise and tenon joint components serve as the intersection hubs of the lattice structure, and are classified into three types according to their position on the slope: cross-shaped, T-shaped, and corner-shaped. The joint components are provided with mortise grooves that fit the tenons of the beam segments. The inner wall of the mortise groove is provided with teeth that precisely mesh with the key teeth of the tenon, and a high-strength bearing platform is provided at the bottom of the groove.

[0044] In this embodiment, a second pin hole corresponding to the first pin hole is also provided on the mortise. More importantly, a vertically penetrating anchor bolt channel is reserved at the geometric center of the node component.

[0045] In this embodiment, in the assembled state, the tenons of the precast lattice beam segments are embedded in the mortise grooves of the precast mortise and tenon joint components. Shear force is transmitted through the interlocking of the key teeth and teeth, and axial force is transmitted through the contact between the bearing surface and the bearing platform. Subsequently, precast concrete pins are inserted into the aligned pin holes to temporarily lock the joint. Anchor bolts pass through the anchor bolt channel at the center of the joint and are anchored in the stable stratum of the slope. The precast mortise and tenon joint components also serve as guide sleeves for the anchor bolts and bearing piers during tensioning.

[0046] In this embodiment, after assembly, high-strength non-shrink grout or micro-expansion fine aggregate concrete is used to fill the mortise and tenon joints and internal cavities of the nodes through pressure grouting. After the grout hardens, the beam segment, node, and anchor rod are firmly combined into a whole to form a rigid joint.

[0047] In this embodiment, a construction method for the above-mentioned slope protection structure is also provided, the specific steps of which are as follows: Slope preparation and surveying: Remove loose rocks and soil from the slope surface and level it. Use surveying instruments to mark the center positions of each node.

[0048] S1. Precast component production In the prefabrication plant, C30 reinforced concrete is used to fabricate transverse lattice beams, longitudinal lattice beams, and node connectors according to the design drawings. The tenons and mortises at the ends of the components are integrally formed using high-precision molds and steam-cured to ensure dimensional accuracy and strength.

[0049] S2. Slope preparation and surveying / layout Remove loose rocks and soil from the slope surface, and excavate and repair any local protrusions to make the slope surface roughly flat. Use a total station or GPS to accurately mark the center position of each node according to the designed grid spacing and mark it.

[0050] S3. Anchor Bolt Construction Drill holes to the designed depth at the designated node locations, using high-pressure air to clean the holes. After cleaning, insert anchor rods, which can be made of finely rolled threaded steel bars with a diameter of 25mm to 32mm. Inject cement mortar or anchoring agent into the holes for full-length anchoring. The exposed length of the anchor rod must ensure that it can pass through the vertical through hole of the node connector and still have sufficient length for subsequent tensioning and locking.

[0051] S4. Component Installation After the anchor body of the anchor bolt reaches its design strength, precast mortise and tenon joint components are first fitted onto the exposed section of the anchor bolt, ensuring its bottom surface is against the slope. If necessary, wedges are used for temporary leveling. Then, using a light crane or winch, the precast lattice beam segments are hoisted row by row in a bottom-up sequence. Utilizing the self-guiding function of the mortise and tenon joints, the tenons at the ends of the beam segments are aligned and pushed into the mortises of adjacent joint components, forming a continuous, self-stabilizing lattice frame. This process does not require the erection of a full-span scaffolding.

[0052] S5. Cast-in-place joint After the lattice frame is assembled and its position is checked, the node areas are filled with water.

[0053] Joint sealing: First, seal the outside of the mortise and tenon joint with quick-setting mortar to form a grouting cavity.

[0054] Grouting: Self-leveling concrete with a strength grade one level higher than that of the precast components is used as the grouting material, with a water-to-material ratio of 0.12 to 0.14. Grouting material is continuously injected through the grouting holes at the lower part of the joint at a pressure not exceeding 0.3 MPa until the vent holes at the higher part are full of grout. The grouting holes and vent holes are then immediately sealed.

[0055] Curing: Keep the grouting material moist for more than 24 hours at room temperature. Once the grouting material has hardened, the joint will form a rigid joint.

[0056] S6. Vegetated slope protection Within the grid formed by the lattice beams, a three-dimensional geonet is first laid and fixed, then topsoil is backfilled, and grass or shrub seeds suitable for the local climate are sprayed, or turf is laid directly. Finally, regular watering and maintenance are carried out until the vegetation forms a lawn.

[0057] In summary, compared with traditional bolted connections, the tenon and mortise connection of this invention has significant advantages in shear resistance. Traditional bolted connections rely on single-point shear on the bolt shank and local bearing pressure on the hole wall, with the shear resistance section limited to the cross-sectional area of ​​the bolt. In this invention, the tenon of the beam segment participates in shear resistance with the entire cross-section, and its shear resistance section is typically 3 to 6 times the cross-sectional area of ​​the bolt under the same conditions. Therefore, under the same material strength, the shear bearing capacity of this invention can be increased by approximately 3 to 5 times. Furthermore, bolted connections suffer from initial slippage and long-term relaxation problems, making them semi-rigid nodes; while this invention, after grouting, forms a rigid joint with no slippage, high stiffness, and more reliable long-term load-bearing performance.

[0058] Efficiency and cost: Compared with cast-in-place lattice structures, the construction period of this invention can be shortened by more than 40%, on-site labor can be reduced by 70%, and the overall cost can be reduced by 15% to 25%.

[0059] Quality and Safety: Standardized production in the component factory ensures stable and controllable quality. On-site operations are primarily dry, significantly reducing the safety risks associated with working at heights.

[0060] Environmental protection and ecology: The amount of on-site wet work is only 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 of that of traditional methods, resulting in significant environmental and carbon reduction effects. The addition of vegetation slope protection within the grid structure further enhances ecological benefits.

[0061] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein and should not be construed as excluding other embodiments. It can be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments, and can be altered within the scope of the concept described herein through the above teachings or related technologies or knowledge. Modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A prefabricated mortise and tenon joint lattice slope protection structure, comprising several prefabricated lattice beam segments (1), several prefabricated mortise and tenon joint components (2), and anchor bolts (3), characterized in that: The precast lattice beam segment (1) has tenons (4) at both ends. The prefabricated mortise and tenon joint component (2) has a mortise (5) that matches the tenon (4). The tenon (4) is provided with a first pin hole (8), and the mortise (5) is provided with a second pin hole (9) corresponding to the position of the first pin hole (8). The anchor rod (3) is anchored inside the slope, and the surface of the anchor rod (3) is provided with an epoxy coating or is covered with a PE sleeve for anti-corrosion treatment. The precast lattice beam segment (1) is assembled and connected by embedding the tenon (4) at its end into the mortise (5) of the precast mortise and tenon joint component (2). The prefabricated tenon and mortise joint component (2) has a vertically penetrating anchor channel (6) in the center, through which the anchor (3) passes, and the prefabricated tenon and mortise joint component (2) also serves as the bearing pier of the anchor (3); The tenon (4) and the mortise (5) fit together and the internal cavity of the prefabricated tenon and mortise joint component (2) are solidified into one by grouting; it also includes a prefabricated pin (7), which is a cylindrical concrete pin (7) that passes through the aligned first pin hole (8) and second pin hole (9) to lock the tenon and mortise joint.

2. The prefabricated mortise and tenon joint lattice slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tenon (4) is a trapezoidal structure with shear-resistant key teeth on its side and a bearing surface on its end face; the inner wall of the mortise (5) is provided with teeth that mesh with the shear-resistant key teeth, and a high-strength bearing platform is provided at the bottom of the mortise. The tenon (4) participates in shear resistance with its entire cross section. Under the same material strength, the shear bearing capacity can be increased by about 3 to 5 times compared with the traditional bolt connection.

3. The prefabricated mortise and tenon joint lattice slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-section of the precast lattice beam segment (1) is rectangular or L-shaped.

4. The prefabricated mortise and tenon joint lattice slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The prefabricated mortise and tenon joint components (2) are classified into cross-shaped, T-shaped and corner-shaped according to their position on the slope.

5. The prefabricated mortise and tenon joint lattice slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grout is micro-expansion fine aggregate concrete or high-strength non-shrink grout; the water-to-material ratio of the grout is 0.12 to 0.14, and the grouting pressure is ≤0.3MPa.

6. A construction method for a prefabricated mortise and tenon joint grid slope protection structure as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1 Slope Preparation and Measurement: Clean the slope surface and mark the center position of each prefabricated tenon and mortise node component (2) according to the design drawings; S2 Anchor Bolt (3) Construction: Drill holes and clean the holes at the node location, insert anchor bolts (3) and grout for anchoring; S3 component installation: After the anchor body of the anchor rod (3) reaches the design strength, the prefabricated tenon and mortise node component (2) is put into the anchor rod (3) and temporarily fixed. Then, the prefabricated lattice beam segment (1) is hoisted and the tenon (4) at its end is aligned from bottom to top and embedded into the mortise (5) of the adjacent prefabricated tenon and mortise node component (2) to complete the assembly of the lattice frame. S4 node grouting: Grout is injected into the mortise and tenon joints and the internal cavity of the prefabricated mortise and tenon node components (2) after the grout has hardened, and the nodes are connected as a whole. S5, Anchor rod (3) tensioning and locking: After the joint grout reaches the design strength, the anchor rod (3) is tensioned and locked to the precast tenon joint component (2); S6. Ecological restoration: Vegetation slope protection construction is carried out within the grid formed by the lattice frame.

7. The construction method of a prefabricated mortise and tenon joint grid slope protection structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S4, the grout injection pressure is ≤0.3MPa, and the grout is injected until the vent hole is full of grout and then sealed. Before injection, the exposed joints are sealed with quick-hardening mortar. After the grout is injected, it needs to be kept moist at room temperature for more than 24 hours.

8. The construction method of a prefabricated mortise and tenon joint grid slope protection structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S5, the grouting material is a highly alkaline grouting material with a pH value greater than 12, which is used to provide passivation and anti-corrosion protection for the anchor rod (3).

9. A construction method for a prefabricated mortise and tenon joint grid slope protection structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S6, the vegetation slope protection construction includes laying a three-dimensional geonet, backfilling planting soil, and spraying grass.

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