Deep disaster prevention and control system and method based on deep geological energy synergistic regulation

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of deep underground engineering disaster prevention and control, and discloses a deep disaster prevention and control system and method based on deep geological energy collaborative regulation. The system comprises a deep anchoring energy transmission layer, a surface energy absorption layer, a middle layer deformation energy conversion layer, a bottom water potential energy dissipation layer and an intelligent monitoring and regulation system. The surface energy absorption layer dissipates deformation energy and absorbs heat energy through corrugated plates and phase change materials; the middle layer deformation energy conversion layer converts deformation energy into anchor rod axial tension; the bottom water potential energy dissipation layer buffers, depressurizes, dissipates and discharges water inflow of surrounding rock; the deep anchoring energy transmission layer transmits residual energy to deep rock mass; and the intelligent monitoring and regulation system monitors data of each layer in real time, identifies dominant energy and outputs regulation instructions. The present application realizes layered reduction and collaborative regulation of high deformation energy, high geothermal heat energy and high water head potential energy, and significantly improves the disaster prevention and control capability of deep underground engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of disaster prevention and control technology for deep underground engineering, and in particular to a deep disaster prevention and control system and method based on the coordinated regulation of deep geological energy. Background Technology

[0002] my country's western water conservancy and hydropower projects have gradually entered the stage of developing ultra-deep underground space at depths of over 1,000 meters. Deep underground engineering differs fundamentally from shallow underground engineering, and its construction faces severe challenges posed by complex geological environments. Influenced by the coupling of internal and external dynamic geological processes such as plate tectonics, tectonic compression, magmatic activity, metamorphism, and water seepage, the surrounding rock of deep underground engineering projects accumulates massive amounts of energy, exhibiting the characteristics of a "three-high" energy field: high deformation energy, high geothermal energy, and high hydraulic head potential energy. This type of energy is characterized by its high magnitude, large environmental gradient, and violent release process. Excavation disturbances will trigger a rapid and instantaneous release of energy, causing extremely strong damage to the underground engineering structure. Engineering practice has confirmed that when the burial depth reaches 600 meters, underground space development already faces threats from geological hazards such as frequent rockbursts, intensified water inrushes, and large deformations of the surrounding rock. When the burial depth exceeds 1,000 meters, problems such as nonlinear rock mass failure and fluid-solid-thermal multi-field coupling instability under high confining pressure intensify exponentially. How to effectively prevent and control disasters in deep underground engineering induced by "high-energy fields" has become a core technical challenge restricting the safe construction of ultra-deep underground engineering projects.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of disaster prevention and control system that regulates "high-energy-density, high-temperature, and high-volume" fields. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a deep disaster prevention and control system and method based on the synergistic regulation of deep geological energy, which realizes the stratified reduction and synergistic regulation of high deformation energy, high geothermal thermal energy and high water head potential energy, thereby improving the disaster prevention and control capabilities of deep underground engineering.

[0005] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A deep disaster prevention and control system based on the coordinated regulation of deep geological energy includes: Deep anchoring energy transfer layer, including prestressed anchor cables anchored in deep rock mass; The surface energy-absorbing layer includes a corrugated plate that is attached to the wall and arranged on the surface of the surrounding rock. One end of the prestressed anchor cable is fixedly connected to the corrugated plate. A sealing tube is fixedly installed on the side of the corrugated plate away from the surrounding rock. The sealing tube is filled with a phase change material for heat absorption. The intermediate deformation energy conversion layer is located on the side of the surface energy-absorbing layer away from the surrounding rock. It includes a deformation damper and an anchor. The deformation damper is connected to the corrugated plate and is used to receive the deformation of the corrugated plate. The anchor is anchored in the rock mass. An energy-dissipating and force-transmitting component is connected between the anchor and the deformation damper to convert the deformation of the deformation damper into axial tensile force on the anchor. The bottom water potential energy dissipation layer is set on the side close to the free face of the project. It includes the main water inlet pipe and the switch valves, high pressure water storage tank, pressure relief valve, permeable fluid damper and diversion pipeline connected in sequence along the main water inlet pipe. It is used to buffer, relieve pressure, dampen and dissipate water from the surrounding rock and divert and drain it. The intelligent monitoring and control system is used to monitor the stress state, temperature changes and water pressure changes of each layer of structural components in real time, and to coordinate the control of the deformation energy, thermal energy and water potential energy of the surrounding rock.

[0006] As a further feature of the present invention, the side of the sealing tube facing the middle deformation energy conversion layer is covered with a heat insulation layer.

[0007] As a further feature of the present invention, the phase change material is a paraffin-expanded graphite composite phase change material with a phase change temperature of 37-45℃.

[0008] As a further feature of the present invention, the energy-consuming force transmission component includes a compression spring connected to a deformation damper, the compression spring being connected to a front piston, the front piston being slidably connected to a first hydraulic container, the first hydraulic container being connected to a hydraulic pipeline, the hydraulic pipeline being connected to a second hydraulic container, the second hydraulic container being arranged along the length direction of the anchor rod, a rear piston being slidably arranged in the second hydraulic container, a tray being fixedly arranged at the end of the anchor rod, a tension spring being arranged in the tray along the length direction of the anchor rod, and a connecting rope being arranged between the rear piston and the tension spring.

[0009] As a further feature of the present invention, the compression spring is connected to a spring limit switch for changing the effective working length of the compression spring.

[0010] As a further feature of the present invention, the deep anchoring energy transfer layer also includes an energy dissipation anchor head disposed at the connection between the prestressed anchor cable and the corrugated plate, and the energy dissipation anchor head is provided with a disc spring inside.

[0011] As a further feature of the present invention, the permeable fluid damper is filled with a ceramic filter medium.

[0012] As a further feature of the present invention, the diversion and drainage pipeline includes a main diversion pipe, a branch diversion pipe, and a drainage pipe whose end is connected to a deep water storage layer or drainage space.

[0013] As a further feature of the present invention, the intelligent monitoring and control system includes stress sensors, temperature sensors, and water pressure sensors disposed in the surface energy absorption layer, the middle deformation energy conversion layer, the bottom water potential energy dissipation layer, and the deep anchoring energy transfer layer; it also includes a control terminal for receiving sensor data, calculating the total energy density and identifying the dominant energy type, and outputting control commands based on the identification results.

[0014] A method for preventing and controlling deep disasters based on the aforementioned deep geological energy synergistic regulation system is characterized by comprising the following steps: The intelligent monitoring and control system monitors the stress state, temperature changes, and water pressure changes of each structural component in real time. The intelligent monitoring and control system coordinates the deformation energy, thermal energy, and water potential energy of the surrounding rock based on monitoring data, including: The energy-consuming and force-transmitting components in the middle deformation energy conversion layer are adjusted to change the conversion efficiency of deformation energy into the axial tension of the anchor bolt. The heat absorption process of the phase change material in the surface energy-absorbing layer is controlled to change the heat energy absorption and storage efficiency. The valves in the bottom water potential energy dissipation layer are regulated to change the opening and closing states of the buffering, depressurization, damping dissipation, and diversion of the water coming from the surrounding rock.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. The deformation energy released by the surrounding rock is dissipated during the bending, compression, buckling and friction of the corrugated plate. The heat of the surrounding rock is transferred to the phase change material through the corrugated plate and sealed pipe and is absorbed and stored. While reducing the displacement transmission amplitude and load peak in the near-cavity area, it slows down the continued heat transfer into the cavity, thus achieving primary control of high deformation energy and high thermal energy.

[0016] 2. The intermediate deformation energy conversion layer transforms the surrounding rock compression into a continuous process of deformation damper deformation, compression spring compression, liquid pressurized transport, tension spring tension, and anchor bolt tension transmission, thus transforming the originally concentrated and sudden mechanical action into a controllable hydraulic-mechanical combined force transmission process; the spring limit switch can increase the equivalent stiffness of the compression spring when needed, further enhancing the energy consumption and adjustment capabilities for high deformation.

[0017] 3. The bottom water potential energy dissipation layer, through the combined installation of switch valves, high-pressure water storage tanks, pressure relief valves, permeable fluid dampers and diversion and drainage pipelines, enables the underground high-pressure water to sequentially complete the opening and closing control, water storage buffer, pressure relief and energy release, damping dissipation and diversion and drainage, effectively reducing the peak water pressure, flow velocity and single-channel impact intensity in the near cavern area.

[0018] 4. The intelligent monitoring and control system completes energy calculation, energy density discrimination and dominant energy identification based on stress, temperature and water pressure monitoring results, and outputs corresponding control commands to each execution unit according to different energy rise states. It achieves directional control when a single energy dominates and coordinated control when multiple energies rise together, thereby improving the targeting, timeliness and stability of the control.

[0019] 5. The deep anchoring energy transfer layer, through the combination of prestressed anchor cables, energy dissipation anchor heads and disc springs, continues to transfer the remaining mechanical energy transmitted from the surface and middle layers to the deep stable rock mass, and completes buffering and dissipation during the transfer process, effectively reducing the peak load on the outer side of the near-tunnel area and the local stress concentration at the anchoring end.

[0020] 6. This invention integrates a surface energy-absorbing layer, a middle deformation energy conversion layer, a bottom water potential energy dissipation layer, a deep anchoring energy transfer layer, and an intelligent monitoring and control system. It can reduce, convert, and control high deformation energy, high geothermal energy, and high water head potential energy in deep underground engineering in layers, significantly improving the disaster prevention and control capabilities and overall operational safety of deep underground engineering. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the surface energy-absorbing layer structure in this embodiment; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the layer deformation energy conversion layer structure in this embodiment; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Enlarged diagram of part A in the middle; Figure 5 This is the bottom layer of water potential energy dissipation in this embodiment; Figure 6 This is a logic control block diagram of the intelligent monitoring and control system in this embodiment; In the diagram, 1. Deep anchoring energy transfer layer; 11. Prestressed anchor cable; 2. Surface energy absorption layer; 21. Corrugated plate; 22. Sealing pipe; 23. Heat insulation layer; 3. Middle deformation energy conversion layer; 31. Deformation damper; 32. Anchor bolt; 33. Compression spring; 34. Front piston; 35. First hydraulic container; 36. Hydraulic pipeline; 37. Second hydraulic container; 38. Rear piston; 39. Tray; 310. Tension spring; 311. Connecting rope; 312. Spring limit switch; 4. Bottom water potential energy dissipation layer; 41. Main inlet pipe; 42. Switch valve; 43. High-pressure water storage bladder; 44. Pressure relief valve; 45. Permeable fluid damper; 46. Diversion and drainage pipeline; 51. Stress sensor; 52. Temperature sensor; 53. Water pressure sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] A deep disaster prevention and control system based on the coordinated regulation of deep geological energy, referencing Figures 1 to 6 It includes a deep anchoring energy transfer layer 1, a surface energy absorption layer 2, a middle deformation energy conversion layer 3, a bottom water potential energy dissipation layer 4, and an intelligent monitoring and control system.

[0025] The surface energy-absorbing layer 2 includes corrugated plates 21 arranged against the wall of the surrounding rock surface. The corrugated plates 21 are steel plates, and adjacent plates are connected vertically and horizontally by high-strength bolts. Connecting plates and stiffening members are set at the edges of the plates, and they are locally fixed to the anchoring connection nodes. After the plates are connected, a continuous corrugated shell surface is formed, with the crests and troughs distributed along the tunnel outline.

[0026] A sealing pipe 22 is fixedly installed on the side of the corrugated plate 21 away from the surrounding rock, i.e., the side facing the interior of the underground project. The sealing pipe 22 is an aluminum pipe, arranged parallel to the tunnel outline. Each sealing pipe 22 is connected to the corrugated plate 21 by clamps, pressure plates, or fasteners. The inside of the sealing pipe 22 is filled with paraffin-expanded graphite composite phase change material. The side of the sealing pipe 22 facing the middle deformation energy conversion layer 3 is continuously covered with a glass wool insulation layer 23. The sealing pipe 22 and the corrugated plate 21 are fitted together to form a layered structure of "corrugated plate 21 - sealing pipe 22 - phase change material - insulation layer 23".

[0027] When the surrounding rock converges, bulges, or undergoes localized compression, the lateral load of the surrounding rock is first transferred to the outer surface of the corrugated plate 21. After being compressed, a single corrugated unit first undergoes localized bending and compression, followed by deformation of adjacent corrugated units. Simultaneously, localized compression, minor slippage, and stress redistribution occur at the plate connection points. The deformation energy transmitted from the surrounding rock to the surface is partly converted into deformation energy during the bending and compression of the corrugated plate 21, partly consumed during localized buckling, and partly dissipated during friction at the plate connection areas and contact surfaces. The remaining portion continues to be transferred to adjacent plates and the inner structure. Localized concentrated displacements and loads are dispersed across multiple corrugated units and multiple connection areas within the continuous corrugated shell. The effect is that the deformation energy transmitted from the surrounding rock to the surface is consumed during the bending, compression, localized buckling, and friction at the connection areas of the corrugated plate 21, thereby reducing the displacement transmission amplitude and peak load behind the surface and decreasing the impact on the near-tunnel support structure.

[0028] When heat is transferred from the surrounding rock into the tunnel, it first enters the corrugated plate 21, and then is transferred by the corrugated plate 21 to the tightly fitted sealing pipe 22. The sealing pipe 22 guides the heat into the internal paraffin-expanded graphite composite phase change material. After the phase change material reaches the phase change temperature range of 37-45℃, it changes from a solid to a liquid state. Part of the input heat is converted into latent heat during the phase change process and stored inside the material. The expanded graphite forms a heat conduction path inside the phase change material, and the heat in the sealing pipe 22 diffuses along the pipe section, reducing local heat concentration. The glass wool insulation layer 23 on the outside of the sealing pipe 22 slows down the further transfer of heat to the air inside the tunnel and the support surface. The heat input from the surrounding rock side is introduced, absorbed, stored, and blocked within the surface layer. The effect is that the heat transferred from the surrounding rock to the surface is absorbed and stored in the phase change material in the form of latent heat, and the glass wool insulation layer 23 slows down the further transfer of heat into the tunnel, thereby controlling the ambient temperature inside the tunnel below 37℃ and mitigating the deterioration of the support structure caused by heat damage.

[0029] The intermediate deformation energy conversion layer 3 is located on the side of the surface energy-absorbing layer 2 away from the surrounding rock, and includes a deformation damper 31 and an anchor bolt 32. The deformation damper 31 has a circular deformation body and is connected to the corrugated plate 21 to receive the deformation of the corrugated plate 21. The anchor bolt 32 is anchored in the rock mass, and an energy-dissipating force transmission component is connected between the anchor bolt 32 and the deformation damper 31. The function of this energy-dissipating force transmission component is to convert the deformation of the deformation damper 31 into axial tensile force on the anchor bolt 32.

[0030] The energy-consuming and force-transmitting component includes a compression spring 33 connected to a deformation damper 31. The compression spring 33 is arranged along the deformation expansion direction of the deformation damper 31. A front piston 34 is connected to the compression spring 33, and a first hydraulic container 35 is slidably connected to the front piston 34. A hydraulic pipe 36 is connected to the first hydraulic container 35, and the hydraulic pipe 36 is connected to a second hydraulic container 37, which is arranged along the length of the anchor rod 32. A rear piston 38 is slidably arranged in the second hydraulic container 37. A tray 39 is fixedly arranged at the end of the anchor rod 32, and a tension spring 310 is arranged in the tray 39 along the length of the anchor rod 32. A connecting rope 311 is arranged between the rear piston 38 and the tension spring 310. The compression spring 33 is also connected to a spring limit switch 312, which is electrically controlled and controlled by an intelligent monitoring and control system to change the effective working length of the compression spring 33.

[0031] When the surrounding rock compresses the corrugated plate 21, the corrugated plate 21 deforms and transmits this force to the deformation damper 31. The deformation damper 31 then compresses the compression spring 33, which in turn pushes the front piston 34. The liquid in the first hydraulic container 35, under pressure, enters the hydraulic pipe 36 and flows to the second hydraulic container 37, pushing the rear piston 38. The rear piston 38 pulls the tension spring 310 in the tray 39 via the connecting rope 311. The tension spring 310 applies tension to the tray 39, which transmits this tension to the anchor rod 32, causing the anchor rod 32 to be under axial tension. Since the lower end of the anchor rod 32 is fixed in the deep, stable rock mass, this upward force puts the anchor rod 32 into an axially tensile state. The deformation energy transmitted from the surrounding rock to the middle layer is successively converted into the deformation energy dissipation of the deformation damper 31, the compression and rebound energy dissipation of the front compression spring 33, the energy dissipation of the liquid under pressure flow, the energy dissipation of the tension spring 310 inside the tray 39 during tension and retraction, and the axial tensile strain energy of the anchor bolt 32, and then transmitted along the anchor bolt 32 to the deep stable rock mass.

[0032] When the monitoring result reaches the set threshold, the spring limit switch 312 opens, and the limit block in the spring limit switch 312 extends from the switch body and stops the compression spring 33 near the first hydraulic container 35, preventing that part of the spring from continuing to deform freely. At this time, the effective working length of the compression spring 33 shortens, and the equivalent stiffness increases. When the deformation damper 31 continues to be compressed and deformed, the reaction force of the front-end structure increases, the energy storage and dissipation capacity of the spring compression is enhanced, the pushing action of the front-end piston 34 and the liquid delivery pressure increase simultaneously, and the tension amplitude of the tension spring 310 in the tray 39 and the tension of the anchor rod 32 increase accordingly. The middle layer enters a state of enhanced energy dissipation and enhanced force transmission. After the monitoring value returns to the set range, the limit block in the spring limit switch 312 resets and exits, the front-end compression spring 33 returns to its normal working length, and the middle layer returns to its normal working state.

[0033] The effect of this part is that the residual deformation energy transmitted from the surface layer to the middle layer is diverted, consumed, and transferred during the deformation of the deformation damper 31, the compression of the compression spring 33, the pressurized liquid transport, the tension of the tension spring 310 in the tray 39, and the axial tension of the deep anchor bolt 32. This transforms the sudden deformation of the surrounding rock into a controllable hydraulic-mechanical combined force transmission process, reducing the displacement transmission amplitude and load peak after the middle layer, and continuing to transmit the remaining residual force to the deep stable rock mass. After reaching the threshold, the spring limit switch 312 activates and increases the equivalent stiffness of the front compression spring 33, further enhancing the energy dissipation capacity and force transmission adjustment capacity of the middle layer.

[0034] The bottom water potential energy dissipation layer 4 is located on the side closest to the free face of the project, which is also the innermost part of the entire system. It is arranged along the bottom of the tunnel, the foot of the sidewalls, and water-rich fissures, fault fracture zones, and areas prone to sudden water inrush. The bottom water potential energy dissipation layer 4 includes a main inlet pipe 41. The front end of the main inlet pipe 41 is set towards the direction of water inflow from the surrounding rock, and the rear end is first connected to a switch valve 42. After the switch valve 42, a high-pressure water storage tank 43 is connected. After the high-pressure water storage tank 43, a pressure relief valve 44 is connected. After the pressure relief valve 44, a permeable fluid damper 45 is connected. After the permeable fluid damper 45, a branch main pipe is connected. The branch main pipe is then connected to several branch pipes. Each branch pipe is connected to a guide pipe. The end of the guide pipe is connected to a deep water storage layer or a drainage space far from the working face. The permeable fluid damper 45 is filled with ceramic filter media, and inlet and outlet stress sensors 51 are respectively arranged at the front and rear positions of the damper. The components are connected end to end in the order of "water inlet - switch - water storage - pressure relief - damping - diversion - flow guidance" to form a continuous drainage path.

[0035] When high-pressure groundwater in the surrounding rock converges towards the tunnel along fissures, faults, fracture zones, or other water-conducting channels, the water flow first enters the main inlet pipe 41. If the set threshold is not reached, the switch valve 42 remains closed, preventing water from entering subsequent storage and drainage channels. Once the monitoring result reaches the set threshold, the switch valve 42 opens, and water flows from the main inlet pipe 41 into the high-pressure storage bladder 43. The high-pressure storage bladder 43 expands under pressure, increasing its internal volume. The instantaneous high pressure generated by the incoming water acts on the bladder first, converting some of the water potential energy into deformation energy during the bladder's expansion, thus weakening the peak water pressure. The initial pressure continues to rise, reaching the set opening value of the pressure relief valve 44, which then opens, releasing the high-pressure water behind the storage bladder into the subsequent section.

[0036] After passing through the pressure relief valve 44, the water enters the permeable fluid damper 45. As the water flows through the porous channels and ceramic filter media, the flow cross-section is divided, the flow velocity is redistributed, and the fluid maintains continuous contact with the channel walls, filter media surface, and local pores. The water's potential energy is converted into viscous friction losses, local turbulence losses, and inter-media scouring losses, causing the water pressure and velocity to continue to decrease. Mud, sand, and larger particles are trapped by the ceramic filter media, reducing the degree of blockage in subsequent flow channels.

[0037] After being treated by the damper, the water flow enters the main branch pipe, where it is split into several smaller-flow tributaries, which then enter the branch pipes and guide pipes respectively. After the concentrated high-pressure water flow is decomposed into multiple low-pressure tributaries, the impact intensity within a single channel decreases. Each tributary is transported along the guide pipes to a deep aquifer or a drainage space far from the working face, further reducing water pressure and velocity in the near-cave area. Once the incoming water weakens, the switch valve 42 closes or reopens, the pressure relief valve 44 closes or reopens to a small opening, the high-pressure water storage tank 43 returns to a lower pressure state, and the bottom-level device re-enters the standby state.

[0038] The effect of this part is that the water potential energy in the surrounding rock is reduced during the opening and closing control of the switch valve 42, the expansion and buffering of the water storage bladder, the valve-controlled pressure relief, the throttling and dissipation of the damper, the hindrance of the filter medium, and the diversion and drainage process. This reduces the peak water pressure, flow velocity and single-channel impact intensity in the near-tunnel area, reduces the direct effect of the sudden inrush water on the free face and support structure, and guides the treated water flow into the deep water storage layer or drainage space.

[0039] The deep anchoring energy transfer layer 1 is located outside the surface corrugated steel energy-absorbing layer, at the outermost layer of the entire system, and spaced 1.5-2.0m apart along the tunnel circumferential direction. The outer end of the prestressed anchor cable 11 is fixed to the corrugated plate 21 at the connection node; the inner end of the anchor cable extends and is anchored towards the deep stable rock mass. The energy dissipation anchor head is located at the stress position of the outer end of the anchor cable, with a disc spring arranged inside the anchor head, and the anchor head connector located between the outer end connection node and the anchor cable. The residual load transmitted from the surface and middle layers enters the anchor head through the outer end connection node, and then is transmitted from the anchor head to the prestressed anchor cable 11 and the deep anchoring section, forming a continuous force transmission path of "surface / middle layer connection node—energy dissipation anchor head—disc spring—prestressed anchor cable 11—deep anchoring section—deep stable rock mass".

[0040] After the surface energy-absorbing layer 2 and the middle deformation energy conversion layer 3 are working, the remaining load that has not been consumed by the local bending, compression, buckling, connection friction, damping energy dissipation and spring buffering of the corrugated steel plate continues to be transmitted to the outside. It first acts on the outer end connection node between the surface corrugated steel plate and the anchor cable, and then enters the energy dissipation anchor head.

[0041] After the anchor head is stressed, the internal disc spring is compressed axially. Part of the mechanical energy transmitted from the outside is converted into the elastic deformation energy of the disc spring. Simultaneously, local friction occurs at the contact surface and connection points inside the anchor head, and some mechanical energy is dissipated during this contact friction. The axial tension of the prestressed anchor cable 11 behind the anchor head increases, and the remaining load is converted into axial tensile strain energy of the anchor cable, which is then transmitted along the anchor cable to the deeper anchorage section. The deeper anchorage section transmits this portion of the load to the deep, stable rock mass, and the remaining load not consumed in the near-cavity area is transferred from the outside to the deeper layers.

[0042] As the outer load continues to increase, the disc spring continues to compress, the anchor cable tension continues to increase, and the peak stress at the anchor head is elongated. The load transfer process changes from concentrated impact to axial tensile transfer. After the outer load weakens, the disc spring rebounds, the anchor head compression decreases, and the anchor cable maintains a prestressed state or returns to a lower additional stress state.

[0043] The energy change sequence in this layer is as follows: the remaining mechanical energy transmitted from the surface and middle layers first enters the anchor head, where it is converted into elastic deformation energy and local frictional energy at the anchor head and disc spring. The remaining part is converted into axial tensile strain energy of the anchor cable, and then transmitted to the deep stable rock mass along the anchor cable.

[0044] The effect of this part is that the remaining mechanical energy transmitted from the surface and middle layers is buffered and consumed in the form of elastic deformation and local friction in the anchor head and disc spring. The remaining part is transferred to the deep stable rock mass in the form of axial tensile force transmission of the anchor cable, thereby reducing the peak load on the outside of the near-cavity area, weakening the local stress concentration at the anchoring end, and preventing the remaining effect after the surface and middle layers from continuously accumulating in the near-cavity area.

[0045] The intelligent monitoring and control system includes a stress sensor 51, a temperature sensor 52, a water pressure sensor 53, a data acquisition unit, a control terminal, a data receiving unit, an energy calculation unit, an energy density discrimination unit, a dominant energy identification module, an execution output module, a middle layer spring stiffness adjustment execution unit, a surface layer phase change heat cycle execution unit, and a bottom layer inlet valve control execution unit.

[0046] Stress sensors 51 are located at the connection nodes of the surface corrugated plate 21, near the deformation damper 31 and compression spring 33 in the middle layer, at the connection between the tray 39 and the anchor bolt 32, and at the stress-bearing parts of the deep anchorage end; temperature sensors 52 are located on the surface of the corrugated plate 21, the outer wall of the sealing pipe 22, near the phase change material, and on the inner support surface of the tunnel; water pressure sensors 53 are located at the front end of the bottom water inlet main pipe 41, before and after the inlet switch valve 42, before and after the high-pressure water storage bladder 43, before and after the pressure relief valve 44, and at the inlet and outlet positions of the permeable fluid damper 45. Data collected by various sensors first enters the data acquisition unit and then is transmitted to the control terminal.

[0047] The control terminal internally includes a data receiving unit, an energy calculation unit, and an energy density discrimination unit. Externally, it is connected to a dominant energy identification module and an execution output module. The execution output module is connected to the middle layer spring stiffness adjustment execution unit, the surface layer phase change heat cycle execution unit, and the bottom layer inlet valve control execution unit, respectively. Specifically, the middle layer spring stiffness adjustment execution unit is connected to the middle layer spring limit switch 312 to control the extension or reset of the limit block; the surface layer phase change heat cycle execution unit is connected to the surface layer sealing tube 22 and the phase change material to enhance the phase change heat process; and the bottom layer inlet valve control execution unit is connected to the inlet switch valve 42 to control the opening and closing status of the bottom layer water supply.

[0048] Sensors at each layer continuously collect stress, temperature, and water pressure data. The data acquisition unit receives and transmits the monitoring data, and the control terminal summarizes the data from each measuring point through the data receiving unit, and calculates deformation energy, thermal energy, water potential energy, total energy, and total energy density based on engineering parameters. The energy calculation results are sent to the energy density discrimination unit, which compares the total energy density with a critical threshold of 1.0 MJ / m³. If the critical threshold is not reached, the system maintains normal monitoring status, and the execution units do not operate.

[0049] Once the total energy density reaches the critical threshold of 1.0 MJ / m³, the control terminal activates the dominant energy identification module. Based on the calculation results of deformation energy, thermal energy, and water potential energy, the dominant energy identification module identifies the contribution of each energy component to the total energy and its changing trend over the continuous monitoring period, determining whether a single energy source is dominating the increase, or whether two or three energy sources are increasing simultaneously, leading to the total energy density reaching the critical threshold. After the dominant energy identification is completed, the identification result is transmitted to the execution output module, which then outputs control commands to the corresponding execution unit.

[0050] When deformation energy dominates, the output module sends a command to the middle spring stiffness adjustment unit, the middle spring limit switch 312 is activated, the limit block extends and stops the rear working section of the front compression spring 33, so that the effective working length of the spring is shortened and the equivalent stiffness is increased, and the middle layer enters the state of enhanced energy consumption and enhanced force transmission.

[0051] When thermal energy dominates, the execution output module outputs instructions to the surface phase change heat cycle execution unit, which strengthens the surface phase change heat process and improves the heat introduction, diffusion and storage capacity.

[0052] When water potential energy dominates, the execution output module outputs a command to the bottom inlet valve control execution unit, the inlet switch valve 42 opens, the incoming water enters the high-pressure water storage tank 43 and the subsequent pressure relief, damping, diversion and guiding channels, and the bottom layer enters the water potential energy dissipation state.

[0053] When two or three types of energy increase together, the execution output module simultaneously outputs instructions to the corresponding execution unit, causing the middle layer, surface layer and bottom layer to enter a state of coordinated control.

[0054] After the execution unit operates, each sensor continues to collect stress, temperature, and water pressure change data at the corresponding location, and the new monitoring data is transmitted back to the data acquisition unit and control terminal. The control terminal then performs energy calculation, energy density discrimination, dominant energy identification, and execution output. The system continues to operate in the sequence of "monitoring—calculation—discrimination—identification—output—feedback update". After the monitored value falls back to the set range, the middle layer spring limit switch 312 resets, and the bottom layer inlet switch valve 42 closes or returns to the closed state, and the system returns to the normal monitoring state.

[0055] The effect of this part is that the monitoring data and engineering parameter data of each layer are collected, transmitted and calculated and then transformed into the discrimination input of the control terminal. When the total energy density reaches the control condition, the system first completes the energy density discrimination, then completes the dominant energy identification, and outputs the directional control command to the corresponding execution unit through the execution output module according to the identification result. This enables the middle layer spring stiffness adjustment, the surface layer phase change heat enhancement and the bottom layer inlet valve opening and closing control to enter the corresponding control process respectively, and achieve synergistic control when multiple energies rise together.

[0056] The deep disaster prevention and control method based on the above system includes the following steps: First, the stress state, temperature changes, and water pressure changes of each layer of structural components are monitored in real time through an intelligent monitoring and control system.

[0057] Sensors are deployed to determine monitoring locations, and data is collected through the sensors to obtain stress monitoring data, temperature monitoring data, and water pressure monitoring data in real time.

[0058] Then, the intelligent monitoring and control system coordinates the deformation energy, thermal energy, and water potential energy of the surrounding rock based on the monitoring data.

[0059] Before implementing control measures, the control terminal calculates the surrounding rock deformation energy, geothermal energy, and groundwater potential energy based on the collected monitoring data, and then calculates the total energy and total energy density. The total energy density is compared with an internally preset critical threshold to determine if it has been reached or exceeded. If the threshold is reached or exceeded, the contribution of each energy component to the total energy and the increase during the continuous monitoring period are further calculated. Based on internally preset identification rules, the dominant energy type or the state of multiple energies rising simultaneously is determined. All of the above calculation and judgment processes are completed by the conventional calculation program built into the control terminal.

[0060] Based on the output recognition results, the control terminal generates directional control instructions or collaborative control instructions and outputs them to the corresponding execution units, specifically including the following three aspects of control.

[0061] First, the energy dissipation and force transmission components in the intermediate deformation energy conversion layer 3 are adjusted to change the conversion efficiency of deformation energy to the axial tension of the anchor bolt 32. When the identification result indicates that deformation energy is dominant and increasing, the control terminal outputs a control command to the spring limit switch 312 of the intermediate compression spring 33, causing the limit block to extend and lock the rear working section of the compression spring 33, thereby shortening the effective working length of the compression spring 33, increasing its equivalent stiffness, and the intermediate deformation energy conversion layer 3 enters a state of enhanced energy dissipation and enhanced force transmission.

[0062] Second, the heat absorption process of the phase change material in the surface energy-absorbing layer 2 is regulated to change the heat absorption and storage efficiency. When the identification result indicates that heat energy is dominant and rising, the control terminal outputs a control command to the heat exchange regulation mechanism of the surface phase change material to enhance the phase change heat transfer process and improve the heat introduction, diffusion and storage capacity.

[0063] Third, the switching valve 42 in the bottom water potential energy dissipation layer 4 is regulated to change the buffering, pressure relief, damping dissipation, and diversion and drainage states of the incoming water from the surrounding rock. When the identification result is that the water potential energy is dominant and rising, the control terminal outputs a control command to the bottom switching valve 42, causing the switching valve 42 to open, and the incoming water enters the high-pressure water storage tank 43 and the subsequent pressure relief valve 44, permeable fluid damper 45, and diversion and drainage pipeline 46, and the bottom water potential energy dissipation layer 4 enters the water potential energy dissipation state.

[0064] When the identification result is that two or three energies are rising together, the control terminal simultaneously outputs control commands to the corresponding execution unit, so that the corresponding regulation paths in the surface energy absorption layer 2, the middle deformation energy conversion layer 3 and the bottom water potential energy dissipation layer 4 are opened synchronously, forming a coordinated regulation state.

[0065] After the execution unit's action, each sensor continues to collect stress, temperature, and water pressure change data at the corresponding location, and the new monitoring data is transmitted back to the data acquisition unit and control terminal. The control terminal re-runs the calculation program, and the system continues to operate in a closed loop according to the sequence of monitoring, calculation, judgment, control, and feedback. When the monitored value falls back to the set range, the middle-layer spring limit switch 312 resets, the bottom-layer switch valve 42 closes or returns to the closed state, and the system returns to the normal monitoring state.

[0066] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A deep disaster prevention and control system based on the synergistic regulation of deep geological energy, characterized in that, include: The deep anchored energy transfer layer (1) includes prestressed anchor cables (11) anchored in deep rock mass. The surface energy-absorbing layer (2) includes a corrugated plate (21) attached to the wall and arranged on the surface of the surrounding rock. One end of the prestressed anchor cable (11) is fixedly connected to the corrugated plate (21). A sealing tube (22) is fixedly installed on the side of the corrugated plate (21) away from the surrounding rock. The sealing tube (22) is filled with a phase change material for heat absorption. The intermediate deformation energy conversion layer (3) is set on the side of the surface energy absorption layer (2) away from the surrounding rock, including a deformation damper (31) and an anchor (32). The deformation damper (31) is connected to the corrugated plate (21) and is used to receive the deformation of the corrugated plate (21). The anchor (32) is anchored in the rock mass. An energy dissipation and force transmission component is connected between the anchor (32) and the deformation damper (31) to convert the deformation of the deformation damper (31) into axial tension on the anchor (32). The bottom water potential energy dissipation layer (4) is set on the side close to the free face of the project. It includes the main water inlet pipe (41) and the switch valve (42), high pressure water storage tank (43), pressure relief valve (44), water-permeable fluid damper (45) and diversion pipeline (46) connected in sequence along the main water inlet pipe (41). It is used to buffer, relieve pressure, dampen and dissipate water from the surrounding rock and divert and drain it. The intelligent monitoring and control system is used to monitor the stress state, temperature changes and water pressure changes of each layer of structural components in real time, and to coordinate the control of the deformation energy, thermal energy and water potential energy of the surrounding rock.

2. The deep disaster prevention and control system based on the synergistic regulation of deep geological energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing tube (22) is covered with a heat insulation layer (23) on the side facing the middle deformation energy conversion layer (3).

3. The deep disaster prevention and control system based on the synergistic regulation of deep geological energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase change material is a paraffin-expanded graphite composite phase change material with a phase change temperature of 37-45℃.

4. The deep disaster prevention and control system based on the synergistic regulation of deep geological energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy-consuming and force-transmitting component includes a compression spring (33) connected to a deformation damper (31), a front piston (34) connected to the compression spring (33), a first hydraulic container (35) slidably connected to the front piston (34), a hydraulic pipe (36) connected to the first hydraulic container (35), a second hydraulic container (37) connected to the hydraulic pipe (36), the second hydraulic container (37) being arranged along the length direction of the anchor rod (32), a rear piston (38) slidably arranged in the second hydraulic container (37), a tray (39) being fixedly arranged at the end of the anchor rod (32), a tension spring (310) being arranged in the tray (39) along the length direction of the anchor rod (32), and a connecting rope (311) being arranged between the rear piston (38) and the tension spring (310).

5. The deep disaster prevention and control system based on the synergistic regulation of deep geological energy according to claim 4, characterized in that, The compression spring (33) is connected to a spring limit switch (312) to change the effective working length of the compression spring (33).

6. The deep disaster prevention and control system based on the synergistic regulation of deep geological energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The deep anchoring energy transfer layer (1) also includes an energy dissipation anchor head located at the connection between the prestressed anchor cable (11) and the corrugated plate (21), and the energy dissipation anchor head is provided with a disc spring inside.

7. The deep disaster prevention and control system based on the synergistic regulation of deep geological energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The permeable fluid damper (45) is filled with ceramic filter media.

8. The deep disaster prevention and control system based on the synergistic regulation of deep geological energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diversion and drainage pipeline (46) includes a main diversion pipe, a branch diversion pipe, and a diversion pipe whose end is connected to a deep water storage layer or drainage space.

9. The deep disaster prevention and control system based on the synergistic regulation of deep geological energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent monitoring and control system includes stress sensors (51), temperature sensors (52) and water pressure sensors (53) installed in the surface energy absorption layer (2), the middle deformation energy conversion layer (3), the bottom water potential energy dissipation layer (4) and the deep anchoring energy transfer layer (1); it also includes a control terminal for receiving sensor data, calculating total energy density and identifying the dominant energy type, and outputting control commands based on the identification results.

10. A method for preventing and controlling deep disasters based on the deep geological energy synergistic regulation system as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The intelligent monitoring and control system monitors the stress state, temperature changes, and water pressure changes of each structural component in real time. The intelligent monitoring and control system coordinates the deformation energy, thermal energy, and water potential energy of the surrounding rock based on monitoring data, including: The energy-consuming and force-transmitting components in the middle deformation energy conversion layer (3) are adjusted to change the conversion efficiency of deformation energy to the axial tension of the anchor rod (32); The heat absorption process of the phase change material in the surface energy-absorbing layer (2) is regulated to change the heat absorption and storage efficiency. The switching valves (42) in the bottom water potential energy dissipation layer (4) are regulated to change the opening and closing states of the buffering, depressurization, damping dissipation and diversion of the surrounding rock water.

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