A pdc bit with anti balling function and a method of using the same

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of PDC drill bit with anti balling function and its use method, it is related to PDC drill bit technical field, including drill pipe, four drill edges are fixedly connected with annular array on drill pipe, multiple grinding heads are fixedly connected on each drill edge, anti balling assembly is arranged on drill pipe, anti balling assembly includes four annular array arranged cleaning components, cleaning component includes the curved rod being arranged on drill pipe, curved rod and drill edge are all set as L shape, the outer surface of drill edge is projected the outer surface of curved rod;Through the design of anti balling assembly, active cleaning component and deployable shielding layer are set to cooperate, through the oblique moving cleaning mechanism, separable arc plate and annular belt are driven to form dynamic shielding layer on the surface of drill pipe, effectively block the continuous deposition of solid water mixture in the stop gap to drill pipe and drill edge, solve the problem that drill lacks active isolation means when oil and gas drilling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of PDC drill bit technology, specifically to a PDC drill bit with anti-mud packing function and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] PDC drill bits, or polycrystalline diamond composite drill bits, are a new type of cutting drill bit formed by welding diamond composite sheets onto the drill bit body. Unlike traditional roller cone drill bits that break rocks through grinding and fracturing, PDC drill bits primarily break rocks through shearing, offering significant advantages such as high mechanical drilling speed and long service life. Therefore, they are widely used in oil and gas drilling, mining, and other fields.

[0003] However, PDC drill bits still face numerous technical challenges in practical applications. During drilling operations such as oil and gas drilling and mining, the solid-liquid mixture formed by rock fragments, mud, and drilling fluid easily deposits and coats the drill bit surface, forming mud bags. Mud bags prevent the PDC composite plates from effectively penetrating the formation, leading to a significant decrease in mechanical drilling speed. In addition, rock cuttings generated by drill bit breakage often get stuck in the gaps between the grinding bits, affecting normal rock breaking and accelerating grinding bit wear. When the drill bit is temporarily stopped during drilling, the solid-liquid mixture continues to deposit and coat the drill pipe and drill bit surfaces, further exacerbating the mud bag problem. Dealing with these problems often requires manual removal during tripping out of the drill string, which not only reduces the time efficiency of oil and gas drilling and mining but also significantly increases the cost and operational risks of oil and gas drilling and mining. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an improved solution that can actively remove and protect PDC drill bits during both drilling operations and pauses. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of cuttings jamming between grinding heads, mud buildup on the drill bit surface, and mud coating during drilling stoppages. To achieve the above objective, this invention adopts the following technical solution: A PDC drill bit with anti-mud coating function includes a drill rod with four drill edges fixedly connected in a ring array on the drill rod. Multiple grinding heads are fixedly connected to each drill edge. An anti-mud coating assembly is provided on the drill rod, comprising four cleaning components arranged in a ring array. Each cleaning component includes a curved rod disposed on the drill rod. Both the curved rod and the drill edge are L-shaped, with the outer surface of the drill edge protruding beyond the outer surface of the curved rod. The curved rod and the drill edge slide against each other, and the curved rod can move obliquely on the drill rod. The curved rod is closer to the drill edge... Multiple through slots are provided on one side, each corresponding to an insert rod. The end of the insert rod near the drill bit is set as a tip. The insert rod slides in conjunction with the through slot. The tip of the insert rod is used to pry up the deposits on the drill bit and grinding head. A spray groove is provided through the insert rod. The spray groove is used to remove the deposits on the drill bit and grinding head by spraying liquid. Each of the four curved rods is equipped with an arc plate. The four arc plates abut against each other to form a ring. The side of the arc plate near the drill bit is set as an inclined surface. The arc plate is hollow. An annular band is provided between the inner surface of the four arc plates and the drill rod. The four arc plates can move obliquely to separate and unfold. The arc plates and the annular band are used to form a shielding layer on the drill rod to prevent the mixture in the drilling environment from depositing and covering the drill rod and drill bit.

[0005] Furthermore, the cleaning component also includes a square tube groove on the drill rod, which is inclined. A groove is formed on the inner wall of the square tube groove near the drill bit, and the groove passes through the drill rod. A sliding block is slidably connected inside the square tube groove. A support rod is fixedly connected to the side of the sliding block near the groove. A tension spring is sleeved on the support rod, and the two ends of the tension spring are fixedly connected to the sliding block and the groove wall of the square tube groove near the groove, respectively. A support block is fixedly connected to the end of the support rod that extends out of the groove. A liquid tank is formed on the support rod and the sliding block. A water storage tank is formed on the support block and is connected to the liquid tank. A curved rod is fixedly connected to the end of the water storage tank near the drill bit. A water guide plate is fixedly connected to the support block, and the water guide plate connects the interior of the water storage tank and the curved rod.

[0006] Furthermore, two guide rods are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the curved rod, and a push plate is slidably connected inside the curved rod. The push plate is slidably connected to both guide rods. Each of the two guide rods is fitted with a tension spring II. The two ends of the tension spring II are fixedly connected to the push plate and the inner wall of the curved rod, respectively. A bellows is fixedly connected between the push plate and the inner wall of the curved rod near the water guide plate. Multiple insert rods are slidably connected to the push plate. Each insert rod has a stop plate fixedly connected to the end away from the through groove. Each stop plate has a stop ring fixedly connected to the side away from the insert rod. The spray groove on each insert rod passes through the corresponding stop plate. Each insert rod is fitted with a tension spring III. The two ends of the tension spring III are fixedly connected to the push plate and the inner wall of the curved rod away from the through groove, respectively. The connecting plate is fixedly connected to the side of the support block away from the curved rod. The arc plate is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting plate away from the support block.

[0007] Furthermore, the anti-mud bag assembly also includes a water passage groove opened on the drill pipe. The water passage groove is internally connected to four square tube grooves. The water passage groove is located on the side of the square tube groove away from the slide groove and is connected to an external liquid supply pipeline.

[0008] Furthermore, the sliding block fits tightly with the inner wall of the square tube groove, and the sliding groove fits tightly with the support rod.

[0009] Furthermore, the insert and the sidewall of the drill bit are pressed together.

[0010] A method for using a PDC drill bit with anti-mud-packing function includes the following steps: Step 1: During normal drilling, the anti-mud bag assembly is in a retracted state, and the curved rod and arc plate are attached to the surface of the drill rod, without interfering with the normal operation of the drill bit; Step 2: When the drill bit stops running, high-pressure drilling fluid is supplied into the square tube groove through the water channel, which pushes the sliding block and support rod to move obliquely, thereby causing the curved rod to extend obliquely in the direction of the drill edge; Step 3: During the oblique movement of the curved rod, the insertion rod breaks away from the resistance and constraint of the drill bit side wall and pops out of the through groove under the action of elastic force. Its tip pierces the gap between the grinding heads and pushes away the stuck gravel. Step 4: After the insertion rod extends to the designated position, the spray groove automatically connects with the liquid path, spraying high-speed water jets onto the drill bit and grinding head surface for precise rinsing; at the same time, the arc plate separates and unfolds obliquely, causing the annular belt to extend and form a shielding layer.

[0011] Further, in step five: after the drilling fluid supply is stopped, all elastic elements reset, pulling the sliding block, crank rod, insert rod and arc plate to retract synchronously back to their positions, the anti-mud packing assembly returns to its stored state, and the drill bit can resume normal drilling operations.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: Traditional PDC drill bits rely solely on the drilling fluid flow field to passively prevent mud buildup. Once the drill bit is paused or enters a viscous formation, the passive scouring effect drops sharply.

[0013] By designing the anti-mud packing component, an active cleaning component and an expandable shielding layer are set up to work together. The obliquely moving cleaning mechanism drives the separable and expandable arc plate and annular belt to form a dynamic shielding layer on the drill pipe surface, which effectively blocks the continuous deposition of solid-water mixture on the drill pipe and drill edge during the drilling stop interval. This solves the problem of the lack of active isolation means for the drill bit during the slow stop phase in oil and gas drilling.

[0014] Existing technology is insufficient to handle hard rock chips that have become stuck in the gaps between the grinding heads. Forcing drilling will exacerbate abnormal wear and even breakage of the grinding heads.

[0015] By designing the anti-mud packing component, the multi-point distributed pointed inserts carry elastic potential energy when extended, precisely piercing the gap between the grinding heads. This effectively weds into the contact interface between the crushed stone and the grinding head, breaking the stuck state and pushing the stubborn crushed stone away from the narrow gap. This solves the problem that conventional water flushing cannot shake the physically stuck crushed stone, ensuring the stability of the PDC drill bit in oil and gas drilling operations.

[0016] By designing the anti-mud packing component, during the same working stroke of the drill bit, the tip is used to physically pry up the crushed stone. After the drill bit is moved to the designated position, the spray channel automatically connects with the high-pressure hydraulic circuit to spray high-speed water jets onto the working face of the PDC drill bit. Through the combined action of mechanical prying and high-pressure water jet flushing, a deep coupling of physical impact and hydraulic scouring is achieved, solving the problem of incomplete removal of deposits from PDC drill bits during oil and gas drilling.

[0017] The design of the anti-mud-packing component effectively reduces the carbon emission intensity of oil and gas drilling operations. On one hand, it proactively removes deposits and forms a protective shield during PDC (Pulse Controlled Drilling) bit downtime, allowing the PDC bit to quickly reach its designed cutting efficiency upon resumption of drilling. This avoids additional torque consumption and ineffective power input caused by mud packing or cuttings jamming, significantly reducing energy consumption per unit of drilling footage. On the other hand, because the anti-mud-packing component promptly removes deposits and jammed cuttings from the PDC bit's working face during operational breaks, it effectively prevents the continuous deterioration of mud packing, thus avoiding forced tripping mid-operation. This reduces the frequency of tripping in and out of the well and the associated high-power equipment operation time, thereby lowering the overall energy consumption and exhaust emissions of drilling operations. This provides energy-saving and carbon-reducing assurance for PDC bit-based oil and gas drilling operations. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the drill rod and drill bit of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the drill bit and the curved rod in this invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the drill rod and the curved rod of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the curved rod and support block of the present invention; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the guide rod and insertion rod of the present invention; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged view of point C in the middle; Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 Enlarged view of point D; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the curved rod and the arc plate of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the water channel and the square tube channel of the present invention.

[0019] In the picture: 11. Drill rod; 12. Drill bit; 13. Grinding head; 21. Water channel; 22. Square tube channel; 23. Slide groove; 24. Sliding block; 25. Support rod; 26. Tension spring one; 27. Support block; 28. Liquid tank; 29. ​​Water storage tank; 210. Curved rod; 211. Water guide plate; 212. Guide rod; 213. Push plate; 214. Tension spring two; 215. Corrugated pipe; 216. Insert rod; 217. Abutment plate; 218. Abutment ring; 219. Spray channel; 220. Tension spring three; 221. Through groove; 222. Connecting plate; 223. Arc plate; 224. Annular belt. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided below. Example 1:

[0021] Reference Figures 1 to 11 As shown, a PDC drill bit with anti-mud packing function and its usage method include a drill rod 11, on which four drill ridges 12 are fixedly connected in a ring array, and multiple grinding heads 13 are fixedly connected to each drill ridge 12. The drill pipe 11 is equipped with an anti-mud bag assembly, which includes four cleaning components arranged in a circular array. Each cleaning component includes a curved rod 210 mounted on the drill pipe 11. Both the curved rod 210 and the drill bit 12 are L-shaped. The outer surface of the drill bit 12 protrudes beyond the outer surface of the curved rod 210. The curved rod 210 and the drill bit 12 are in a sliding contact engagement. The curved rod 210 can move obliquely on the drill pipe 11. Multiple through slots 221 are formed on the side of the curved rod 210 near the drill bit 12. Each through slot 221 corresponds to an insert rod 216. The end of the insert rod 216 near the drill bit 12 is a pointed tip. The insert rod 216 slides in contact with the through slot 221, and the pointed tip of the insert rod 216 is used to lift the drill bit 12. 2. To remove the deposits on the drill bit 12 and the grinding head 13, a spray groove 219 is provided through the insertion rod 216. The spray groove 219 is used to remove the deposits on the drill bit 12 and the grinding head 13 by spraying liquid. Each of the four curved rods 210 is provided with an arc plate 223. The four arc plates 223 abut against each other to form a ring. The side of the arc plate 223 near the drill bit 12 is set as an inclined surface. The arc plate 223 is set as hollow. An annular belt 224 is provided between the inner surface of the four arc plates 223 and the drill rod 11. The four arc plates 223 can move obliquely to separate and unfold. The arc plates 223 and the annular belt 224 are used to form a shielding layer on the drill rod 11 to prevent the mixture in the drilling environment from depositing and wrapping the drill rod 11 and the drill bit 12.

[0022] The cleaning component also includes a square tube groove 22 formed on the drill rod 11. The square tube groove 22 is inclined on the drill rod 11. A sliding groove 23 is formed on the inner wall of the square tube groove 22 near the drill edge 12. The sliding groove 23 passes through the drill rod 11. A sliding block 24 is slidably connected inside the square tube groove 22. A support rod 25 is fixedly connected to the side of the sliding block 24 near the sliding groove 23. A tension spring 26 is sleeved on the support rod 25. The two ends of the tension spring 26 are respectively close to the sliding block 24 and the square tube groove 22. The support rod 25 is fixedly connected to the wall of the groove 23 on one side. The end of the support rod 25 that extends out of the groove 23 is fixedly connected to the support block 27. The support rod 25 and the sliding block 24 are jointly provided with a liquid groove 28. The support block 27 is provided with a water storage groove 29. The water storage groove 29 is connected to the liquid groove 28. The curved rod 210 is fixedly connected to the end of the water storage groove 29 near the drill bit 12. The support block 27 is fixedly connected with a water guide plate 211. The water guide plate 211 connects the interior of the water storage groove 29 and the curved rod 210.

[0023] Two guide rods 212 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the crank rod 210. A push plate 213 is slidably connected inside the crank rod 210. The push plate 213 is slidably connected to both guide rods 212. A tension spring 214 is sleeved on each of the two guide rods 212. The two ends of the tension spring 214 are fixedly connected to the push plate 213 and the inner wall of the crank rod 210, respectively. A bellows 215 is fixedly connected between the push plate 213 and the inner wall of the crank rod 210 near the water guide plate 211. Multiple insert rods 216 are slidably connected to the push plate 213. Each insert rod 216 has an end away from the through groove 221. A fixed connection is provided with a stop plate 217. Each stop plate 217 is fixedly connected to a stop ring 218 on the side away from the insertion rod 216. The spray groove 219 on each insertion rod 216 passes through the corresponding stop plate 217. Each insertion rod 216 is fitted with a tension spring 220. The two ends of the tension spring 220 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the push plate 213 and the side of the curved rod 210 away from the through groove 221, respectively. The connecting plate 222 is fixedly connected to the side of the support block 27 away from the curved rod 210. The arc plate 223 is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting plate 222 away from the support block 27.

[0024] The anti-mud bag assembly also includes a water passage groove 21 opened on the drill rod 11. The water passage groove 21 is internally connected to the four square tube grooves 22. The water passage groove 21 is located on the side of the square tube groove 22 away from the slide groove 23. The water passage groove 21 is connected to an external liquid supply pipeline.

[0025] The drill rod 11, drill bit 12, and grinding head 13 constitute the PDC drill bit in the prior art, which will not be described in detail here.

[0026] Wherein: the sliding block 24 is tightly fitted with the inner wall of the square tube groove 22, forming a relationship similar to that between a piston and a piston cylinder in the prior art, the function of which is to ensure that the water flow can push the sliding block 24 to slide in the square tube groove 22.

[0027] Among them, the slide groove 23 and the support rod 25 are closely matched, and their function is to prevent impurities from entering the drill rod 11 during the operation of the PDC drill bit.

[0028] Where: Reference Figure 1 As shown, the crank 210 is closer to the drill rod 11 than the drill bit 12. There is a gap between the outer surface of the crank 210 and the surface of the drill bit 12 where the grinding head 13 is mounted. The purpose of this gap is to keep the initial position of the crank 210 away from the grinding surface of the PDC drill bit, thereby preventing the crank 210 from directly contacting the current drilling working surface and effectively reducing the wear and damage of the crank 210.

[0029] The function of the water guide plate 211 is to guide the liquid in the water channel 21 into the corrugated pipe 215 and push the corrugated pipe 215 to expand.

[0030] Among them, the guide rod 212 is used to guide the movement of the push plate 213.

[0031] Among them, the insert rod 216 is pressed against the side wall of the drill bit 12.

[0032] It should be noted that each insert rod 216 can be extended or retracted independently, but all insert rods 216 within a single crank rod 210 can be synchronously retracted into the crank rod 210 by the movement drive of the push plate 213.

[0033] The function of the retaining ring 218 is to maintain the internal airtightness of the bellows 215 during the expansion stage of the bellows 215, that is, to prevent the communication between the spray groove 219 and the insert rod 216.

[0034] It should be noted that: due to the harsh operating environment of PDC drill bits, which consist of a solid-water mixture formed by rock fragments, mud, sand, and drilling fluid, the structures of the anti-mud bag assembly exposed to the outside of the drill pipe 11 are all made of high-strength wear-resistant alloy material.

[0035] Furthermore, the annular belt 224 is made of rubber. Since the annular belt 224 needs to be unfolded during use to form a shielding layer to prevent sedimentation, and the rubber material of the annular belt 224 itself will wear down with use in a solid-water mixture environment, the annular belt 224 is designed to be detachable from the drill rod 11 and the arc plate 223, so that the annular belt 224 can be replaced when it wears down.

[0036] In the initial state, i.e. during the PDC drill bit excavation process or when the PDC drill bit is not in use, there is no need for mud bag removal or clearing of stuck debris. At this time, the structural states of the mud bag assembly are as follows: The sliding block 24 is located on the side of the square tube groove 22 near the water passage groove 21. The support rod 25 does not extend outward from the sliding groove 23. The tension spring 26 does not undergo elastic deformation. The curved rod 210 and the drill rod 11 are in contact and pressed against each other. The four arc plates 223 are in contact and form a ring. The arc plates 223 are in contact and pressed against the drill rod 11. The ring band 224 is completely retracted into the arc plate 223. The ring band 224 does not undergo elastic deformation. The push plate 213 is located on the side of the guide rod 212 and the insert rod 216 near the water guide plate 211. The tension spring 214 has not yet undergone elastic deformation. The bellows 215 is completely contracted. The abutment ring 218 is in contact and pressed against the inner wall of the curved rod 210 near the water guide plate 211. The tension spring 220 does not undergo elastic deformation. The insert rod 216 does not extend outward from the passage groove 221. The tip of the insert rod 216 is in contact and pressed against the side wall of the drill ridge 12.

[0037] During the operation of the anti-mud-packing component, which is the slow-stop phase of the PDC drill bit's excavation process, the PDC drill bit temporarily stops operating. This requires cleaning the PDC drill bit of its adhering components. Specifically, this involves removing adhering components from the drill bit 12 and grinding head 13, removing any debris stuck between the grinding head 13, and preventing the accumulation of sediment that coats the drill bit 12 and grinding head 13 during the shutdown period. The anti-mud-packing component operates as follows: At this time, the PDC drill bit temporarily stops operating, the drill pipe 11 stops rotating, and the external pipeline supplies drilling fluid at high speed to the water channel 21. As the fluid continues to be supplied, the fluid gradually fills the water channel 21 and flows into the square tube groove 22. As the fluid flows into the square tube groove 22, it pushes the sliding block 24 to move, causing the sliding block 24 to slide in the direction of the sliding groove 23 in the square tube groove 22. The sliding block 24 drives the support rod 25 to move away from the water channel 21, causing the tension spring 26 to undergo elastic deformation. The support rod 25 passes through the sliding groove 23. While the support rod 25 slides, it pushes the crank rod 210 to move synchronously through the support block 27, causing the crank rod 210 to move obliquely on the drill pipe 11.

[0038] The liquid in the water channel 21, besides pushing the sliding block 24 to move, also flows into the liquid channel 28 and into the water storage tank 29. As the water storage tank 29 fills up, the liquid flows through the guide plate 211 into the crank 210, specifically into the bellows 215 inside the crank 210. The liquid flowing into the bellows 215 causes it to gradually expand, thus pushing the push plate 213 to slide away from the guide plate 211 within the crank 210. At the same time, the push plate 213 slides on the guide rod 212, causing the tension spring 214 to undergo elastic deformation.

[0039] During the movement of the push plate 213, the insertion rod 216 is pressed against the side wall of the drill rod 11. The insertion rod 216 cannot move synchronously with the push plate 213, so the push plate 213 slides on the insertion rod 216. The push plate 213 pulls the tension spring 220 to produce elastic deformation. During this process, the abutment ring 218 is in contact with the inner wall of the crank rod 210. At this time, the spray groove 219 has not yet been connected to the inside of the bellows 215.

[0040] As the crank 210 moves obliquely, when the crank 210 moves to the position where the insertion rod 216 is flush with the outer surface of the drill bit 12, that is, when the insertion rod 216 no longer abuts against the outer surface of the drill bit 12, under the elastic reset action of the tension spring 220, the tension spring 220 pulls the insertion rod 216 towards the push plate 213, so that the insertion rod 216 slides on the push plate 213 towards the through groove 221, at which point the insertion rod 216 passes out of the through groove 221. As the insertion rod 216 is inserted, it slides on the outer surface of the drill bit 12. Multiple insertion rods 216 either abut against the grinding head 13 or pierce into the gap between the grinding heads 13. The insertion rod 216 is moved by the elastic pull of the tension spring 220. The insertion rod 216 carries a certain amount of kinetic potential energy. When the insertion rod 216 pierces into the gap between the grinding heads 13, if there is gravel stuck in the gap, the tip of the insertion rod 216 will pierce between the grinding head 13 and the gravel, releasing the stuck state between the grinding head 13 and the gravel, and pushing the gravel away from the grinding head 13.

[0041] As the insert rod 216 moves within the crank 210, the abutment ring 218 no longer contacts the inner wall of the crank 210, thus exposing the spray groove 219 within the bellows 215. This means the spray groove 219 and the bellows 215 are now connected. The liquid filling the bellows 215 is then diverted to the spray groove 219 on each insert rod 216 and ultimately ejected from the tip of the insert rod 216. Since the tip of the insert rod 216 is now positioned between the outer surface of the drill bit 12 and the grinding head 13, the insert rod 216 sprays a high-speed water stream through the spray groove 219 onto the outer surface of the drill bit 12 and the grinding head 13. This precisely flushes the parts of the PDC drill bit that directly participate in drilling, preventing the mixture from encapsulating the PDC drill bit.

[0042] In summary: It can simultaneously remove rock fragments and flush the mixture from PDC drill bits.

[0043] It should be noted that the high-speed water flow comes from the increased liquid flow rate caused by the reduced diameter of the spray channel 219, as well as the initial flow rate of the liquid entering the water channel 21.

[0044] It should be noted that when the insert rod 216 extends, the bellows 215 is fully expanded, the support rod 25 extends to its maximum stroke, and high-speed water continues to flow in. Therefore, even if some water is sprayed from the spray channel 219 to the outside of the overall passage, the oblique extension state of the crank rod 210 and the elastic deformation state of the tension spring 214 will not change.

[0045] As the support block 27 drives the curved rod 210 to extend obliquely, the support block 27 drives the arc plate 223 to move synchronously through the connecting plate 222. That is, the four arc plates 223 move obliquely towards the drill bit 12 synchronously with the corresponding curved rod 210. At this time, the four arc plates 223 separate, and each of the four arc plates 223 drives one side of the annular belt 224 to move synchronously, so that the annular belt 224 is pulled obliquely in four directions at the same time. At this time, the annular belt 224 is stretched and elastically deformed. The stretched annular belt 224 completely covers the four drill bits 12, thereby separating the position of the drill bit 12 on the drill rod 11 from the upper solid-liquid mixture of the drilling environment, thereby preventing the solid-liquid mixture from depositing and forming mud when the PDC drill bit stops operating.

[0046] When the PDC drill bit needs to resume operation and restart drilling, the anti-mud pack assembly needs to be restored to its initial state so that the structure of the anti-mud pack assembly exposed outside the drill pipe 11 does not interfere with the normal operation of the PDC drill bit, as detailed below: At this time, the external pipeline stops supplying liquid to the water channel 21. The sliding block 24 is no longer impacted by the water flow. Under the elastic reset action of the tension spring 26, the tension spring 26 pushes the sliding block 24 to slide towards the end of the water channel 21 in the square tube groove 22. The sliding block 24 drives the support rod 25 to move synchronously, so that the support rod 25 slides towards the water channel 21 in the sliding groove 23. At this time, the support rod 25 is retracted into the sliding groove 23. The support rod 25 drives the curved rod 210 to move obliquely towards the drill rod 11, so that the curved rod 210 abuts against the drill rod 11. The curved rod 210 completes the reset at this time.

[0047] During the reset process of the crank 210, water flow ceases to be injected into the bellows 215. Consequently, under the elastic reset action of the tension spring 214, the tension spring 214 pulls the push plate 213 to move towards the side closer to the guide plate 211, causing the push plate 213 to slide within the crank 210 and on the guide rod 212. As the push plate 213 moves, it causes the insert rod 216 to retract into the crank 210, causing the abutment ring 218 to abut against the inner wall of the crank 210 near the guide plate 211. At this point, the insert rod 216 no longer extends out of the crank 210, thus preventing the insert rod 216 from interfering with the reset of the crank 210.

[0048] As the crank rod 210 resets, it simultaneously moves the arc plates 223 back to their original positions. Under the elastic reset action of the annular belt 224, the four arc plates 223 re-form a ring, abutting against each other. The arc plates 223 then re-engage with the drill rod 11, and the annular belt 224 is completely retracted between the four arc plates 223 and the drill rod 11. At this point, the anti-mud bag assembly is fully reset.

[0049] It should be noted that after the anti-mud bag assembly is reset, the PDC drill bit resumes drilling. Since the side of the arc plate 223 near the drill edge 12 is set as an inclined surface, it plays a guiding role, preventing the gravel and sand dug out by the PDC drill bit from directly impacting the arc plate 223. At the same time, the inclined surface guides the gravel and sand to avoid being blocked by the arc plate 223. The inclined surface can guide the gravel and sand to move and be discharged.

[0050] In summary, the following beneficial effects can be achieved through the design of the anti-mud bag component: Traditional PDC drill bits rely solely on the drilling fluid flow field to passively prevent mud buildup. Once the drill bit is paused or enters a viscous formation, the passive scouring effect drops sharply.

[0051] By designing the anti-mud packing component, an active cleaning component and an expandable shielding layer are set up to work together. The obliquely moving cleaning mechanism drives the separable and expandable arc plate 223 and annular belt 224 to form a dynamic shielding layer on the surface of drill pipe 11. This effectively blocks the continuous deposition of solid-water mixture on drill pipe 11 and drill edge 12 during the drilling stop interval, solving the problem of lack of active isolation means during the slow stop phase of oil and gas drilling.

[0052] Existing technology is insufficient to handle hard rock chips that have become stuck in the gaps between the grinding heads 13. Forcing drilling will exacerbate abnormal wear or even breakage of the grinding heads 13.

[0053] By designing the anti-mud packing component, the multi-point distributed pointed insert 216 carries elastic potential energy when extended, accurately piercing the gap between the grinding heads 13. It can effectively wed into the contact interface between the crushed stone and the grinding head 13, breaking the stuck state and pushing the stubborn crushed stone away from the narrow gap. This solves the problem that conventional water flushing cannot shake the physically stuck crushed stone, ensuring the stability of the PDC drill bit in oil and gas drilling operations.

[0054] Through the design of the anti-mud packing component, during the same working stroke of the insert rod 216, the tip is first used to physically pry up the crushed stone. After the insert rod 216 is moved to the designated position, the spray groove 219 automatically connects with the high-pressure hydraulic circuit and sprays high-speed water jets onto the working face of the PDC drill bit. Through the combined action of mechanical prying and high-pressure water jet flushing, a deep coupling of physical impact and hydraulic scouring is achieved, solving the problem of incomplete removal of deposits from the PDC drill bit during oil and gas drilling.

[0055] The design of the anti-mud-packing component effectively reduces the carbon emission intensity of oil and gas drilling operations. On one hand, it proactively removes deposits and forms a protective shield during PDC (Pulse Controlled Drilling) bit downtime, allowing the PDC bit to quickly reach its designed cutting efficiency upon resumption of drilling. This avoids additional torque consumption and ineffective power input caused by mud packing or cuttings jamming, significantly reducing energy consumption per unit of drilling footage. On the other hand, because the anti-mud-packing component promptly removes deposits and jammed cuttings from the PDC bit's working face during operational breaks, it effectively prevents the continuous deterioration of mud packing, thus avoiding forced tripping mid-operation. This reduces the frequency of tripping in and out of the well and the associated high-power equipment operation time, thereby lowering the overall energy consumption and exhaust emissions of drilling operations. This provides energy-saving and carbon-reducing assurance for PDC bit-based oil and gas drilling operations. Example 2:

[0056] A method for using a PDC drill bit with anti-mud-packing function includes the following steps: Step 1: During normal drilling, the anti-mud bag assembly is in a retracted state, and the curved rod 210 and the arc plate 223 are attached to the surface of the drill rod 11 without interfering with the normal operation of the drill bit; Step 2: When the drill bit stops running, high-pressure drilling fluid is supplied to the square tube groove 22 through the water channel 21, which pushes the sliding block 24 and the support rod 25 to move obliquely, thereby driving the curved rod 210 to extend obliquely in the direction of the drill edge 12. Step 3: During the oblique movement of the crank 210, the insert rod 216 breaks away from the resistance constraint of the side wall of the drill bit 12 and pops out of the through groove 221 under the action of elastic force. Its tip pierces the gap between the grinding heads 13 and pushes away the stuck gravel. Step 4: After the insertion rod 216 extends to the designated position, the spray groove 219 automatically connects with the liquid path and sprays high-speed water jets onto the surfaces of the drill bit 12 and the grinding head 13 for precise rinsing; at the same time, the arc plate 223 separates and unfolds obliquely, driving the annular belt 224 to extend and form a shielding layer.

[0057] Step 5: After the drilling fluid supply is stopped, all elastic elements reset, and the sliding plug 24, crank rod 210, insertion rod 216 and arc plate 223 are pulled back to their original positions in a synchronized manner. The anti-mud packing assembly returns to its stored state, and the drill bit can resume normal drilling operations.

[0058] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A PDC drill bit with anti-mud-packing function, comprising a drill rod (11), four drill ridges (12) fixedly connected in a ring array on the drill rod (11), and multiple grinding heads (13) fixedly connected to each drill ridge (12), characterized in that: A mud-blocking assembly is provided on the drill rod (11). The mud-blocking assembly includes four cleaning components arranged in a circular array. Each cleaning component includes a curved rod (210) on the drill rod (11). Both the curved rod (210) and the drill bit (12) are L-shaped. The outer surface of the drill bit (12) protrudes from the outer surface of the curved rod (210). The curved rod (210) and the drill bit (12) slide against each other. The curved rod (210) can move obliquely on the drill rod (11). Multiple through slots (221) are provided on the side of the curved rod (210) near the drill bit (12). Each through slot (221) corresponds to a plug (216). The end of the plug (216) near the drill bit (12) is set as a pointed tip. The plug (216) slides with the through slot (221). The pointed tip of the plug (216) is used to lift the drill bit (12). 2) To remove the deposits on the grinding head (13), a spray groove (219) is provided through the insertion rod (216). The spray groove (219) is used to remove the deposits on the drill bit (12) and the grinding head (13) by spraying liquid. Each of the four curved rods (210) is provided with an arc plate (223). The four arc plates (223) abut against each other to form a ring. The side of the arc plate (223) near the drill bit (12) is set as an inclined surface. The arc plate (223) is set as hollow. The inner surface of the four arc plates (223) and the drill rod (11) are provided with a ring belt (224). The four arc plates (223) can move obliquely to separate and unfold. The arc plates (223) and the ring belt (224) are used to form a shielding layer on the drill rod (11) to prevent the mixture in the drilling environment from depositing and wrapping the drill rod (11) and the drill bit (12).

2. A PDC drill bit with anti-mud-packing function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning component also includes a square tube groove (22) formed on the drill rod (11). The square tube groove (22) is inclined on the drill rod (11). A sliding groove (23) is formed on the inner wall of the square tube groove (22) near the drill edge (12). The sliding groove (23) passes through the drill rod (11). A sliding block (24) is slidably connected inside the square tube groove (22). A support rod (25) is fixedly connected to the side of the sliding block (24) near the sliding groove (23). A tension spring (26) is sleeved on the support rod (25). The two ends of the tension spring (26) are respectively close to the sliding block (24) and the square tube groove (22). The support rod (25) is fixedly connected to the wall of the groove (23) on one side. The end of the support rod (25) that passes through the groove (23) is fixedly connected to the support block (27). The support rod (25) and the sliding block (24) are jointly provided with a liquid tank (28). The support block (27) is provided with a water storage tank (29). The water storage tank (29) is connected to the liquid tank (28). The curved rod (210) is fixedly connected to the end of the water storage tank (29) near the drill bit (12). The support block (27) is fixedly connected with a water guide plate (211). The water guide plate (211) connects the water storage tank (29) and the interior of the curved rod (210).

3. A PDC drill bit with anti-mud-packing function according to claim 2, characterized in that: Two guide rods (212) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the crank rod (210). A push plate (213) is slidably connected inside the crank rod (210). The push plate (213) is slidably connected to both guide rods (212). A tension spring (214) is sleeved on each of the two guide rods (212). The two ends of the tension spring (214) are fixedly connected to the push plate (213) and the inner wall of the crank rod (210) respectively. A bellows (215) is fixedly connected between the push plate (213) and the inner wall of the crank rod (210) near the water guide plate (211). Multiple insert rods (216) are slidably connected to the push plate (213). Each insert rod (216) has one end away from the through groove (221). A fixed connection is provided with a stop plate (217). Each stop plate (217) is fixedly connected to a stop ring (218) on the side away from the insert rod (216). The spray groove (219) on each insert rod (216) passes through the corresponding stop plate (217). Each insert rod (216) is fitted with a tension spring three (220). The two ends of the tension spring three (220) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the push plate (213) and the crank rod (210) on the side away from the through groove (221), respectively. The connecting plate (222) is fixedly connected to the side of the support block (27) away from the crank rod (210). The arc plate (223) is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting plate (222) away from the support block (27).

4. A PDC drill bit with anti-mud-packing function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-mud bag assembly also includes a water channel (21) opened on the drill rod (11). The water channel (21) is internally connected to the four square tube grooves (22). The water channel (21) is located on the side of the square tube groove (22) away from the slide groove (23). The water channel (21) is connected to an external liquid supply pipeline.

5. A PDC drill bit with anti-mud-packing function according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sliding block (24) fits tightly with the inner wall of the square tube groove (22), and the sliding groove (23) fits tightly with the support rod (25).

6. A PDC drill bit with anti-mud-packing function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insert (216) and the drill bit (12) are pressed together by the sidewall.

7. A method for using a PDC drill bit with anti-mud-packing function, characterized in that: The application of a PDC drill bit with anti-mud-packing function as described in claim 6 includes the following steps: Step 1: During normal drilling, the anti-mud bag assembly is in a retracted state, and the curved rod (210) and arc plate (223) are attached to the surface of the drill rod (11) without interfering with the normal operation of the drill bit; Step 2: When the drill bit stops running, high-pressure drilling fluid is supplied to the square tube groove (22) through the water channel (21), which pushes the sliding block (24) and the support rod (25) to move obliquely, thereby driving the curved rod (210) to extend obliquely in the direction of the drill edge (12); Step 3: During the oblique movement of the crank rod (210), the insert rod (216) breaks away from the resistance constraint of the side wall of the drill bit (12) and pops out of the through groove (221) under the action of elastic force. Its tip pierces the gap between the grinding heads (13) and pushes away the stuck gravel. Step 4: After the insertion rod (216) extends to the designated position, the spray groove (219) automatically connects with the liquid path and sprays high-speed water flow onto the surface of the drill bit (12) and the grinding head (13) for precise rinsing; at the same time, the arc plate (223) separates and unfolds obliquely, driving the annular belt (224) to extend and form a shielding layer.

8. A method for using a PDC drill bit with anti-mud-packing function according to claim 7, characterized in that: Step 5: After the drilling fluid supply is stopped, all elastic elements are reset, and the sliding plug (24), crank rod (210), insertion rod (216) and arc plate (223) are pulled back to their original positions in a synchronized manner. The anti-mud packing assembly is restored to its stored state, and the drill bit can resume normal drilling operations.

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