Bench blasting pre-row hole burden volume equalization layout method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a step blasting front row hole burden volume balanced layout method and system, relates to the technical field of three-dimensional burden volume calculation, and comprises the following steps: acquiring a slope top line, a slope bottom line, a slope surface elevation point and blasting constraints, and constructing a three-dimensional slope surface model participating in free surface cutting; determining a hole layout area, a free surface boundary and a front row hole search range according to the three-dimensional slope surface model, a safety boundary and a hole network constraint; matching platform width and hole network parameters in the front row hole search range to generate a front row blast hole initial hole position sequence; taking each front row blast hole mouth coordinate as a reference, cutting a free surface, an adjacent hole boundary surface, an inter-row boundary surface and upper and lower boundaries to form a closed three-dimensional burden volume unit; calculating the single-hole burden volume of each closed three-dimensional burden volume unit, and comparing the single-hole burden volume with a target burden volume to obtain a volume deviation; and adjusting the front row blast hole position according to the volume deviation, and outputting a layout result when the hole distance, the resistance line, the safety boundary and the construction offset constraint are satisfied.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of three-dimensional load volume calculation technology, specifically to a method and system for balanced layout of load volume of boreholes before step blasting. Background Technology

[0002] In open-pit mines, quarries, and large-scale earthmoving projects, bench blasting typically requires determining borehole network parameters based on bench height, platform width, rock mass conditions, borehole diameter, and charge structure, with particular emphasis on controlling the position of the leading row of boreholes. With the development of UAV aerial surveying, 3D laser scanning, total station measurement, and digital blasting design technologies, blasting design has gradually shifted from two-dimensional planar borehole layout to design assisted by 3D topographic data. Current technologies allow designers to create bench models using slope crest lines, slope bottom lines, platform boundaries, and topographic point clouds, and then generate borehole layout schemes by combining borehole spacing, row spacing, leading row resistance lines, and safety distances. Some methods can also verify borehole positions, depths, charge quantities, and boundary safety distances, thereby improving the data-driven nature of blasting design.

[0003] However, in the layout of the front row of boreholes, existing methods still rely heavily on planar borehole spacing, design resistance lines, or empirical corrections to control the load range, lacking direct calculation of the actual rock mass volume borne by a single borehole under irregular free surface conditions. The slope facing the front row of boreholes often has local depressions, protrusions, bends, and elevation changes; the same borehole spacing or the same planar resistance line does not necessarily correspond to the same three-dimensional load volume. If only the borehole spacing is kept uniform on the two-dimensional map, there may still be cases where the load volume of the front row of boreholes is too large or too small in some areas. Although existing three-dimensional modeling methods can display the actual slope, the three-dimensional slope is often used as a design background or a basis for borehole depth verification, without further integrating it with the interfaces between adjacent boreholes, the interfaces between rows, and the top and bottom boundaries of the steps to form a closed load volume unit for a single borehole. Therefore, borehole position adjustments mostly remain at the level of boundary correction, borehole spacing smoothing, or safety distance verification, lacking a borehole position iterative adjustment mechanism with the deviation of the three-dimensional load volume of a single borehole as feedback. When platform width varies, free surface is irregular, and safety boundary restrictions coexist, traditional hole layout methods have difficulty simultaneously taking into account the workability of hole positions, the rationality of the front row resistance line, and the balanced load volume of a single hole, resulting in unstable factors in the degree of front row blasting fragmentation, throwing direction, and boundary control. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the technical problem solved by this invention is that the existing method for laying out front-row boreholes in bench blasting mainly relies on planar borehole spacing and empirical resistance lines, which makes it difficult to reflect the influence of irregular free surfaces on the actual load volume of a single borehole. The three-dimensional slope model is mostly used for display or borehole depth verification, and does not enclose the actual free surface, the interface between adjacent boreholes, the interface between rows, and the upper and lower boundaries into a closed three-dimensional load volume unit for a single borehole. The borehole position adjustment lacks a constraint iteration mechanism with the deviation of the load volume of a single borehole as feedback. The problem also lies in how to achieve a balanced layout of the load volume of the front-row blast holes under the constraints of borehole spacing, front-row resistance lines, safety boundaries, and construction offset.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides the following technical solution: a method for balancing the load volume of boreholes before bench blasting, comprising: acquiring the slope top line, slope bottom line, slope elevation points, and blasting constraints; constructing a three-dimensional slope model participating in free surface trimming; determining the area where boreholes can be placed, the free surface boundary, and the search range of the front row of boreholes based on the three-dimensional slope model, safety boundaries, and borehole network constraints; matching the platform width and borehole network parameters within the search range of the front row of boreholes to generate an initial borehole position sequence for the front row; using the borehole opening coordinates of each front row of boreholes as a reference, trimming the free surface, adjacent borehole interfaces, inter-row interfaces, and upper and lower boundaries to form closed three-dimensional load volume units; calculating the single-hole load volume of each closed three-dimensional load volume unit and comparing it with the target load volume to obtain the volume deviation; adjusting the borehole positions of the front row of boreholes according to the volume deviation, and outputting the layout results when the borehole spacing, resistance line, safety boundary, and construction offset constraints are satisfied.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the pre-blasting borehole load-balanced layout method of the present invention, the construction of the three-dimensional slope model participating in the free surface trimming includes: collecting the top line, bottom line, slope elevation points, platform boundaries, and blasting constraints of the area to be blasted, and unifying them to the same engineering coordinate system; removing outliers, merging duplicate points, and smoothing the slope elevation points to ensure spatial continuity between the slope elevation points and the top and bottom lines; generating triangular mesh free surfaces based on the processed top line, bottom line, and slope elevation points, and recording the vertex coordinates and adjacency relationships of the facets; and writing the triangular mesh free surfaces, the top boundary, and the bottom boundary into the three-dimensional slope model.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the method for balancing the load volume of boreholes before blasting in the stepped section according to the present invention, the determination of the borehole placement area, the free surface boundary, and the search range of the front row of boreholes includes: extracting the free surface boundary defined by the slope top line, the slope bottom line, and the triangular mesh free surface from the three-dimensional slope model; forming a safety boundary based on the platform boundary, the safety line of the step edge, and the no-layout boundary, and defining the area that meets the safety distance and borehole mesh constraints as the borehole placement area; calculating the minimum planar distance from the candidate borehole point to the safety boundary and comparing it with the preset minimum safety distance; when the minimum planar distance is less than the preset minimum safety distance, marking the corresponding candidate borehole point as a borehole point to be corrected; and limiting the search range of the front row of boreholes within the borehole placement area according to the value range of the front row resistance line.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the method for balancing the load volume of boreholes in the front row of blasting as described in this invention, the generation of the initial borehole position sequence includes: determining candidate combinations of front row resistance lines, hole spacing, row spacing, and number of rows based on borehole diameter and blasting design constraints; reading the width of the locally usable platform along the length of the blasting area and estimating the theoretical borehole width occupied by each candidate combination; comparing the difference between the theoretical borehole width and the locally usable platform width, and selecting borehole network parameters in the order of width difference, number of rows, and number of holes; using the slope top line, free surface baseline, or design baseline as the offset baseline, offsetting the selected front row resistance line into the step to form the front row borehole baseline; generating candidate front row borehole points along the front row borehole baseline according to the selected hole spacing; projecting, translating, deleting, or locally adjusting the density of candidate front row borehole points that exceed the available borehole area, enter the restricted boundary, or conflict with local corners to form the initial borehole position sequence of the front row.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the method for balancing the load volume of boreholes in the front row of blasting as described in this invention, the method for forming a closed three-dimensional load volume unit includes: sequentially selecting the current front row of boreholes according to the initial borehole position sequence, and reading the coordinates of the current borehole opening and the adjacent borehole openings; establishing a left interface based on the midpoint between the current borehole opening and the adjacent left borehole opening and the direction of the connecting line between the borehole openings; establishing a right interface based on the midpoint between the current borehole opening and the adjacent right borehole opening and the direction of the connecting line between the borehole openings; using the triangular mesh free surface actually faced by the front row of boreholes as the front boundary, the inter-row interface between the front row of boreholes and the rear row of boreholes as the rear boundary, and using the top surface of the step and the bottom surface of the borehole or the designed bottom interface as the upper and lower boundaries. The left and right interfaces, rear boundaries, and top and bottom boundaries are spatially intersected with the free surfaces of the triangular mesh, and valid intersection lines and points falling inside the triangular facets or on the boundaries are retained. Based on the valid intersection lines and points, the free surface segments corresponding to the current front row of blast holes are extracted, and the free surface segments, left and right sides, rear sides, and top and bottom sides are spliced ​​together according to the common edge relationship. When the spliced ​​boundary is closed at both ends, does not have self-intersections, and forms a single connected closed region, the closed three-dimensional burden volume unit corresponding to the current front row of blast holes is obtained. When the spliced ​​boundary has openings, isolated line segments, or self-intersections, the gaps are filled by tracing along the adjacent triangular facets, or isolated line segments that do not participate in the closure are removed and the closure judgment is re-executed.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the method for balancing the load volume of boreholes in the front row of bench blasting as described in this invention, the method of obtaining the volume deviation by comparing with the target load volume includes: dividing the closed surface of each closed three-dimensional load volume unit into triangular facets with consistent outward normal directions; constructing a spatial tetrahedron with the vertices of the triangular facets and a preset reference point, and obtaining the single-hole load volume of the corresponding front row borehole according to the calculation principle of directional volume accumulation and subsequent closed volume; determining the target load volume based on the theoretical single-hole load range, the average level of the current front row borehole load volume, or the correspondence between the single-hole charge and the charge consumption per unit volume; when considering rock mass differences, correcting the corresponding target load volume based on the change in the charge consumption per unit volume of the rock mass unit where the current front row borehole is located relative to the benchmark charge consumption per unit volume; comparing the difference between the single-hole load volume and the corresponding target load volume, and determining the volume deviation according to the ratio of the difference to the corresponding target load volume; and marking the corresponding front row borehole as having a larger load volume, a smaller load volume, or meeting the volume balance condition based on the comparison results of the volume deviation with positive and negative thresholds.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the method for balancing the load volume of boreholes in the front row of blasting in the step according to the present invention, the output layout result includes: using the reduction of volume deviation as the main control quantity for borehole position adjustment, and using borehole spacing deviation, front row resistance line deviation, safety boundary distance, and construction offset as borehole position adjustment constraints; for front row boreholes with a large load volume, the direction towards the free surface normal projection direction or the adjacent area with a small load volume is selected as the borehole position fine-tuning direction; for front row boreholes with a small load volume, the direction towards the interior of the step or the adjacent area with a large load volume is selected as the borehole position fine-tuning direction; based on the allowable cumulative offset, upper and lower limits of borehole spacing, resistance line limit value, and remaining safety boundary distance. Determine the allowable fine-tuning step size for each iteration; when the candidate fine-tuned hole position meets the constraints of hole spacing, resistance line, safety boundary, and construction offset, and the volume deviation evaluation result improves, write the candidate fine-tuned hole position; when the volume deviation evaluation result does not improve, gradually reduce the fine-tuning step size and re-evaluate; after each round of hole position fine-tuning, reconstruct the closed three-dimensional load volume element corresponding to each front row of blast holes, and recalculate the single hole load volume and volume deviation; when the maximum volume deviation of the front row of blast holes meets the preset threshold, or the number of iterations reaches the preset upper limit, stop the hole position adjustment; output the optimized front row of blast hole coordinates, single hole load volume, hole network parameters, charge amount, boundary safety check results, and three-dimensional visualization data.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the stepped blasting front row borehole load volume equalization layout system of the present invention, it includes: a modeling and boundary module, a borehole layout and cutting module, and a verification and optimization module; the modeling and boundary module is used to obtain the slope top line, slope bottom line, slope elevation points, and blasting constraints to construct a three-dimensional slope model participating in free surface trimming; based on the three-dimensional slope model, safety boundary, and borehole network constraints, the available borehole area, free surface boundary, and front row borehole search range are determined; the borehole layout and cutting module is used to match the platform width and borehole network parameters within the front row borehole search range to generate the initial borehole position sequence of the front row; using the borehole opening coordinates of each front row borehole as a reference, the free surface, adjacent borehole interface, inter-row interface, and upper and lower boundaries are trimmed to form a closed three-dimensional load volume unit; the verification and optimization module is used to calculate the single-hole load volume of each closed three-dimensional load volume unit and compare it with the target load volume to obtain the volume deviation; the front row borehole positions are adjusted according to the volume deviation, and the layout result is output when the borehole spacing, resistance line, safety boundary, and construction offset constraints are satisfied.

[0014] A computer device includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, and the processor executing the computer program to implement the steps of a method for balancing the load volume of boreholes before step blasting.

[0015] A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a method for balancing the load volume of boreholes before step blasting.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The method for balanced layout of borehole load volume in the front row of bench blasting provided by this invention constructs a free surface on the actual slope that can participate in spatial trimming. This free surface, the interface between adjacent boreholes, the interface between rows, and the upper and lower boundaries jointly enclose a closed three-dimensional load volume unit for each borehole. This transforms the layout of the front row of boreholes from two-dimensional borehole spacing control to control the actual rock mass volume borne by each borehole. By calculating the volume of the closed space and combining it with the average load target, charge control target, or rock mass difference correction target, the volume deviation of each borehole is evaluated, allowing slope undulation, boundary transitions, and rock mass differences to be included in the same evaluation logic. Furthermore, through volume deviation feedback-based borehole position adjustment, the borehole position is corrected round by round under the conditions of satisfying borehole spacing, resistance line, safety boundary, and construction offset constraints. This reduces the risk of uneven load volume between front row boreholes, abnormal load on boundary boreholes, and local over- or under-burst caused by simply arranging boreholes according to planar spacing. It also establishes a clearer correspondence between borehole position, single-hole load volume, and charge amount. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 The overall flowchart of the method for balancing the load volume of boreholes before step blasting provided by the present invention is shown.

[0019] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a computer device provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0021] Reference Figure 1 As an embodiment of the present invention, a method for balancing the load volume of boreholes before stepped blasting is provided, comprising:

[0022] S1: Obtain the slope top line, slope bottom line, slope elevation points, and blasting constraints to construct a three-dimensional slope model that participates in free surface trimming.

[0023] Furthermore, constructing the 3D slope model involved in free surface trimming includes: collecting the top line, bottom line, slope elevation points, platform boundaries, and blasting constraints of the area to be blasted, and unifying them to the same engineering coordinate system; removing outliers, merging duplicate points, and smoothing the slope elevation points to ensure spatial continuity between the slope elevation points and the top and bottom lines; generating triangular mesh free surfaces based on the processed top line, bottom line, and slope elevation points, and recording the vertex coordinates and adjacency relationships of the facets; and writing the triangular mesh free surfaces, the top boundary, and the bottom boundary into the 3D slope model.

[0024] It should be noted that one specific scheme for constructing a three-dimensional slope model participating in free surface trimming includes, in this embodiment, collecting the top line, bottom line, slope elevation points, platform boundaries, platform width, step height, borehole diameter, rock mass zoning parameters, and blasting constraints of the area to be blasted. Specifically, the top line and bottom line are represented by continuous boundary point coordinates, respectively defining the upper and lower edges of the free surface of the step; the slope elevation points are represented by three-dimensional coordinates in a unified engineering coordinate system, expressing the concave, convex, and turning shapes of the free surface of the slope; the platform boundary defines the range of the planar area from which boreholes can be placed; the rock mass zoning parameters include at least lithological zoning, design unit volume explosive consumption, or rock mass zoning data that can be converted to unit volume explosive consumption; the blasting constraints include the range of values ​​for the front row resistance line, the range of values ​​for borehole spacing, the range of values ​​for row spacing, the minimum safe distance, and the allowable construction offset.

[0025] Whether the load-bearing volume of the front row of boreholes is balanced depends first and foremost on whether the free surface is accurately represented. If the slope is treated only as a two-dimensional boundary line, local protrusions or depressions on the slope will not be included in the calculation of the load-bearing volume of a single borehole, which can easily lead to situations where the planar borehole spacing appears uniform but the actual load-bearing rock mass volume varies greatly. Therefore, in this embodiment, the free surface of the slope is treated as a three-dimensional geometric object that can participate in intersection, trimming, and volume integration in the initial stage of modeling.

[0026] The set of elevation points on a slope is denoted as:

[0027]

[0028] in, Represents the set of elevation points on the slope. Indicates the first A slope elevation point This only represents the index of slope elevation points. , and They represent the first The three-dimensional coordinates of each slope elevation point in a unified engineering coordinate system This indicates the number of elevation points on the slope.

[0029] After converting the collected data to the same engineering coordinate system, outlier removal, duplicate point merging, and smoothing were performed on the slope elevation points. Duplicate points were determined based on the on-site positioning resolution; if the horizontal distance between two slope elevation points was less than the on-site positioning resolution... If the elevation difference is less than the elevation error limit, retain one of the slope elevation points or take the average of the coordinates of the two points to generate a representative point.

[0030] The scale for processing slope elevation points should not be smaller than the accuracy that can be stably reproduced by on-site measurement and layout; otherwise, measurement noise will be mistaken for actual slope undulations. Nor should it be too large; otherwise, local slope irregularities will be erased. Based on this consideration, the on-site positioning resolution... Prioritize the use of measured accuracy from RTK, total station, or drilling rig positioning equipment; if not specified in the project specifications, the following may be used:

[0031]

[0032] in, This indicates the on-site positioning resolution. This range is on the same order of magnitude as the commonly used surveying and drilling positioning accuracy, which can filter out point differences below the reproducibility of construction while retaining slope morphology variations that affect the load volume of the front row of boreholes.

[0033] Outliers are identified based on the elevation difference within their neighborhood. To avoid mistakenly deleting actual slope inflections and to exclude obvious outliers, a preset elevation threshold is set. When the difference between the elevation of a certain slope point and the average elevation of its neighboring points exceeds... If the slope of a local triangular patch formed by the corresponding slope elevation point changes abruptly beyond the allowable range of slope variation in the project, the corresponding slope elevation point will be marked as an anomaly. Prioritize the use of elevation measurement errors Doubled When neighborhood statistics exist, a factor of 1 / 3 of the neighborhood elevation standard deviation can be used. Multiples of the measured elevation error The larger of the multiples is chosen because simply eliminating outliers based on elevation difference might inadvertently remove slope steps and turns, while simply judging based on measurement error might retain obvious outliers. By using both measurement accuracy and neighborhood statistics as constraints, the handling of outliers can better reflect the actual slope.

[0034] For slope elevation points marked as anomalous, corrections are made through neighborhood interpolation, boundary line constraint interpolation, or manual verification. Smoothing only applies to local elevation noise and does not change the positions of control points on the slope crest and bottom lines, thus preventing the free surface boundaries from being erroneously moved.

[0035] The processed slope crest line, slope bottom line, and slope elevation points are triangulated to form a set of triangular meshes for the actual free surface of the slope:

[0036]

[0037] in, This represents the triangular mesh set representing the actual free surface of a slope. Indicates the first A triangular facet, This only represents the triangular patch index in the actual free surface of the slope. This indicates the number of triangular facets in the actual free surface of the slope. Each triangular facet... Record the coordinates of the three vertices and the numbers of adjacent faces. The adjacent face numbers provide the adjacency relationship for intersection tracing, gap filling, and closure determination. (This refers to the process of creating free faces within a triangular mesh.) The top and bottom boundaries of the slope are written into the three-dimensional slope model.

[0038] S2: Based on the three-dimensional slope model, safety boundary, and hole network constraints, determine the area where holes can be placed, the free surface boundary, and the search range of the front row of holes.

[0039] Furthermore, determining the perforation-prone area, free surface boundary, and front row hole search range includes: extracting the free surface boundary from the 3D slope model, which is jointly defined by the slope top line, slope bottom line, and triangular mesh free surface; forming a safety boundary based on the platform boundary, step edge safety line, and no-perforation boundary, and defining the area that meets the safety distance and hole mesh constraints as the perforation-prone area; calculating the minimum planar distance from candidate hole points to the safety boundary and comparing it with the preset minimum safety distance; when the minimum planar distance is less than the preset minimum safety distance, marking the corresponding candidate hole point as a hole point to be corrected; and limiting the front row hole search range within the perforation-prone area based on the range of values ​​for the front row resistance line.

[0040] It should be noted that one method for determining the area where holes can be placed, the boundary of the free surface, and the search range of the first row of holes specifically includes extracting the free surface formed by the slope top line, slope bottom line, and triangular mesh based on the three-dimensional slope model. The common boundary of the free surface, denoted as , This represents the global free surface boundary, jointly defined by the slope crest line, slope baseline, and the actual free surface of the slope. The global free surface boundary preserves the spatial correspondence between the slope crest line, slope baseline, and slope grid, and does not replace the irregular slope boundary with a regular straight line.

[0041] In conventional borehole layout, the search for the first row of boreholes often relies on designers estimating boundary distances on a two-dimensional diagram. For areas with distinct slope lines or significant variations in platform width, two-dimensional estimation can easily lead to some boreholes being too close or too far. This embodiment transforms the free surface boundary, safety boundary, and resistance line range into numerical constraints, providing a clear distance criterion for determining whether a borehole point has entered the borehole-laying area.

[0042] A safety boundary is formed based on the platform boundary, the safety line at the edge of the steps, and the no-clothing boundary, denoted as... , This represents the safety boundary jointly defined by the platform boundary, the no-layout boundary, and the safety line at the edge of the step. The area where holes can be laid is denoted as... Pore-prone area This refers to the area within the platform that simultaneously meets both safety distance constraints and perforated mesh constraints.

[0043] For any hole point to be judged Take the hole point to be judged The projection on the horizontal plane is ,calculate To the safety boundary Minimum planar distance:

[0044]

[0045] in, Indicates the hole point to be judged Minimum planar distance to the safety boundary, Indicates safety boundary any point on, This represents the Euclidean distance in the plane.

[0046] The minimum safe distance is denoted as The selection of the minimum safe distance needs to consider three aspects: too close a borehole opening to the platform edge can lead to edge collapse and construction risks; unavoidable positioning errors exist in surveying and setting out; and drilling operations also require maintaining equipment clearance. Based on these considerations, Prioritize the use of project blasting design or construction safety requirements; if not specified in the project specifications, take the larger of the following three values: minimum drilling rig operating distance, borehole edge protection distance, and on-site layout error. Using collectable or assignable engineering parameters can prevent safety boundary judgments from being written as subjective judgments.

[0047] when When, mark the corresponding hole point to be judged as the hole point to be corrected; when At that time, the corresponding hole point to be judged will be retained in the hole placement area. Inside.

[0048] Let the hole point to be judged be... To the global free surface boundary The distance of the front line of resistance is The allowable range of the front line of resistance is:

[0049]

[0050] in, Indicates the hole point to be judged To the global free surface boundary The distance of the front line of resistance, This indicates that the front row is resisting the lower limit. Indicates the upper limit of the front row resistance line. Within the area where holes can be placed. Within this range, a strip-shaped area satisfying the aforementioned front-row resistance line range is selected as the search range for the front-row holes. Holes too close to the free surface are excluded due to insufficient resistance lines, while those too far from the free surface are excluded because their resistance lines exceed the allowable range.

[0051] The range of the front-row resistance line is not arbitrarily set. If the resistance line is too small, the front-row holes may come too close to the free surface; if the resistance line is too large, the load volume of a single hole may increase significantly, resulting in insufficient breakage in the front row. The hole points to be judged are limited to... and Between these, the search range of the front row of holes can be limited to an area that satisfies both free surface control and blasting design constraints.

[0052] By defining the area by both safety distance and resistance line distance, the perforation zone is not merely an accessible area on the platform, but an engineering perforation zone that simultaneously meets boundary safety and front-row load requirements. This approach reduces issues such as boundary hole overflow, perforation placed too close to the target area, and the front-row resistance line deviating from the design range.

[0053] S3: Within the search range of the front row holes, match the platform width and hole mesh parameters to generate the initial hole position sequence of the front row blast holes.

[0054] Furthermore, generating the initial borehole position sequence for the front row includes: determining candidate combinations of front row resistance lines, hole spacing, row spacing, and number of rows based on borehole diameter and blasting design constraints; reading the width of the locally usable platform along the length of the blasting area and estimating the theoretical hole width occupied by each candidate combination; comparing the difference between the theoretical hole width and the locally usable platform width, and selecting hole network parameters in the order of width difference, number of rows, and number of holes; using the slope top line, free surface baseline, or design baseline as the offset baseline, offsetting the selected front row resistance line inwards along the step to form the front row hole baseline; generating candidate front row hole points along the front row hole baseline according to the selected hole spacing; and projecting, translating, deleting, or locally adjusting the density of candidate front row hole points that exceed the hole placement area, enter the restricted placement boundary, or conflict with local corners to form the initial borehole position sequence for the front row.

[0055] It should be noted that one method for generating the initial hole position sequence of the front row of boreholes specifically includes, based on the borehole diameter... Candidate combinations of hole mesh parameters are generated based on blasting design constraints. The candidate combinations are denoted as:

[0056]

[0057] in, Indicates the first Candidate combinations of perforated mesh parameters This only indicates the candidate combination index of the mesh parameters. Indicates the first The front line of resistance for the group candidates Indicates the first Group of candidate hole spacing, Indicates the first Group candidate spacing Indicates the first Group candidate ranking Indicates the number of candidate combinations. Indicates the diameter of the borehole.

[0058] The initial hole positions do not directly aim for optimal volume, but rather first form a feasible hole array that satisfies the platform width, hole spacing, and boundary conditions. The reason for this setting is that if the initial hole positions have clearly exceeded the boundaries or do not match the platform width, even if volume balancing adjustments are continued, it is easy for the hole positions to repeatedly revert or fail to meet construction constraints.

[0059] In one implementation, candidate combinations are generated within the following range:

[0060]

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] in, , and Corresponding to the first The candidate front row resistance line, candidate borehole spacing, and candidate row spacing are grouped together. The above ranges are initially based on borehole diameter. To determine the scale, the resistance line is established, then the hole spacing is determined based on the resistance line, and finally the row spacing is determined based on the hole spacing, ensuring that the hole mesh parameters maintain an engineering proportional relationship. The resistance line of the front row is taken as... to It can cover the engineering value range of the front resistance line of common bench blasting; the hole spacing is taken as... to This avoids redundant hole counts due to excessively small hole spacing, and also avoids increased volume differences between adjacent holes due to excessively large hole spacing; the row spacing is taken as... to This ensures that the arrangement of rows and the hole spacing are coordinated. The above range is used to generate candidate hole network parameters, which can be adjusted in actual engineering according to rock mass conditions, explosive type, and equipment capacity.

[0064] A sliding window is set along the length of the gun zone. The available platform width within a sliding window is denoted as . ,in , This only represents the index of the sliding window. Indicates the number of sliding windows. Locally available platform width. This can be measured using several transverse sampling lines within a sliding window, with the transverse sampling lines pointing from the local free surface reference position to the inner boundary of the platform. When the difference between the maximum and minimum widths of the sampling lines within the same sliding window does not exceed a certain percentage of the average width... When this is the case, the average value of the sampling width can be taken as... When the difference exceeds When choosing a width, prioritize the smaller width or the lower quantile width. This approach prevents narrow sections from being obscured by the average width, making the platform width more aligned with construction safety.

[0065] For the first The sliding window and the first Group candidate combinations, calculate the theoretical total width of the holes:

[0066]

[0067] in, Indicates the first Within the first sliding window The theoretical total width of the aperture corresponding to the candidate combinations. Indicates the first The width of the back row influence corresponding to the candidate group combination. Indicates the first The width of the local platform within each sliding window that can be used for hole placement.

[0068] The theoretical total width of the boreholes includes not only the front row resistance line and row spacing, but also the influence width after the last row of boreholes. If no influence width is reserved for the rear row, the last row of boreholes will easily be close to the rear boundary of the platform; if the reserved width is too large, it will reduce the platform utilization rate. Based on this balance, the preferred approach is:

[0069]

[0070] in, This represents the influence width of the rear row, calculated using the rear row influence width coefficient. (Take...) A suitable width relative to the front resistance line should be reserved between the last row of boreholes and the rear boundary. This reduces the likelihood of boreholes being placed too close to the boundary while avoiding a reduction in the number of rows or insufficient platform utilization due to excessive reservation. If there are existing safety requirements for the rear row on site, the width can be determined according to the site design values. .

[0071] Calculate the theoretical total width of the holes With local available platform width Absolute and relative deviations between:

[0072]

[0073]

[0074] in, Indicates the first Within the first sliding window The absolute deviation of the width of the candidate combinations. This indicates the relative deviation of the corresponding width. For candidate combinations within the same sliding window, the preferred combination is... Compare the candidate combinations; for different platform widths or different sliding window combinations, prioritize the best one. Normalized comparisons were performed. During screening, the borehole mesh parameters were determined in the order of smallest width deviation, fewest number of rows, smallest total number of boreholes, and smallest amount of construction adjustments. The designed front row resistance line, designed borehole spacing, designed row spacing, and designed number of rows after screening were denoted as follows: , , and .

[0075] The width matching process described above is not simply about selecting the minimum hole spacing or the maximum number of rows, but rather about finding a hole mesh combination that is "suitable for placement without being too dense" within the width of the local platform. This reduces the accumulation of boundary holes or redundancy in the number of holes caused by changes in platform width, making the initial hole positions closer to the on-site workable condition.

[0076] After determining the perforated mesh parameters, use the slope crest line, free surface baseline, or design baseline as the reference. As an offset reference, according to the design front resistance line Equivalently offset inwards from the step to form the baseline for the front row of holes:

[0077]

[0078] in, This indicates the top of the slope, the free surface baseline, or the design baseline. Indicates the baseline of the front row of holes. Indicates Offset distance relative to baseline Perform equidistant offset. Front row hole baseline. As the geometric reference for generating candidate front row hole points, its position is controlled by both the free surface boundary and the design front row resistance line.

[0079] Along the front row of holes baseline According to the design hole spacing Generate candidate holes for the first row. The baseline for the current row of holes uses the arc length parameter. When indicating, the first The alignment parameters of the candidate front row holes are:

[0080]

[0081] in, Indicates the first The candidate front row hole points are on the front row hole baseline. Arc length parameter on This indicates the arc length parameter corresponding to the initial hole placement position. This only indicates the candidate front row hole number. This represents the designed hole spacing. From this, we obtain the set of candidate front-row hole points:

[0082]

[0083] in, Represents the set of candidate front row holes. Indicates the first One candidate front row hole point, This indicates the number of candidate front-row holes. The set of candidate front-row holes. It has not yet undergone safety boundary, no-layout boundary and local corner correction, so it is not directly used as the formal front row of blast holes.

[0084] For the candidate front row of hole points Make corrections. If the candidate front row hole points... To the perforated area The shortest projection distance shall not exceed the allowable construction offset. Then Project or translate to the area where holes can be placed. If projection or translation results in the distance between adjacent holes being less than the lower limit of the hole distance, then the corresponding candidate front row hole points are deleted; if a local corner causes the distance between adjacent holes to be greater than the upper limit of the hole distance, then candidate front row hole points are added to the corresponding section; if a local corner causes the distance between adjacent holes to be less than the lower limit of the hole distance, then the corresponding section is sparsed.

[0085] Construction allowable offset The setup needs to consider both the feasibility of lofting and the stability of the hole mesh. Too small an offset will result in the deletion of a large number of candidate hole points near the boundary, while too large an offset may alter the original hole mesh relationships. If the project does not specify... According to the design hole spacing of to The selection should be based on the allowable deviation of the on-site layout and the positioning capability of the drilling rig. This range allows for necessary corrections to the boundary holes while avoiding excessive deformation of the initial hole array.

[0086] After processing, the initial hole position sequence of the front row of blast holes is obtained:

[0087]

[0088] in, This indicates the initial hole position sequence of the front row of blast holes. Indicates the first The official front row of blast hole openings. This indicates the official front row borehole number. This indicates the number of boreholes in the front row. Each borehole point is represented as:

[0089]

[0090] in, , and They represent the first The three-dimensional coordinates of the borehole openings in the formal front row are used to form the initial borehole position sequence. Design the front line of resistance Design hole spacing and design spacing This forms a feasible foundation for hole layout before volume equalization treatment.

[0091] It should also be noted that matching the platform width and borehole network parameters within the search range of the first row of boreholes and generating the initial borehole position sequence for the first row is not intended to directly obtain the final optimal borehole position, but rather to first form a workable borehole sequence that meets the platform width, borehole spacing, row spacing, and boundary conditions. Conventional methods typically place boreholes directly after giving a uniform borehole spacing, row spacing, and resistance line. When the local platform width varies significantly, the last row of boreholes may be too close or too far, there may be local redundancy in the number of boreholes, or boundary boreholes may be forced to move significantly. This invention generates multiple candidate combinations of front row resistance lines, borehole spacing, row spacing, and number of rows based on the borehole diameter. Then, it reads the locally usable platform width along the length of the blasting area, compares the difference between the theoretical total borehole width and the local platform width, and filters the borehole network parameters according to the degree of width matching, number of rows, number of boreholes, and construction adjustment amount. Subsequently, a baseline for the first row of holes is formed using the slope crest line, free surface baseline, or design baseline as the offset reference. Candidate hole points are then generated along this baseline. Holes that cross boundaries, enter restricted areas, or have abnormal local spacing are then projected, translated, deleted, densified, or sparsed. The resulting initial hole position sequence already possesses basic construction feasibility, reducing repeated corrections and constraint conflicts in subsequent hole positions caused by unreasonable initial hole layout.

[0092] S4: Using the coordinates of each front row of boreholes as a reference, cut the free surface, the interface between adjacent holes, the interface between rows, and the upper and lower boundaries to form a closed three-dimensional load volume unit.

[0093] Furthermore, forming a closed three-dimensional load-bearing volume element includes: sequentially selecting the current front row of boreholes according to the initial borehole position sequence, and reading the current borehole coordinates and the coordinates of adjacent boreholes; establishing a left interface based on the midpoint between the current borehole and the adjacent borehole on the left and the direction of the connecting line between the boreholes; establishing a right interface based on the midpoint between the current borehole and the adjacent borehole on the right and the direction of the connecting line between the boreholes; using the triangular mesh free surface actually facing the front row of boreholes as the front boundary, the inter-row interface between the front and rear rows of boreholes as the rear boundary, and using the top surface of the step and the bottom surface of the borehole or the designed bottom interface as the upper and lower boundaries; and defining the left and right interfaces, the rear boundary, and the upper and lower boundaries. The boundary is spatially intersected with the free face of the triangular mesh, and valid intersection lines and points falling inside the triangular facets or on the boundary are retained. Based on the valid intersection lines and points, the free facet segment corresponding to the current front row of blast holes is extracted, and the free facet segment, left and right sides, rear side, and top and bottom sides are spliced ​​together according to the common edge relationship. When the spliced ​​boundary is closed at both ends, does not have self-intersections, and forms a simply connected closed region, the closed three-dimensional burden volume unit corresponding to the current front row of blast holes is obtained. When the spliced ​​boundary has openings, isolated line segments, or self-intersections, the gaps are filled by tracing along the adjacent triangular facets, or isolated line segments that do not participate in the closure are removed and the closure judgment is re-executed.

[0094] It should be noted that one scheme for forming a closed three-dimensional load-bearing volume unit specifically includes, according to the initial hole position sequence of the front row of boreholes. Select the current front row of blast holes in sequence. For the current front row of blast holes... Read the adjacent front row of blast holes on the left. and the adjacent front row of blast holes on the right For cases where the first or last hole lacks an adjacent hole on one side, the adjacent boundary line or half of the design hole spacing should be used. The end portion interface is formed by pushing outwards, so that the end hole can also form a closed load volume unit.

[0095] The core approach here is not simply to assign a planar rectangular area to each borehole, but to determine the "actual rock mass area borne by a single borehole" as a closed three-dimensional space. The free surface facing the front row of boreholes is itself an irregular curved surface. If a regular prism is still used to approximate the load-bearing area of ​​a single borehole, it will mask the volume differences caused by the unevenness of the slope.

[0096] Define the left and right interfaces as follows: , ; Indicates the first The first formal front row gun port and the first The left-side dividing line between the first and second rows of blast holes. Indicates the first The first formal front row gun port and the first The right-side interface between the front row of blast holes. The left-side interface. The perpendicular bisector of the line connecting adjacent holes is used. (Line segment) The midpoint is:

[0097]

[0098] The normal vector of the left interface is:

[0099]

[0100] The left-side interface satisfies:

[0101]

[0102] in, Indicates the first The and the first The midpoint between the borehole openings of the first row of blast holes. This represents the normal vector of the left interface. Represents any point in space, This represents the vector dot product. (Right-side interface) according to and The midpoint and the direction of the connecting line are established in the same way.

[0103] When the load distribution needs to be further balanced between adjacent front-row boreholes, an equal-volume interface can be used. For the left-side interface, the equal-volume boundary condition is:

[0104]

[0105] in, Indicates the first The first row of blast holes is located at the interface. Limited temporary burden volume, Indicates the first The temporary load volume of each formal front row of boreholes is defined by the same interface. Here, a wavy line is used. This represents the temporary volume during the interface search process, distinct from the single-hole load volume ultimately used for volume deviation calculation. .

[0106] The equal volume boundary does not require absolute equality in every boundary search, as measurement errors, mesh errors, and on-site construction deviations can all affect volume calculations. To ensure the boundary search is both feasible and avoids excessive iteration, a preset boundary threshold can be denoted as... Preferred selection to Or take a value no greater than the volume balance threshold. The value. When the ratio of the difference in temporary volume between the two sides to the average temporary volume between the two sides is less than When the boundary is moved, stop moving the interface. This setting allows the boundary between adjacent holes to be closer to the volume distribution, without causing excessive computation in pursuit of perfect mathematical equality.

[0107] Define the rear row partition as Define the upper boundary surface as Define the lower boundary surface as ; This indicates the interface between the front and rear rows of holes. This indicates the top surface of the step or the top design interface. Indicates the bottom surface of a hole, the designed bottom interface, or the bottom surface of a step. Use subscripts. , and To distinguish it from candidate row spacing and design spacing The actual free surface of the slope is used as the front boundary surface, and the front surface corresponding to the current front row of blast holes is denoted as... and composed of triangular mesh sets Obtained by cutting.

[0108] Connect each boundary surface to the slope grid. And perform intersection calculations between each boundary surface. For any clipping plane and any triangular facet Find the intersection to obtain the line segment:

[0109]

[0110] in, Represents the cutting plane With the A sloping triangular facet The line segments intersecting. Only when Not empty, and all endpoints fall on the triangular facet. When inside or on the boundary, This is denoted as a valid line segment. For two boundary surfaces... and The intersection line is:

[0111]

[0112] For a straight line With triangular facets Find the intersection points to obtain the set of intersection points:

[0113]

[0114] in, Represents the boundary surface With boundary surface The intersection line, and It is only used to distinguish the two boundary surfaces involved in the intersection. Indicates the line of intersection With the A sloping triangular facet The set of intersection points. By finding the intersection points as described above, the local surface of the actual slope free surface is cut into the free surface segment facing the current row of blast holes.

[0115] exist and Within a defined height range, the boundary polyline formed by connecting valid line segments and valid intersection points is taken as the free surface intercept boundary, denoted as . , Indicates the first The free surface cutoff boundary corresponding to each formal front row of blast holes is distinct from the global free surface boundary. .when It is closed at both ends, does not self-intersect, and... and When a simply connected region is formed between them, the closure of the free surface boundary is determined.

[0116] Closure detection requires a finite number of correction attempts. If the intersection fails to close on the first attempt, it's usually due to local mesh gaps, isolated line segments, or boundary clipping errors. However, if continued corrections fail to close the closure, it indicates a significant problem with the current borehole location or local slope data. Based on this consideration, the number of closure correction attempts can be denoted as... Ideally, the grid should be filled in 3 to 5 times. This range allows for correction of common grid gaps while avoiding repeated filling that could cause the closed volume to deviate from the actual slope surface.

[0117] like If there are openings, isolated line segments, or self-intersections, then trace along adjacent triangular faces to fill the gaps, or remove isolated line segments that do not participate in the closure and re-execute the closure check; if the closure correction count is reached... If the hole still cannot be closed, mark the current hole position as unusable or requiring manual verification, and incorporate the marking result into the hole position adjustment judgment.

[0118] The following boundary surface and free surface meshes are obtained sequentially. The cropping results, including , , , , ;

[0119] This yields the six sides of the current front row of blast holes: front side Left side right side Rear side upper side and the lower side By joining and stitching the six sides together according to their shared edges, the current front row of blast holes can be obtained. The corresponding closed three-dimensional burden volume element , Indicates the first Each formal front row of boreholes corresponds to a closed three-dimensional load-bearing volume element. The formation of this closed three-dimensional load-bearing volume element ensures that the rock mass extent corresponding to each front row of boreholes is defined by spatial boundaries, rather than by empirical estimation from planar borehole networks. This structure can directly express the actual rock mass extent borne by a single borehole, providing a clear geometric object for volume calculation.

[0120] It should also be noted that, using the coordinates of each front row of boreholes as a reference, the free surface, adjacent borehole interfaces, inter-row interfaces, and upper and lower boundaries are trimmed to form a closed three-dimensional load-bearing volume unit. This is the core processing of this invention, which shifts from planar borehole network layout to three-dimensional load-bearing range expression. The actual rock mass area borne by the front row of boreholes is not a regular rectangle or prism, especially when the free surface is irregular; the same borehole spacing may correspond to completely different spatial rock mass volumes. For each formal front row of boreholes, this invention establishes left and right interfaces based on the spatial relationship between adjacent boreholes. If necessary, equal volume boundaries are used to make the load-bearing boundaries between adjacent boreholes more in line with the actual volume balance requirements. At the same time, the inter-row interfaces between the front and rear rows of boreholes are used as the rear side boundaries, and the upper and lower ranges are defined by the top surface of the step and the bottom surface of the borehole or the designed bottom interface. The intersection with the triangular mesh free surface is calculated to extract the free surface segment actually faced by the current borehole. After judging the closure, self-intersection, and simple connectivity through effective intersection lines, intersection points, and free surface extraction boundaries, the closed spatial volume corresponding to a single borehole is obtained. This approach avoids simply approximating the load-bearing range of a single borehole as a regular prism, and can simultaneously incorporate the slope undulations, boundary transitions, and the load-bearing relationship between adjacent boreholes into the process of determining the range of the rock mass of a single borehole.

[0121] S5: Calculate the single-hole load volume of each closed three-dimensional load volume element and compare it with the target load volume to obtain the volume deviation.

[0122] Furthermore, the volume deviation obtained by comparing with the target load volume includes: dividing the closed surface of each closed three-dimensional load volume unit into triangular facets with consistent outward normal directions; constructing a spatial tetrahedron using the vertices of the triangular facets and preset reference points, and obtaining the single-hole load volume of the corresponding front row of boreholes according to the calculation principle of directional volume accumulation and subsequent closed volume; determining the target load volume based on the theoretical single-hole load range, the average level of the current front row of borehole load volume, or the correspondence between the single-hole charge and the charge consumption per unit volume; when considering rock mass differences, correcting the corresponding target load volume based on the change in the charge consumption per unit volume of the rock mass unit where the current front row of boreholes is located relative to the benchmark charge consumption per unit volume; comparing the difference between the single-hole load volume and the corresponding target load volume, and determining the volume deviation according to the ratio of the difference to the corresponding target load volume; and marking the corresponding front row of boreholes as having a larger load volume, a smaller load volume, or meeting the volume equilibrium condition based on the comparison results of the volume deviation with positive and negative thresholds.

[0123] It should be noted that one method for obtaining the volume deviation by comparing it with the target load volume specifically includes, for each closed three-dimensional load volume unit... Calculate the load volume of a single hole In the layout of the front row of boreholes, equal borehole spacing does not necessarily mean equal load volumes, especially when there are concave and convex surfaces and boundary transitions on the slope. The same planar borehole spacing may correspond to completely different spatial rock mass volumes. This embodiment directly calculates the volume of the closed three-dimensional load volume unit, so that the volume equilibrium evaluation is based on the actual three-dimensional rock mass range.

[0124] To avoid candidate ranking Number of triangular facets on the slope The number of triangular facets on the surface of the volume unit is confused with this embodiment, which will use the number of... A closed three-dimensional burden volume unit The set of surface triangular facets is denoted as:

[0125]

[0126] in, Indicates the first A set of surface triangular facets of a closed three-dimensional load-bearing volume element. Indicates the first The first closed three-dimensional burden volume unit A surface triangular facet, This only represents the index of the surface triangular facet within the corresponding closed three-dimensional load volume element. Indicates the first The number of surface triangular facets per closed three-dimensional load volume unit. The number of surface triangular facets per unit. The coordinates of the three vertices are denoted as follows: , and All three vertices are three-dimensional coordinate points.

[0127] When the origin of the engineering coordinate system is used as the reference point, the single-hole load volume is calculated using the method of summing directed volumes:

[0128]

[0129] in, Indicates the first The single-hole load volume of a formal front row of blast holes , and They represent the first In the closed three-dimensional burden volume element, the first The coordinates of the three vertices of a surface triangular facet. Represents the dot product of vectors. This represents the vector cross product. This calculation method assumes that the outward normals of the closed surface are consistent, and can transform the closed polyhedron formed by irregular slope segments and various trimming boundaries into a numerically summable volume.

[0130] If any fixed reference point is used Then the first Each surface triangular facet and reference point The directed volume of the resulting tetrahedron is:

[0131]

[0132] The corresponding single-hole load volume is:

[0133]

[0134] in, Indicates from the reference point and the In the closed three-dimensional burden volume element, the first The oriented volume of a tetrahedron composed of triangular facets. This represents a fixed reference point maintained throughout the same volume calculation. The reason for using directed volume summation is that it closes the three-dimensional load volume element. The front side may be an irregular slope segment, which is difficult to calculate directly using a regular prism. However, after triangulation, the closed volume can be obtained directly from the vertex coordinates.

[0135] Target load volume Determined based on engineering control objectives. If the overall balance of the current front row is the objective, then the average load volume of all front row boreholes is taken:

[0136]

[0137] in, Indicates the target load volume. This indicates the number of holes in the front row of the gun. Indicates the first The single-hole load volume of a formal front row of boreholes. If the goal is to control the charge amount, then the single-hole charge amount is determined according to the design. Drug consumption per unit volume as designed Reverse calculation:

[0138]

[0139] in, This indicates the design charge per hole. Both the average volume target and the charge quantity target are determined by project blasting design, historical blasting statistics, or field tests. The average volume target is more suitable for emphasizing the balance within the same front row, while the charge quantity target is more suitable for emphasizing the matching relationship between the charge per hole and the amount of rock mass it supports. Both targets can be obtained from engineering design data.

[0140] When considering the heterogeneity of the rock mass, the blasting area is divided into several rock mass units according to lithology, weathering degree, joint development degree, uniaxial compressive strength, or drilling parameters, and the first unit is further divided into several rock mass units. Determine the unit volume of explosive charge for each formal front-row blast hole in the rock mass unit. Let the average or design standard propellant consumption per unit volume in the artillery area be... The rock mass correction factor is:

[0141]

[0142] The target volume is corrected to:

[0143]

[0144] in, Indicates the first Correction coefficients for the rock mass unit where each formal front row of boreholes is located. Indicates the first The amount of explosives consumed per unit volume in the rock mass unit where each formal front row of blast holes is located. This indicates the amount of medicine consumed per unit volume. Indicates the first The corrected target load volume corresponding to each formal front row of gun holes. When When this occurs, it indicates that the rock mass in the corresponding area is relatively hard or the required unit consumption is high, and the target load volume is reduced accordingly; when When this occurs, it indicates that the rock mass in the corresponding area is relatively soft or the required unit consumption is low, and the target load volume increases accordingly. If rock mass correction is not enabled, then... .

[0145] Calculate the relative volume deviation based on the single-hole load volume and the corresponding target load volume:

[0146]

[0147] in, Indicates the first The relative volume deviation of each formal front row of boreholes. A positive volume deviation indicates that the current load volume of the front row of boreholes is greater than the target load volume, while a negative volume deviation indicates that the current load volume of the front row of boreholes is less than the target load volume. The volume deviation transforms "which borehole is overloaded and which borehole is underloaded" into a directional numerical quantity, so that borehole position adjustment no longer relies on experience-based judgment.

[0148] The volume balance threshold is denoted as The selection of the volume equalization threshold needs to consider 3D modeling errors, on-site layout errors, and drilling deviations. If the threshold is too small, continuous fine-tuning may be necessary in calculations, but stable execution in the field is impossible; if the threshold is too large, it is difficult to reflect volume equalization control. Based on this balance, the volume equalization threshold... The allowable single-hole load volume deviation in the project design should be used first; if not specified in the project design, the following can be used:

[0149]

[0150] in, This represents the volumetric equalization threshold. This range is matched to engineering measurement errors, 3D model errors, and drilling construction deviations, achieving a balance between constructability and volumetric equalization.

[0151] When the following conditions are met:

[0152]

[0153] At that time, the judgment of the first The volume of the formal front row blast holes is too large; when the following conditions are met:

[0154]

[0155] At that time, the judgment of the first The volume of the front row of blast holes is relatively small; when the following conditions are met:

[0156]

[0157] At that time, the judgment of the first Each of the formal front-row boreholes meets the requirements for volume balance.

[0158] To evaluate the overall balance of the current front row of holes, the maximum absolute relative deviation and the mean square deviation are calculated.

[0159]

[0160]

[0161] in, This indicates the maximum absolute relative volume deviation in the formal front row of boreholes. This represents the mean square value of the volume deviation. Used to determine if there are any locally excessive holes. Used to evaluate the overall degree of equilibrium.

[0162] It should also be noted that calculating the single-hole load volume of each closed three-dimensional load volume unit and comparing it with the target load volume to obtain the volume deviation transforms the empirical judgment of whether the load of the front row of holes is balanced into a calculable volume evaluation. Traditional hole layout often uses hole spacing, row spacing, and resistance lines to approximate the single-hole load situation, but under irregular free surface conditions, uniform hole spacing does not necessarily mean uniform load volume. This invention divides the closed surface of each closed three-dimensional load volume unit into triangular facets and calculates the actual single-hole load volume through directional volume accumulation. The target load volume can be taken as the average level of the current front row of hole load volumes, or it can be determined according to the designed single-hole charge and unit volume charge consumption. When considering rock mass differences, the target load volume can also be corrected according to the unit volume charge consumption corresponding to the rock mass unit, so that hard rock areas and soft rock areas are not forced to be evaluated according to the same target volume. The volume deviation with direction is obtained after comparing the single-hole load volume with the corresponding target load volume. A positive deviation indicates that the load volume is too large, and a negative deviation indicates that the load volume is too small. This allows for the differentiation between locally excessive holes and overall balance, reducing misjudgments caused by relying solely on planar hole spacing or empirical resistance line checks.

[0163] S6: Adjust the position of the front row of blast holes according to the volume deviation, and output the layout result when the hole spacing, resistance line, safety boundary and construction offset constraints are satisfied.

[0164] Furthermore, the output layout results include using the reduction of volume deviation as the main control variable for hole position adjustment, and using hole spacing deviation, front row resistance line deviation, safety boundary distance, and construction offset as hole position adjustment constraints; for front row blast holes with a larger load volume, the direction towards the free surface normal projection or the adjacent area with a smaller load volume is selected as the hole position fine-tuning direction; for front row blast holes with a smaller load volume, the direction towards the inside of the step or the adjacent area with a larger load volume is selected as the hole position fine-tuning direction; the allowable fine-tuning step size for a single adjustment is determined based on the allowable cumulative offset during construction, the upper and lower limits of hole spacing, the resistance line limit, and the remaining distance of the safety boundary; when a candidate fine-tuning is performed... If the hole positions meet the constraints of hole spacing, resistance line, safety boundary, and construction offset, and the volume deviation evaluation result improves, the candidate fine-tuned hole positions are written in. If the volume deviation evaluation result does not improve, the fine-tuning step size is gradually reduced and a new judgment is made. After each round of hole position fine-tuning, the closed three-dimensional load volume unit corresponding to each front row of blast holes is reconstructed, and the single hole load volume and volume deviation are recalculated. When the maximum volume deviation of the front row of blast holes meets the preset threshold, or the number of iterations reaches the preset upper limit, the hole position adjustment is stopped. The optimized front row of blast hole coordinates, single hole load volume, hole network parameters, charge amount, boundary safety check results, and three-dimensional visualization data are output.

[0165] It should be noted that one scheme for outputting the layout results when the hole spacing, resistance line, safety boundary, and construction offset constraints are satisfied specifically includes the following: [The sentence is incomplete and requires more context to be translated accurately.] When drilling boreholes, iterative hole position adjustments are performed. This adjustment doesn't simply uniformize the hole spacing; instead, it uses volume deviation as feedback: holes with excessively large load volumes are adjusted in directions that reduce load volumes, and holes with excessively small load volumes are adjusted in directions that increase load volumes. This ensures that hole position adjustments revolve around the actual three-dimensional load volume, rather than around the planar geometric spacing.

[0166] Hole location iterative adjustment uses volume consistency as the primary control variable, and incorporates hole spacing deviation, front row resistance line deviation, safety boundary penalty, hole location smoothing, and rock mass heterogeneity correction to establish a constrained optimization objective. To avoid confusion with other set notations, the hole location adjustment objective function is denoted as... :

[0167]

[0168] in, This represents the objective function for adjusting the hole position. Indicates the first The single-hole load volume of a formal front row of blast holes This indicates the target load volume when rock mass correction is not enabled. Indicates the first The first formal front row gun hole and the first The current hole spacing between the official front row boreholes and , Indicates the design hole spacing. Indicates the first The current front line of resistance for each formal front row gun port. Indicates the design of the front line of resistance. Indicates the safety boundary penalty item. Indicates the hole position smoothing term. This indicates a correction term for the heterogeneity of the rock mass. , , , , and This represents the weighting coefficient.

[0169] The weighting coefficients reflect the priority of different constraints in hole position adjustment. Volume consistency is the primary control objective; therefore, if no weights are specified for the project, the following can be used as a preliminary measure. Other weights are normalized according to the allowable deviation of hole spacing, allowable deviation of resistance line, safety distance constraints, and rock mass correction requirements. This avoids a single item suppressing the volume consistency term due to a large dimension or numerical scale. When rock mass correction is enabled, the volume consistency term can be set using... replace Perform the calculation.

[0170] In order to include the hole spacing and the front row resistance line in the numerical verification, the current hole spacing and the current front row resistance line are calculated as follows:

[0171]

[0172]

[0173] in, Indicates the first The official front row of gun hole openings The horizontal projection, Indicates the first The official front row of gun hole openings The horizontal projection, Represents the global free surface boundary any point on, Point Projection on the horizontal plane This indicates the current hole spacing between adjacent formal front row blast holes. Indicates the first The current front-row resistance line from the formal front-row gun holes to the global free surface boundary.

[0174] Safety boundary penalty items Calculated based on measurable distance. Let the first... The planar projection of the orifice of the first formal front row of blast holes is as follows:

[0175]

[0176] The minimum distance from the orifice to the safety boundary is:

[0177]

[0178] in, Indicates the first The minimum distance from the plane projection of the orifice of a formal front row of blast holes to the safety boundary. Indicates safety boundary Any point on the boundary. The safety boundary penalty is:

[0179]

[0180] in, Indicates the safety boundary penalty item. Indicates the minimum safe distance. When When, no safety boundary penalty is generated for the corresponding hole position; when At that time, a penalty is applied to the corresponding hole position according to the degree of deviation. The safety boundary penalty item can prevent the hole position from exceeding the safety boundary in order to reduce volume deviation.

[0181] Hole position smoothing term Calculated based on the degree of local bending of the hole row:

[0182]

[0183] in, Indicates the hole position smoothing term. , and These represent the current orifice plane coordinates, the plane coordinates of the adjacent orifice on the left, and the plane coordinates of the adjacent orifice on the right, respectively. This indicates the designed hole spacing. The hole position smoothing option is used to suppress excessive deviation of isolated hole positions, ensuring that the hole array maintains the smoothness of construction layout while meeting volume balance requirements.

[0184] Rock mass heterogeneity correction term Using corrected target volume calculate:

[0185]

[0186] in, This indicates a correction term for the heterogeneity of the rock mass. Indicates the first The corrected target load volume corresponds to the number of formal front-row boreholes. Through the rock mass heterogeneity correction, harder and softer rock areas are not forced to use the same target load volume; instead, corrections are made based on the charge consumption per unit volume. If the rock mass heterogeneity correction is not enabled, then... Or make .

[0187] For the main boreholes with a larger load volume, the direction towards the free surface normal projection or the adjacent area with a smaller load volume is selected as the borehole position fine-tuning direction; for the main boreholes with a smaller load volume, the direction towards the interior of the step or the adjacent area with a larger load volume is selected as the borehole position fine-tuning direction. The adjustment direction is denoted as... ,in, For the first The unit direction vector of a formal front row of blast holes.

[0188] The setting of the fine-tuning direction reflects the volume feedback logic: when the load volume is too large, the hole position moves in the direction that can reduce the corresponding space volume; when the load volume is too small, the hole position moves in the direction that can increase the corresponding space volume. Compared with manually moving the hole position based on experience, this method establishes a correspondence between the hole position adjustment direction and the volume deviation direction.

[0189] The free surface normal projection direction is determined by the current closed 3D burden volume element. Front side Calculated. Specifically, for the front side... The normal vectors of the triangular facets are calculated, and a weighted average is performed using the facet area as the weight. The weighted normal vectors are then projected onto the horizontal plane and normalized to obtain candidate directions toward the free plane.

[0190] On partially vertical or locally fragmented free surfaces, the horizontal projection of the weighted normal vector may be very small. In such cases, directly determining the direction based on the normal vector projection will be unstable. To avoid the fine-tuning direction being affected by local mesh noise, a direction threshold can be set. When the ratio of the horizontal projection length of the weighted normal vector to the length of the weighted normal vector is less than... At that time, use the current orifice. The plane direction pointing to the nearest free face point is used as the alternative direction; Desirable to This range can identify normal vectors with weak horizontal projections while avoiding frequent triggering of alternative directions.

[0191] Maximum allowed step size Determined based on the minimum value of multiple constraint margins:

[0192]

[0193] in, Indicates the first The maximum permissible step size in the current direction for each formal front row of boreholes. This indicates the allowable cumulative offset during construction. Indicates the first The cumulative offset of each formal front row of blast holes has been achieved. Indicates the first The step size margin of each formal front row borehole relative to the lower limit of the adjacent borehole spacing. Indicates the first The step size margin of each formal front row borehole relative to the upper limit of the adjacent borehole spacing. Indicates the first The resistance line limit first reached by the first formal front row of gun holes in the current adjustment direction. Indicates the first The current front row of gun ports is the first formal front row of the resistance line. Indicates the first The minimum distance from the front row of blast holes to the safety boundary. This indicates the minimum safe distance. For the center hole, and The smaller value is taken from the hole spacing margin between the current hole and its left and right adjacent holes; for end holes, the smaller value is taken from the hole spacing margin between the current hole and its only adjacent hole. When any of the above constraint margins is less than or equal to zero, no fine-tuning is performed on the current direction, and the candidate direction is changed or marked for manual review.

[0194] Allowing the maximum step size to use the minimum of multiple constraint margins is to ensure that hole position adjustments do not compromise hole spacing, resistance lines, safety boundaries, or construction offset constraints in pursuit of volume balance. This keeps hole position fine-tuning always within the feasible range of the project.

[0195] Single candidate fine-tuning measurement:

[0196]

[0197] in, Indicates the first The single candidate fine-tuning amount for each formal front row blast hole. This represents the length dimension calculated using the volume deviation ratio and the design front resistance line. The candidate fine-tuned orifice plane coordinates are:

[0198]

[0199] in, Indicates the first The orifice plane coordinates of the first row of candidate boreholes after fine-tuning This indicates the orifice plane coordinates before fine-tuning. This indicates the unit fine-tuning direction. The candidate hole positions are substituted into the hole spacing, resistance line, safety boundary, and construction offset constraints for verification; if the constraints are satisfied, the corresponding closed three-dimensional load volume element is reconstructed. Recalculate , and objective function When the objective function When the evaluation results for volume deviation decrease or improve, write the candidate fine-tuned pore positions; when the objective function If not reduced, decrease the fine-tuning amount step by step using a binary method:

[0200]

[0201] And reassess until... Reduce or Smaller than the on-site positioning resolution .when If further fine-tuning is not possible to ensure stable landing during construction, then fine-tuning of the current hole position in the current direction should be stopped.

[0202] After each round of hole position fine-tuning, the closed three-dimensional load volume elements corresponding to all formal front row blast holes are reconstructed. And recalculate the single-hole load volume. Correct target load volume and volume deviation When the following conditions are met:

[0203]

[0204] At this point, the hole position adjustment is considered converged. If convergence is not achieved, the iteration continues until the maximum number of iterations is reached. .

[0205] The maximum number of iterations needs to be balanced between computational accuracy and engineering efficiency. Since each adjustment requires rebuilding the closed 3D burden volume element and recalculating the volume, an excessive number of iterations significantly increases computational costs, while the rate of decrease in the objective function typically diminishes gradually. Based on this consideration, the maximum number of iterations... Priority should be given to determining the timeframe and the number of boreholes in the initial stage of the project; if the project timeframe is not specified, the following can be used:

[0206]

[0207] in, This indicates the maximum number of iterations for hole position adjustment. This range typically covers the convergence process of the initial hole array to a volume-balanced hole array in the front row, while avoiding excessive iterations that could affect engineering design efficiency.

[0208] When reached If the convergence condition is still not met, output the current objective function. The minimum aperture scheme is used, and local areas that still exceed the volume balance threshold are marked.

[0209] The final output includes optimized coordinates of the front row of boreholes and the load volume per borehole. The data includes borehole parameters, charge quantity, boundary safety verification results, and 3D visualization data. The charge quantity can be determined based on the single-hole load volume and the corresponding charge consumption per unit volume, or it can be the project-designed charge quantity. The 3D visualization data includes a 3D slope model, optimized front-row borehole positions, and each closed 3D load volume unit. It is used for construction layout and design review.

[0210] One embodiment of the present invention provides a system for balancing the load volume of boreholes before step blasting, including a modeling and delimitation module, a borehole cutting module, and a verification and optimization module.

[0211] The modeling and boundary definition module is used to obtain the slope top line, slope bottom line, slope elevation points, and blasting constraints, and construct a 3D slope model for free surface trimming. Based on the 3D slope model, safety boundaries, and hole network constraints, it determines the area where holes can be placed, the free surface boundary, and the search range of the front row of holes. The hole placement and cutting module is used to match the platform width and hole network parameters within the search range of the front row of holes, and generate the initial hole position sequence of the front row of blast holes. Using the coordinates of the hole openings of each front row of blast holes as a reference, it trims the free surface, the interface between adjacent holes, the interface between rows, and the upper and lower boundaries to form closed 3D load volume units. The verification and optimization module is used to calculate the single-hole load volume of each closed 3D load volume unit and compare it with the target load volume to obtain the volume deviation. Based on the volume deviation, it adjusts the hole positions of the front row of blast holes and outputs the layout results when the hole spacing, resistance line, safety boundary, and construction offset constraints are satisfied.

[0212] Reference Figure 2 This embodiment also provides a computer device applicable to the method of equalizing the load volume of boreholes before bench blasting, including: a memory and a processor; the memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer-executable instructions to realize the method of equalizing the load volume of boreholes before bench blasting as proposed in the above embodiment.

[0213] The computer device can be a terminal, comprising a processor, memory, communication interface, display screen, and input devices connected via a system bus. The processor provides computing and control capabilities. The memory includes non-volatile storage media and internal memory. The non-volatile storage media stores the operating system and computer programs. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs stored in the non-volatile storage media. The communication interface is used for wired or wireless communication with external terminals; wireless communication can be achieved through Wi-Fi, carrier networks, NFC (Near Field Communication), or other technologies. The display screen can be an LCD screen or an e-ink screen. The input devices can be a touch layer covering the display screen, buttons, a trackball, or a touchpad on the computer device's casing, or an external keyboard, touchpad, or mouse.

[0214] This embodiment also provides a storage medium storing a computer program. When executed by a processor, the program implements the method for achieving balanced load volume distribution of boreholes before step blasting as proposed in the above embodiment. The storage medium can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), Programmable Red-Only Memory (PROM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

Claims

1. A method for balancing the load-bearing volume of boreholes before stepped blasting, characterized in that, include: Obtain the slope crest line, slope bottom line, slope elevation points, and blasting constraints, and construct a three-dimensional slope model that participates in free surface trimming; Based on the three-dimensional slope model, safety boundary, and hole network constraints, the area where holes can be placed, the free surface boundary, and the search range of the front row of holes are determined. Within the search range of the front row of holes, the platform width and hole mesh parameters are matched to generate the initial hole position sequence of the front row of blast holes; Based on the coordinates of each front row of boreholes, the free surface, the interface between adjacent boreholes, the interface between rows, and the upper and lower boundaries are cut to form a closed three-dimensional load volume unit. Calculate the single-hole bearing volume of each closed three-dimensional bearing volume element and compare it with the target bearing volume to obtain the volume deviation; Adjust the positions of the front row of boreholes based on the volume deviation, and output the layout results when the borehole spacing, resistance line, safety boundary, and construction offset constraints are satisfied.

2. The method for balancing the load volume of boreholes before stepped blasting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The construction of the three-dimensional slope model participating in free surface trimming includes... Collect the top line, bottom line, elevation points, platform boundaries, and blasting constraints of the area to be blasted, and unify them into the same engineering coordinate system; Outlier points are removed, duplicate points are merged, and smoothing is performed on slope elevation points to ensure spatial continuity between slope elevation points and the slope top and bottom lines. Generate triangular mesh free surfaces based on the processed slope top line, slope bottom line, and slope elevation points, and record the vertex coordinates and adjacency relationships of the face patches; The triangular mesh free surface, the top boundary, and the bottom boundary are written into the three-dimensional slope model.

3. The method for balancing the load volume of boreholes before stepped blasting as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The determination of the available hole region, free surface boundary, and front row hole search range includes... Extract the free surface boundary defined by the slope crest line, slope base line, and triangular mesh free surface from the 3D slope model; A safety boundary is formed based on the platform boundary, the safety line at the edge of the step, and the no-layout boundary, and the area that meets the safety distance and hole mesh constraints is designated as the hole-laying area; Calculate the minimum planar distance from the candidate hole point to the safety boundary and compare it with the preset minimum safety distance; When the minimum planar distance is less than the preset minimum safety distance, the corresponding candidate hole point is marked as a hole point to be corrected; Based on the range of values ​​for the front row resistance line, the search range for the front row holes is limited within the area where holes can be placed.

4. The method for balancing the load volume of boreholes before stepped blasting as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The generation of the initial borehole position sequence for the front row of blast holes includes... Candidate combinations of front row resistance line, hole spacing, row spacing, and number of rows are determined based on borehole diameter and blasting design constraints. Read the width of the locally available platform along the length of the firing area and estimate the theoretical hole width occupied by each candidate combination; Compare the difference between the theoretical hole width and the width of the locally available platform, and select the mesh parameters in the order of width difference, number of rows, and number of holes. Using the slope crest line, free surface baseline, or design baseline as the offset baseline, the front row hole baseline is formed by offsetting the selected front row resistance line into the interior of the step. Candidate front row hole points are generated along the front row hole baseline according to the selected hole spacing; Candidate front-row hole points that exceed the available hole area, enter the restricted hole boundary, or conflict with local corners are projected, translated, deleted, or have their local density adjusted to form the initial hole position sequence of the front row of blast holes.

5. The method for balancing the load volume of boreholes before stepped blasting as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The formation of the closed three-dimensional burden volume unit includes, Select the current front row of blast holes according to the initial hole position sequence, and read the current hole coordinates and the coordinates of adjacent holes. Establish a left interface based on the midpoint between the current orifice and the adjacent orifice on the left, and the direction of the line connecting the orifices; establish a right interface based on the midpoint between the current orifice and the adjacent orifice on the right, and the direction of the line connecting the orifices. The front boundary is the triangular mesh free surface that the front row of blast holes actually faces, the rear boundary is the interface between the front row of holes and the rear row of holes, and the upper and lower boundaries are the top surface of the step and the bottom surface of the hole or the designed bottom interface. The left and right interfaces, the rear boundary, and the top and bottom boundaries are spatially intersected with the free surface of the triangular mesh, and the valid intersection lines and valid intersection points that fall inside the triangular facets or on the boundaries are retained. Based on the valid intersection lines and valid intersection points, extract the free surface segment corresponding to the current front row of blast holes, and splice the free surface segment, left and right sides, rear side, and top and bottom sides according to the common edge relationship; When the spliced ​​boundary is closed at both ends, does not have self-intersection, and forms a single connected closed region, the closed three-dimensional burden volume unit corresponding to the current front row of blast holes is obtained; When the spliced ​​boundary has openings, isolated line segments, or self-intersections, trace along the adjacent triangular facets to fill the gaps, or remove isolated line segments that do not participate in the closure and then re-execute the closure judgment.

6. The method for balancing the load volume of boreholes before stepped blasting as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The volume deviation obtained by comparing with the target load volume includes, The closed surface of each closed three-dimensional burden volume element is divided into triangular facets with consistent outward normal direction; A spatial tetrahedron is constructed using the vertices of the triangular facets and a preset reference point. The single-hole load volume of the corresponding front row of blast holes is obtained by calculating the volume of the directional volume by accumulating and then taking the closed volume. The target load volume is determined based on the theoretical single-hole load range, the average level of the current front row of borehole load volume, or the correspondence between the single-hole charge and the charge consumption per unit volume. When considering rock mass differences, the target load volume is adjusted according to the change in the unit volume charge of the current front row borehole relative to the benchmark unit volume charge. The difference between the single-hole load volume and the corresponding target load volume is compared, and the volume deviation is determined according to the ratio of the difference to the corresponding target load volume. Based on the comparison results of volume deviation with positive and negative thresholds, the corresponding front row boreholes are marked as having a larger load volume, a smaller load volume, or meeting the volume balance condition.

7. The method for balancing the load volume of boreholes before stepped blasting as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The output deployment results include, The reduction of volume deviation is used as the main control variable for hole position adjustment, and the hole spacing deviation, front row resistance line deviation, safety boundary distance and construction offset are used as the constraint variables for hole position adjustment. For the front row of boreholes with a large load volume, select the direction facing the free surface normal projection direction or the direction of the adjacent area with a small load volume as the borehole position fine adjustment direction; For the front row of blast holes with a relatively small load volume, select the direction facing the inside of the step or the adjacent area with a relatively large load volume as the direction for fine-tuning the hole position. The allowable step size for a single fine-tuning is determined based on the allowable cumulative offset during construction, the upper and lower limits of hole spacing, the limit of the resistance line, and the remaining distance of the safety boundary. When the candidate fine-tuned hole position meets the constraints of hole spacing, resistance line, safety boundary and construction offset, and the volume deviation evaluation result is improved, the candidate fine-tuned hole position is written. If the volume deviation evaluation result does not improve, gradually reduce the fine-tuning step size and re-evaluate; After each round of hole position fine-tuning is completed, the closed three-dimensional load volume unit corresponding to each front row of blast holes is reconstructed, and the single hole load volume and volume deviation are recalculated. The hole position adjustment is stopped when the maximum volume deviation of the current blast hole meets the preset threshold or when the number of iterations reaches the preset upper limit. The output includes optimized front-row borehole coordinates, single-hole load volume, borehole mesh parameters, charge amount, boundary safety verification results, and 3D visualization data.

8. A system for balancing the load volume of boreholes before bench blasting, employing the method for balancing the load volume of boreholes before bench blasting as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Includes a modeling and boundary definition module, a hole placement and cutting module, and a verification and optimization module; The modeling and boundary definition module is used to obtain the slope top line, slope bottom line, slope elevation points, and blasting constraints, and to construct a three-dimensional slope model that participates in free surface trimming; based on the three-dimensional slope model, safety boundaries, and hole mesh constraints, the area where holes can be placed, the free surface boundary, and the search range of the front row of holes are determined. The hole cutting module is used to match the platform width and hole mesh parameters within the front row hole search range to generate the initial hole position sequence of the front row blast holes; Based on the coordinates of each front row of boreholes, the free surface, the interface between adjacent boreholes, the interface between rows, and the upper and lower boundaries are cut to form a closed three-dimensional load volume unit. The verification and optimization module is used to calculate the single-hole load volume of each closed three-dimensional load volume unit and compare it with the target load volume to obtain the volume deviation; adjust the position of the front row of blast holes according to the volume deviation, and output the layout result when the hole spacing, resistance line, safety boundary and construction offset constraints are satisfied.

9. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the method for balancing the load volume of the pre-row boreholes in step blasting as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the method for balancing the load volume of the pre-row boreholes before step blasting, as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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