Energy-saving mine drilling depth setting and charging integrated device

Abstract

The application provides an energy-saving mine drilling depth setting and charging integrated device, which comprises a drilling mechanism, a slag discharging mechanism, a pushing mechanism and an anchoring mechanism. The drilling mechanism is used for forming a drilling hole; the slag discharging mechanism is used for discharging slag in the drilling hole when the drilling mechanism rotates forward, and forms a relative rotation relationship with the drilling mechanism at least partially when the drilling mechanism rotates reversely; the pushing mechanism is connected with the drilling mechanism and the slag discharging mechanism respectively, so as to output a pushing force along the axial direction of the drilling mechanism by the relative rotation between the drilling mechanism and the slag discharging mechanism; and the anchoring mechanism is used for loading explosive and anchoring the explosive to the bottom of the hole under the pushing of the pushing mechanism. Through the above arrangement, the drilling, slag discharging and charging actions can be integrated and completed in the same drilling tool, the process of repeatedly withdrawing and re-feeding the drill rod is reduced, the pushing power is formed by the reverse rotation of the drilling mechanism itself, and the configuration of an additional power source and the construction energy consumption are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of engineering blasting technology, and more specifically, to an energy-saving integrated device for fixed-depth charging in mining boreholes. Background Technology

[0002] In blasting operations during mining, it is typically necessary to create boreholes of a predetermined depth within the rock mass and then deliver explosives to their designated positions within the boreholes. During borehole construction, the drilling depth, the removal of slag within the borehole, and the stability of the explosive's position at the bottom of the hole all affect the charging efficiency and subsequent blasting effect. For deep holes, inclined holes, or boreholes with irregular walls, slag residue within the hole can easily increase the resistance to explosive delivery. The explosive is also more susceptible to factors such as friction from the borehole wall and insufficient space at the bottom of the hole during delivery. Therefore, the coordination between drilling, slag removal, depth determination, and charging processes requires a high degree of precision.

[0003] Current construction methods typically treat drilling, hole cleaning, depth measurement, and explosive loading as relatively independent steps. After drilling is completed, the drilling tools need to be removed, and then replaced or introduced with other loading tools to complete the explosive placement. This approach not only increases the number of times the drilling tools and loading tools need to be repeatedly moved in and out, but also prolongs the idle operation and auxiliary positioning time of the equipment, increasing power consumption and manual labor intensity during construction. Furthermore, when there is debris in the borehole or the bottom position is difficult to accurately determine, the loading tools may need to be repeatedly adjusted to deliver the explosive to the intended position, further increasing ineffective travel and energy loss, and affecting the stable placement of the explosive at the bottom of the hole.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a device to overcome the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide an energy-saving integrated device for fixed-depth charging in mining drilling, so as to at least solve the problems of low integration of the drilling and charging process and high energy consumption caused by repeated tool advances and retreats in existing drilling and blasting equipment.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an energy-saving integrated device for fixed-depth charging in mining drilling, comprising: a drilling mechanism extending along the drilling direction and used to form a borehole; a slag removal mechanism sleeved on the drilling mechanism, used to discharge slag from the borehole when the drilling mechanism rotates forward, and at least partially forming a relative rotational relationship with the drilling mechanism when the drilling mechanism rotates in reverse; a pushing mechanism coaxially arranged with the drilling mechanism and connected to both the drilling mechanism and the slag removal mechanism, so as to utilize the relative rotation between the drilling mechanism and the slag removal mechanism to output a thrust along the axial direction of the drilling mechanism; and an anchoring mechanism coaxially arranged inside the drilling mechanism and abutting against the pushing mechanism, used to load explosives, and extended from the front end of the drilling mechanism under the pushing of the pushing mechanism to anchor the explosives to the bottom of the hole.

[0007] Furthermore, the integrated device also includes a depth-determining mechanism, which includes an identifier and a detection component. The identifier is detachably mounted on the drilling mechanism, and the detection component is fixedly mounted on the borehole opening side. The detection component is used to detect the position of the identifier to determine the drilling depth of the drilling mechanism.

[0008] Furthermore, the drilling mechanism includes a power head, a first drill rod, a second drill rod, and an openable drill bit. The power head is connected to the first drill rod to drive the first drill rod to rotate and move axially. The second drill rod is coaxially arranged with the first drill rod and connected to the first drill rod through a slag removal mechanism. The openable drill bit is located at one end of the second drill rod near the bottom of the hole. The openable drill bit is used to drill in the closed state and to allow the anchoring mechanism to extend in the open state.

[0009] Furthermore, the slag discharge mechanism includes a first sleeve, a second sleeve, and a rotation limiting component. The outer periphery of the first sleeve and the second sleeve is provided with a spiral slag discharge structure. The first sleeve is sleeved on the first drill rod and connected to the first drill rod so as to rotate with the first drill rod. The second sleeve is sleeved on the first drill rod and the second drill rod and connected to the second drill rod. The rotation limiting component is disposed between the first drill rod and the second sleeve so that when the first drill rod rotates in the forward direction, it drives the second sleeve to rotate, and when the first drill rod rotates in the reverse direction, it forms a relative rotation with the second sleeve.

[0010] Furthermore, the drilling mechanism includes an openable drill bit, and the pushing mechanism includes a transmission assembly, a hydraulic pushing assembly, and a fixing assembly. The transmission assembly is connected to the drilling mechanism and the slag removal mechanism, and is used to convert the relative rotation between the drilling mechanism and the slag removal mechanism into axial movement. The hydraulic pushing assembly is connected to the transmission assembly to open the openable drill bit under the drive of the transmission assembly and push the anchoring mechanism to move axially along the drilling mechanism. The fixing assembly is connected to the hydraulic pushing assembly, and is used to limit the anchoring mechanism and release the limit of the anchoring mechanism under the drive of the hydraulic pushing assembly.

[0011] Furthermore, the transmission assembly includes a threaded sleeve, a threaded rod, a drive rod, a limiting rod, and a fixing rod. The threaded sleeve is connected to the drilling mechanism via the fixing rod to rotate with the drilling mechanism. The threaded rod is threadedly connected to the threaded sleeve, and the drive rod is connected to the threaded rod. The drive rod has an elongated hole extending along the axial direction of the drilling mechanism. The limiting rod passes through the elongated hole and is perpendicular to the drive rod. Both ends of the limiting rod are fixed to the slag discharge mechanism to restrict the rotation of the drive rod and allow the drive rod to move along the axial direction of the drilling mechanism.

[0012] Furthermore, the hydraulic pushing assembly includes a hydraulic cylinder body, a first piston disposed within the hydraulic cylinder body, and a first flow channel formed on the hydraulic cylinder body. The hydraulic cylinder body is disposed within the drilling mechanism. The first piston is connected to a drive rod to squeeze the liquid within the hydraulic cylinder body under the drive of the drive rod. The first flow channel is used to transport the liquid to the openable drill bit. The openable drill bit includes a drill bit seat, multiple cutter wings, and multiple hydraulic cylinders. The drill bit seat is disposed at the front end of the drilling mechanism. The first ends of the multiple cutter wings are arranged circumferentially along the drill bit seat and are movably connected to the drill bit seat. The output ends of the multiple hydraulic cylinders are hinged to the multiple cutter wings one-to-one. The multiple hydraulic cylinders are connected to the first flow channel to drive the second end of the corresponding cutter wing to swing around its first end in a direction away from the axis of the drilling mechanism when the liquid enters the first flow channel.

[0013] Furthermore, the hydraulic pushing assembly also includes a blocking component and a second flow channel. The blocking component includes a first limiting member, a second limiting member, a plug, and a first elastic member. The second flow channel is opened on the hydraulic cylinder body and communicates with the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder body. The first limiting member, the plug, the first elastic member, and the second limiting member are sequentially arranged in the second flow channel. The two sides of the plug abut against the first limiting member and the first elastic member, respectively. The end of the first elastic member away from the plug abuts against the second limiting member. The plug is used to block the second flow channel or to open the second flow channel under hydraulic force after the openable drill bit is opened to a predetermined state. The anchoring mechanism is provided with a locking groove. The fixing assembly includes a third flow channel, a locking pin, a second elastic member, and an unlocking pressure plate. The third flow channel is opened on the hydraulic cylinder body and communicates with the second flow channel. The locking pin is movably arranged on the hydraulic pushing assembly. The second elastic member is used to drive the locking pin to extend into the locking groove. The unlocking pressure plate is arranged on the locking pin and located in the third flow channel so as to drive the locking pin out of the locking groove under hydraulic force after the plug opens the second flow channel.

[0014] Furthermore, the hydraulic push assembly also includes a second piston and a push rod. The second piston is movably disposed within the second flow channel and located on the side of the plug away from the internal cavity of the hydraulic cylinder. The push rod is connected to the second piston and abuts against the anchoring mechanism to push the anchoring mechanism to extend axially along the drilling mechanism after the liquid enters the second flow channel.

[0015] Furthermore, the anchoring mechanism includes a charge storage cylinder, an anchor, and a guide. The charge storage cylinder is arranged axially within the drilling mechanism and is used to contain explosives. The anchor is located at one end of the charge storage cylinder near the bottom of the hole and is connected to the charge storage cylinder. The anchor is used to anchor the charge storage cylinder to the bottom of the hole after it extends out of the drilling mechanism. The guide is located within the drilling mechanism and is sleeved on the charge storage cylinder to guide the charge storage cylinder to move axially along the drilling mechanism.

[0016] This invention discloses an energy-saving integrated device for fixed-depth explosive loading in mining drilling, comprising: a drilling mechanism, a slag removal mechanism, a pushing mechanism, and an anchoring mechanism. The drilling mechanism extends along the drilling direction and is used to form a borehole. The slag removal mechanism is sleeved on the drilling mechanism and is used to discharge slag from the borehole when the drilling mechanism rotates forward, and at least partially forms a relative rotational relationship with the drilling mechanism when the drilling mechanism rotates in the reverse direction. The pushing mechanism is coaxially arranged with the drilling mechanism and is connected to both the drilling mechanism and the slag removal mechanism, so as to utilize the relative rotation between the drilling mechanism and the slag removal mechanism to output a thrust along the axial direction of the drilling mechanism. The anchoring mechanism is coaxially arranged inside the drilling mechanism and abuts against the pushing mechanism. The anchoring mechanism is used to load explosives and extends from the front end of the drilling mechanism under the pushing of the pushing mechanism to anchor the explosives to the bottom of the hole. With the above configuration, the device can integrate drilling, slag removal, and charging actions into the same set of drilling tools, reducing the need for repeated drill rod withdrawal and re-feeding of explosives. It also utilizes the reverse rotation of the drilling mechanism itself to generate pushing power, reducing the need for additional power sources and construction energy consumption. This solves the problems of low integration of drilling and charging processes and high energy consumption caused by repeated tool advances and retreats in existing drilling and blasting equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of an energy-saving integrated device for fixed-depth charging in mining drilling, which is optional according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of an energy-saving integrated device for fixed-depth charging in mining drilling, which is optional according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the drilling mechanism, the depth-fixing mechanism, and the transmission assembly of an energy-saving integrated mining drilling depth-fixing charging device, which is optional according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic pushing component, anchoring mechanism, and openable drill bit of an energy-saving integrated mining drilling depth charging device, which is optional according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a partial view of the fixing components and anchoring mechanism of an energy-saving integrated device for fixed-depth charging in mining drilling, which is optional according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6This is a partial view of the hydraulic pushing component, anchoring mechanism, and openable drill bit of an energy-saving integrated drilling and charging device for fixed-depth mining, which is optional according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure label:

[0025] 10. Drilling mechanism; 11. Power head; 12. First drill rod; 13. Second drill rod; 14. Openable drill bit; 141. Drill bit holder; 142. Cutting blade; 143. Hydraulic cylinder; 20. Slag removal mechanism; 21. First sleeve; 22. Second sleeve; 23. Rotation limiting component; 30. Pushing mechanism; 31. Transmission assembly; 311. Threaded sleeve; 312. Threaded rod; 313. Drive rod; 3131. Long hole; 314. Limiting rod; 315. Fixing rod; 32. Hydraulic pushing assembly; 321. Hydraulic cylinder body; 322. First movable... 323. Plug; 324. First flow channel; 325. Sealing component; 3241. First elastic element; 3242. First limiting element; 3243. Second limiting element; 3244. Plug body; 325. Second flow channel; 326. Second piston; 327. Push rod; 33. Fixing assembly; 331. Locking pin; 332. Second elastic element; 333. Unlocking pressure plate; 334. Third flow channel; 40. Anchoring mechanism; 41. Locking groove; 42. Medicine storage cylinder; 43. Anchor; 44. Guide element; 50. Depth setting mechanism; 51. Identifier; 52. Detection element. Detailed Implementation

[0026] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0027] like Figure 1As shown, an energy-saving integrated device for fixed-depth charging in mining drilling according to the present invention includes: a drilling mechanism 10, a slag removal mechanism 20, a pushing mechanism 30, and an anchoring mechanism 40. The drilling mechanism 10 extends along the drilling direction and is used to form a borehole. The slag removal mechanism 20 is sleeved on the drilling mechanism 10 and is used to remove slag from the borehole when the drilling mechanism 10 rotates in the forward direction, and to form a relative rotational relationship with the drilling mechanism 10 at least partially when the drilling mechanism 10 rotates in the reverse direction. The pushing mechanism 30 is coaxially arranged with the drilling mechanism 10 and is connected to both the drilling mechanism 10 and the slag removal mechanism 20 to output a thrust along the axial direction of the drilling mechanism 10 by utilizing the relative rotation between the drilling mechanism 10 and the slag removal mechanism 20. The anchoring mechanism 40 is coaxially arranged inside the drilling mechanism 10 and abuts against the pushing mechanism 30. The anchoring mechanism 40 is used to load explosives and extends from the front end of the drilling mechanism 10 under the push of the pushing mechanism 30 to anchor the explosives to the bottom of the hole. With the above configuration, the device can integrate drilling, slag removal, and charging actions into the same set of drilling tools, reducing the need for repeated drill rod withdrawal and re-feeding of explosives. It also utilizes the reverse rotation of the drilling mechanism 10 itself to generate pushing power, reducing the need for additional power sources and construction energy consumption. This solves the problems of low integration of drilling and charging processes and high energy consumption caused by repeated tool advances and retreats in existing drilling and blasting equipment.

[0028] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the integrated device also includes a depth-determining mechanism 50, which includes an identifier 51 and a detection element 52. The identifier 51 is detachably mounted on the drilling mechanism 10, and the detection element 52 is fixedly mounted on the borehole opening side. The detection element 52 is used to detect the position of the identifier 51 to determine the drilling depth of the drilling mechanism 10. Specifically, the identifier 51 can be fixed to the outer periphery of the drilling mechanism 10 by a clamp, so that the axial installation position of the identifier 51 on the drilling mechanism 10 can be adjusted according to the predetermined drilling depth. When the identifier 51 reaches the corresponding position of the detection element 52, it can be determined that the front end of the drilling mechanism 10 has reached the predetermined drilling depth. In practical applications, the identifier 51 and the detection element 52 can adopt structures that can realize position detection, such as magnetic blocks and Hall sensors, metal induction elements and proximity switches, photoelectric markers and photoelectric detection elements. Through the above settings, the installation position of the identifier 51 can be adjusted to adapt to different hole depth requirements, reducing manual measurement and repeated calibration processes, enabling the device to promptly enter the subsequent loading and retention process after reaching the target depth.

[0029] Furthermore, such as Figure 2As shown, the drilling mechanism 10 includes a power head 11, a first drill rod 12, a second drill rod 13, and an openable drill bit 14. The power head 11 is connected to the first drill rod 12 to drive the first drill rod 12 to rotate and move axially. The second drill rod 13 is coaxially arranged with the first drill rod 12 and connected to the first drill rod 12 through a slag removal mechanism 20. The openable drill bit 14 is located at one end of the second drill rod 13 near the bottom of the hole. The openable drill bit 14 is used for drilling in the closed state and for extending the anchoring mechanism 40 in the open state. The power head 11 can drive the first drill rod 12 to rotate forward or backward and can drive the first drill rod 12 to move axially to complete drilling, retraction, and withdrawal actions. The first drill rod 12 and the second drill rod 13 can be spaced apart axially. A closable drill bit 14 is located at the end of the second drill rod 13 near the bottom of the hole. In the closed state, the closable drill bit 14 forms a drilling end suitable for cutting rock; in the open state, the closable drill bit 14 forms a channel for the anchoring mechanism 40 to extend. During construction, the power head 11 first drives the drilling mechanism 10 to rotate forward and feed axially to form a borehole. After reaching the predetermined depth, the power head 11 can drive the drilling mechanism 10 to retract a certain distance, reserving space for the closable drill bit 14 to open. Through the above arrangement, drilling and subsequent charging operations can be completed within the same drilling channel, avoiding energy consumption and increased operation time caused by additional hole enlargement or separate charging tools.

[0030] Furthermore, such as Figure 2As shown, the slag discharge mechanism 20 includes a first sleeve 21, a second sleeve 22, and a rotation limiting component 23. The outer periphery of the first sleeve 21 and the second sleeve 22 is provided with a spiral slag discharge structure. The first sleeve 21 is sleeved on and connected to the first drill rod 12, rotating with it. The second sleeve 22 is sleeved on and connected to the first drill rod 12 and the second drill rod 13. The rotation limiting component 23 is disposed between the first drill rod 12 and the second sleeve 22, so that when the first drill rod 12 rotates forward, it drives the second sleeve 22 to rotate, and when the first drill rod 12 rotates in the reverse direction, it forms a relative rotation with the second sleeve 22. The rotation limiting component 23 can be a one-way clutch, a ratchet and pawl structure, or other structures capable of transmitting torque in one direction. When the first drill rod 12 rotates forward, the rotation limiting component 23 causes the first drill rod 12 to drive the second sleeve 22 to rotate; when the first drill rod 12 rotates in the reverse direction, the first drill rod 12 and the second sleeve 22 form a relative rotation. A spiral slag discharge structure can be provided on the outer periphery of the first sleeve 21 and the second sleeve 22. The spiral slag discharge structure extends spirally along the axial direction and is used to discharge the slag in the borehole to the borehole opening during forward drilling. During reverse rotation, the first sleeve 21 can push the slag between itself and the borehole wall toward the second sleeve 22, so that the second sleeve 22 tends to remain stationary due to the resistance of the borehole wall and the slag. With the above configuration, the slag discharge mechanism 20 can not only perform the slag discharge function during drilling, but also provide relative rotation conditions for the pushing mechanism 30 during the reverse operation phase, so that the slag discharge structure also has the function of transmission reference, reducing the structural complexity brought about by introducing additional mechanisms.

[0031] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the drilling mechanism 10 includes an openable drill bit 14, and the pushing mechanism 30 includes a transmission assembly 31, a hydraulic pushing assembly 32, and a fixing assembly 33. The transmission assembly 31 is connected to the drilling mechanism 10 and the slag removal mechanism 20, and is used to convert the relative rotation between the drilling mechanism 10 and the slag removal mechanism 20 into axial movement. The hydraulic pushing assembly 32 is connected to the transmission assembly 31, so that under the drive of the transmission assembly 31, it opens the openable drill bit 14 and pushes the anchoring mechanism 40 to move axially along the drilling mechanism 10. The fixing assembly 33 is connected to the hydraulic pushing assembly 32, and is used to limit the anchoring mechanism 40 and release the limit of the anchoring mechanism 40 under the drive of the hydraulic pushing assembly 32. After the transmission assembly 31 generates axial movement, it acts on the hydraulic pushing assembly 32. The liquid in the hydraulic pushing assembly 32 is pressurized and first used to open the openable drill bit 14, then used by the fixing assembly 33 to release the limit of the anchoring mechanism 40, and finally used to push the anchoring mechanism 40 to move axially along the drilling mechanism 10. The fixing component 33 is connected to the hydraulic pushing component 32. In the initial state, the fixing component 33 limits the anchoring mechanism 40 to prevent premature axial movement of the anchoring mechanism 40 during drilling vibration or slag removal. Driven by the hydraulic pushing component 32, the fixing component 33 releases the limit on the anchoring mechanism 40, allowing the anchoring mechanism 40 to be pushed out after the openable drill bit 14 is opened. Through the above settings, the pushing mechanism 30 can complete its actions in the sequence of converting rotational motion to axial motion, hydraulically opening the drill bit, releasing the limit, and axial pushing, so that the anchoring mechanism 40 extends at the appropriate time, reducing energy waste caused by malfunctions and idle strokes.

[0032] Furthermore, such as Figure 3As shown, the transmission assembly 31 includes a threaded sleeve 311, a threaded rod 312, a drive rod 313, a limiting rod 314, and a fixing rod 315. The threaded sleeve 311 is connected to the drilling mechanism 10 via the fixing rod 315 to rotate with the drilling mechanism 10. The threaded rod 312 is threadedly connected to the threaded sleeve 311, and the drive rod 313 is connected to the threaded rod 312. The drive rod 313 has an elongated hole 3131 extending axially along the drilling mechanism 10. The limiting rod 314 passes through the elongated hole 3131 and is perpendicular to the drive rod 313. Both ends of the limiting rod 314 are fixed to the slag discharge mechanism 20 to restrict the rotation of the drive rod 313 and allow the drive rod 313 to move axially along the drilling mechanism 10. Specifically, the fixing rod 315 is fixedly connected to the first drill rod 12 and radially connected to the threaded sleeve 311, so that the threaded sleeve 311 rotates synchronously with the first drill rod 12. The threaded rod 312 is threadedly connected to the threaded sleeve 311, and the drive rod 313 is coaxially connected to the threaded rod 312. The two ends of the limiting rod 314 are fixed to the second sleeve 22, allowing the drive rod 313 to slide relative to the second sleeve 22 along the extension direction of the elongated hole 3131, but preventing it from rotating relative to the second sleeve 22. When relative rotation occurs between the drilling mechanism 10 and the slag discharge mechanism 20, the threaded sleeve 311 rotates relative to the threaded rod 312, and the threaded rod 312 moves axially under the anti-rotation restriction of the drive rod 313, driving the drive rod 313 forward. Through this configuration, the transmission assembly 31 can convert the existing reverse rotation action into an axial pushing action without the need for an additional linear drive source, making the device structure compact and reducing drive energy consumption.

[0033] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 and Figure 6As shown, the hydraulic pushing assembly 32 includes a hydraulic cylinder 321, a first piston 322 disposed within the hydraulic cylinder 321, and a first flow channel 323 formed on the hydraulic cylinder 321. The hydraulic cylinder 321 is disposed within the drilling mechanism 10. The first piston 322 is connected to a drive rod 313 to compress the liquid within the hydraulic cylinder 321 under the drive of the drive rod 313. The first flow channel 323 is used to transport the liquid to the openable drill bit 14. The openable drill bit 14 includes a drill bit seat 141 and multiple cutter wings. The drilling mechanism 10 includes a drill bit holder 141 located at the front end of the drilling mechanism 10. The first ends of multiple cutter wings 142 are arranged circumferentially around the drill bit holder 141 and movably connected to it. The output ends of the multiple hydraulic cylinders 143 are hinged to the cutter wings 142 one-to-one. The multiple hydraulic cylinders 143 are connected to a first flow channel 323 to drive the second end of the corresponding cutter wing 142 to swing around its first end away from the axis of the drilling mechanism 10 when liquid enters the first flow channel 323. The hydraulic cylinder body 321 can be made of alloy steel, and its internal cavity is used to contain a pressure transmission medium suitable for the downhole environment. A first piston 322 is located inside the hydraulic cylinder body 321 and connected to a drive rod 313. When the drive rod 313 moves axially, the first piston 322 compresses the liquid inside the hydraulic cylinder body 321, causing the liquid to be transported through the first flow channel 323 to the openable drill bit 14. When the liquid enters the first flow channel 323, each hydraulic cylinder 143 extends and pushes the second end of the corresponding cutter wing 142 to swing around its first end in a direction away from the axis of the drilling mechanism 10, so that the openable drill bit 14 changes from a closed state to an open state; after opening, a space is formed between the multiple cutter wings 142 for the anchoring mechanism 40 to pass through. With the above configuration, the openable drill bit 14 can remain closed during the drilling stage to ensure drilling capability, and open during the charging stage to release the channel, so that the drilling end itself has both drilling and clearance functions, reducing downtime and energy loss caused by tool changes.

[0034] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the hydraulic pushing assembly 32 also includes a blocking component 324 and a second flow channel 325. The blocking component 324 includes a first limiting member 3242, a second limiting member 3243, a plug 3244, and a first elastic member 3241. The second flow channel 325 is formed on the hydraulic cylinder body 321 and communicates with the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder body 321. The first limiting member 3242, the plug 3244, the first elastic member 3241, and the second limiting member 3243 are sequentially arranged in the second flow channel 325. The two sides of the plug 3244 abut against the first limiting member 3242 and the first elastic member 3241, respectively. The end of the first elastic member 3241 away from the plug 3244 abuts against the second limiting member 3243. The plug 3244 is used to block the second flow channel. The second flow channel 325 is opened under hydraulic force after the openable drill bit 14 is opened to a predetermined state; the anchoring mechanism 40 is provided with a locking groove 41, and the fixing component 33 includes a third flow channel 334, a locking pin 331, a second elastic element 332, and an unlocking pressure plate 333. The third flow channel 334 is opened on the hydraulic cylinder body 321 and communicates with the second flow channel 325. The locking pin 331 is movably set on the hydraulic pushing component 32. The second elastic element 332 is used to drive the locking pin 331 to extend into the locking groove 41. The unlocking pressure plate 333 is set on the locking pin 331 and located in the third flow channel 334 so that after the plug 3244 opens the second flow channel 325, it drives the locking pin 331 to exit the locking groove 41 under hydraulic force. The first limiting member 3242 and the second limiting member 3243 can be a seat structure with a guide hole. When the openable drill bit 14 is not yet opened to the predetermined state, the liquid preferentially acts on the openable drill bit 14 through the first flow channel 323. When the openable drill bit 14 is opened to the predetermined state, the pressure inside the hydraulic cylinder 321 increases, and the plug 3244 compresses the first elastic element 3241 under the hydraulic force and moves away from the first limiting element 3242, thereby opening the second flow channel 325. After the second flow channel 325 is opened, the liquid enters the third flow channel 334 and acts on the unlocking pressure plate 333. The unlocking pressure plate 333 drives the locking pin 331 to overcome the elastic force of the second elastic element 332 and exit the locking groove 41. After the anchoring mechanism 40 starts to move, the axial position of the locking groove 41 and the locking pin 331 is misaligned, and the locking pin 331 no longer enters the locking groove 41. With the above settings, the sealing component 324 can make the action of opening the openable drill bit 14 take precedence over the unlocking action, and the fixing component 33 can stably maintain the position of the anchoring mechanism 40 during the drilling stage and reliably release the anchoring mechanism 40 after the hydraulic conditions are met, so as to avoid the anchoring mechanism 40 extending prematurely or getting stuck midway.

[0035] Furthermore, such as Figure 4As shown, the hydraulic pushing assembly 32 also includes a second piston 326 and a push rod 327. The second piston 326 is movably disposed within the second flow channel 325 and located on the side of the plug 3244 away from the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 321. The push rod 327 is connected to the second piston 326 and abuts against the anchoring mechanism 40, so as to push the anchoring mechanism 40 to extend axially along the drilling mechanism 10 after the liquid enters the second flow channel 325. After the plug 3244 opens the second flow channel 325 and the fixing assembly 33 releases the restriction on the anchoring mechanism 40, the liquid pushes the second piston 326 to move axially along the drilling mechanism 10. The second piston 326 drives the push rod 327 forward, and the push rod 327 pushes the anchoring mechanism 40 to extend from the front end of the drilling mechanism 10 in an abutting manner. The pressure-bearing area of ​​the first piston 322 is larger than that of the second piston 326. During the liquid volume transfer process, the smaller axial stroke of the first piston 322 can be converted into a larger axial stroke of the second piston 326, thereby meeting the pushing distance required for the anchoring mechanism 40 to extend beyond the bottom of the hole. The push rod 327 and the anchoring mechanism 40 are in an abutting relationship rather than a fixed connection. After the anchoring mechanism 40 is fixed to the bottom of the hole, the push rod 327 can separate from the anchoring mechanism 40 when the drilling mechanism 10 retracts. Through the above configuration, the hydraulic pushing assembly 32 can obtain a larger pushing stroke within the limited internal space of the drill bit and avoid bringing the anchoring mechanism 40 back during retraction, thus improving the reliability of charge placement.

[0036] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the anchoring mechanism 40 includes a charge storage cylinder 42, an anchor 43, and a guide 44. The charge storage cylinder 42 is arranged axially within the drilling mechanism 10 and is used to contain explosives. The anchor 43 is located at one end of the charge storage cylinder 42 near the bottom of the hole and is connected to the charge storage cylinder 42. The anchor 43 is used to anchor the charge storage cylinder 42 to the bottom of the hole after it extends out of the drilling mechanism 10. The guide 44 is located within the drilling mechanism 10 and is sleeved on the charge storage cylinder 42 to guide the charge storage cylinder 42 to move axially along the drilling mechanism 10. Specifically, a locking groove 41 is formed on the charge storage cylinder 42. The charge storage cylinder 42 can be an impact-resistant metal cylinder, an antistatic composite material cylinder, or other cylindrical containers suitable for mining blasting environments. The anchor 43 can be an insert-type anchoring structure with a pointed tip, an elastic anchoring structure that can expand radially after extending out of the drilling mechanism 10, or an anchoring structure that is squeezed and fitted to the bottom of the hole after being subjected to axial thrust. A guide member 44 is disposed within the drilling mechanism 10 and sleeved on the explosive storage cylinder 42. The guide member 44 is used to limit the radial sway of the explosive storage cylinder 42 and guide the explosive storage cylinder 42 to move axially along the drilling mechanism 10. The guide member 44 can be fixed to the hydraulic cylinder body 321 or the second drill rod 13. During operation, the push rod 327 pushes the explosive storage cylinder 42 to move towards the bottom of the hole. The explosive storage cylinder 42 drives the anchor 43 to pass through the opened and closable drill bit 14 and extend to the bottom of the hole. Under the action of axial thrust, the anchor 43 is inserted, squeezed, or unfolded and fixed to the bottom of the hole. Subsequently, the drilling mechanism 10 is retracted as a whole, and the explosive storage cylinder 42 and the anchor 43 remain at the bottom of the hole. Through the above arrangement, the explosive can be accurately delivered with the explosive storage cylinder 42 and maintained at the predetermined bottom of the hole, reducing manual delivery and secondary positioning operations, making the drilling and charging process more continuous, stable, and energy-saving.

[0037] In operation, the power head 11 drives the first drill rod 12 to rotate forward and feed axially. The first drill rod 12 drives the first sleeve 21 to rotate, and simultaneously drives the second sleeve 22 and the second drill rod 13 to rotate through the rotation limiting component 23, so that the openable drill bit 14 is in a closed state and drilling begins. During drilling, the first sleeve 21 and the second sleeve 22 cooperate to discharge the cuttings in the borehole towards the borehole opening. When the detection component 52 of the depth setting mechanism 50 detects that the marker 51 has reached the predetermined position, it indicates that the drilling depth has reached the set requirement. Subsequently, the power head 11 drives the drilling mechanism 10 to retract a certain distance, reserving space for the openable drill bit 14 to open and the anchoring mechanism 40 to extend. Afterward, the power head 11 drives the first drill rod 12 to rotate in the opposite direction. At this time, under the action of the rotation limiting component 23 and the resistance of the borehole wall and cuttings, the first drill rod 12 and the second sleeve 22 rotate relative to each other. The transmission component 31 uses this relative rotation to make the threaded sleeve 311 rotate relative to the threaded rod 312. Because the limiting rod 314 passes through the elongated hole 3131 of the drive rod 313 and restricts the rotation of the drive rod 313, the threaded rod 312 drives the drive rod 313 to move axially. The drive rod 313 pushes the first piston 322 to squeeze the liquid in the hydraulic cylinder 321. The liquid first enters multiple hydraulic cylinders 143 through the first flow channel 323. The multiple hydraulic cylinders 143 push the corresponding cutter blades 142 to swing away from the axis of the drilling mechanism 10, so that the openable drill bit 14 opens. After the openable drill bit 14 is opened to the predetermined state, the hydraulic pressure increases, and the plug 3244 overcomes the action of the first elastic element 3241 to open the second flow channel 325. After the liquid enters the second flow channel 325, it first acts on the unlocking pressure plate 333 through the third flow channel 334, causing the locking pin 331 to exit the locking groove 41 of the anchoring mechanism 40, releasing the limitation on the anchoring mechanism 40. Then, it pushes the second piston 326 to move, and the second piston 326 drives the push rod 327 to push against the storage cartridge 42, causing the storage cartridge 42 and the anchor 43 to extend along the axial direction of the drilling mechanism 10. After the anchor 43 reaches the bottom of the hole, it is fixed there. Then, the drilling mechanism 10 retracts, and the storage cartridge 42 remains at the bottom of the hole along with the anchor 43, completing the fixed-depth charging.

[0038] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy-saving integrated device for fixed-depth charging in mining boreholes, characterized in that, include: A drilling mechanism (10) is provided extending along the drilling direction and is used to form a borehole; The slag discharge mechanism (20) is sleeved on the drilling mechanism (10). The slag discharge mechanism (20) is used to discharge the slag in the borehole when the drilling mechanism (10) rotates in the forward direction, and at least partially forms a relative rotational relationship with the drilling mechanism (10) when the drilling mechanism (10) rotates in the reverse direction. Pushing mechanism (30) is coaxially arranged with drilling mechanism (10). The pushing mechanism (30) is connected to drilling mechanism (10) and slag removal mechanism (20) respectively, so as to output thrust along the axial direction of drilling mechanism (10) by utilizing the relative rotation between drilling mechanism (10) and slag removal mechanism (20). An anchoring mechanism (40) is coaxially disposed within the drilling mechanism (10) and abuts against the pushing mechanism (30). The anchoring mechanism (40) is used to load explosives and extends from the front end of the drilling mechanism (10) under the pushing of the pushing mechanism (30) to anchor the explosives to the bottom of the hole.

2. The energy-saving integrated device for fixed-depth charging in mining boreholes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated device also includes a depth-determining mechanism (50), which includes an identifier (51) and a detection element (52). The identifier (51) is detachably mounted on the drilling mechanism (10), and the detection element (52) is fixedly mounted on the borehole opening side. The detection element (52) is used to detect the position of the identifier (51) to determine the drilling depth of the drilling mechanism (10).

3. The energy-saving integrated device for fixed-depth charging in mining boreholes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drilling mechanism (10) includes a power head (11), a first drill rod (12), a second drill rod (13), and an openable drill bit (14). The power head (11) is connected to the first drill rod (12) to drive the first drill rod (12) to rotate and move axially. The second drill rod (13) is coaxially arranged with the first drill rod (12) and connected to the first drill rod (12) through the slag removal mechanism (20). The openable drill bit (14) is arranged at one end of the second drill rod (13) near the bottom of the hole. The openable drill bit (14) is used to drill in the closed state and to allow the anchoring mechanism (40) to extend in the open state.

4. The energy-saving integrated device for fixed-depth charging in mining boreholes according to claim 3, characterized in that, The slag discharge mechanism (20) includes a first sleeve (21), a second sleeve (22), and a rotation limiting component (23). The outer periphery of the first sleeve (21) and the second sleeve (22) is provided with a spiral slag discharge structure. The first sleeve (21) is sleeved on the first drill rod (12) and connected to the first drill rod (12) so as to rotate with the first drill rod (12). The second sleeve (22) is sleeved on the first drill rod (12) and the second drill rod (13) and connected to the second drill rod (13). The rotation limiting component (23) is disposed between the first drill rod (12) and the second sleeve (22) so that when the first drill rod (12) rotates in the forward direction, it drives the second sleeve (22) to rotate, and when the first drill rod (12) rotates in the reverse direction, it forms a relative rotation with the second sleeve (22).

5. The energy-saving integrated device for fixed-depth charging in mining boreholes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drilling mechanism (10) includes an openable drill bit (14), and the pushing mechanism (30) includes a transmission assembly (31), a hydraulic pushing assembly (32), and a fixing assembly (33). The transmission assembly (31) is connected to the drilling mechanism (10) and the slag removal mechanism (20). The transmission assembly (31) is used to convert the relative rotation between the drilling mechanism (10) and the slag removal mechanism (20) into axial movement. The hydraulic pushing assembly (32) is connected to the transmission assembly (31) to open the openable drill bit (14) under the drive of the transmission assembly (31) and push the anchoring mechanism (40) to move axially along the drilling mechanism (10). The fixing assembly (33) is connected to the hydraulic pushing assembly (32). The fixing assembly (33) is used to limit the anchoring mechanism (40) and release the limit of the anchoring mechanism (40) under the drive of the hydraulic pushing assembly (32).

6. The energy-saving integrated device for fixed-depth charging in mining boreholes according to claim 5, characterized in that, The transmission assembly (31) includes a threaded sleeve (311), a threaded rod (312), a drive rod (313), a limiting rod (314), and a fixing rod (315). The threaded sleeve (311) is connected to the drilling mechanism (10) via the fixing rod (315) to rotate with the drilling mechanism (10). The threaded rod (312) is threadedly connected to the threaded sleeve (311), and the drive rod (313) is connected to the threaded rod (312). The drive rod (313) has an elongated hole (3131) extending along the axial direction of the drilling mechanism (10). The limiting rod (314) passes through the elongated hole (3131) and is perpendicular to the drive rod (313). The two ends of the limiting rod (314) are fixed on the slag discharge mechanism (20) to restrict the rotation of the drive rod (313) and allow the drive rod (313) to move along the axial direction of the drilling mechanism (10).

7. The energy-saving integrated device for fixed-depth charging in mining boreholes according to claim 6, characterized in that, The hydraulic push assembly (32) includes a hydraulic cylinder (321), a first piston (322) disposed in the hydraulic cylinder (321), and a first flow channel (323) opened on the hydraulic cylinder (321). The hydraulic cylinder (321) is disposed in the drilling mechanism (10). The first piston (322) is connected to the drive rod (313) to squeeze the liquid in the hydraulic cylinder (321) under the drive of the drive rod (313). The first flow channel (323) is used to transport the liquid to the openable drill bit (14). The openable drill bit (14) includes a drill bit seat (141), multiple blades (142) and multiple hydraulic cylinders (143). The drill bit seat (141) is located at the front end of the drilling mechanism (10). The first ends of the multiple blades (142) are arranged circumferentially along the drill bit seat (141) and are movably connected to the drill bit seat (141). The output ends of the multiple hydraulic cylinders (143) are hinged to the multiple blades (142) one by one. The multiple hydraulic cylinders (143) are connected to the first flow channel (323) so that when the liquid enters the first flow channel (323), the second end of the corresponding blade (142) is driven to swing around its first end in a direction away from the axis of the drilling mechanism (10).

8. The energy-saving integrated device for fixed-depth charging in mining boreholes according to claim 7, characterized in that, The hydraulic pushing assembly (32) further includes a blocking component (324) and a second flow channel (325). The blocking component (324) includes a first limiting member (3242), a second limiting member (3243), a plug (3244), and a first elastic member (3241). The second flow channel (325) is formed on the hydraulic cylinder body (321) and communicates with the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder body (321). The first limiting member (3242), the plug (3244), the first elastic member (3241), and the second elastic member (3241) are connected to the hydraulic cylinder body (321). Positioning elements (3243) are sequentially arranged in the second flow channel (325). The two sides of the plug (3244) abut against the first limiting element (3242) and the first elastic element (3241) respectively. The end of the first elastic element (3241) away from the plug (3244) abuts against the second limiting element (3243). The plug (3244) is used to block the second flow channel (325) or to open the second flow channel (325) under hydraulic force after the openable drill bit (14) is opened to a predetermined state. The anchoring mechanism (40) is provided with a locking groove (41). The fixing component (33) includes a third flow channel (334), a locking pin (331), a second elastic element (332), and an unlocking pressure plate (333). The third flow channel (334) is opened on the hydraulic cylinder body (321) and communicates with the second flow channel (325). The locking pin (331) is movably disposed on the hydraulic pushing component (32). The second elastic element (332) is used to drive the locking pin (331) to extend into the locking groove (41). The unlocking pressure plate (333) is disposed on the locking pin (331) and located in the third flow channel (334) so ​​that after the plug (3244) opens the second flow channel (325), the locking pin (331) is driven to exit the locking groove (41) under hydraulic force.

9. The energy-saving integrated device for fixed-depth charging in mining boreholes according to claim 8, characterized in that, The hydraulic push assembly (32) further includes a second piston (326) and a push rod (327). The second piston (326) is movably disposed in the second flow channel (325) and located on the side of the plug (3244) away from the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder (321). The push rod (327) is connected to the second piston (326) and abuts against the anchoring mechanism (40) to push the anchoring mechanism (40) to extend axially along the drilling mechanism (10) after the liquid enters the second flow channel (325).

10. The energy-saving integrated device for fixed-depth charging in mining boreholes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anchoring mechanism (40) includes a storage cylinder (42), an anchor (43), and a guide (44). The storage cylinder (42) is arranged in the drilling mechanism (10) along the axial direction and is used to contain the explosive. The anchor (43) is arranged at one end of the storage cylinder (42) near the bottom of the hole and is connected to the storage cylinder (42). The anchor (43) is used to anchor the storage cylinder (42) to the bottom of the hole after it extends out of the drilling mechanism (10). The guide (44) is arranged in the drilling mechanism (10) and sleeved on the storage cylinder (42) to guide the storage cylinder (42) to move along the axial direction of the drilling mechanism (10).

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