A high-precision soil bulk density automatic collection device

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of soil collection, in particular to a high-precision soil bulk density automatic collection device, which comprises a moving support mechanism and an automatic sampling mechanism, the automatic sampling mechanism comprises a linear push rod motor fixed at the top of the moving support mechanism, the piston end of the linear push rod motor is fixedly connected with a connecting frame, the connecting frame is fixed on the shell of an electromagnet push rod through bolts, when the electromagnet push rod is electrified, the internal magnetic core drives the rod body to move downward, so that the first pull ring is impacted downward, the second pull ring, the ring cutter cover and the lower collection ring cutter connected with the first pull ring are vertically penetrated into the soil as a whole. The linear push rod motor, the electromagnet impact mechanism and the collection ring cutter with buckles are integrated, automatic penetration, accurate depth control, whole cylinder lifting and structure maintenance of soil bulk density sampling are realized, the efficiency, soil sample integrity and determination accuracy are improved, and the drawbacks of traditional manual sampling, such as high labor intensity and easy disturbance of soil samples, are overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil sampling technology, specifically to a highly accurate automatic soil bulk density sampling device. Background Technology

[0002] Soil bulk density refers to the dry weight of a unit volume of soil (including soil particles and pores) under natural conditions (maintaining its original structure and porosity). It is an important physical parameter characterizing soil compaction, porosity, and structural stability, and is widely used in agriculture, ecology, environment, and soil and water conservation. Accurate measurement of soil bulk density is crucial for assessing soil aeration, water retention capacity, root penetration resistance, and land use suitability. Currently, standard bulk density sampling methods generally employ fixed-volume metal ring samples for undisturbed soil collection, requiring the complete acquisition of soil core samples without disturbing the soil structure.

[0003] A search revealed a novel ring-shaped soil sampler disclosed in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN105181379B. By rotating the handle, the sampled columnar soil can be vertically separated from the surrounding soil. Then, by swaying the handle left and right, the sampled columnar soil can be horizontally separated from the surrounding soil. Finally, the sampler can be lifted to remove the soil. No auxiliary tools are needed to dig out the ring, and the sampler will not damage the surrounding soil environment.

[0004] The current sampling process is highly dependent on manual operation. It requires repeatedly striking the ring cutter into the soil with a rubber hammer, then carefully digging out the surrounding soil with a shovel to remove the ring cutter. Afterward, the excess soil at both ends of the ring cutter is leveled with a knife and sealed. To ensure the integrity of the sample, the ring cutter often needs to be flipped over and the leveling operation repeated on the other end. This process is not only labor-intensive and time-consuming, but also easily causes soil structure disturbance, pore collapse, or soil sample loss during the striking, digging, and leveling process, which seriously affects the representativeness and accuracy of the bulk density measurement results. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention solves the problems of high labor intensity, low efficiency and easy disturbance of soil structure and influence on the accuracy of bulk density measurement in the traditional manual sampling process.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a high-precision automatic soil bulk density sampling device, comprising a movable support mechanism and an automatic sampling mechanism. The automatic sampling mechanism includes a linear push rod motor fixed to the top of the movable support mechanism. The piston end of the linear push rod motor is fixedly connected to a connecting frame, which is bolted to the housing of an electromagnet push rod. When the electromagnet push rod is energized, its internal magnetic core drives the rod body downward, thereby driving the first pull ring to impact downward, causing the second pull ring, the ring cover, and the sampling ring below to vertically penetrate the soil. The first pull ring is fitted inside the second pull ring to effectively transmit the impact force. The second pull ring is fixedly connected to the upper side of the ring cover, which seals the upper end of the sampling ring. The lower end of the sampling ring is bolted to a buckle that extends into the soil layer below the sampling ring during penetration to prevent soil samples from falling out during lifting. When the sampling ring reaches the preset sampling depth, the linear push rod motor reverses its direction, pulling the sampling ring upward through the connecting frame and the electromagnet push rod, thus completing the automatic extraction of the soil sample.

[0007] Furthermore, the ring cover and the upper end of the collecting ring are connected by threads to ensure sealing and detachability.

[0008] Furthermore, the first pull ring and the second pull ring are arranged in a vertically interlocking structure, with the first pull ring sliding and nested inside the second pull ring in the vertical direction. The length of the first pull ring is designed to meet the requirement that the electromagnet push rod drives the collection ring cutter to complete the full hammering stroke.

[0009] Furthermore, the movable support mechanism includes a support base, with movable wheels equipped with braking function installed at the bottom of the support base. The upper end of the support base is provided with two adjustable telescopic sleeves on both sides, and a top plate is fixedly connected between the two telescopic sleeves. A linear push rod motor is installed on the top plate. A first electric push rod is also provided on one side of the support base, with its piston end fixedly connected to the lower surface of the top plate, for adjusting the overall height of the top plate and the automatic sampling mechanism above it to adapt to different sampling depth requirements.

[0010] Furthermore, a rotating bracket is rotatably mounted on the other side of the bracket base via a rotating shaft. An infrared ranging sensor is provided at the free end of the rotating bracket. When the rotating bracket rotates inward to be parallel to the ground, the infrared ranging sensor faces the upper surface of the collecting ring cutter, which is used to monitor the depth of the collecting ring cutter penetrating the soil in real time and feed the signal back to the electrical control box to accurately control the timing of the hammering termination.

[0011] Furthermore, the bottom sides of the support base are respectively connected to a bearing plate one and a bearing plate two via a rotating shaft. Both bearing plate one and bearing plate two are slidably provided with positioning rods for inserting into the ground to enhance the stability of the whole machine.

[0012] Furthermore, both the upper and lower ends of the positioning rod are fixedly connected to anti-detachment plates with an outer diameter larger than that of the limiting sliding hole. Limiting strips extending axially are provided on both sides of the positioning rod. Limiting sliding holes are correspondingly opened on the bearing plate one and bearing plate two. The inner wall of the limiting sliding hole is provided with a groove that matches the limiting strip, so that the positioning rod can only slide in the vertical direction and cannot rotate, ensuring the stability of the insertion posture.

[0013] Furthermore, the rotating shaft of the first bearing plate passes through the side wall of the support seat and is fixedly connected to the first gear. The end of the rotating shaft of the rotating bracket passes through the side wall of the support seat and is fixedly connected to the second gear. A sliding groove is provided on the side wall of the support seat. A first rack and a second rack arranged vertically are slidably arranged in the sliding groove. The two are rigidly connected by a connecting rod. The first rack meshes with the first gear, and the second rack meshes with the second gear. The second rack is driven by a second electric push rod.

[0014] Furthermore, the shaft of the first gear is connected to the shaft of the second bearing plate by a belt drive component. The belt drive component is encapsulated in a protective shell fixedly installed on one side of the support base, so that the first bearing plate and the second bearing plate rotate synchronously.

[0015] Furthermore, the second rack is driven to move by the second electric push rod, which drives the second gear, the first gear and the belt drive to rotate synchronously, thereby causing the rotating bracket, the first bearing plate and the second bearing plate to rotate synchronously. When the rotating bracket rotates inward to a horizontal position to deploy the infrared ranging sensor, the first bearing plate and the second bearing plate simultaneously flip downward to a vertical position, so that the positioning rod on it is perpendicular to the ground. Beneficial effects

[0016] 1. The technical solution provided by this invention, compared with the traditional method of repeatedly striking the metal ring cutter into the soil with a rubber hammer, then digging it out with a shovel, and then manually leveling the upper and lower ends and sealing it, is labor-intensive, inefficient and easily disturbs the soil sample structure. This invention achieves full automation of the process by integrating a linear push rod motor, an electromagnet impact mechanism and a collection ring cutter with a buckle. The process includes automatic ring cutter insertion, precise depth control, whole-tube lifting and structural preservation. After sampling, only the ring cutter cover and buckle need to be removed to level and seal the upper and lower ends, which significantly improves sampling efficiency and soil sample integrity and effectively ensures the accuracy of soil bulk density measurement.

[0017] 2. This device uses a mechanism driven by a second electric push rod to synchronize the deployment of the infrared ranging sensor with the overall machine's stabilization and support. When the rotating bracket is extended to a horizontal position to activate the depth monitoring function, the two side bearing plates automatically flip downwards under the synergistic action of gear-rack and belt transmission, making the positioning rod perpendicular to the ground. Combined with the guide and anti-rotation design of the limiting sliding hole and limiting strip, this ensures the stability of the rod's posture and reliable support. This structure not only enhances the equipment's anti-overturning ability during hammering and lifting but also avoids sampling deviations caused by machine body shaking, significantly improving the stability and repeatability of field operations. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is one of the overall structural schematic diagrams of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic plan view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a second schematic diagram of the body structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection status of the automatic data acquisition component of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the breakdown of the automatic data acquisition component of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the disassembled mobile support mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating support structure of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the support structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure label: 1. Moving support mechanism; 11. Support base; 12. Telescopic sleeve; 13. Top plate; 14. First electric push rod; 15. Protective shell; 16. Slide groove; 2. Automatic sampling mechanism; 21. Linear push rod motor; 22. Electromagnetic push rod; 23. Connecting frame; 24. First pull ring; 25. Ring cutter cover; 26. Second pull ring; 27. Collection ring cutter; 28. Buckle; 3. Electrical control box; 4. Rotating support; 5. Infrared ranging sensor; 6. Bearing plate one; 61. Bearing plate two; 62. Positioning rod; 63. Limiting strip; 64. Limiting sliding hole; 7. First gear; 71. Second gear; 72. First rack; 73. Second rack; 74. Connecting rod; 75. Second electric push rod; 76. Belt drive component. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments.

[0023] See attached document Figure 1-8 A high-precision automatic soil bulk density collection device includes a mobile support mechanism 1 and an automatic sampling mechanism 2 installed thereon.

[0024] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the automatic sampling mechanism 2 is the core module for automatically acquiring soil bulk density samples. It includes a linear push rod motor 21 fixed on the top of the movable support mechanism 1. The piston end of the linear push rod motor 21 is fixedly connected to the connecting frame 23. The connecting frame 23 is fixed to the housing of the electromagnet push rod 22 by bolts.

[0025] When the electromagnet push rod 22 is energized, its internal magnetic core drives the rod body to move downward at high speed, thereby driving the first pull ring 24 to impact downward. This impact force is transmitted through the first pull ring 24 to the second pull ring 26 connected to it, the ring cover 25 and the collection ring 27 below, so that the entire assembly penetrates into the soil in a vertical direction.

[0026] The first pull ring 24 is fitted inside the second pull ring 26, and the two are in a vertical cross structure to ensure efficient force transmission during the impact process and avoid deflection. The second pull ring 26 is fixedly connected to the upper side of the ring cover 25. The ring cover 25 is sealed and installed on the upper end of the collection ring 27. It is preferably connected by a threaded connection to ensure that the soil sample does not fall during the sampling process and to facilitate subsequent disassembly and leveling.

[0027] The sampling ring cutter 27 is a standard volume ring cutter (e.g., 5 cm in diameter, 5 cm in height, and 100 cm³ in volume). Its lower end is connected to a buckle 28 by bolts. The buckle 28 moves downwards with the sampling ring cutter 27 during insertion and extends into the soil layer below the bottom of the sampling ring cutter 27. During the lifting stage, it plays a supporting role and effectively prevents the original soil sample inside the ring cutter from falling off due to its own weight or vibration during the lifting process.

[0028] When the sampling ring cutter 27 penetrates to the preset sampling depth, the electrical control box 3 stops the electromagnet impact action according to the depth feedback signal and controls the linear push rod motor 21 to run in reverse. The entire sampling assembly is lifted upward through the connecting frame 23 and the electromagnet push rod 22, and the complete soil sample is automatically extracted from the soil.

[0029] After sampling, the operator only needs to unscrew the ring cover 25, level off the excess soil at the top, and tighten the top cover of the sampling ring 27. Then, remove the buckle 28, level off the bottom, and put on the bottom cover to obtain a standard bulk density sample.

[0030] To achieve precise control over the sampling depth, such as Figure 2 As shown, a rotating bracket 4 is rotatably mounted on one side of the bracket base 11 via a rotating shaft. An infrared ranging sensor 5 is installed at its free end. When the rotating bracket 4 rotates inward to a position parallel to the ground, the infrared ranging sensor 5 faces the upper end face of the sampling ring cutter 27. It can measure the penetration depth of the ring cutter in real time and transmit the data to the electrical control box 3 for precise control of the hammering termination time to ensure that the sampling depth is consistent each time.

[0031] like Figure 6 As shown, the mobile support mechanism 1 supports and integrates the above-mentioned functional modules as a whole, including a support base 11, which is equipped with a mobile wheel with braking function at the bottom, so as to facilitate the flexible movement and fixed-point parking of the equipment in the field.

[0032] The upper end of the support base 11 is provided with two adjustable telescopic sleeves 12 on both sides. A top plate 13 is fixedly connected between the two telescopic sleeves 12. The linear push rod motor 21 is installed on the top plate 13. In order to adapt to different soil layers or sampling depth requirements, a first electric push rod 14 is also provided on one side of the support base 11. Its piston end is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the top plate 13. By telescopically adjusting the height of the top plate 13, the sampling start position can be adjusted. This adjustment is not only used to set a suitable sampling start position, but more importantly, it provides sufficient downward movement space for the electromagnet push rod 22 after the sampling ring cutter 27 begins to be hammered into the soil, so that it can fully extend during the impact process, provide continuous and sufficient hammering force, and ensure that the ring cutter can smoothly penetrate to the target depth.

[0033] To further improve the stability of the whole machine during impact and lifting processes and prevent the machine body from shaking or overturning due to reaction force, the bottom sides of the support base 11 are respectively connected to the bearing plate 6 and the bearing plate 61 via rotating shafts. The bearing plate 6 and the bearing plate 61 are both slidably provided with positioning rods 62, which are used to insert into the ground before sampling to enhance support.

[0034] like Figure 7 As shown, the upper and lower ends of the positioning rod 62 are fixedly connected with anti-detachment plates with an outer diameter larger than that of the limiting sliding hole 64 to prevent it from completely detaching from the bearing plate. Limiting strips 63 extending along the axial direction are provided on both sides of the rod. The bearing plate 61 and the bearing plate 61 are respectively provided with limiting sliding holes 64. The inner wall of the limiting sliding hole 64 is provided with a groove that matches the limiting strip 63, so that the positioning rod 62 can only slide in the vertical direction and cannot rotate, ensuring that the posture is vertical and the force is stable when inserted into the ground.

[0035] The aforementioned bearing plate 6 moves synchronously with the rotating bracket 4. That is, the shaft of the bearing plate 6 passes through the side wall of the bracket seat 11 and is fixedly connected to the first gear 7. The end of the shaft of the rotating bracket 4 passes through the side wall of the bracket seat 11 and is fixedly connected to the second gear 71. A sliding groove 16 is provided on the side wall of the bracket seat 11. A first rack 72 and a second rack 73 arranged vertically are slidably arranged in the sliding groove 16. The first rack 72 and the second rack 73 are rigidly connected by a connecting rod 74.

[0036] The first rack 72 meshes with the first gear 7, the second rack 73 meshes with the second gear 71, and the second rack 73 is driven by the second electric push rod 75. In addition, the shaft of the first gear 7 is connected to the shaft of the second bearing plate 61 by a belt drive 76, and the belt drive 76 is encapsulated in the protective shell 15 on one side of the bracket 11.

[0037] During operation, the second electric push rod 75 pushes the second rack 73 to move, simultaneously driving the second gear 71 and the first gear 7 to rotate, thereby driving the rotating bracket 4 to rotate inward to a horizontal position to deploy the infrared ranging sensor 5. At the same time, the first support plate 6 flips downward, and through the transmission of the belt drive 76, the second support plate 61 also flips downward simultaneously. Finally, both the first support plate 6 and the second support plate 61 rotate to a state parallel to the ground, and the positioning rod 62 inside them becomes perpendicular to the ground. Pressing down on the positioning rod 62 causes its bottom tip to be inserted into the soil, realizing the integrated operation of ranging preparation and overall machine stability support.

[0038] It is worth noting that the electromagnet push rod 22 is a linear drive device based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. It is mainly composed of a coil, an iron core (moving iron core), a shell (stationary iron core or magnetic yoke), and a return spring. When the coil is energized, it generates a strong magnetic field, which attracts the internal moving iron core to move rapidly along the axial direction of the closed magnetic circuit, thereby driving the push rod (or rod body) connected to it to generate an instantaneous impact or linear displacement. After the power is cut off, the magnetic field disappears, and under the action of the return spring or external force, the moving iron core and the push rod automatically return to the initial position. In this invention, after the electromagnet push rod 22 is energized, it drives the first pull ring 24 to impact downward, and transmits the impact force to the collection ring cutter 27, so as to realize the automatic penetration of the collection ring cutter 27 into the soil.

[0039] The working principle of the linear actuator motor 21 is to convert the rotational motion of the motor into the linear reciprocating motion of the actuator through the reduction mechanism and transmission device, and to extend and retract the actuator by controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the motor.

[0040] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision automatic soil bulk density acquisition device, characterized in that, The system includes a movable support mechanism (1) and an automatic sampling mechanism (2). The automatic sampling mechanism (2) includes a linear push rod motor (21) fixed to the top of the movable support mechanism (1). The piston end of the linear push rod motor (21) is fixedly connected to the connecting frame (23). The connecting frame (23) is fixed to the housing of the electromagnet push rod (22) by bolts. When the electromagnet push rod (22) is energized, its internal magnetic core drives the rod body to move downward, thereby driving the first pull ring (24) to impact downward, so that the second pull ring (26), the ring cutter cover (25), and the collection ring cutter (27) below it are vertically inserted into the soil. The first pull ring (24) is sleeved on the second pull ring (26). The pull ring (26) is used to effectively transmit the impact force. The second pull ring (26) is fixedly connected to the upper side of the ring cutter cover (25). The ring cutter cover (25) is sealed on the upper end of the collection ring cutter (27). The lower end of the collection ring cutter (27) is connected to a buckle (28) by bolts. The buckle (28) extends into the soil layer below the collection ring cutter (27) during the penetration process to prevent the soil sample in the collection ring cutter (27) from falling off during the lifting process. When the collection ring cutter (27) reaches the preset sampling depth, the linear push rod motor (21) reverses its action and pulls the collection ring cutter (27) upward through the connecting frame (23) and the electromagnet push rod (22) to complete the automatic extraction of the soil sample.

2. The high-precision automatic soil bulk density acquisition device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ring cover (25) and the upper end of the collection ring (27) are connected by threads to ensure sealing and disassembly.

3. The high-precision automatic soil bulk density acquisition device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first pull ring (24) and the second pull ring (26) are arranged in a vertical cross-nesting structure. The first pull ring (24) slides and nests inside the second pull ring (26) in the vertical direction. Its length is designed to meet the requirements of the electromagnet push rod (22) driving the collection ring knife (27) to complete the complete hammering stroke.

4. The high-precision automatic soil bulk density acquisition device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mobile support mechanism (1) includes a support base (11), with a moving wheel with braking function installed at the bottom of the support base (11). The upper end of the support base (11) is provided with two telescopic sleeves (12) that can be raised and lowered respectively. The top plate (13) is fixedly connected between the two telescopic sleeves (12). A linear push rod motor (21) is installed on the top plate (13). A first electric push rod (14) is also provided on one side of the support base (11), with its piston end fixedly connected to the lower surface of the top plate (13) for adjusting the overall height of the top plate (13) and the automatic sampling mechanism (2) above it to adapt to different sampling depth requirements.

5. The high-precision automatic soil bulk density acquisition device according to claim 4, characterized in that, On the other side of the support base (11), a rotating bracket (4) is rotatably mounted via a rotating shaft. An infrared ranging sensor (5) is provided at the free end of the rotating bracket (4). When the rotating bracket (4) rotates inward to be parallel to the ground, the infrared ranging sensor (5) faces the upper surface of the collecting ring cutter (27) and is used to monitor the depth of the collecting ring cutter (27) penetrating the soil in real time and feed the signal back to the electrical control box (3) to accurately control the timing of the hammering termination.

6. The high-precision automatic soil bulk density acquisition device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bottom sides of the support base (11) are respectively connected by a rotating shaft to a bearing plate one (6) and a bearing plate two (61). Both the bearing plate one (6) and the bearing plate two (61) are slidably provided with positioning rods (62) for inserting into the ground to enhance the stability of the whole machine.

7. The high-precision automatic soil bulk density acquisition device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The upper and lower ends of the positioning rod (62) are fixedly connected with anti-detachment plates with an outer diameter larger than that of the limiting sliding hole (64). The positioning rod (62) has axially extending limiting strips (63) on both sides. The bearing plate one (6) and the bearing plate two (61) are respectively provided with limiting sliding holes (64). The inner wall of the limiting sliding hole (64) is provided with a groove that matches the limiting strip (63), so that the positioning rod (62) can only slide in the vertical direction and cannot rotate, ensuring the stability of the insertion posture.

8. The high-precision automatic soil bulk density acquisition device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The rotating shaft of the bearing plate (6) passes through the side wall of the support seat (11) and is fixedly connected to the first gear (7). The rotating shaft end of the rotating bracket (4) passes through the side wall of the support seat (11) and is fixedly connected to the second gear (71). The side wall of the support seat (11) is provided with a sliding groove (16). The first rack (72) and the second rack (73) are slidably arranged in the sliding groove (16). The two are rigidly connected by a connecting rod (74). The first rack (72) meshes with the first gear (7), and the second rack (73) meshes with the second gear (71). The second rack (73) is driven by the second electric push rod (75).

9. The high-precision automatic soil bulk density acquisition device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The shaft of the first gear (7) is connected to the shaft of the second bearing plate (61) by a belt drive (76). The belt drive (76) is encapsulated in a protective shell (15) fixedly installed on one side of the bracket (11), so that the first bearing plate (6) and the second bearing plate (61) rotate synchronously.

10. A high-precision automatic soil bulk density acquisition device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The second electric push rod (75) drives the second rack (73) to move, which in turn drives the second gear (71), the first gear (7) and the belt drive (76) to rotate synchronously, thereby causing the rotating bracket (4), the first bearing plate (6) and the second bearing plate (61) to rotate synchronously. When the rotating bracket (4) rotates inward to a horizontal position to deploy the infrared ranging sensor (5), the first bearing plate (6) and the second bearing plate (61) simultaneously flip downward to a vertical position, so that the positioning rod (62) on it is perpendicular to the ground.

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