Vehicle-mounted volatile organic substance mass spectrum detection system and monitoring method

Abstract

The application discloses a vehicle-mounted substance monitoring system and method, which comprises a monitoring main body and a connecting support. The monitoring main body comprises a sampling device and a functional cabin. The sampling device collects substances from the environment. The functional cabin comprises an outer shell, a device cabin and an energy cabin. The device cabin is connected with the sampling device and comprises an industrial computer and a mass spectrometer, which are used for pretreating and analyzing substances. The energy cabin is used for supplying power to the device cabin and adjusting the power supply. The connecting support is fixed to the bottom of the monitoring main body and is used for detachably connecting with a vehicle carrying the vehicle-mounted substance monitoring system. The system and method improve the convenience and practicability of the existing underway monitoring and can guarantee the accuracy of monitoring data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of environmental monitoring technology, specifically relating to a vehicle-mounted volatile organic compound mass spectrometry detection system and monitoring method. Background Technology

[0002] Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are organic chemical substances with high vapor pressure and easy volatilization, such as hydrocarbons and aldehydes. Excessive emissions of VOCs can cause atmospheric environmental problems and threaten biological health. Real-time monitoring of VOCs is a fundamental task for improving the atmospheric environment and public health.

[0003] Existing VOCs monitoring methods include traditional fixed-site monitoring, the rapidly developing large-scale mobile monitoring systems, and sampling and detection using portable instruments. These methods inherently suffer from drawbacks such as monitoring blind spots, poor mobility, and a trade-off between cost and accuracy. In particular, existing vehicle-mounted mobile monitoring systems, which transport the mass spectrometer 101 to a specific area for on-site testing, simply integrate it into the transport vehicle. This approach fails to address the combined interference from multiple factors in the vehicle environment, including vibration, temperature and humidity fluctuations, power supply contamination, dust erosion, operational errors, and poor adaptability. Consequently, the precision mass spectrometer 101 cannot achieve long-term stable operational use on a lightweight vehicle platform. Alternatively, a specially designed mobile monitoring vehicle adapted to the mass spectrometry system can be designed, but this is costly and presents more limitations in terms of mobility compared to a transport vehicle. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address at least some of the aforementioned problems, this application aims to provide a vehicle-mounted material monitoring system. This system features a dual-compartment monitoring system design with multi-level shock absorption and flexible energy supply. The monitoring unit includes sampling devices, mass spectrometers, control equipment, and power supply components required for detecting various VOCs. The dual-compartment design separates detection and operational support into two environments to maintain the steady state of each environment. The system is detachably connected to the transport vehicle via a connecting bracket for assembling the entire monitoring unit, enabling rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of VOCs. Furthermore, it boasts low deployment and maintenance costs, eliminates the need for specialized mobile monitoring vehicles, and is compatible with a wider range of monitoring environments.

[0005] Specifically, this application relates to the following aspects: According to one aspect of this application, a vehicle-mounted substance monitoring system is provided, comprising a monitoring body and a connecting bracket; the monitoring body includes a sampling device and a functional compartment, the sampling device collecting substances from the environment, and the functional compartment including an outer shell, an equipment compartment, and an energy compartment, wherein the equipment compartment is connected to the sampling device and includes an industrial control computer and a mass spectrometer for preprocessing and analyzing substances, and the energy compartment is used to supply power to the equipment compartment and regulate the power supply; the connecting bracket is fixed to the bottom of the monitoring body and is used for detachable connection to the vehicle carrying the vehicle-mounted substance monitoring system; wherein the substance is volatile organic compounds.

[0006] According to some implementation methods, the sampling device includes a sampling head, a sampling interface, a sampling seal, and a sample inlet tube; the sampling head is inserted into the sampling interface, which is the gas path interface of the functional compartment; the sampling seal is disposed between the sampling head and the sampling interface; and the two ends of the sample inlet tube are respectively connected to the sampling interface and the equipment compartment for conveying substances to the equipment compartment.

[0007] According to some embodiments, the equipment compartment also includes a sampling pretreatment unit for pretreating substances, comprising a filtration unit, a drying unit, a flow stabilization control unit, and a cleaning unit. The filtration unit includes a filter element for receiving substances to filter impurities. Differential pressure sensors are installed at the inlet and outlet of the filtration unit, which trigger a filter element replacement signal when the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet exceeds a threshold. The drying unit removes moisture from the substances. The flow stabilization control unit includes a mass flow controller that controls the output of substances to the mass spectrometer at a predetermined flow rate by adjusting its own valve opening, and automatically adjusts the output flow rate when the difference between the output flow rate and the predetermined flow rate exceeds a threshold. The cleaning unit receives and inputs backflushing gas into the sampling pretreatment unit to clean the sampling pretreatment unit.

[0008] According to some implementation methods, the filter element is made of quartz glass fiber, the threshold value of the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the filter unit is 2 kPa - 7 kPa, the drying unit is a Nafion tube, the threshold value of the difference between the output flow rate of the substance and the predetermined flow rate is ±3% - ±7%, and the backflushing gas is high-purity nitrogen.

[0009] According to some implementations, the equipment compartment also includes a self-calibration unit; the industrial control computer is used to control the mass spectrometer to perform self-test, start-up, mass spectrometry detection, gas filling protection or shutdown, control the sampling pretreatment unit to preprocess substances, control the self-calibration unit to calibrate the mass spectrometer, analyze the mass spectrometry data output by the mass spectrometer to obtain monitoring result data, and store and / or transmit mass spectrometry data and monitoring result data.

[0010] According to some implementations, the industrial control computer includes a display and a display protective cover; the display is located outside the equipment compartment and is used to provide a user interface for the industrial control computer; the display protective cover is used to isolate the display from the external environment and is removed when the display is in use; the self-calibration unit is used to calibrate the mass spectrometer, including being configured by the industrial control computer to calibrate the mass spectrometer at regular intervals, being controlled by the industrial control computer to calibrate the mass spectrometer in real time, or automatically calibrating the mass spectrometer when the mass spectrometer's mass spectrometry data drift, vacuum degree, and / or ion source state changes exceed a threshold.

[0011] According to some embodiments, the functional compartment also includes a hatch on the outer shell; the outer shell includes a composite shock-absorbing layer consisting of an inner anti-corrosion metal layer, a middle thermal insulation and vibration isolation layer, a load-bearing frame, and an outer anti-corrosion metal layer, wherein the inner and outer anti-corrosion metal layers are stainless steel plates, preferably 304 stainless steel plates, the middle thermal insulation and vibration isolation layer is thermal insulation cotton, preferably polyurethane thermal insulation cotton, and the load-bearing frame is channel steel, preferably No. 8 channel steel; a hatch seal is provided at the connection between the inner side of the hatch and the inner anti-corrosion metal layer.

[0012] According to some implementations, the equipment compartment also includes a shock-absorbing platform; the shock-absorbing platform is located at the bottom of the mass spectrometer and includes multiple accelerometers, a servo controller, a buffer pad, and a slide rail. The multiple accelerometers are used to collect vibration signals in three spatial dimensions and send them to the servo controller. The servo controller outputs a counterforce based on the vibration signals to counteract the vibration. The buffer pad is used to absorb high-frequency vibrations, and the slide rail is used to move the mass spectrometer along its track direction.

[0013] According to some implementation methods, the connecting bracket includes a main bracket and a fixing device; the main bracket is used to fix and support the monitoring subject, and the bottom of the main bracket is provided with an anti-slip pad; the fixing device includes multiple bolt fittings, which are respectively connected to the main bracket and the vehicle carrying the vehicle-mounted material monitoring system.

[0014] According to some embodiments, the housing also includes a plurality of shock absorbers; the plurality of shock absorbers are evenly disposed at the bottom of the housing and can be connected to a fixing device, and at least some of the shock absorbers can adjust the damping value in conjunction with at least some of the bolt fittings to adapt to vibrations of different frequencies.

[0015] According to some implementation methods, the energy compartment includes a main energy storage unit, a battery management system, a power interface, a power switching unit, and a power distribution unit. The main energy storage unit includes a rechargeable battery pack for supplying power to the components in the equipment compartment. The battery management system performs charging control, charging protection, and / or discharging protection on the main energy storage unit. The power interface is used to connect to mains power or to an on-board power source. The power switching unit controls the power interface to charge the main energy storage unit and / or supply power to the components in the equipment compartment, or controls the main energy storage unit to supply power to the components in the equipment compartment. The power distribution unit configures power supply circuits for the components in the equipment compartment so that the components in the equipment compartment can receive power from the power interface or the main energy storage unit.

[0016] According to some implementations, the power switching unit includes a DC-DC converter, a bidirectional inverter, and a power switch; the DC-DC converter is used to convert the DC power from the vehicle power supply into DC power to charge the main energy storage unit; the bidirectional inverter is used to convert the DC power output from the main energy storage unit into AC power to supply power to the components in the equipment compartment, or to convert the AC power connected to the mains into DC power to charge the main energy storage unit; and the power switch is used to transmit the AC power connected to the mains or the AC power converted by the bidirectional inverter to the power distribution unit.

[0017] According to some implementations, the functional compartment also includes an air conditioner; the air conditioner is located on the side of the energy compartment away from the equipment compartment, and provides constant temperature airflow to the energy compartment and the equipment compartment respectively through ventilation ducts; a partition is provided between the energy compartment and the equipment compartment, the partition is used to isolate vibration, preferably contains flame-retardant material to isolate fire, and the partition allows airflow to pass through.

[0018] According to some implementations, the equipment compartment also includes a fan and a pressure sensor, and the energy compartment includes a heat dissipation duct; the fan is equipped with filters at its inlet and / or outlet, the fan is used to filter and send air into the equipment compartment, the heat dissipation duct is used to exhaust air out of the energy compartment, and the pressure sensor is used to monitor the air pressure in the equipment compartment and send the air pressure value to the industrial control computer so that the industrial control computer can control the speed of the fan.

[0019] According to some embodiments, the equipment compartment also includes a gas storage device; the gas storage device is used to store one or more gases to provide backflushing gas to the cleaning unit and / or to provide gas-filling protection to the mass spectrometer.

[0020] According to some embodiments, the fixing device includes multiple bolt fittings, which are respectively connected to the main support and the vehicle of the vehicle-mounted material monitoring system. The vehicle of the vehicle-mounted material monitoring system has multiple openings at the bottom of its body for accommodating the main support. Each bolt fitting is evenly fixed on one side to the main support and fixed on the other side to the vehicle of the vehicle-mounted material monitoring system through the openings.

[0021] According to another aspect of this application, a substance monitoring system is provided, comprising: the aforementioned vehicle-mounted substance monitoring system, including a sampling device and a functional compartment, the functional compartment including an outer shell, an equipment compartment and an energy compartment, the energy compartment including an industrial control computer and a mass spectrometer; and a transport vehicle detachably connected to the vehicle-mounted substance monitoring system for transporting the vehicle-mounted substance monitoring system to a monitoring site and / or moving it along a monitoring path.

[0022] According to another aspect of this application, a method for vehicle-mounted substance monitoring is provided, comprising the following steps: collecting a substance at a detection site and / or along a monitoring path using a sampling device; preprocessing and analyzing the substance using an industrial control computer and a mass spectrometer to obtain content data of the substance; wherein the sampling device, industrial control computer, and mass spectrometer are the sampling device, industrial control computer, and mass spectrometer of the aforementioned vehicle-mounted substance monitoring system, or the sampling device, industrial control computer, and mass spectrometer of the aforementioned substance monitoring system, and the substance is a volatile organic compound.

[0023] The technical advantages of the vehicle-mounted material monitoring system provided in this application include: The system, through dual-chamber isolation and its supporting multi-dimensional vibration reduction design, combined with the precise environmental control of the industrial control computer, solves the interference problems of vibration, temperature and humidity fluctuations that existing transport vehicles cannot avoid. It enables the mass spectrometer to achieve laboratory-level data accuracy and stability in a vehicle-mounted environment, breaking through the limitation that precision mass spectrometry can only be used in fixed laboratories or in dedicated large mobile transport vehicles.

[0024] Furthermore, the system can be easily used with existing transport vehicles such as light pickup trucks, allowing it to be conveniently integrated with the quick-release bracket structure and power supply mode of the energy compartment. This solves the problems of poor mobility of professional mobile monitoring vehicles, inability to enter complex scenarios, or cumbersome disassembly and assembly, and the difficulty of adapting non-professional mobile monitoring vehicles to the mass spectrometer structure and unstable power supply. It enables full-area monitoring coverage, rapid deployment, and reuse of multiple vehicles.

[0025] Furthermore, the hardware design of the system effectively eliminates physical interference such as vibration, electrical, temperature, and humidity. Its total control system cost is significantly lower than that of large mobile monitoring vehicles, promoting the lower-cost popularization of high-end VOCs mobile monitoring equipment in provinces, cities, counties, and enterprises. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle-mounted material monitoring system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 2 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the connecting bracket according to an embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 3 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the sampling preprocessing unit according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Figure 4 The figure shows a first structural schematic diagram of the monitoring subject according to an embodiment of this application.

[0030] Figure 5 The figure shows a first schematic diagram of the operation of an industrial control computer according to an embodiment of this application.

[0031] Figure 6The figure shows a second schematic diagram of the operation of an industrial control computer according to an embodiment of this application.

[0032] Figure 7 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the operation of the self-calibration unit according to an embodiment of this application.

[0033] Figure 8 The illustration shows a second structural schematic diagram of the monitoring subject according to an embodiment of this application.

[0034] Figure 9 The figure shows a third structural schematic diagram of the monitoring subject according to an embodiment of this application.

[0035] Figure 10 The illustration shows a schematic diagram of the operation of the energy compartment according to an embodiment of this application.

[0036] Figure Labels 1-Monitoring Main Unit; 10-Equipment Cabin; 11-Energy Cabin; 12-Sampling Device 13-Cargo door 14-Shock absorber 15-Air conditioner 16-Blocking panel 17-Hanging ring 100-Industrial Control Computer; 101-Mass Spectrometer; 102-Sampling Preprocessing Unit; 103-Self-Calibration Unit 104-Shock-absorbing platform; 105-Pressure sensor; 106-Gas storage equipment 110 - Main energy storage unit; 111 - Battery management system; 112 - Power interface 113-Power switching unit; 114-Power distribution unit; 120-Sampling head; 121-Sampling interface 122 - Sampling seal; 123 - Injection tube; 1000 - Display protective cover 1020 - Filter unit; 1021 - Drying unit; 1022 - Flow control unit 1023-Cleaning Unit 1040-Slide Rail 2-Connecting bracket 20-Main body bracket 21-Fixing device 200-Wheel 3-Transport vehicles Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present application is further illustrated below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments are only used to further illustrate and explain the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.

[0038] Unless otherwise defined, technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While similar or identical methods and materials may be applied in experimental or practical applications, materials and methods are described herein. In case of conflict, the definitions included herein shall prevail. Furthermore, materials, methods, and examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be limiting. The present application is further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but is not intended to limit the scope of the application.

[0039] Application Overview As mentioned above, current atmospheric VOCs monitoring mainly relies on three modes, among which mobile monitoring is becoming the mainstream trend. Precision mass spectrometers, such as the commonly used PTR-TOFMS mass spectrometer, have extremely high requirements for the working environment, requiring stable temperature and humidity, as well as a highly stable and clean environment. For vehicle-mounted environments, there is a widespread technical bias in the industry that simply mounting a laboratory mass spectrometer in a vehicle is sufficient for mobile monitoring, without systematic engineering design, resulting in existing vehicle-mounted mass spectrometry solutions failing to achieve long-term stable operational performance. Technicians have identified this problem and made improvements. CN115980882A provides an environmental monitoring vehicle that integrates infrared telemetry and mass spectrometry identification, possessing complete environmental sensing, sample collection, and mass spectrometry measurement functions; CN111289040A's mobile monitoring system not only provides sampling, measurement, and display but also has a positioning system, enabling accurate mobile monitoring according to the monitoring route; CN213892298U's emergency mobile monitoring vehicle integrates the mass spectrometry system into the transport vehicle and is provided with external / internal power supply.

[0040] As can be seen, the aforementioned mobile monitoring system essentially provides a multi-functional mobile vehicle, which still has shortcomings in use. These shortcomings mainly stem from the fact that such vehicles are modified from heavy-duty vans, making them difficult to deploy in complex and confined environments. Furthermore, their high purchase and maintenance costs hinder rapid deployment to other transport vehicles. If a different approach is taken, integrating the mass spectrometer into a suitable transport vehicle to create a more flexible monitoring system, this system lacks shock absorption and impact resistance design, failing to significantly suppress low-frequency signal interference or high-frequency impacts during vehicle movement. This can cause the core spectrum components to shift, leading to data drift and reduced instrument lifespan. Additionally, the system uses battery or inverter power, which is prone to power fluctuations and harmonic interference, causing mass spectrometer malfunctions or shutdowns. It is clear that flexibility and accuracy are difficult to achieve simultaneously in mobile monitoring solutions. Moreover, the environmental maintenance and control design of the mass spectrometer remains a challenge for any mobile monitoring solution, further limiting its development.

[0041] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a vehicle-mounted material monitoring system. Based on its ability to quickly adapt to commonly used vehicles such as pickup trucks, the system offers a multi-level vibration-resistant structure, a stable power supply structure, and a mass spectrometry environment maintenance design. The system includes a monitoring unit and a connecting bracket. The connecting bracket detachably secures the monitoring unit to the vehicle. The monitoring unit comprises a sampling device and a functional compartment. The functional compartment features a non-fully isolated dual-compartment design, distributing the mass spectrometer, power supply components, and environmental control components into an equipment compartment with overall temperature and humidity control, and a vibration and noise isolation compartment, providing a laboratory-grade working environment for the mass spectrometer. The functional compartment has a multi-dimensional composite vibration damping system capable of suppressing vibrations across the entire frequency band, ensuring stable operation of the mass spectrometer in a vehicle-mounted environment. The power compartment provides the mass spectrometer with off-grid power supply and energy-saving control with multi-source switching, ensuring stable and continuous monitoring while avoiding interference from mixed power sources. In addition, the equipment compartment is equipped with an industrial control computer for the mass spectrometer, which can conveniently control the pretreatment of the sampling gas, the serial start and stop of the mass spectrometer, and the automatic gas filling protection, so as to improve the practicality and service life of the entire system.

[0042] Thus, the vehicle-mounted material monitoring system provided in this application can be easily integrated into transport vehicles without the need for a specific mobile monitoring vehicle, achieving real-time VOCs monitoring with high data stability and accuracy on light pickup trucks, thereby significantly reducing costs and improving monitoring mobility, which is conducive to the sustainable development of environmental protection.

[0043] After introducing the basic principles and advantages of this application, various non-limiting embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] Exemplary System Figure 1 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle-mounted material monitoring system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0045] refer to Figure 1 According to an embodiment of this application, the vehicle-mounted material monitoring system includes a monitoring body 1 and a connecting bracket 2. The monitoring body 1 includes a sampling device 12 and a functional compartment, and has the functions of sample collection, mass spectrometry processing, and analysis. The connecting bracket 2 is used to quickly fix the monitoring body 1 to a suitable storage space of a transport vehicle 3, such as the cargo loading position of a truck or the loading compartment of a transport truck. The connecting bracket 2 includes a main support 20 and a fixing device 21. The main support 20 is connected and fixed to the monitoring body 1 to support the monitoring body 1, and the fixing device 21 is responsible for fixing the relative position of the connecting bracket 2 and the storage space of the transport vehicle 3, or releasing the fixing between the two.

[0046] An example of using the connecting bracket 2 is as follows: Figure 2As shown, in this example, the connecting bracket 2 is a quick-release bracket that can be connected and fixed to the storage space of the transport vehicle 3. Its main bracket 20 is a channel steel bracket, and the fixing device 21 includes several high-strength bolts, such as M12 high-strength bolts. When the fixing device 21 includes several high-strength bolts, it can also be used in conjunction with the shock absorber 14, which is detailed below, to provide additional shock absorption to the mass spectrometer 101. The quick-release bracket is connected to the transport vehicle 3 through these high-strength bolts. For example, the bottom of the vehicle body of the transport vehicle 3 for placing the main bracket 20 has a suitable drilled opening. The high-strength bolts are passed through the opening and fixed to the opening to achieve a detachable connection and fixation between the quick-release bracket and the transport vehicle 3. The number of high-strength bolts can be three or more, evenly distributed on the main body support 20. Appropriate high-strength bolts can be configured according to the shape of the main body support 20. For example, four high-strength bolts can be configured near the four vertices of the quadrilateral main body support 20, or multiple high-strength bolts can be symmetrically arranged on the edge of the main body support 20 to improve the fixing strength and facilitate disassembly and assembly.

[0047] In a further example, the high-strength bolts can also be equipped with anti-loosening washers, allowing for easy removal with a wrench during assembly and disassembly. When the number of bolts is small, for example, in the single digits, a single person can complete the disassembly / assembly of the entire main support frame 20 within the storage space of the transport vehicle 3 within 30 minutes. Furthermore, anti-slip pads, such as rubber pads, can be added at the contact point between the bottom of the main support frame 20 and the storage space of the transport vehicle 3 to prevent relative sliding of the main support frame 20 during the movement of the transport vehicle 3, thus maintaining the stability of the monitoring body 1.

[0048] That is, the connecting bracket of the vehicle-mounted material monitoring system according to the embodiments of this application includes a main bracket and a fixing device; the main bracket is used to fix and support the monitoring body, the bottom of the main bracket is provided with an anti-slip pad, and the fixing device includes a plurality of bolt fittings, which are respectively connected to the main bracket and the vehicle carrying the vehicle-mounted material monitoring system.

[0049] Furthermore, the fixing device includes a plurality of bolt fittings, which are respectively connected to the main support and the vehicle of the vehicle-mounted material monitoring system. The vehicle of the vehicle-mounted material monitoring system has a plurality of openings at the bottom of its body for accommodating the main support. Each of the plurality of bolt fittings has one side evenly fixed to the main support and the other side fixed to the vehicle of the vehicle-mounted material monitoring system through the opening.

[0050] In other examples, the main support 20 may also include multiple wheels 200 on the side near the transport vehicle 3, such as multiple directionally adjustable wheels 200 evenly distributed at the bottom of the main support 20, so that the connecting bracket 2 supporting the monitoring body 1 can be moved by external force, thereby providing the mobility required for the system during loading, unloading, and storage. Alternatively, in another example, the top of the housing may include multiple lifting rings 17, and external lifting equipment, such as a crane, can fix hooks to the lifting rings 17 to lift and move the system, similarly enabling convenient loading, unloading, and storage of the system. It is understood that the system may include both wheels 200 and lifting rings 17 to provide maximum ease of movement.

[0051] Continue to refer to Figure 1 and combined Figure 3 The functional compartment of the monitoring unit 1 includes a sampling pretreatment unit 102, which works in conjunction with the sampling device 12 to sample the ambient atmosphere and perform the sample pretreatment required for mass spectrometry analysis. Specifically, the sampling pretreatment unit 102 and the sampling device 12 are designed as an integrated unit with multiple functional components, enabling seamless connection from sampling to filtration and stable flow output of the sample. For example, the sampling device 12 includes a sampling head 120 for acquiring the sample, a sampling interface 121 provided on the surface of the functional compartment, a sampling seal 122 for sealing the sampling interface 121 to improve the airtightness of the functional compartment, and an inlet tube 123 for introducing the sample into the sampling pretreatment unit 102; the sampling pretreatment unit 102 includes a filtering unit 1020 for receiving and filtering the sample in the inlet tube 123, a drying unit 1021 for drying the sample, and a stable flow control unit 1022 for outputting the processed sample to the mass spectrometer 101; optionally, the sampling pretreatment unit 102 also includes a cleaning unit 1023 to introduce gas to purge the gas path of the entire sampling pretreatment unit 102, improving durability.

[0052] In one example, sampling interface 121 is an aerospace-grade quick-connect self-sealing sampling interface 121, located outside the functional compartment and opening downstream of the gas on the surface of the functional compartment to connect with the gas path of the sample inlet tube 123 inside the compartment. The material is corrosion-resistant, such as stainless steel. Sampling interface 121 is airtight at the functional compartment opening using a sampling seal 122, which can be a sealing ring, such as a fluororubber sealing ring. Sampling pretreatment unit 102 is integrated inside the functional compartment, preferably within the equipment compartment 10, to provide samples to mass spectrometer 101. Filter unit 1020 is seamlessly connected to the sample inlet tube 123 and includes a filter element, which can be made of quartz glass fiber. The filter element filters impurities in the sample in the form of a filter membrane, and the filter membrane design allows the filter element to be easily removed, washed, or replaced from the sampling pretreatment unit 102. In a preferred embodiment, the filter unit 1020 may also be equipped with differential pressure sensors at its sample inlet and outlet to monitor the pressure difference between the two sides. When the pressure difference exceeds a certain pressure threshold, such as above 5 kPa, the filter unit 1020 detects this value and triggers a filter replacement reminder signal so that the user can replace the filter in time to avoid clogging and affecting the sampling flow rate. The differential pressure sensor can also send the pressure difference to the industrial control computer 100, which will then trigger the filter replacement reminder signal. The drying unit 1021 may be a Nafion tube to receive the sample output from the filter unit 1020 to provide gas dehydration and drying. The flow stabilization control unit 1022 may be a mass flow controller to maintain a stable sampling flow rate entering the mass spectrometer 101 by adjusting the output. For example, the mass flow controller may be set to a control range of 100 sccm – 500 sccm with an accuracy of ±1%FS to provide high-precision sample output flow rate control. It communicates with the industrial control computer 100 via wired / wireless communication through electrical signals to adjust the opening of the output valve in real time under the control of the industrial control computer 100, thereby regulating and maintaining a stable sample flow rate. In addition, the mass flow controller can be set with flow alarm thresholds and alarm signal triggering mechanisms. When the deviation between the sample output flow rate and the preset output flow rate exceeds a certain threshold value, such as ±3% to ±7%, or more precisely, ±5%, the mass flow controller will alarm and automatically adjust the valve opening to stabilize the flow. These settings are all used to protect the mass spectrometer 101 and the flow stabilization control unit 1022 themselves, to extend their service life and maintain monitoring accuracy.

[0053] In one example, the cleaning unit 1023 is a gas backflush pipeline, such as a gas three-way valve, which can be connected to a backflush gas, such as high-purity nitrogen (typically requiring a purity ≥99.999%), as the backflush gas for the entire sampling pretreatment unit 102. The backflush time is controlled by switching the valve on and off, and the backflush cycle can be further set. For example, high-purity nitrogen can be used to backflush the flow control unit 1022 or the drying unit 1021 to provide gas purging and cleaning, such as backflush for 30 seconds, 1 minute, etc. The industrial control computer 100 can control the opening and closing of the gas three-way valve to the other components of the sampling pretreatment unit 102. For example, the industrial control computer 100 can set and control the gas three-way valve to provide purging gas to the other components for 30 seconds every 2 hours to avoid blockage of the gas path of each component. The sampling pretreatment unit 102 may also include a control unit, such as an electrical control device like a PLC, PAC, or DDC. The inlet and outlet of each gas path of the filter unit 1020, drying unit 1021, flow control unit 1022, and / or gas three-way valve can be automatically switched under the control of the control unit to achieve functions such as pausing sampling during backflushing and automatically resuming sampling, filtering, and drying after backflushing is completed, so as to avoid malfunctions and maintain monitoring continuity.

[0054] That is, the sampling device of the vehicle-mounted material monitoring system according to the embodiments of this application includes a sampling head, a sampling interface, a sampling seal and a sample inlet tube; the sampling head is inserted into the sampling interface, the sampling interface is the gas path interface of the functional compartment, the sampling seal is disposed between the sampling head and the sampling interface, and the two ends of the sample inlet tube are respectively connected to the sampling interface and the equipment compartment for conveying material to the equipment compartment.

[0055] Furthermore, the equipment compartment also includes a sampling pretreatment unit for pretreating substances, comprising a filtration unit, a drying unit, a flow stabilization control unit, and a cleaning unit. The filtration unit includes a filter element for receiving substances to filter impurities. Differential pressure sensors are installed at the inlet and outlet of the filtration unit, triggering a filter element replacement signal when the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet exceeds a threshold. The drying unit removes moisture from the substances. The flow stabilization control unit includes a mass flow controller that adjusts its own valve opening to control the output of substances to the mass spectrometer at a predetermined flow rate, and automatically adjusts the output flow rate when the difference between the output flow rate and the predetermined flow rate exceeds a threshold. The cleaning unit receives and inputs backflushing gas into the sampling pretreatment unit to clean it.

[0056] Furthermore, the filter element is made of quartz glass fiber, the pressure difference threshold between the inlet and outlet of the filtration unit is 2 kPa - 7 kPa, the drying unit is a Nafion tube, the threshold for the difference between the output flow rate and the predetermined flow rate is ±3% - ±7%, and the backflushing gas is high-purity nitrogen.

[0057] refer to Figure 4 The functional compartment includes an outer shell and an equipment compartment 10 and an energy compartment 11 separated by a partition 16 inside the outer shell. Components in the equipment compartment 10 are used for sample analysis. The functional compartment provides intelligent power supply and other functional auxiliary control to the equipment compartment 10, such as temperature and humidity control. The equipment compartment 10 includes a mass spectrometer 101 and an industrial control computer 100, which are the core components of the entire monitoring body 1. The industrial control computer 100 is preferably an edge computing industrial control computer 100, which includes at least a processing device and its storage medium. The storage medium stores the control program and a dedicated edge computing algorithm. When the processing device runs the control program and the dedicated edge computing algorithm, it can realize the intelligent operation control of the mass spectrometer 101, VOCs content calculation, and result output required for the entire sample analysis process.

[0058] Specifically, refer to Figure 5 In one example, the industrial control computer 100 can control the mass spectrometer 101 to perform intelligent start-up and shutdown, and cooperate with the sampling preprocessing unit 102 to preprocess samples. In this example, the industrial control computer 100 runs a control program to manipulate the start-up and shutdown process of the mass spectrometer 101 through two automated sequences: power-on and power-off. The power-on sequence includes: performing a system self-test after power-on, including using sensors to check the temperature, humidity, and power connection of the mass spectrometer 101; after confirming that everything is normal, starting the vacuum pump and detecting the vacuum level of the mass spectrometer 101; and waiting for the vacuum level to reach a certain value, such as 1×10⁻⁶ required to obtain mass spectra. -6 After mbar, high voltage is applied to ignite the ion source and preheat for a period of time to complete the startup of mass spectrometer 101; and the shutdown sequence includes: after actively issuing a shutdown command or receiving a shutdown command input by the user, automatically initiating the nitrogen purging protection process of mass spectrometer 101, monitoring the vacuum level, high voltage and / or ion source status of mass spectrometer 101 through sensors throughout the process, until the process stops and mass spectrometer 101 is shut down after a certain period of time. If the vacuum level does not meet the standard, for example, if it does not reach the aforementioned working requirement of 1×10 -6 If mbar is reached, the process is paused and an alarm signal is triggered. The industrial control computer 100 obtains the material content analysis results from the mass spectrometer 101 and can store and output them.

[0059] In one example, the industrial control computer 100 includes a display located on the outer surface of the equipment compartment 10 and equipped with a protective cover. The display can be closed when not in use and opened when in use. The user of the system can interact with the display to obtain the analysis results of the mass spectrometer 101 in real time. Preferably, the display is a touch screen display. The user can interact with it to issue power-on commands, power-off commands, or other commands to control the industrial control computer 100 to perform other functions. For example, the industrial control computer 100 can be used in conjunction with the sampling preprocessing unit 102, the self-calibration unit 103, and the gas storage device 106 to control the industrial control computer 100 to output the material analysis results of the mass spectrometer 101 to the display and / or send them to a remote data platform.

[0060] In another example, the user can send various commands to the industrial control computer 100 through a remote platform, such as an offline computer system or a cloud platform, to realize the intelligent operation control of the mass spectrometer 101 throughout the sample analysis process, VOCs content calculation and result output. The industrial control computer 100 receives commands through wired and / or wireless means, such as through a 5G communication interface for Wi-Fi / cellular data, Bluetooth, wired data transmission interface, etc., to execute corresponding operations.

[0061] In further examples, refer to Figure 6 The nitrogen purging protection process controlled by the industrial control computer 100 for the mass spectrometer 101 is the step before shutdown. This includes setting a forced delay timer. After the industrial control computer 100 issues or receives a shutdown command, the timer starts, locking the power supply to the mass spectrometer main unit and the nitrogen solenoid valve, prohibiting any manual operation. Additionally, an independent relay is controlled to lock the power supply; the relay cannot disconnect until the timer expires. After the timer expires, the gas storage device 106 or external equipment in the equipment compartment 10 supplies high-purity nitrogen to the ion transport and reaction zones of the mass spectrometer 101, and sensors monitor the pressure in real time. Once the industrial control computer 100 detects that the pressure has reached a shutdown threshold, such as atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa), it shuts off the high-purity nitrogen supply and continues to issue shutdown commands to shut down the entire instrument's power supply.

[0062] Specifically, if the pressure is detected to be below a certain value during the nitrogen charging protection process, such as below 0.3 MPa, the industrial control computer 100 can trigger a nitrogen shortage alarm signal and extend the nitrogen charging protection time, for example, to 60 minutes, to allow time for nitrogen replenishment. Throughout the nitrogen charging protection process, the industrial control computer 100 can store nitrogen charging protection process parameters, such as shutdown time, nitrogen charging pressure, and delay time, in its own storage medium for easy retrieval later. It is understood that the aforementioned power-on sequence, shutdown sequence, nitrogen charging protection process, and the coordination between the industrial control computer 100 and other components can all be automatically triggered or executed by setting fixed parameters without user intervention. However, the industrial control computer 100 provided according to the embodiments of this application can also be controlled by the user via touchscreen / wired / wireless interaction, which allows the system to be conveniently controlled in real time, improving its practicality.

[0063] The high-purity nitrogen required for the nitrogen purging protection process can also be replaced with high-purity argon, helium, etc., depending on the mass spectrometer 101 category and protection requirements.

[0064] That is, the industrial control computer of the vehicle-mounted material monitoring system according to the embodiments of this application includes a display and a display protective cover; the display is located outside the equipment compartment and is used to provide a user interface for the industrial control computer; the display protective cover is used to isolate the display from the external environment and to remove the isolation when the display is in use; the self-calibration unit is used to calibrate the mass spectrometer, including being configured by the industrial control computer to calibrate the mass spectrometer at regular intervals, being controlled by the industrial control computer to calibrate the mass spectrometer in real time, or automatically calibrating the mass spectrometer when the mass spectrometer's mass spectrometry data drift, vacuum degree, and / or ion source state changes exceed a threshold.

[0065] In addition, the industrial control computer 100 can also work with the self-calibration unit 103 in the equipment compartment 10 to perform an automatic calibration process for the mass spectrometer 101. This process will be described in detail in the following description of the self-calibration unit 103.

[0066] Continue to refer to Figure 4 The equipment compartment 10 also includes a self-calibration unit 103 for calibrating the mass spectrometer 101 to maintain the accuracy of mass spectrometry analysis during long-term outdoor use. In one example, refer to... Figure 7The self-calibration unit 103 includes a standard gas cylinder and optionally processing equipment, such as an industrial control electronic device like a PLC, PAC, or DDC, which stores the standard gas. The standard gas cylinder is connected to the calibration pipeline connected to the mass spectrometer 101 via a gas path, for example, through a pressure reducing valve. The gas path can be controlled by the industrial control computer 100 or the processing equipment of the self-calibration unit 103, for example, by controlling the opening of the pressure reducing valve. In other examples, the standard gas cylinder may also be a separate component in the equipment compartment 10, and the self-calibration unit 103 is only used to control the gas path between the gas cylinder and the calibration pipeline, thereby further modularizing the components in the equipment compartment 10 for easier maintenance or replacement. The self-calibration unit 103 performs the following calibrations: shutting down the gas path of the sampling pretreatment unit 102 to supply the pretreated sample to the mass spectrometer 101; introducing standard gas into the mass spectrometer 101 through the calibration line; calibrating working parameters such as mass number, sensitivity, and detection baseline; and restarting the sampling pretreatment unit 102 to supply the pretreated sample to the mass spectrometer 101 after calibration. In addition, the self-calibration unit 103 can also store calibration data so that users can access and view the working status of the mass spectrometer 101.

[0067] Furthermore, the self-calibration unit 103 can implement multiple calibration modes, including timed calibration, threshold calibration, and real-time calibration, through its processing equipment or the control of the industrial computer 100, to adapt to different environments. In one example, for timed calibration, the industrial computer 100 or the processing equipment of the self-calibration unit 103 sets a timed program, for example, a timed program that runs every 4 hours. Each time the timed program runs, the mass spectrometer 101 is calibrated once, suitable for calibration when the user is not operating it for automatic continuous monitoring. For threshold calibration, when the industrial computer 100 monitors abnormal indicators of the mass spectrometer 101, including, for example, excessive data drift (e.g., a difference greater than ±2%), or abnormal vacuum (e.g., exceeding 1×10⁻⁶), the calibration is performed. -8 When mbar and / or the state of the ion source changes, such as when the current fluctuation of the ion source exceeds 5% of the amplitude, the mass spectrometer 101 is automatically calibrated. By setting thresholds to monitor whether various indicators are abnormal, it can be applied to high-precision VOCs monitoring. For manual calibration, users can interact with the industrial control computer 100 through the display of the industrial control computer 100 or the cloud platform to manually trigger calibration at any time.

[0068] That is, the equipment compartment of the vehicle-mounted material monitoring system according to the embodiments of this application further includes a self-calibration unit; the industrial control computer is used to control the mass spectrometer to perform self-test, start-up, mass spectrometry detection, gas filling protection or shutdown, control the sampling preprocessing unit to preprocess the material, control the self-calibration unit to calibrate the mass spectrometer, analyze the mass spectrometry data output by the mass spectrometer to obtain monitoring result data, and store and / or transmit mass spectrometry data and monitoring result data.

[0069] refer to Figure 8 and combined Figure 9 The outer shell of the functional cabin adopts a multi-layered nested composite structure, including at least an outer anti-corrosion metal layer, a high-strength load-bearing frame, a thermal insulation and vibration isolation layer, and an inner anti-corrosion metal layer, to provide dustproof, waterproof, thermal insulation, and, most importantly, vibration resistance. In one example, the inner and outer anti-corrosion metal layers are made of stainless steel or stainless iron plates, such as 1.5 mm thick 304 stainless steel plates, to prevent the functional cabin from being deformed by stress during navigation and reducing its physical protection capabilities; the middle thermal insulation and vibration isolation layer is made of thermal insulation cotton, such as 50 mm thick polyurethane insulation cotton, to effectively maintain the internal temperature of the functional cabin and absorb some vibration noise; the load-bearing frame is made of welded metal load-bearing layers, such as No. 8 welded channel steel layers. After the overall welding of the load-bearing frame, sandblasting and / or electrostatic powder coating can be optionally applied to improve its vibration isolation, corrosion resistance, and thermal insulation performance. The "sandwich" composite structure formed by stainless steel / stainless iron plates and polyurethane insulation cotton offers better resistance to mid- and high-frequency vibrations during impact compared to other materials. The dense metal on both sides reflects most of the high-vibration noise, while the polyurethane insulation cotton, with its viscoelastic porous structure, converts the remaining mechanical energy of the noise into heat energy through friction and gas viscosity loss. This not only further attenuates noise but also enhances the self-insulation capability of the functional cabin in low-temperature operating environments. The attenuation resistance of the outer shell to low-frequency vibration noise can be further improved by increasing the thickness of the intermediate insulation and vibration isolation layer, such as by increasing the thickness of the polyurethane insulation cotton.

[0070] In other examples, the inner or outer anti-corrosion metal layer may be made of aluminum sheet to reduce the overall weight of the functional compartment and further improve the transportability of the system for a specific mission.

[0071] In addition to the multi-layered nested composite structure of the outer shell itself, the outer shell also has at least one closable opening as a hatch 13, such as a front door facing the rear of the vehicle and / or a side door parallel to the side of the vehicle. The presence of the hatch 13 facilitates the installation, replacement, and maintenance of various components in the functional compartment by the user. Therefore, at its hatch 13, such as the front door or side door on the front or sides of the functional compartment, a hatch seal, such as a sealing strip, is laid on the inside of the door to improve the sealing performance at the door. In addition, the edges of the outer shell can be configured as incised edges, so that they can be engaged with the hatch seal to improve the sealing stability. The display protective cover 1000 of the industrial control computer 100 can also be equipped with such a seal to prevent the industrial control computer 100 from being affected by the external environment.

[0072] That is, the functional compartment of the vehicle-mounted material monitoring system according to the embodiments of this application further includes a hatch on the outer shell; the outer shell includes a composite shock-absorbing layer composed of an inner anti-corrosion metal layer, a middle thermal insulation and vibration isolation layer, a load-bearing frame, and an outer anti-corrosion metal layer, wherein the inner anti-corrosion metal layer and the outer anti-corrosion metal layer are stainless steel plates, preferably 304 stainless steel plates, the middle thermal insulation and vibration isolation layer is thermal insulation cotton, preferably polyurethane thermal insulation cotton, and the load-bearing frame is channel steel, preferably No. 8 channel steel; a hatch seal is provided at the connection between the inner side of the hatch and the inner anti-corrosion metal layer.

[0073] The functional compartment is divided into two relatively independent parts, the equipment compartment 10 and the energy compartment 11, by a partition 16. In one example, the partition 16 is a fire-resistant and flame-retardant partition 16, which can isolate some of the noise and vibration of the energy compartment 11 from the equipment compartment 10. Furthermore, the partition 16 can preferably be a semi-perforated or perforated structure, which can provide vibration isolation for specific frequencies while ensuring constant temperature airflow circulation in both the equipment compartment 10 and the energy compartment 11, allowing the constant temperature air conditioner 15 in the energy compartment 11 to easily regulate the temperature and humidity of both compartments as a whole.

[0074] Continue to refer to Figures 8-9 As previously described, the equipment compartment 10 includes a mass spectrometer 101, such as a commonly used PTR-TOF mass spectrometer, an industrial control computer 100, such as an edge computing industrial control computer 100, a sampling preprocessing module, and a self-calibration module. These modules are connected to the air conditioning system 15 of the energy compartment 11 via ventilation ducts passing through the partition 16 to receive constant-temperature airflow and maintain stable temperature and humidity. In one example, the equipment compartment 10 is also additionally lined with sound-absorbing and heat-insulating materials, for example, at least partially lining the inner wall of its corresponding outer shell.

[0075] Specifically, in addition to the multi-layered nested composite structure of the outer shell, a vibration damping configuration is also provided inside and near the equipment compartment 10. In one example, this vibration damping configuration is a three-stage full-frequency vibration damping configuration, including primary vibration isolation, secondary vibration damping, and tertiary stress relief. This configuration further eliminates vibration noise entering the equipment compartment 10, especially entering the mass spectrometer 101, from different dimensions, enabling the core component of the system, the mass spectrometer 101, to operate effectively without needing to be mounted on a specialized mobile transport vehicle. Specifically, primary vibration isolation is used to counteract vibration noise entering the equipment compartment 10 from the bottom of the equipment compartment 10 near the drive components of the transport vehicle 3, typically the tires. In one example, primary vibration isolation is implemented by installing one or more shock absorbers 14 at the bottom of the functional compartment that can be adjusted to counteract vibrations of specific frequencies. For example, damping adjustable shock absorbers 14 are installed, preferably durable and low-cost damping adjustable rubber shock absorbers 14. Multiple shock absorbers 14 can be evenly distributed at the bottom of the functional compartment's outer shell, for example, near the four ends of the bottom of a quadrilateral outer shell. The shock absorbers 14 are connected to the frame of the vehicle 3 and / or the connecting bracket 2 of the system. For example, for damping-adjustable shock absorbers 14, refer to... Figure 2 The shock absorber 14 is detachably connected and fixed to the frame of the vehicle 3 and the connecting bracket 2 by bolts, such as high-strength bolts to the fixing device 21. The damping value of the shock absorber 14 is changed by adjusting the nut connection position of the bolts on the top of the shock absorber 14, so that the damping value of the shock absorber 14 is adapted to the main vibration frequency of different road surfaces and absorbs the main vibration. Through the first stage based on the shock absorber 14, low-frequency vibration noise of 10 Hz - 50 Hz from the road surface can be effectively attenuated.

[0076] That is, the housing of the vehicle-mounted material monitoring system according to the embodiments of this application further includes a plurality of shock absorbers; the plurality of shock absorbers are evenly arranged at the bottom of the housing and can be connected to the fixing device, and at least some of the plurality of shock absorbers can adjust the damping value in conjunction with at least some of the plurality of bolt fittings to adapt to vibrations of different frequencies.

[0077] Secondary vibration reduction is provided by an active / passive vibration damping platform 104. In one example, secondary vibration reduction is achieved through a vibration damping platform 104 installed on the mass spectrometer 101. This platform 104 is located at the bottom of the mass spectrometer 101 and supports the mass spectrometer 101. The platform has a built-in servo controller and at least three accelerometer sensors. The accelerometer sensors are used to collect vibration signals from the X, Y, and Z directions in three-dimensional space, respectively. The vibration signals are transmitted to the servo controller. The servo controller includes a processing device and a DC servo motor, and can be equipped with a ball screw. The processing device acquires and calculates the reverse force required to counteract the vibration in real time based on the vibration signal, and controls the DC servo motor to output the reverse force in the corresponding direction to counteract the vibration noise. The vibration damping platform 104 used for secondary vibration reduction can be used to counteract the 50 Hz - 100 Hz engine resonance noise from the vehicle 3. At the same time, a high-damping rubber pad can be installed at the bottom of the platform to further absorb high-frequency vibration impacts of 100 Hz - 500 Hz.

[0078] In particular, the shock-absorbing platform 104 is preferably close to both sides of the equipment compartment 10, and slide rails 1040 are laid on both sides of the equipment compartment 10. The shock-absorbing platform 104 drives the mass spectrometer 101 to be pulled and moved through the slide rails 1040. This configuration facilitates the installation and maintenance of the mass spectrometer 101.

[0079] In other examples, the vibration damping platform 104 can be a passive vibration damping platform 104, eliminating the servo controller and instead achieving vibration attenuation within the same frequency band by optimizing its damping materials. For example, the vibration damping platform 104 uses a composite structure of high-damping rubber and springs to effectively attenuate higher-frequency vibration impacts. The system described in this example has a simpler structure and lower cost, making it suitable for cost-sensitive users. However, its ability to actively cancel resonance is slightly weaker, making it more suitable for detection scenarios with relatively gentle vibrations, such as mobile monitoring of urban roads.

[0080] That is, the equipment compartment of the vehicle-mounted material monitoring system according to the embodiments of this application further includes a shock-absorbing platform; the shock-absorbing platform is disposed at the bottom of the mass spectrometer and includes multiple accelerometers, a servo controller, a buffer pad and a slide rail. The multiple accelerometers are used to collect vibration signals in three spatial dimensions and send them to the servo controller. The servo controller outputs a counterforce according to the vibration signal to counteract the vibration. The buffer pad is used to absorb high-frequency vibrations. The slide rail is used to move the mass spectrometer along its track direction.

[0081] Furthermore, the three-level stress relief is achieved through the material selection of the gas pipelines, power cables, and various signal cables within the functional compartment. In a preferred example, the gas pipelines within the functional compartment, such as the pipeline supplying gas from the air conditioner 15 to the equipment compartment 10, the sample inlet tube 123 of the sampling device 12, the pipelines inside the sampling pretreatment unit 102, the pipelines inside the self-calibration unit 103, and / or the pipelines supplying gas from the gas storage device 106 to the sampling pretreatment unit 102 and the mass spectrometer 101, can be flexible polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hoses with a certain bending radius, for example, not less than 50 mm, to effectively resist vibration propagation and avoid pipeline damage caused by rigid connections. In another preferred example, the power cables and signal cables are strongly shielded flexible cables to avoid interference with electrical signals.

[0082] That is, the equipment compartment of the vehicle-mounted material monitoring system according to the embodiments of this application further includes a gas storage device; the gas storage device is used to store one or more gases to provide backflushing gas to the cleaning unit and / or to provide gas filling protection to the mass spectrometer.

[0083] In this way, through the vibration resistance of the outer shell, the vibration isolation of the partition 16, and the vibration reduction of the damping configuration, the system provides a complete and powerful vibration reduction structure for the mass spectrometer 101, which can effectively cope with vibration noise from different vibration sources, including the road surface, the operation of ordinary transport vehicles 3, the components of the energy compartment 11, and high-frequency impacts from potential accidents, thereby keeping the mass spectrometer 101 in a highly stable environment to provide high-precision mass spectrometry analysis and preventing it from being damaged.

[0084] Continue to refer to Figures 8-9The energy compartment 11 includes a main energy storage unit 110, a battery management system 111, a power interface 112, a power switching unit 113, and a power distribution unit 114. A support frame is provided at the rear of the energy compartment 11 to house the main energy storage unit 110. In one example, the main energy storage unit 110 is a rechargeable lithium iron phosphate battery pack, and the battery management system 111 is a BMS (Battery Management System) used to control the charging and discharging of the main energy storage unit 110. The power switching unit 113 includes a bidirectional inverter power supply, capable of converting electrical parameters between different power sources to achieve multi-power switching and charging. The power distribution unit 114 and the power interface 112 are installed on the inner wall of the energy compartment 11. The power distribution unit 114 can be an intelligent power switcher, capable of switching different power sources to supply power to the mass spectrometer 101, industrial computer 100, etc., via cables in the power supply circuit. In addition, the energy compartment 11 also includes an air conditioner 15, such as a commonly used thermostatic air conditioner 15. The air conditioner 15 is installed at the rear of the energy compartment 11, away from the equipment compartment 10. The air conditioner 15 can adopt a zoned heat dissipation design, with temperature warning devices, such as temperature sensors, installed in both the energy compartment 11 and the equipment compartment 10. The temperature and humidity of the energy compartment 11 and the equipment compartment 10 are adjusted according to the temperature values ​​fed back by the temperature sensors. Preferably, as mentioned above, the partition 16 between the energy compartment 11 and the equipment compartment 10 is a semi-perforated or perforated partition 16, which facilitates airflow between the two compartments to improve the efficiency of the air conditioner 15 in regulating the temperature and humidity of the two compartments to be consistent.

[0085] That is, the functional compartment of the vehicle-mounted material monitoring system according to the embodiments of this application further includes an air conditioner; the air conditioner is located on the side of the energy compartment away from the equipment compartment, and provides constant temperature airflow to the energy compartment and the equipment compartment respectively through ventilation ducts; a partition is provided between the energy compartment and the equipment compartment, the partition is used to isolate vibration, preferably contains flame-retardant material to isolate fire, and the partition allows airflow to pass through.

[0086] Specifically, the system achieves a stable current supply to key components such as the mass spectrometer 101 through the cooperation of the main energy storage unit 110, power interface 112, power switching unit 113, and power distribution unit 114, avoiding the current instability problem commonly found in mobile vehicles. See reference [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 10For example, the main energy storage unit 110 uses an 18650 type lithium iron phosphate battery pack with a modular design. Each module consists of 24 batteries connected in series to form a battery pack, for example, a 76.8 V battery pack. The capacity of several modules connected in parallel can reach 500 Ah - 1000 Ah. The BMS battery management system 111 can monitor the cell voltage, temperature and internal resistance of each battery in real time to control the lithium iron phosphate battery pack for equal charging, overcharging, over-discharging and overcurrent, and provide thermal runaway warning, such as triggering an alarm signal when the battery temperature is higher than 60°C. The power distribution unit 114 is an intelligent power switcher for switching between multiple power sources, such as supporting switching between 220V AC mains power, 12V / 24V DC vehicle power, and 76.8V DC lithium iron phosphate battery pack. The switching logic is controlled by its electronic control equipment, such as a PLC or industrial computer 100. The power switching unit 113 participates in the switching process.

[0087] In one example, the power input switching logic includes mains priority logic, vehicle power supply substitution logic, and main energy storage unit 110 power supply logic. The power switching unit 113 includes a DC-DC converter, a bidirectional inverter, and a power switch. For the mains priority logic, when the power distribution unit 114 detects mains power, such as 220±10% V, being supplied from the power interface 112, it automatically switches to the mains power supply circuit and supplies the mains power to the mass spectrometer 101, industrial computer 100, and other electric drive components, charging the main energy storage unit 110 through the bidirectional inverter, i.e., the charger. When the mains power is disconnected, it automatically enters the vehicle power supply substitution logic, and the power distribution unit 114 automatically switches to the vehicle power supply, converting the 12V / 24V voltage of the vehicle power supply to 76.8V through the DC-DC converter. V replenishes the main energy storage unit 110 with electricity, and at the same time, the vehicle power supply voltage is converted to the mains voltage through the bidirectional inverter to connect the mains power supply circuit to the mass spectrometer 101, industrial control computer 100, air conditioner 15 and other electric drive components; when the vehicle power supply is also disconnected, it automatically enters the main energy storage unit 110 power supply logic, and the power distribution unit 114 quickly switches to battery power supply, and also supplies power to the electric drive components through the bidirectional inverter and mains power supply circuit. The switching process can be compensated by capacitor energy storage to ensure no voltage fluctuation and not affect the operation of the instrument.

[0088] In a preferred embodiment, the power switching of the power distribution unit 114 preferably adopts an air switch to allocate independent power supply circuits for different devices such as the mass spectrometer 101, air conditioner 15, and industrial computer 100. The rated current is set according to the power of each component to achieve overload, short circuit, and leakage protection. The power supply circuits of precision components such as the mass spectrometer 101 and industrial computer 100 can also be connected in series with a power purification module. For example, the power purification module includes an EMI filter and a voltage regulator circuit. By connecting the EMI filter and the voltage regulator circuit in series to the working circuit of the mass spectrometer 101 and / or the working circuit of the industrial computer 100, a pure 220 V AC sine wave output can be guaranteed, greatly reducing ripple and eliminating the 50 Hz - 1000 Hz harmonic interference of the vehicle power supply to the precision components in the functional compartment.

[0089] In other examples, the main energy storage unit 110 can be a composite energy storage unit combining a lithium battery pack and a solar charger. The solar charger can replenish the battery pack when there is no mains power or vehicle power supply outdoors, thereby improving the system's endurance for field monitoring.

[0090] In this way, under different monitoring environments, through the cooperation of the various components of the energy cabin 11, the mass spectrometer 101 and the industrial control computer 100 can receive stable and clean power to maintain high-efficiency operation, thereby improving the practicality and durability of the system.

[0091] That is, the energy compartment of the vehicle-mounted material monitoring system according to the embodiments of this application includes a main energy storage unit, a battery management system, a power interface, a power switching unit, and a power distribution unit; the main energy storage unit includes a rechargeable battery pack for supplying power to the components of the equipment compartment; the battery management system performs charging control, charging protection, and / or discharging protection on the main energy storage unit; the power interface is used to connect to mains power or to a vehicle power source; the power switching unit controls the power interface to charge the main energy storage unit and / or supply power to the components of the equipment compartment, or controls the main energy storage unit to supply power to the components of the equipment compartment; the power distribution unit configures power supply circuits for the components of the equipment compartment respectively, so that the components of the equipment compartment receive power from the power interface or the main energy storage unit.

[0092] Furthermore, the power switching unit includes a DC-DC converter, a bidirectional inverter, and a power switch; the DC-DC converter is used to convert the DC power from the vehicle power supply into DC power to charge the main energy storage unit; the bidirectional inverter is used to convert the DC power output from the main energy storage unit into AC power to supply power to the components in the equipment compartment, or to convert AC power connected to the mains into DC power to charge the main energy storage unit; and the power switch is used to transmit the AC power connected to the mains or the AC power converted by the bidirectional inverter to the power distribution unit.

[0093] In an additional example, the functional compartment also includes an air environment control configuration, including the aforementioned air conditioner 15 and temperature and humidity adjustment in conjunction with a temperature and humidity sensor. In addition, this configuration includes a fan in the equipment compartment 10, a pressure sensor 105, and a heat dissipation duct in the energy compartment 11. Specifically, the fan is located on the surface of the equipment compartment 10, and its outlet is connected to a filter to filter and deliver air into the equipment compartment 10. The pressure sensor 105 is located on the inner wall of the equipment compartment 10, preferably a diffused silicon pressure sensor 105, with a measurement range of 0-200 Pa and an accuracy of ±1 Pa. It outputs the monitored pressure signal and sends it to the industrial control computer 100. When the pressure is lower than a specific pressure value, such as 50 Pa, the industrial control computer 100 starts the fan to compensate for the pressure and maintain a slight positive pressure of 50 Pa - 100 Pa; when the pressure is higher than a specific pressure value, such as 100 Pa, the industrial control computer 100 shuts down the fan to maintain a stable slight positive pressure; when the pressure reaches 80 Pa - 100 Pa, the industrial control computer 100 controls the fan to operate at a low speed. Excess clean airflow in the equipment compartment 10 flows into the energy compartment 11 through the preferred semi-perforated or perforated partition 16, which helps Yongyang maintain a slight positive pressure in the energy compartment 11. Finally, it is discharged through the heat dissipation duct of the energy compartment 11 to form a complete airflow path from supply air to exhaust air, providing positive pressure dust prevention to effectively prevent external dust from entering the dual compartments.

[0094] That is, the equipment compartment of the vehicle-mounted material monitoring system according to the embodiments of this application further includes a fan and a pressure sensor, and the energy compartment includes a heat dissipation duct; the inlet and / or outlet of the fan are provided with filters, the fan is used to filter and send air into the equipment compartment, the heat dissipation duct is used to exhaust air out of the energy compartment, and the pressure sensor is used to monitor the air pressure in the equipment compartment and send the air pressure value to the industrial control computer so that the industrial control computer controls the speed of the fan.

[0095] Specifically, considering the systems described in the above embodiments and the transport vehicle 3 as a unified whole, this application can also provide a substance monitoring system, which includes the vehicle-mounted substance monitoring system described in the above embodiments and the transport vehicle 3 carrying the vehicle-mounted substance monitoring system. It is understood that this substance monitoring system can provide continuous, real-time, and stable VOCs collection and analysis at set detection sites, along the entire set monitoring path, or at least part of the detection path, and store and / or send the analysis results to the user. Simultaneously, the substance monitoring system can conveniently change the monitoring path according to temporary monitoring tasks, depending on the driving and range capabilities of the transport vehicle 3. For the vehicle-mounted substance monitoring system and the substance monitoring system, the transport vehicle 3 can be a flatbed truck, a high-sided truck, or a box truck; of course, if the internal space of the vehicle allows, the transport vehicle 3 can also be a specialized mobile monitoring vehicle.

[0096] The system can be detachably and securely used with light pickup trucks. The monitoring unit 1 is adapted to the pickup truck bed, is small in size, and has strong maneuverability, allowing it to enter complex scenarios such as narrow roads in parks and mountainous areas, achieving blind-spot-free monitoring. The quick-release adapter structure of the connecting bracket 2 allows for rapid disassembly and assembly, and reuse by multiple vehicles, reducing user equipment investment. The total cost of the system can be controlled at 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of that of a professional mobile monitoring vehicle, making it accessible to cities, counties, and enterprises, overcoming the shortcomings of existing solutions that are costly and cannot be widely adopted. Furthermore, the system employs a multi-level, multi-dimensional composite vibration reduction system: a first-level attenuation of low-frequency vibrations, a second-level active resonance cancellation, and a third-level elimination of internal stress, preventing displacement and damage to the core components of the mass spectrometer, significantly reducing data drift and instrument failure rates. The dual-compartment isolation design prevents vibration transmission from the energy compartment 11, further improving instrument stability and addressing the vibration interference shortcomings of existing solutions.

[0097] Furthermore, the system also installs a constant-temperature air conditioner 15 at the rear of the energy compartment 11, employing an overall full-area temperature control design. Through ventilation ducts and the partially isolated partition 16 between the two compartments, it achieves synchronous temperature and humidity control. The air conditioner 15 can maintain the temperature and humidity of both compartments simultaneously in an external environment of -20℃ to 50℃, meeting the optimal operating environment for the mass spectrometer 101 and power supply equipment. The system's positive pressure dustproof and active filtration purification design ensures clean air is delivered to both compartments, preventing external dust and corrosive gases from intruding, adsorbing impurities within the compartments, avoiding ion source contamination and baseline drift, while simultaneously ensuring the stable operation of the power supply equipment within the energy compartment 11, addressing the environmental interference deficiencies of existing solutions. In addition, the system employs seamless multi-source power switching, with imperceptible switching between mains power, vehicle power, and battery pack, ensuring uninterrupted monitoring. By filtering harmonics and fluctuations, it can further output pure power, preventing abnormal instrument shutdowns and data loss. Through BMS battery management and energy-saving control, it extends battery life, ensuring long-term system operation and addressing the power instability deficiencies of existing solutions.

[0098] Exemplary methods Based on the vehicle-mounted material monitoring system described in the "Exemplary System", this application also provides a method for vehicle-mounted material monitoring, the method comprising the following steps.

[0099] Step S110: Use a sampling device to collect substances at the detection site and / or along the monitoring path; Step S120: Use an industrial control computer and a mass spectrometer to preprocess and analyze the substances to obtain the content data of the substances.

[0100] The sampling device, industrial control computer, and mass spectrometer are the sampling device 12, industrial control computer 100, and mass spectrometer 101 of the vehicle-mounted substance monitoring system described in the "Exemplary System", or the sampling device 12, industrial control computer 100, and mass spectrometer 101 of the substance monitoring system described in the "Exemplary System", and the substance is volatile organic compounds.

[0101] It is understood that the specific operation methods and effects of each step in the above-mentioned vehicle-mounted material monitoring method have been referenced above. Figures 1-10 The vehicle-mounted material monitoring system is described in detail here, and therefore, its repeated description will be omitted.

[0102] The basic principles of this application have been described above with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should be noted that the advantages, benefits, and effects mentioned in this application are merely examples and not limitations, and should not be considered as essential features of each embodiment of this application. Furthermore, the specific details disclosed above are for illustrative and facilitative purposes only, and are not limitations. These details do not limit the application to the necessity of employing the aforementioned specific details for implementation.

[0103] The block diagrams of devices, apparatuses, devices, and systems involved in this application are merely illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that they must be connected, arranged, or configured in the manner shown in the block diagrams. As those skilled in the art will recognize, these devices, apparatuses, devices, and systems can be connected, arranged, and configured in any manner. Words such as “comprising,” “including,” “having,” etc., are open-ended terms meaning “including but not limited to,” and are used interchangeably with them. The terms “or” and “and” as used herein refer to the terms “and / or,” and are used interchangeably with them unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “such as” as used herein refers to the phrase “such as but not limited to,” and is used interchangeably with it.

[0104] It should also be noted that in the apparatus, equipment, and methods of this application, the components or steps can be disassembled and / or recombined. These disassemblies and / or recombinations should be considered as equivalent solutions of this application.

[0105] The above description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but rather to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0106] The above description has been given for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, this description is not intended to limit the embodiments of this application to the forms disclosed herein. Although numerous exemplary aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those skilled in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions, and sub-combinations thereof.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted material monitoring system, characterized in that, Includes the monitoring unit and the connecting bracket; The monitoring entity includes a sampling device and a functional compartment. The sampling device collects substances from the environment. The functional compartment includes an outer shell, an equipment compartment, and an energy compartment. The equipment compartment is connected to the sampling device and includes an industrial control computer and a mass spectrometer for preprocessing and analyzing substances. The energy compartment is used to supply power to the equipment compartment and regulate the power supply. A connecting bracket is fixed to the bottom of the monitoring body and is used for detachable connection with the vehicle carrying the vehicle-mounted material monitoring system. The substance in question is a volatile organic compound.

2. The vehicle-mounted material monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein, The sampling device includes a sampling head, a sampling interface, a sampling seal, and a sample inlet tube; The sampling head is inserted into the sampling interface, which is the gas path interface of the functional compartment. The sampling seal is disposed between the sampling head and the sampling interface. The two ends of the injection tube are respectively connected to the sampling interface and the equipment compartment for delivering substances to the equipment compartment.

3. The vehicle-mounted material monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein, The equipment compartment also includes a sampling pretreatment unit, which is used to pretreat substances and includes a filtration unit, a drying unit, a flow stabilization control unit, and a cleaning unit. The filtration unit includes a filter element for receiving substances to filter impurities. The inlet and outlet of the filtration unit are equipped with differential pressure sensors, which trigger a filter element replacement signal when the differential pressure between the inlet and outlet exceeds a threshold. The drying unit removes moisture from the material; The flow control unit includes a mass flow controller, which controls the output of the substance to the mass spectrometer at a predetermined flow rate by adjusting its own valve opening, and automatically adjusts the output flow rate when the difference between the output flow rate of the substance and the predetermined flow rate exceeds a threshold. The cleaning unit receives and inputs backflushing gas into the sampling pretreatment unit to clean the sampling pretreatment unit.

4. The vehicle-mounted material monitoring system according to claim 3, wherein, The filter element is made of quartz glass fiber, the pressure difference threshold between the inlet and outlet of the filtration unit is 2 kPa-7 kPa, the drying unit is a Nafion tube, the threshold for the difference between the output flow rate and the predetermined flow rate is ±3%-±7%, and the backflushing gas is high-purity nitrogen.

5. The vehicle-mounted material monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein, The equipment compartment also includes a self-calibration unit; The industrial control computer is used to control the mass spectrometer to perform self-test, start-up, mass spectrometry detection, gas filling protection or shutdown, control the sampling pretreatment unit to preprocess substances, control the self-calibration unit to calibrate the mass spectrometer, analyze the mass spectrometry data output by the mass spectrometer to obtain monitoring result data, and store and / or transmit mass spectrometry data and monitoring result data.

6. The vehicle-mounted material monitoring system according to claim 5, wherein, The industrial control computer includes a monitor and a monitor protective cover; The display is located outside the equipment compartment and is used to provide the user interface of the industrial control computer. The display protective cover is used to isolate the display from the external environment and is removed when the display is in use. The self-calibration unit is used to calibrate the mass spectrometer, including being configured by the industrial control computer to calibrate the mass spectrometer at regular intervals, being controlled by the industrial control computer to calibrate the mass spectrometer in real time, or automatically calibrating the mass spectrometer when the mass spectrometry data drift, vacuum degree and / or ion source state change of the mass spectrometer exceeds a threshold.

7. The vehicle-mounted material monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein, The functional compartment also includes a hatch on the outer shell; The outer shell comprises a composite shock-absorbing layer consisting of an inner anti-corrosion metal layer, a middle thermal insulation and vibration isolation layer, a load-bearing frame, and an outer anti-corrosion metal layer. The inner and outer anti-corrosion metal layers are stainless steel plates, preferably 304 stainless steel plates. The middle thermal insulation and vibration isolation layer is thermal insulation cotton, preferably polyurethane thermal insulation cotton. The load-bearing frame is channel steel, preferably No. 8 channel steel. A door seal is provided at the connection between the inner side of the hatch and the inner anti-corrosion metal layer.

8. The vehicle-mounted material monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein, The equipment compartment also includes a shock-absorbing platform; The vibration damping platform is located at the bottom of the mass spectrometer and includes multiple accelerometers, a servo controller, a buffer pad, and a slide rail. The multiple accelerometers are used to collect vibration signals in three spatial dimensions and send them to the servo controller. The servo controller outputs a counterforce according to the vibration signal to counteract the vibration. The buffer pad is used to absorb high-frequency vibrations, and the slide rail is used to move the mass spectrometer along its track direction.

9. The vehicle-mounted material monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein, The connecting bracket includes a main bracket and a fixing device; The main support frame is used to fix and support the monitoring body. The bottom of the main support frame is provided with an anti-slip pad. The fixing device includes multiple bolt fittings, which are respectively connected to the main support frame and the vehicle carrying the vehicle-mounted material monitoring system.

10. The vehicle-mounted material monitoring system according to claim 9, wherein, The housing also includes multiple shock absorbers; The plurality of shock absorbers are evenly arranged at the bottom of the housing and can be connected to the fixing device. At least some of the shock absorbers can adjust the damping value in conjunction with at least some of the bolt fittings to adapt to vibrations of different frequencies.

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